CN85105453A - Ultrasonic non-destructive pipeline flaw detection system - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

一个测量核动力蒸汽发生器中热交换管的探伤区内管壁蚀减范围的测量系统，利用一个超声波装置在受蚀的管内作螺旋形移动，该管内充以一种液体(如水)以使超声波的衰耗最小。设有控制装置与超声波装置相配合而制出反应探伤区内管壁厚度的图象。

A measurement system for measuring the erosion range of the tube wall in the flaw detection area of the heat exchange tube in a nuclear power steam generator, using an ultrasonic device to move in a spiral shape in the corroded tube, which is filled with a liquid (such as water) so that Ultrasound has minimal attenuation. A control device is provided to cooperate with an ultrasonic device to produce an image reflecting the thickness of the pipe wall in the flaw detection area.

Description

Ultrasonic non-destructive pipe testing system

The present invention relates to the checking system of tubular product, particularly be related to tube wall and in use stand to degrade those products with attenuate.Specifically.The present invention relates to the fault detection system of the weakened region of checking tube wall and the system of definite " loss " scope (the material volume of promptly scrapping).Simultaneously, the present invention can be used for checking the tubular product of any pattern, and is specially adapted to check the heat-exchange tube of nuclear power steam generator.

A nuclear power steam generator includes the spaced upright pipe of many pros, and their lower end puts in the tube sheet, and a liquid that heated from the nuclear reactor core circulation promptly circulates in these pipes.Simultaneously, secondary liquid (being so-called feedwater) is then in the pipe outer circulation, and will manage heat transferred in the interior liquid round the secondary liquid of pipe by heat interchange, makes a part of secondary liquid be converted into steam.

Sediment deposits inevitably from feedwater, and accumulates generation so-called " fouling " along shell.The chemical quality that this fouling has changed feedwater is corroding outer tube surface, thereby is causing local plaque, corrosion losses or the crackle of pipe.And because the result of pipe wear etc. reduces the mechanical stress of whole pipe.

The isolation with between radioactive liquid and secondary liquid in nuclear power steam generator is extremely important.Therefore means of testing in the prior art is the integrity that adopts the pipe of test generator.A kind of checking measure like this is that the probe of a sense faults is injected in the pipe, recalls it with a constant speed then.In leaning out pipe certain is partly during defectiveness, and then the employing way that adds sleeve pipe compensates, and also promptly adds to make pipe return to its normal heat-exchange capacity by auxiliary sleeve pipe whereby in defective pipe.

Usually testing conduit well is not to adopt eddy-current technique, sets up an electromagnetic field by a probe that is:, induces vortex flow thus on tube wall, detects with the sensor in the probe then.The size of eddy current changes with the unevenness on the tube wall.Thereby detect and characterize the pipe erosion of many types with eddy-current technique, for example crackle, plaque, wearing and tearing etc. are successful.Yet the result that this class technology draws when detecting size less than about 10% unevenness of pipe thickness is also unreliable.Thereby when must the feature of damaged tubular accurately being characterized, so that the performance that is characterized was estimated, eddy current testing method always can not meet the demands.For instance, accurately estimate the erosion or the wearing and tearing of pipe, i.e. tube wall attenuation degree, it needs data, i.e. the relevant data of material volume that lost with tube wall.Even polishing scratch is very shallow, this volume still may be considerable if the area that accounts for is very big.And eddy-current technique can not accurately detect and characterize for thin like that polishing scratch.

The present invention relates to a kind of improved pipe fault detection system, it is those shortcomings of existing fault detection system not, and have increased some advantages at structure and operating aspect.

Catalogue of the present invention be: provide a kind of and can detect and express the quite little pipe fault detection system of tube wall unevenness, comprise detecting change in size those defectives less than pipe thickness about 10% through improving; A fault detection system that utilizes ultrasonic technology to detect the tube wall attenuation is provided; Provide an aforementioned fault detection system that can produce enough data, with the material volume of determining to lose from tube wall; An aforesaid fault detection system is provided, and it can produce the tube wall that three-dimensional profile diagram is represented attenuation; And the improvement system that an aforementioned type is provided, it can make ultrasonic probe location and mobile on detected pipeline exactly.

