Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Größen, die das Fahrverhalten eines vierrädrigen Fahrzeugs beschreiben, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for determiningof sizes that determine the driving behavior of a four-wheelerDescribe vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein solches Verfahren ist in der DE 42 26 749 A1 beschrieben. Es werden einer Recheneinrichtung Signale zugeführt, die die Längsbeschleunigung ax, die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit in Längsrichtung vx, die Querbeschleunigung ay und die Gierwinkelgeschwindigkeit repräsentieren, wobei aufgrund dieser gemessenen Größen in der Recheneinrichtung unter Verwendung eines Fahrzeugsmodells zumindest der Schwimmwinkel β abgeleitet wird. Im Verlauf der Rechnung werden Nick- und Wankbewegungen des Fahrzeugs als vernachlässigbar klein angenommen, um die Drehgeschwindigkeiten um die Fahrzeuglängs- und -querachse gleich Null setzen zu können und somit ein komplexes Gleichungssystem zu vereinfachen. Auch die Fahrzeugquerbeschleunigung wird als die angenommen, welche von fahrzeugfesten Querbeschleunigungsmessern erfaßt wird, so daß auch seitliche Fahrbahnneigungen als Querbeschleunigungen angenommen werden. Dies führt zwangsläufig zu Fehlern bei der Berechnung des Schwimmwinkels. Deshalb kann nicht gewährleistet werden, daß die Regelung ohne Berücksichtigung der Querneigung auch bei Fahrten mit Querneigung zum gewünschten Fahrverhalten führt.Such a method is described in DE 42 26 749 A1. Signals are supplied to a computing device which represent the longitudinal acceleration ax , the vehicle speed in the longitudinal direction vx , the lateral acceleration ay and the yaw rate, with at least the float angle β being derived on the basis of these measured variables in the computing device using a vehicle model . In the course of the calculation, pitch and roll movements of the vehicle are assumed to be negligible in order to be able to set the rotational speeds around the vehicle's longitudinal and transverse axes to zero and thus to simplify a complex system of equations. The lateral vehicle acceleration is also assumed to be that which is detected by lateral accelerometers fixed to the vehicle, so that lateral road inclinations are also assumed to be lateral accelerations. This inevitably leads to errors in the calculation of the float angle. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that the regulation leads to the desired driving behavior even when driving with a bank without taking the bank angle into account.
Um die Stabilität bzw. eine gute Qualität der Giermomentenregelung auch bei einer Fahrbahnquerneigung und/oder bei einer Wankbewegung des Fahrzeugs zu gewährleisten, ist eine Querneigungserkennung notwendig. Dies erfolgt durch eine Berechnung des Querneigungswinkels. Bei einer erkannten Querneigung kann der Regler, also die Recheneinrichtung, so ausgelegt werden, daß er gegenüber Querneigung robust arbeitet.To the stability or good quality of the yaw momentsregulation also with a roadway bank and / or with Ensuring a rolling movement of the vehicle is oneBank detection necessary. This is done by aCalculation of the bank angle. With a recognizedThe controller, ie the computing device, can bankbe interpreted that it is robust against bankis working.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welches in der Lage ist, eine Querneigung des Fahrzeugs von einer echten Querbeschleunigung des Fahrzeugs zu unterscheiden und betragsmäßig anzugeben.The present invention is based on the objectTo create methods of the type mentioned, which inis able to bank the vehicle from a real oneTo distinguish lateral acceleration of the vehicle andamount to be stated.
Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit des kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Berechnung des Querneigungswinkels basiert also auf einer Koordinatentransformation. Der vom fahrzeugfesten Querbeschleunigungsmesser erfaßte Wert wird zu einem aus anderen Sensorsignalen berechneten Wert der erdbezogenen Querbeschleunigung in Bezug gesetzt. Erdbezogen soll heißen, daß die z-Achse des Koordinatensystems in Gravitationsrichtung verläuft, während die x- und die y-Achse senkrecht hierzu in Fahrzeuglängs- und -querrichtung weisen.This task is combined with the characteristicFeatures of claim 1 solved. The calculation of the cross eggangle is based on oneCoordinate transformation. That of the vehicle-fixedLateral accelerometer value becomes oneother sensor signals calculated value of the earth-relatedLateral acceleration related. Earth-related meansthat the z-axis of the coordinate system in gravitationaldirection runs, while the x and y axes are verticalpoint in the vehicle's longitudinal and transverse directions.
