Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung und ein Verfahren zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und Antennendiagrammen.The invention relates to an arrangement and a method forInfluencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / orAntennas and antenna diagrams.
Die Anwendungsgebiete der Erfindung erstrecken sich vorrangig auf die Bereiche der Kommunikationstechnik auf den Gebieten von stationären, portablen und mobilen Sende- und Empfangssystemen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Strahlungsquellen, insbesondere von geostationären oder umlaufenden Satellitensystemen und land- oder luftmobilen Quellen, der berührungslosen Sensortechnik, der Sicherheitstechnik und der Radartechnik.The areas of application of the invention primarily extend toAreas of communication technology in the areas of stationary,portable and mobile transmission and reception systems with high frequencyelectromagnetic radiation sources, especially geostationary onesor orbiting satellite systems and land or air mobile sources,non-contact sensor technology, safety technology andRadar technology.
Bekannte Verfahren zur Bewertung von Quellen elektromagnetischer Strahlung nutzen als Bewertungskriterium vorzugsweise quelleigene Signale oder für den Fall der bekannten Position oder Bewegungseigenschaft der Quelle, deren bekannte Raumkoordinaten oder Bewegungsinformation bzw. deren Bezug zu anderen bekannten Raumkoordinaten.Known methods of evaluating sources of electromagneticRadiation preferably uses source-specific signals as an evaluation criterionor in the case of the known position or movement characteristic of theSource, its known spatial coordinates or movement information ortheir relation to other known spatial coordinates.
Im Bereich der Erfassung von geostationären Quellen, insbesondere im Bereich der geostationären Satellitensysteme, wird die Bewertung auf Grundlage bekannter Positionsdaten von Quelle und/oder Signalempfänger realisiert oder auf Basis eines Vergleichs der Transponderbelegung mit einer Referenzbelegung.In the field of the acquisition of geostationary sources, especially in theArea of geostationary satellite systems, the assessment is based onBasis of known position data from source and / or signal receiverrealized or based on a comparison of the transponder assignment with aReference occupancy.
Die Nachführung eines solchen Empfangssystems erfolgt auf der Grundlage der Bewertung des Empfangssignales unter Einbeziehung externer Sensoren und/oder Daten über die Bewegungs- oder Richtungsinformationen des Beobachters.Such a reception system is updated on the basisthe evaluation of the received signal including external sensorsand / or data about the movement or direction information of theObserver.
Weitere bekannte Nachführ- und/oder Trackinglösungen auf Grundlage der elektronischen Diagrammsynthese und -bewertung haben insbesondere den Nachteil, durch den hohen apperativen und systemimanten Aufwand auf Anwendungen im Hochkostenbereich beschränkt zu bleiben. Sie sind grundsätzlich nicht für die Nachrüstung in bestehenden Systemen geeignet. Des weiteren Weiterhin gewährleisten die bekannten Systeme keine spektral einstellbare, differenzierte Wirkung in einem großen Bandbreitenbereich.Other known tracking and / or tracking solutions based on theelectronic diagram synthesis and evaluation have in particular theDisadvantage due to the high level of apperative and systematic effortHigh cost applications remain limited. they aregenerally not suitable for retrofitting in existing systems.Furthermore, the known systems do not ensure spectraladjustable, differentiated effect in a wide bandwidth range.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher in der Bereitstellung einer im sogenannten "Low-Cost-Bereich" angesiedelten Anordnung zur zielgerichteten Beeinflussung und Steuerung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes, vorzugsweise in Antennenanordnungen oder Erregern von Antennenanordnungen, vorzugsweise von Flächenstrahlern (2), mit der Möglichkeit der definierten Änderung der Komponenten des elektromagnetischen Strahlungsfeldes (3), so dass eine begrenzte, jedoch beliebig änderbare Synthese und/oder Formierung des Strahlungsdiagramms, vorzugsweise des oder der Strahlungsdiagrammmaxima in Form und zeitlicher Kontinuität, vorzugsweise in Form eines diskret oder kontinuierlich umlaufenden Maximums um die jeweilige Elevationsebene erreicht wird (4).The object of the invention is therefore to provide an arrangement located in the so-called "low-cost range" for targeted influencing and control of an electromagnetic field, preferably in antenna arrangements or exciters of antenna arrangements, preferably of surface radiators (2 ), with the possibility of the defined one Modification of the components of the electromagnetic radiation field (3 ), so that a limited but arbitrarily changeable synthesis and / or formation of the radiation diagram, preferably of the radiation diagram or maxima in the form and continuity of time, preferably in the form of a discreet or continuous maximum around the respective elevation level is reached (4 ).