Realization above and other purpose of the present invention is by providing such system to reach, and this system determines have much in the zone of deteriorating of the heat-exchange tube tube wall of nuclear power steam generator.This system includes: the ultrasonic unit of belt sensor and controller, sensor are launched ultrasound wave according to the control of controller and are accepted to be parallel to usually the reflection wave of emission shaft; With the drive unit that sensor couples mutually, be used for making sensor axis to mobile along the district of detecting a flaw in a pipe rotatably with become the width of cloth to penetrate axle with pipe to the width of cloth of arranging, consequently retouch out a spiral trajectory along tube wall; Controller, the ultrasound wave that response reflects back from the tube wall surfaces externally and internally, thereby the thickness signal of generation inditron wall thickness; Position signalling generating means, the axial and angle position of indication sensor in pipeline respectively; The treating apparatus of response thickness signal and position signalling was used for making around whole garden week, and along giving the pipe thickness figure of fixed axial length, thereby provide the pipe thickness figure of a pipe thickness weakened section.

For the ease of understanding the present invention, accompanying drawing shows a preferable embodiment, with reference to this figure, is readily appreciated that structure of the present invention, operation and many advantages in conjunction with following explanation.

Fig. 1 is the partial sectional view of the lower end of nuclear power steam generator container, and the fault detection system in the preferred embodiment of the present invention schematically is described;

Fig. 2 is the block scheme of a preferred embodiment of fault detection system among the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the amplification front view of control box in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the installation of explanation probe rackwork and the part longitudinal profile enlarged drawing of use-pattern;

Fig. 5 is the partial front cut-open view of the probe rackwork of Fig. 4, and container cover is removed;

Fig. 6 is the probe rackwork end face view of Fig. 5,counterclockwise rotation 90 °;

Fig. 7 is the sectional side view of the probe rackwork of Fig. 6, and a bottom side-looking and a part shell remove;

Fig. 8 is the facade view of the probe rackwork of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is the side-looking enlarged drawing of probe assembly;

Figure 10 is the top view of liquid coupling device;

Figure 11 is the part cutaway view Amplified image of Figure 10 device, takes from profile line 11-11;

Figure 12 is the part cutaway view Amplified image of Figure 10 device, takes from profile line 12-12;

Figure 13 A and 13B are the electric hookups of control and data processing circuit;

Figure 14 is the planimetric map of a centering ring of Fig. 9 probe assembly; And

Fig. 5 is the two-dimensional representation of one section transducer wall ' s abrasion being produced by the circuit of Figure 13 A and 13B, and is presented on the oscillograph in the control box.

Explain the fault detection system that characteristics constituted and implemented according to the present invention referring now to accompanying drawing 1～3, indicate with label 20.This fault detection system is specially adapted in the nuclear power steam generation station, in more detail, as shown in the figure, such steam generation station includes: a steam generator, its lower end be part spherical housing 22 and to have among one or more manhole 23(figure be one), can enter incell 24 with the person who happens to be on hand for an errand.The top of acell 24 entirely covers with a gardenshape tube sheet 25, and many vertical holes are arranged on this tube sheet, and the lower end of manyheat exchange tubes 26 promptly is inserted in these holes, only shows a wherein part among the figure.These pipes can be inverted U-shaped and be located at the top oftube sheet 25 so that carry out heat interchange with its make-up water on every side.

Everypipe 26 has garden cylindricality tube wall 27(and sees Fig. 4).As everyone knows,tube wall 27 its outside surfaces in use can form wall and decreasedistrict 28 because of the erosion of friction and other type, causetube wall 27 attenuation and injure pipe integral intensity.Thisfault detection system 20 promptly is a system that is used to check everypipe 26 and determines these transducer wall ' s abrasion degree.