Die erdbezogene Querbeschleunigung des Fahrzeugs kann beispielsweise aus einer gemessenen oder berechneten Gierwinkelgeschwindigkeit und der Fahrzeuglängsgeschwindigkeit oder aus den einzelnen Radgeschwindigkeiten je eines rechten und eines linken Fahrzeugrades berechnet werden.The earth-related lateral acceleration of the vehicle canfor example from a measured or calculated yaw anglespeed and the vehicle's longitudinal speed or offthe individual wheel speeds of one right and oneleft vehicle wheel can be calculated.
Falls gewünscht, kann auf einfache Weise noch ein Anteil des Querneigungswinkels als Wankwinkel ausgewiesen werden, indem die gemessene, fahrzeugbezogene Querbeschleunigung mit einem fahrzeugspezifischen, beladungsabhängigen Faktor multipliziert wird, der vorzugsweise einmalig vorab durch Versuchsmessungen ermittelt und in der fahrzeugeigenen Recheneinrichtung abgelegt wird.If desired, a portion of theBank angle can be shown as roll angle bythe measured, vehicle-related lateral acceleration with avehicle-specific, load-dependent factoris multiplied, preferably once by in advanceTest measurements determined and in the vehicle's ownComputing device is stored.
Eine nähere Erläuterung des Erfindungsgedankens erfolgt nun unter Zuhilfenahme einer Zeichnung.A more detailed explanation of the inventive concept is now givenwith the help of a drawing.
Die einzige Figur zeigt das Verhältnis des fahrzeugbezogenen Koordinatensystems (x′, y′, z′) zum erdbezogenen Koordinatensystem (x,y,z), wobei in diesem Beispiel angenommen wird, daß das Fahrzeug keinen Längsneigungswinkel zur Horizontalen einnimmt (x=x′). Die Transformation läßt sich anhand der Figur durch folgende Gleichung darstellen.The only figure shows the relationship of the vehicle-relatedCoordinate system (x ′, y ′, z ′) for earth-related coordinatessystem (x, y, z), assuming in this example thatthe vehicle does not make a longitudinal inclination to the horizontaltakes (x = x ′). The transformation can be seen from the figurerepresented by the following equation.
aqm = aq cos αq - g sin αq (1)aqm = aq cos αq - g sin αq (1)
Dabei sind die in der Figur verwendeten Variablen wie folgt definiert:
aq Querbeschleunigung bezüglich des ursprünglichen Koordinatensystems;
aqm gemessene Querbeschleunigung bezüglich des Fahrzeugkoordinatensystems;
g Erdbeschleunigung (Gravitation);
αb Fahrbahnquerneigungswinkel;
X Wankwinkel;
αq = αb + X Fahrzeugquerneigungswinkel bezüglich des ursprünglichen Koordinatensystems.
 Aus (1) folgt:The variables used in the figure are defined as follows:
 aq lateral acceleration with respect to the original coordinate system;
 aqm measured lateral acceleration with respect to the vehicle coordinate system;
 g gravitational acceleration;
 αb road bank angle;
 X roll angle;
 αq = αb + X vehicle bank angle with respect to the original coordinate system.
 From (1) follows:
wobeiin which
Nach (2) und der Figur gilt:After (2)and the figure applies:
Aus (2) und (3) folgt:From (2) and (3)follows:
Um den Rechenaufwand zu reduzieren bzw. in Integer zu programmieren, kann diese Berechnung entweder durch Approximierung nach der Taylor-Reihenentwicklung oder nach dem Newton-Iterationsverfahren durchgeführt werden.To reduce the computing effort or in integer toocan program this calculation either by approxiafter Taylor series development or afterNewton iteration procedures are performed.