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist des weiteren, durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung die Form des resultierenden Strahlungsdiagramms an die jeweilige zu realisierende Funktion anzupassen (5), vorzugsweise des Strahlungsmaximums und dessen genaue Steuerung bei gleichzeitiger Gewinnung einer eindeutigen, zugeordneten Richtungsinformation, welche durch eine externe Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit vorgenommen wird (6).Another object of the invention is to use the arrangement according to the invention to adapt the shape of the resulting radiation diagram to the respective function to be implemented (5 ), preferably the radiation maximum and its precise control while at the same time obtaining clear, assigned directional information, which is provided by an external control and Evaluation unit is made (6 ).
Ferner besteht die Aufgabe der Erfindung in der Realisierung einer Lösungsschar von planaren oder dreidimensionalen, vorzugsweise auf einem gemeinsamen Träger angeordneten geeigneten parasitären, vorzugsweise passiven, Strahlungs- und Schaltelementen, die sich an die jeweilige Aufgabe der Feldbeeinflussung durch ihre gegenständliche Form anpassen lassen mit der Funktionalität, das resultierende Diagramm, vorzugsweise der kompletten Strahleranordnung oder von Teilkomponenten durch Änderung der Amplituden- und Phasenverteilung der Parasitärstrahler aufgabengemäß zu synthetisieren und die Möglichkeit zur spektralen Diversifizierung zu bieten (7). Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht außerdem in der vorzugsweisen Feldkopplung der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung im Strahlersystem, ohne dass dabei die Funktionalität der Anordnung insgesamt in ihrer generellen Anwendung beeinflusst wird (8).Furthermore, the object of the invention is to implement a set of solutions of planar or three-dimensional, suitable parasitic, preferably passive, radiation and switching elements which are preferably arranged on a common carrier and which can be adapted to the respective task of influencing the field by their physical form with the functionality to synthesize the resulting diagram, preferably the complete radiator arrangement or partial components by changing the amplitude and phase distribution of the parasitic radiators, and to offer the possibility of spectral diversification (7 ). The object of the invention also consists in the preferred field coupling of the arrangement according to the invention in the radiator system, without the functionality of the arrangement as a whole being influenced in its general application (8 ).
Die Anordnung soll zur Nachrüstung vorzugsweise in bestehenden Antennen- und/oder Strahlersystemen, sowohl mit transmittierenden als auch rezeptierenden Funktionalitäten geeigneter sein (10).The arrangement should preferably be suitable for retrofitting in existing antenna and / or radiator systems, with both transmitting and receptive functionalities (10 ).
Die Feldbeeinflussung soll erfindungsgemäß diskret kontinuierlich, diskret oder kontinuierlich durch externe Steuer- und Schaltelemente oder Prozessoren erfolgen (11).According to the invention, the field is to be influenced discretely continuously, discretely or continuously by external control and switching elements or processors (11 ).
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht in der Verknüpfung der Steuersignale für die Feldsteuermatrix und die zeitverknüpfte Auswertung der gewonnenen Signale durch eine geeignete Anordnung von Prozessor- und Signalbehandlungskomponenten dergestalt, dass ein anwendungsspezifisches Signal gewonnen wird, welches eine ebenfalls anwendungsspezifische Aussage über die Änderung von Vektoren in Betrag und Phase (z. B. der Richtung) des empfangenen Quellfeldes zur Position der Empfangseinheit bei genauer Aussage über das Erreichen des Optimums (Vektor = 0,0) zulässt, ohne dabei die Systemfunktion insgesamt zu verändern oder zu beeinträchtigen (12).Another object of the invention is to link the control signals for the field control matrix and the time-linked evaluation of the signals obtained by a suitable arrangement of processor and signal processing components in such a way that an application-specific signal is obtained, which also provides an application-specific statement about the change of vectors in Allows the amount and phase (e.g. the direction) of the received source field to the position of the receiving unit with precise information about reaching the optimum (vector = 0.0) without changing or impairing the overall system function (12 ).