With reference to Fig. 2, in generalfault detection system 20 includes acontrol box 30, and this control box andplug connector 60 are coupled, and is used for drivingultrasonic probe assembly 40 and axially enters a relevant pipe 26.Thiscontrol box 30 also comprises a ultrasonicthickness measurement unit 39, and it joins withplug connector 60 bycable 105 so that driving pulse is sent toprobe assembly 40 and from receiving the signal ofrelevant tube wall 27 thickness send here.Also have control anddata processing circuit 130 to be also included within thecontrol box 30, it joins bycable 107 andplug connector 60, so as with driving electric be transferred to 60 and by therelevant probe assembly 40 of reception axially and angle position signal.Control anddata processing circuit 130 are handled position and thickness signal from ultrasonicthickness measurement unit 39, and produce a thickness figure that shows the flaw detection district oftube wall 27 onoscillograph 31.

Anair conduit 78 is connected to compressed air source in order to operate relevant cam locked assembly withplug connector 60, and this point is described as follows.Topass probe assembly 40 through the coupling liquid ofconduits 120 and be charged to thepipe 26 from couplingliquid device 110, this couplingliquid device 110 be controlled bycable 129 by control and data processing circuit 130.Can be temporarily stored in theblattnerphone 158 from the data ofprobe assembly 40 andplug connector 60, and the signal that shows onoscillograph 31 also outputs in the X-Y plotter 159.For the shows signal with on the ultrasonicthickness measurement unit 39 on theoscillograph 31 is noted, anoscillography camera 170 and/or TV camera 171 also can be set and see Fig. 2) with blattnerphone 172(.

Fault detection system 20 includes acontrol box 30, and many control assemblies and display device are wherein arranged.Can see that with reference to Fig. 2 and 3 thiscontrol box 30 includes anoscillograph 31 andmany instrument 32,33 and 34, can be reometer, in order to monitor Control current, explains in detail and see below.Many gauge tap 35,36,37,38 and 135 are set so thatoperating system 20 is carried out every work on the preceding screen ofcontrol box 30, also explain in after.What be installed incontrol box 30 bottoms is that a ultrasonic thickness measurement unit 39(is the square shown in Fig. 2 topmost), this unit can be the trade mark of selling on the market and is " NOVASCOPE ", and model is NO.2000 products by the operation of NDT instrument company.The work of thisthickness measure element 39 will explain in detail in after.

Refer again to Fig. 4 now, 5 and 9, on the figure probe assembly of working withthickness measure element 39, its whole label is 40.Probe assembly 40 includes an elongated tubular element 41(Fig. 9), it has one section expansion throughsection 42,42 are provided with the outlet opening 43 that radially leads to the outside, be provided with agroove 44 in order to installingultrasonic sensor 45 in a side that expands throughsection 42, this sensor produces ultrasound wave and radially ultrasonic emitting is gone out by window 46.Removing expansion aroundtubular element 41 also has many ataxial separation scraper 47 and the centering ring of alternately arranging 48 spaced apart from each other outside section 42.Centering ring 48 preferably has the shape (seeing Figure 14) that radially extendedpliable teeth 49 forms roses, and its maximum outside diameter preferably is substantially equal to the internal diameter of thepipe 26 of being correlated with.Therefore, whenprobe assembly 40 was axially injected in thepipe 26, centeringring 48 will flexibly and slidably match with the inside surface ofpipe 26, and kept the position ofprobe 40 coaxial withpipe 26 basically, saw that Fig. 4 is promptly clear.Expansion is smaller a little like the internal diameter ofpipe 26 through the diameter ofsection 42.

The lower end oftubular element 41 is connected to a regulator 50(and sees Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).More particularly,regulator 50 has theend 51 of an internal thread, and the external thread oftubular element 41 lower ends connects P52 can be screwed into its (see figure 9).The lower end ofregulator 50 is provided with a nose 53(Fig. 5), it is inserted in the end of relevant pliabilityhollow drive shaft 55, and forms the scalable connection, and 55 outer end then is plugged on theprotruding junction surface 56 that is located on the regulator 57.As seen if necessary, utilize suitable regulator that several sectionsflexible drive shaft 55 are connected with each other, just can obtain the axle of desired random length.Thetubular element 41 that reachesprobe assembly 40 throughflexible drive shaft 55 has an elongate cable 54, and an end and thesensor 45 of cable join.Preferably on cable 54, establish some terminal box 59(and see Fig. 5) obtain any needed length so that multistage cable 54 purpose on request linked together.Cable 54 transmits the signal ofsensor 45 to and fro, also will carefully say below.Be provided with externalthread male member 58 in the lower end ofregulator 57.