Die Approximationen nach der Taylor-ReihenentwicklungThe approximations after the Taylor series expansion
lauten: Durch diese Approximationen ergibt sich dann die Gleichung:read: These approximations then result in theEquation:
mitWith
undand
Das Newton-Iterationsverfahren ist bekannt und wird deshalb hier nicht weiter verfolgt.The Newton iteration method is known and is therefore not pursued further here.
Die Querbeschleunigung aq bezüglich des ursprünglichen Koordinatensystems kann entweder durchThe lateral acceleration aq with respect to the original coordinate system can either by
oder durch eine der nachfolgenden Gleichungenor by one of the equations below
nachgebildet werden, wobei folgende Bezeichnungen verwendet wurden:
vfzg Fahrzeugreferenzgeschwindigkeit;
 Schwimmwinkelgeschwindigkeit;
 Gierwinkelgeschwindigkeit;
vvr Radgeschwindigkeit vorne rechts;
vvl Radgeschwindigkeit vorne links;
vhr Radgeschwindigkeit hinten rechts;
vhl Radgeschwindigkeit hinten links;
S Spurweite des Fahrzeuges.are reproduced using the following names:
 v vehiclereference speed ;
 Angular velocity;
 Yaw rate;
 vvr wheel speed front right;
 vvl wheel speed front left;
 vhr rear right wheel speed;
 vhl wheel speed rear left;
 S gauge of the vehicle.
Im folgenden wird eine Möglichkeit zur Ermittlung des Wankwinkels angegeben. Wie in der Literatur beschrieben, z. B. in Mitschke, Dynamik der Kraftfahrzeuge, Band C, Springer-Verlag 1990, ist die Querbeschleunigung aq bezüglich des ursprünglichen Koordinatensystems von der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und vom Krümmungsradius der Bahnkurve R abhängig. Sie ist nach folgender Gleichung zu berechnen:In the following, one way of determining the roll angle is given. As described in the literature, e.g. B. in Mitschke, Dynamics of Motor Vehicles, Volume C, Springer Verlag 1990, the lateral acceleration aq is dependent on the original coordinate system of the vehicle speed and the radius of curvature of the trajectory R. It is calculated using the following equation:
Der Wankwinkel ist proportional zur Querbeschleunigung, solange die Fahrzeugparameter konstant sind. Nach der Literatur ist der Wankwinkel beim leeren Fahrzeug 8°/g und beim beladenen Fahrzeug 11°/g nicht zu überschreiten. Bei aqm<0 ergibt sich dann X<0, bei aqm<0 X<0 und bei aqm=0 X=0. Dadurch kann die eigene Wankbewegung beim leeren Fahrzeug durchThe roll angle is proportional to the lateral acceleration as long as the vehicle parameters are constant. According to the literature, the roll angle is 8 ° / g when the vehicle is empty and 11 ° / g when the vehicle is loaded. If aqm <0 then X <0, then for aqm <0 X <0 and for aqm = 0 X = 0. This means that your own roll motion when the vehicle is empty
und beim beladenen Fahrzeug durchand when the vehicle is loaded
abgeschätzt werden. Der Faktor k kann durch einen Fahrversuch auf einer ebenen Fahrbahn mit Hilfe eines besonderen Wankwinkel-Meßsystems fahrzeugspezifisch ermittelt werden, nämlich:can be estimated. The factor k can be determined by a driving teston a level road with the help of a special rollangle measuring system can be determined vehicle-specifically,namely:
wobei Xm der durch das Meßsystem gemessene Wankwinkel ist.where Xm is the roll angle measured by the measuring system.
Die Querneigungserkennung wurde bei einem Fahrversuch in einer Test-Steilkurve ohne Einschalten des Giermomentenreglers zum Testen eingesetzt. Dabei wurde die Wurzel-Berechnung nach dem Newton-Iterationsverfahren durchgeführt, da die Wurzelfunktion bereits in der Integer-Programmierung vorhanden ist.The bank detection was made during a driving test in a test steep curve without switching on theYaw moment controller used for testing. TheRoot calculation using the Newton iteration methodperformed because the root function is already in the integer programmingis available.