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht ferner in der gegenständlichen Umsetzung der Lösung dergestalt, dass keinerlei mechanisch bewegte Komponenten erforderlich sind und die Anordnung als solche sich insgesamt mit hoher mechanischer Präzision bei geringstem Aufwand fertigbar ist, sowie eine hohe Toleranz gegenüber unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen gewährleistet (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, aggressive Medien) (12).It is also an object of the invention to implement the solution in such a way that no mechanically moving components are required and the arrangement as such can be manufactured overall with a high level of mechanical precision with the least effort, and a high tolerance to different environmental conditions is guaranteed (temperature, air humidity , aggressive media) (12 ).
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 11.The object is achieved by an arrangement with the featuresof claim 1 solved. Advantageous refinements of the invention resultthemselves from the features of claims 2 to 11.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird in Wellenausbreitungsrichtung im Quellfeld eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes der Quelle I eine vorzugsweise planare oder dreidimensionale Anordnung II, welche durch ihren Aufbau und geometrische Positionierung in ihrer Funktionalität an die zu lösende Aufgabe angepasst wird (gemäßAbb. 1). Mit Hilfe der Anordnung II werden die komplexen H- bzw. E-Komponenten des elektromagnetischen Feldes durch steuerbare Überlagerung mit Hilfe der Anordnung II erfindungsgemäß synthetisiert (Abb. 2). Die geometrische Fixierung der Anordnung II im Bereich des Quellfeldes erfolgt anhand einer Aperturebene III und umfasst einen Aperturraum IV und ist aufgabenspezifisch bzw. lösungsspezifisch.According to the invention, in the wave propagation direction in the source field of an alternating electromagnetic field, the source I becomes a preferably planar or three-dimensional arrangement II, which is adapted in its functionality and functionality to the task to be solved (according toFIG. 1). With the help of the arrangement II, the complex H or E components of the electromagnetic field are synthesized according to the invention by controllable superimposition with the aid of the arrangement II (FIG. 2). The geometrical fixation of the arrangement II in the area of the source field takes place on the basis of an aperture level III and comprises an aperture space IV and is task-specific or solution-specific.
Die Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe (7) erfolgt weiterhin durch die Gestaltung der Anordnung II in Form einer EM-Quellfeldsynthese durch vorzugsweise planare oder dreidimensionale Strahlerelemente (VI), die vorzugsweise parallel zur Aperturebene III und IV auf einem geeigneten, vorzugsweise dielektrischen Träger (V) aufgebracht sind und in ihrer Anordnung aufgabenspezifisch verteilt sind und durch Steuerelemente bestimmter hochfrequenter Transmissionseigenschaften verbunden sind (VII) (Abb. 3). Die Anordnung der Strahlerelemente ist grundsätzlich im Bereich des Aperturraumes, welcher durch die beiden Aperturebenen eingeschlossen wird, lösungsspezifisch vorzugsweise parallel oder dreidimensional zur Aperturebene.The object (7 ) according to the invention is further achieved by designing the arrangement II in the form of an EM source field synthesis using preferably planar or three-dimensional radiator elements (VI), which are preferably parallel to the aperture planes III and IV on a suitable, preferably dielectric carrier (V) are applied and distributed in their arrangement in a task-specific manner and are connected by control elements of certain high-frequency transmission properties (VII) (Fig. 3). The arrangement of the radiator elements is in the area of the aperture space, which is enclosed by the two aperture levels, in a solution-specific manner, preferably parallel or three-dimensional to the aperture level.
Die Generierung des parasitären Quellfeldes im Bereich des Aperturraumes erfolgt durch eine steuerbare Wechselwirkung der Strahlerelemente mit dem Quellfeld der Quelle1 (passiv) oder lösungsspezifisch durch Überlagerung des Quellfeldes mit verstärkender Wirkung (aktiv) bzw. Speisung der Strahler durch eine zum Quellfeld in determinierter Beziehung (Phase und Amplitude) stehende Anregung (Fremdspeisung).The generation of the parasitic source field in the area of the aperture space takes place through a controllable interaction of the radiator elements with the source field of source1 (passive) or solution-specific by overlaying the source field with a reinforcing effect (active) or feeding the radiators through a relationship that is determined to the source field ( Phase and amplitude) standing excitation (external supply).