Probe assembly 40 and subsidiary flexible drive shaft thereof 55 are matched and receive in the plug connector 60.With reference to detail drawing 4-8,plug connector 60 have one flat, be generally leg-of-mutton pedestal 61,protection type casing 62 is housed on it.This casing includes arear wall 63, antetheca 64, andsidewall 65 and 66, and abase plate 67, the upper end ofcasing 62 is covered by a cover plate 61.Thecarriage 69 that has a handle 68 to be installed on therear wall 63 is fixed, and utilizes it to be easy to hand-held movingplug connector 60.

Be installed in hanginglypedestal 61 opposite end be two cam gate valve assemblies, whole label is 70.Each camgate valve assembly 70 includes a cylinder 71, wherein is provided with piston rod or guidingvalve 72, and the respective openings on 72 processes of piston rod or guidingvalve pedestal 61 protrudes upward.The diameter of guidingvalve 72 is significantly less than the internal diameter ofpipe 26, and acone point 73 is arranged, so that be inserted in the pipe 26.What be trapped among guidingvalve 72 outsides is anexpansion sleeve 74, which is provided with some width of cloth to catch-hook 75.When guidingvalve 72 was upward throughexpansion sleeve 74 and moves, catch-hook opened and makes it and the inside surface ofcorresponding pipe 26 moves (see figure 4) with friction mode.

So, in use these two camgate valve assemblies 70 are just brought in the twotubes 26 byexpansion sleeve 74, thereby the jail makesplug connector 60 be attached on the bottom surface oftube sheet 25 regularly.Thepositioning boss 76 that is located in thesubstrate 61 is engaged in and the suitable distance of its base plate maintenance the bottom surface oftube sheet 75 and plug connector 60.To match with the Guan Zhen of a constant pitch in the nuclear power steam generator of a concrete pattern by following plug connector as can be known 60.It is to arrange like this, after promptly camgate valve assembly 70 installs, as shown in Figure 4, inpipe 26, also will explain below in the middle of it is fixed onplug connector 60 to be suitable forprobe assembly 40 is inserted into.The pipe battle array that does not wait for pitch then adopts the unequal plug connector of spread length, and its camgate valve assembly 70 has unequal spacing.Below will see clearly, camgate valve assembly 70 will be seen Fig. 2 and Fig. 7 by conduit 78() and an auxiliary compressed air source coupling.

Plug connector 60 comprises a drive unit, and its whole label is 80.Drive unit 80 comprises a reversible gear motor 81.One pinion wheel 82 is housed on 81 output shaft, and it and axially extendedspur gear 83 are with screw-threaded engagement, andspur gear 83 also can screw-threaded engagement with thecarrier wheel 84 on the hollowtubular shaft 85 that is fixed on extension.Axle 85 is bearing on the radial journal bearing 86 by the axle envelope that is fixed on thepedestal 61, and extends upward by an opening in the pedestal 61.The part ofaxle 85 belowadjacent carrier wheel 84 and tappedaxle sleeve 87 are with screw-threaded engagement.Belowpedestal 61 andaxle sleeve 87, several inches spaces are arranged all.Preferably establish several limit switch (not shown), beforeaxle 85 just arrives its axial stroke ends, with the gear motor dump, with prevent to damage carrier wheel andpedestal 61 engage or with the engagement ofaxle sleeve 87.

The upper end ofaxle 85 is provided with aconnector 89, in order to a flexiblehollow seal 90 to be installed.The external diameter of sealing is more much bigger than the internal diameter ofrelevant pipe 26, it rotationally with hollow tapped joint 91 couplings, joint 91 links to each other withaxle 85 with the lower end withflexible driving shaft 55 with threaded engagement with the male contact of connector 57.Soaxle 85 is done axially and rotated when moving, also corresponding work offlexible driving shaft 55 andprobe assembly 40 axially moved with rotation.