Aus den Meßergebnissen war zu erkennen, daß die Querbeschleunigung bezüglich des ursprünglichen Koordinatensystems nach Gleichung (4) von der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit abhängig ist. Die Wirkung der eigenen Wankbewegung war aus einem Vergleich der Meßergebnisse bei verschiedenen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten festzustellen, da die Fahrbahnneigung bekannt und bei allen Durchläufen dieselbe war. Bei niedrigen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten ist die Querbeschleunigung klein und verursacht eine kleine eigene Wankbewegung. Bei einer höheren Querbeschleunigung ist die Wankbewegung unübersehbar. Mit Hilfe des Wankwinkel-Meßsystems kann der Istwert des Querneigungswinkels ermittelt werden, der als Referenzwert für eine Untersuchung der Fahrversuchsergebnisse zur Verfügung steht. Bei Vergleich zwischen dem gemessenen und dem berechneten Querneigungswinkel hat sich ergeben, daß die Berechnung zumindest bei einer nahezu stationären Fahrt zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse liefert.It could be seen from the measurement results that the crossacceleration with respect to the original coordinatessystems according to equation (4) on the vehicle speedis dependent. The effect of your own roll motion was overa comparison of the measurement results at differentDetermine vehicle speeds because theLane inclination known and the same for all runswas. The Querbe is at low vehicle speedsacceleration small and causes a small ownRoll. At a higher lateral acceleration that isRolling motion unmistakable. With the help of the roll angle measuring systemthe actual value of the bank angle can be determinedbe used as a reference value for an investigation of theDriving test results is available. By comparisonbetween the measured and the calculated cross eggangle has been found that the calculation at leastsatisfactory on an almost stationary journeyDelivers results.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19607050ADE19607050A1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1996-02-24 | Method for determining variables that describe the driving behavior of a vehicle | 
| US09/117,640US6138066A (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | Method of determining quantities describing vehicle driving behavior | 
| KR10-1998-0705979AKR100449395B1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | A method for determining the amount by which a running behavior of a vehicle is displayed | 
| EP97901584AEP0874750B1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | Method of determining variables which describe a vehicle's driving characteristics | 
| DE59707217TDE59707217D1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING SIZES DESCRIBING THE DRIVING BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE | 
| AU20838/97AAU2083897A (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | Method of determining variables which describe a vehicle's driving characteristics | 
| JP52727697AJP2002515972A (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | Method for determining the quantity indicating the running state of a vehicle | 
| PCT/EP1997/000287WO1997028037A1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | Method of determining variables which describe a vehicle's driving characteristics | 
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19603908 | 1996-02-03 | ||
| DE19607050ADE19607050A1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1996-02-24 | Method for determining variables that describe the driving behavior of a vehicle | 
| Publication Number | Publication Date | 
|---|---|
| DE19607050A1true DE19607050A1 (en) | 1997-08-07 | 
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19607050AWithdrawnDE19607050A1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1996-02-24 | Method for determining variables that describe the driving behavior of a vehicle | 
| DE59707217TExpired - LifetimeDE59707217D1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING SIZES DESCRIBING THE DRIVING BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE | 
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| DE59707217TExpired - LifetimeDE59707217D1 (en) | 1996-02-03 | 1997-01-22 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING SIZES DESCRIBING THE DRIVING BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE | 
| Country | Link | 
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100449395B1 (en) | 
| DE (2) | DE19607050A1 (en) | 
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| DE59707217D1 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 
| KR19990082250A (en) | 1999-11-25 | 
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| Date | Code | Title | Description | 
|---|---|---|---|
| OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
| 8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant | Owner name:CONTINENTAL TEVES AG & CO. OHG, 60488 FRANKFURT, D | |
| 8141 | Disposal/no request for examination |