Die Ausführung der Strahler oder Strahlerpaare erfolgt erfindungsgemäß aufgabenspezifisch als planare Flächenstrahler, Dipol- oder Monopolanordnungen, Kombinationen aus vorgenannten oder sogenannten Aperturstrahlern. Die Anordnung der Strahlerelemente erfolgt in einer der Aufgabe angepassten Winkelbeziehung (α, β) zur Aperturebene, vorzugsweise in orthogonaler Richtung (Abb. 4).According to the invention, the emitters or pairs of emitters are designed to be task-specific as planar surface emitters, dipole or monopole arrangements, combinations of the aforementioned or so-called aperture emitters. The radiator elements are arranged in an angular relationship (α, β) to the aperture level, preferably in the orthogonal direction (Fig. 4).
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Aufgabe (4,5) erfolgt durch zeitliche Steuerung der Phasen- und Amplitudenbeziehung von einzelnen oder Gruppen von Strahlerpaaren gemäß der zu lösenden Aufgabe.The problem (4 ,5 ) according to the invention is achieved by timing the phase and amplitude relationship of individual or groups of radiator pairs in accordance with the problem to be solved.
Die Gewinnung der zugeordneten Informationen (Richtung, Vektor) wird mit Hilfe der externen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit in der Form vorgenommen, dass über einen oder mehrere Mikroprozessoren die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung gesteuert wird und über die verknüpfte Auswertung der Amplituden und Phasenlage der signalbehandelten Empfangssignalkomponenten eine eindeutige Zuordnung über die vektorielle Lage und zeitlichen vektoriellen Fortschritt des Ereignisses ermöglicht (Abb. 5).The associated information (direction, vector) is obtained with the aid of the external control and evaluation unit in such a way that the arrangement according to the invention is controlled via one or more microprocessors and a clear assignment is made via the linked evaluation of the amplitudes and phase position of the signal-treated received signal components about the vectorial location and temporal vectorial progress of the event (Fig. 5).
Die Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe (8) erfolgt durch das Einbetten der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung II n einen geeigneten niederdielektrischen Kunststoff mit geringen dielektrischen Verlustfaktor und geringer Dielektrizitätskonstante, dergestalt, dass die Anordnung von einem vorzugsweise geschlossenzelligen, oberflächlich verhauteten Polyurethanhartschaum eines Volumengewichtes zwischen 120 kg/m3. . . 250 kg/m3 vollständig umschlossen wird.The object (8 ) according to the invention is achieved by embedding the arrangement IIn according to the invention in a suitable low-dielectric plastic with a low dielectric loss factor and a low dielectric constant, in such a way that the arrangement consists of a preferably closed-cell, superficially skin-bound rigid polyurethane foam with a volume weight between 120 kg / m3 , , , 250 kg / m3 is completely enclosed.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung soll anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert werden.The solution according to the invention will be explained using an exemplary embodiment.
In derAbb. 6 ist die EM-Feldsteuermatrix für den Fall der kreisrunden Apertur des Quellfeldes für die Nutzung in einem Reflektorantennensystem gem.Abb. 7 dargestellt.Fig. 6 shows the EM field control matrix for the case of the circular aperture of the source field for use in a reflector antenna system in accordance with.Fig. 7 shown.
An den Stellen6.2 befindet sich jeweils ein Paar von Strahlerelementen, welches als Linearstrahler in Dipolform ausgebildet ist und orthogonal zur Darstellungsebene mit dem Netzwerk verbunden ist. An den Stellen6.2 wird je ein Strahlerpaar durch ein Bauelement, in diesem Fall eine geeignete PIN Diode, miteinander verbunden. Durch die räumliche Verteilung der Strahlerpaare insgesamt und den Abstand und die Länge der Einzelstrahlen wird die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe gelöst. Die Ansteuerung der Strahlerpaare erfolgt durch den Logikbaustein an der Stelle6.3, der gleichzeitig die Verbindung zur Auswerte- und Steuereinheit über die Schnittstelle6.5 realisiert.At locations6.2 there is a pair of radiator elements, which is designed as a linear radiator in dipole form and is connected to the network orthogonally to the display level. At points6.2 , a pair of radiators is connected to one another by a component, in this case a suitable PIN diode. The task according to the invention is achieved by the spatial distribution of the radiator pairs as a whole and the distance and the length of the individual beams. The control of the radiator pairs is carried out by the logic module at point6.3 , which at the same time realizes the connection to the evaluation and control unit via interface6.5 .