Aspur gear 83 and agear 92 engaged (Fig. 5 and Fig. 7) that is fixed on 93 of the circular encoders.This scrambler can be a pot, and it will produce the angle position signal indication of anaxle 85 and sensor 45.Plug connector 60 also comprises a linear encoder 94(Fig. 7), this scrambler also can be the pot of a band slider, slider (not expression on the figure) fixes by asupport 106 ofaxle 85 bands.So whenaxle 85 moved axially, slider also moved, so thatscrambler 94 produces the axial location signal indication of anaxle 85 and sensor 45.These signals fromscrambler 93 and 94 are delivered to control anddata processing circuit 130 by conductor 108 and 109 respectively through cable 107.The method will be described in more detail below.

Belowaxle sleeve 87,cover card 95 is roundaxle 85 and block axle,cover card 95 has suitable ring seal (not shown),cover card 95 extends throughdiapire 63 by suitable conduit (not shown)links joint 96, for the coupling liquid of fluidtransfer coupling device 110 back and forth,joint 96 is equally also linked on the conduit 120.On theshaft part 85 incover card 95 an eyelet (not shown) is arranged, coupling liquid is incorporated in the hollow tubular axis, this section conduit has sufficient length, to adapt to moving axially ofaxle 85.

By suitable several pneumatic conduit (see figure 8) by the joint in thediapire 63 with each camgate valve assembly 70 link to each other with each conduit 97 (Fig. 5 and 7), successively,conduit 97 is linked anoperation valve 98,operation valve 98 links to each other withvalve 99,valve 99 is linkedconduit 78 by suitable joint, leads to compressed air source (Fig. 2 and 7).Operation valve 98 is established atrigger switch 98a(Fig. 8 on diapire 63), in order to control selectively to which conduit 97 air supplies.When to conduit 97 air supplies, air is sent to the lower end of cylinder 71 in order to the elongation guiding valve, and whenother conduit 97 air supplies, air is sent to the upper end of cylinder 71, and guiding valve is recalled.

The lower end ofaxle 85 links to each other with acollector ring 102 withsocket 101 by asuitable contact maker 100, duringaxle 85 rotations,collector ring 102 keeps electric the contact with cable 54, andcollector ring 102 is by being contained on thesupport 106 and can linking to each other with aconnector 103 at thesupport 104 that it moves there.Connector 103 is by one sectionconcentric cable 104a(Fig. 7) link thereceptacle terminal 104b last (Fig. 5 and 8) in therear wall 63,joint 104b connectscable 105 and leads tocontrol box 30 then.The end of thissection cable 104a is a matchedimpedance 105a(Fig. 5).This shows that various signals processconcentric cable 105,cut cable 104a,collector ring 102 and cable 54 are in ultrasonicthickness measurement element 39 and 40 transmission of probe assembly.

Referring now to Figure 10-12,,liquid coupling device 110 comprises a similar box-like chest 111, chest 111 is established aremovable cap 112, areservoir vessel 113 is equipped with in the chest the inside, it can make plastic bottle or similar switch, the upper end ofcontainer 113 is provided with an opening, to hold a three-way connection 114.Conduit 115 extends near the bottom ofcontainer 113, byjoint 114, up to the inlet of pump 116.Pump 116 is driven bypump motor 116a, and the outlet ofpump 116 reaches in thethreeway 118 by aconduit 117, and threeway 118 is linkedconduit 120 through ajoint 119 that covers in 112 successively, leads to plug connector 60.In order to prevent to flow backwards, preferably this pump is equipped with reverse checkvalve.