Die Anschaltung der Steuerleitungen und der hochfrequenten Wellenleiter erfolgt im Ausführungsbeispiel in Microstriptechnik.The control lines and the high-frequency waveguide are connected in theEmbodiment in microstrip technology.
Der dielektrische Träger6.4 wurde im Ausführungsbeispiel zwecks Minimierung der Verluste mittig mit einer Aussparung versehen, welche in einem Verhältnis mit der Apertur des Quellstrahlers korreliert.In order to minimize the losses, the dielectric carrier6.4 was provided in the middle with a cutout which correlates in a ratio with the aperture of the source radiator.
In derAbb. 7 ist die Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten für den Fall des Einsatzes in einer Offset-Reflektorantenne wiedergegeben.Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the components according to the invention for use in an offset reflector antenna.
Die Reflektorantenne1 und das Empfangssystem (LNB oder LNC)2 stellen die übliche Anordnung dar. Die Antennenanordnung sei mit einem Positioniersystem in Azimut und Elevation verbunden. Zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe wird die EM-Feldsteuermatrix3 zwischen Reflektor und Horn des LNB fest angebracht und zwar in einem Abstand v. 2 cm von der Hornaußenkante. Das vom LNC abgebende Signal5 wird der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit6 zugeführt und von dieser unbeeinflusst wieder abgegeben7. Intern erfolgt eine Leistungsteilung zwecks Signalweiterverarbeitung. Die EM-Feldsteuermatrix ist mit der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit durch ein Buskabel5 verbunden. In der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit erfolgen Signalverarbeitung und -auswertung erfindungsgemäß. Die gewonnenen Richtungsinformationen werden über ein entsprechendes Bussystem8 an das herkömmliche elektromechanische Positioniersystem weitergegeben, zum Zweck der Nachführung der Antenne auf ein bewegtes Ziel (Satellitenempfang während der Fahrt mit einem Boot).The reflector antenna1 and the receiving system (LNB or LNC)2 represent the usual arrangement. The antenna arrangement is connected to a positioning system in azimuth and elevation. To achieve the object of the invention, the EM field control matrix3 is firmly attached between the reflector and the horn of the LNB, namely at a distance v. 2 cm from the outer edge of the horn. The signal5 emitted by the LNC is fed to the evaluation and control unit6 and is emitted7 again without being influenced by it. Power is shared internally for signal processing. The EM field control matrix is connected to the evaluation and control unit by a bus cable5 . According to the invention, signal processing and evaluation take place in the evaluation and control unit. The directional information obtained is passed on to the conventional electromechanical positioning system via a corresponding bus system8 , for the purpose of tracking the antenna to a moving target (satellite reception while traveling with a boat).
Die Änderung der Strahlbeeinflussung wird adaptiv mit der Änderung der Nachführaufgabe vorgenommen.The change in the beam influence becomes adaptive with the change in the tracking taskperformed.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041996ADE10041996A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| DE10193204TDE10193204D2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| AU2001283799AAU2001283799A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams |
| EP01962629AEP1312135B1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams |
| AT01962629TATE308806T1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ALTERNATING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND/OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS |
| PCT/DE2001/003066WO2002013310A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams |
| DE50107929TDE50107929D1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHES AND / OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041996ADE10041996A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10041996A1true DE10041996A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10041996AWithdrawnDE10041996A1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| DE50107929TExpired - LifetimeDE50107929D1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHES AND / OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS |
| DE10193204TExpired - Fee RelatedDE10193204D2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50107929TExpired - LifetimeDE50107929D1 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHES AND / OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS |
| DE10193204TExpired - Fee RelatedDE10193204D2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and or antennas and antenna diagrams |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1312135B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE308806T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001283799A1 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE10041996A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002013310A1 (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014094698A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Epak Gmbh | Arrangement and method for electronically tracking rf reflector antennas |
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