Anotherconduit 121 extends to the outlet of movingelectromagnetic valve 122 fromthreeway 118, andconduit 123 is linked invalve 122 outlets, andconduit 123 extends to the bottom ofcontainer 113 by joint 114.Anotherconduit 124 extends to anexhaust joint 125 that covers on 112 fromjoint 114, in order to the air of amount discharge container 113.Also be provided with anelectrical wiring post 126 at lid on 112, by this bindingpost 126 will with so that charged eachconductor 128 ofvalve 122 with so that eachconductor 127 thatpump motor 116a switches on link to each other.Theseconductors 127 and 128 have constituted the part of thecable 129 that extends between the control ofliquid coupling device 110 andcontrol box 30 anddata processing circuit 130.

In operation, when needs are transported toplug connector 60 with coupling liquid, valve-off 122,priming pump 116 is got toplug connector 60 with liquid from container 113.During UT (Ultrasonic Testing),stop pump 116,valve 122 is promptly protected to squeeze and is closed.In order to reclaim coupling liquid,open valve 122, rely on the gravity coupling liquid promptly to flow back in thecontainer 113.

Referring now to Figure 13 A and 13B control and data processing circuit are described.In order to see circuit diagram, Figure 13 A and 13B should be engaged earlier.Control anddata processing circuit 130 comprisebuffer amplifier 131 and 132.Each buffer amplifier is preferably single gain work amplifier circuit, and the input of this amplifier links to each other respectively with from the next conductor 108 and 109 of the output place extension of rotary encoder in theplug connector 60 93 and linear encoder 94.A thickness indicator signal from ultrasonicthickness measurement element 39, supply with the double gain input end ofdouble amplification totalizer 134 byconductor 133, the outside input end oftotalizer 134 links to each other with the output ofbuffer amplifier 132, the output oftotalizer 134 is added on the fixed contact of the C utmost point of a triple-pole double throw selector switch with b, C utmost point, more specifically say, selector switch L135 has one group oftravelling contact 136a, 136b and 136c, first group of fixedcontact 137a, 137b, 137c and second group of fixed contact 138a, 138b and 138c.When operate as normal, travellingcontact 136a-c joins with fixedcontact 137a-c respectively.

Movable connection 136a-c also links to each other with each conductor of (see figure 2) ofcable 139 respectively, andcable 139 extends on theoscillograph 31 ofcontrol box 30 from control and data processing circuit 130.Say that more specifically travellingcontact 136a links the blanking circuit ofoscillograph 31, travelling contact 136b links to each other with vertical input with the level ofoscillograph 31 respectively with 136c.Fixedcontact 137a links to each other with the output of theexclusive circuit 150 that comprises two operational amplifiers, and two inputs of 150 link to each other with the output ofbuffer amplifier 131, also link on thefixed contact 137b.

So as seen, whenselector switch 135 was in normal position as Figure 13 a and 13b, the signal that comes from the horizontal level that is equivalent tosensor 45 ofrotary encoder 93 was delivered to oscillographic level input through " b " ofbuffer amplifier 131 and switch 135 utmost point.Exclusive circuit 150 produces a closed venation simultaneously and dashes according to the angle position signal work of the sawtooth voltage that is produced by rotary encoder.This pulse is added tooscillograph 31 throughswitch 135 " a " utmost point, to eliminate the return line that oscillograph shows.From theexpression sensor 45 oflinear encoder 94 axially or vertical position signal, at first in totalizer with twice addition from the thickness signal of ultrasonicthickness measurement element 39, after " C " utmost point ofswitch 135 is added in the oscillographic vertical input.

For later use, position and thickness signal also are stored in themagnetic tape recorder 158 simultaneously.Like this,buffer amplifier 131 and 132 output and the thickness signal on theconductor 133 are added to respectively in the input of work amplifier circuit 140,141,142, and 140,141,142 lead-out terminal 143,144,145 is through cable 157(Fig. 2) respectively the input with blattnerphone 158 link to each other.

An importance of the present invention is that what to show on theoscillograph 31 is from the signal that is stored on themagnetic tape recorder 158, rather than directly comes the signal sinceplug connector 60 and 39 receptions of ultrasonic thickness measurement element.Like this, thetravelling contact 136a-C ofswitching selection switch 135 just contacts with fixed contact 138a-C respectively.Contact 138C links to each other with the output ofwork amplifier totalizer 149, and 149 input links to each other with the output ofamplifier circuit 147 with 148 of working respectively, and the latter's input end is the input end of double amplification.Contact 138b links the output terminal ofwork amplifier circuit 146; Contact 138 is linked the output terminal ofexclusive circuit 151; 151 input links to each other with the output ofwork amplifier circuit 146; Work amplifier circuit 146,147,148 is linked in the output ofmagnetic tape recorder 158 respectively through conductor 161,162,163, and conductor 161,162,163 transmits angle and radial position signal and thickness signal respectively.Conductor 161,162,163 one-tenth see Fig. 2 inmagnetic tape recorder 158 and control and data processing circuit 130() between the part of thecable 160 that extends.Being sent to the level ofoscillograph 31 and vertical signal also can be sent to an X-Y byconductor 164 and 164a and paint (see figure 2) on thedevice 159.

Control anddata processing circuit 130 also comprise amotor control circuit 152, and the lead-outterminal 153 on thecircuit 152 is added to power supply on the gear motor 81 of thedrive unit 80 in theplug connector 60 by cable 107.Motor control circuit 152 comprises bipolar, double-throw switch 35, this switch is contained in control box 30(and sees Fig. 3) header board on.Switch 35 deflection normal turn-off (OFF) positions and can moving up and down respectively move ahead (FWD) and reverse (REV) position, insert or withdraw from order to the rotation direction and theoperation probe assembly 40 of control gear motor 81.

Control circuit 140 also by one pole, single-throw switch 36 and 37 respectively to the output terminal power supply ofsolenoid valve 127 and 128, throughcable 129 controlelectromagnetic valve 127 and 128 and thepump motor 116a ofliquid coupling device 110 respectively.Ammeter 32,33 and 34 is connected with lead-out terminal 153,127 and 128 respectively, in order to the electric current on indication gear motor 81,solenoid valve 122 and the pump motor 116a.Equally, in each exciting circuit, connectlight emitting diode 155, an indication directly perceived is arranged when these power on circuitry.B⁺And B^-By the work amplifier power supply ofpower circuit 158 for control and treatment circuit 130,158 pass through " on-off "power switch 38 links to each other with 117 volts of alternating current circuits, andlight emitting diode 155 of cross-over connection is to provide the indication of energized on two lead-out terminals of power supply.Preferably the input end of 156 pairs ofmotor control circuits 152 of power supply also provides 24 volts of direct supplys.

See Figure 15 now again, describe with reference to its work to check system 20.Figure 15 be a width of cloth oninspection 20 pairs of pipes ofsystem 26 hinder the pipe of doing onoscillograph 31, to describe the flaw detection back in the district curve map that deteriorates.Plug connector 60 andrelevant probe apparatus 20 are brought into 21 li of the cells of steam generator bymanhole 23 by a staff, the remainder of check system is placed on the outside of acell 21 of steam generator, for example in a corresponding monitoring trailer, link to each other by cable shown in Figure 20 withplug connector 60.

Routinely, the possible district of deteriorating reserves the position with other inspection technique on the tube wall.For givenpipeline 26, choose theflexible driving shaft 55 of sufficient length, to enable to reach the predetermined flaw detection district of hindering the zone position vicinity of tube wall.When the flexible drive shaft of suitable length connects withaxle 85, and when the not end of flexible driving shaft has been loaded ontoprobe apparatus 40,probe apparatus 40 is inserted in the selectedpipe 26, and personnel selection advances it inpipe 26, enterpipe 26 up to whole length, then, artificially plug connector is upwards lifted, entered thepipe 26 of selection, be inserted into the position, upper end ofaxle 85,plug connector 60 location are so that the upper end of camorientation expansion sleeve 74 is included intocontiguous pipe 26 respectively, as shown in Figure 4.Be pressed over until positioningboss 76 on the basal surface oftube sheet 25,trigger switch 98a on theplug connector shell 62 promptly moves, and by the method known to top, pressurized air is conducted to the lower end of cam gate valve cylinder 71, guidingvalve 72 elongations are opened catch-hook 75, andplug connector 60 is fixing tight attube sheet 25 places.

This shows, whenprobe assembly 40 injectspipe 26, centeringring 48 flexiblely movably contacts with the inside surface ofpipe 26, to keep the center ofsensor 45 atpipe 26, simultaneously, sealing 90 engages slidably with the inside surface around the pipe is also flexible, thereby, a kind of slidably fluid tight envelope is provided.Whenprobe assembly 40 injectspipes 26,sensor 45 location, so that it is bywindow 46 emission ultrasound waves with receive the reflection wave that is arranged essentially parallel to emission shaft, this emission shaft is substantially along the radial array of pipe 26.When the plug-in unit installation in position, the staff withdrawssteam generator 21, and remaining flaw detection operation is to be undertaken bycontrol box 30 remote controls.

The remote control staff at first drops into theswitch 38 on thecontrol box 30, makes control anddata processing circuit 130 energisings, then,switch 36 and 37 is connected, and givespipe 26 for coupling liquid.Generally, coupling liquid with lubricator or with the water of lubricant, because ultrasound wave must have the transmission media, and does not use water as media than the easier coupling of air, loss stillless.Closing Switch 37,solenoid valve 122 cuts out, and runs jointly to close 36, andpump motor 116a is charged,pump 116 startings, so throughconduit 115,pump 116,conduit 117, threeway 118,joint 119,conduit 120,joint 96, coupling liquid is thrownplug connector 60 into from storage container 113.Then, liquid is transported to around thesheath body 95 ofaxle 85 by a conduit in the plug-inunit shell 62, again by the respective openings on theaxle 85 and mobile through thetubular element 41 ofaxle 85,flexible driving shaft 55 andprobe assembly 40 thus, inexcessive inlet pipe 26 of the outlet in the tubular element.Inject enough liquid in thepipe 26, promptly fill with fully from sealing 90 parts to the wound district ofexpection.In case pipe 26 is filled with sufficiently high liquid level, can stop the pump motor, because the unidirectional characteristic of pump, solenoid valve also cuts out thereupon, thus preventing that coupling liquid is reverse flows back in thecontainer 113.

Then, formally carry out test of flaw detection.The staff upwards moves to the FWD position that moves ahead withselector switch 35, makes gear motor 81 energisings.Axle 85 rises gradually and enters in thepipe 26, extend fully untilaxle 85, preferably the length offlexible driving shaft 55 chooses, so that whenplug connector 60 is located as the position of Fig. 4,flexible driving shaft 55 is fully extended inpipe 26,sensor 45 will be fixed on the upper end of hindering the district, just in time hinder the top of the position indistrict 28 at possible pipe.

If expect that is directly detected real-time results,selector switch 135 is placed on the normal position shown in Figure 13 A and the 13B, position and thickness signal are directly delivered on the oscillograph 31.If desired, also can deliver to X-Y plotter 159.Then, make ultrasonic thickness measurement element energising, in order to high voltage pulse is transferred toplug connector 60 bycable 105, and from being transferred tosensor 45probe assembly 40 throughcable 104a and 54 here.These pulses makesensor 45 launch a predetermined power and frequency, the width of cloth to the ultrasound wave that points totube wall 27.

From all ultrasonic signal Returning sensors of the surfaces externally and internally oftube wall 27 reflection and convert electric signal to.This electric signal is transferred to ultrasonicthickness measurement element 39 along cable 54,104 and 105.Two reflected signals that come from the surfaces externally and internally oftube wall 27 in time separate mutually by the cycle that the thickness oftube wall 27 is directly proportional just.This ultrasonicthickness measurement unit 39 comprises a receiving loop, it converts the difference of two reflected signals to the magnitude of voltage of expression pipe thickness in time, and the magnitude of voltage of the expression pipe thickness on theconductor 133 is passed to (seeing Fig. 2 and 13b) control anddata processing circuit 130.

Then begin flaw detection scanning, the staff pushes reverse position downwards with selector switch, make gear motor 81 charged, so thataxle 85 falls back in theplug connector 60, becauseaxle 85 just rotates on spirality ground, therefore describe one along the downward spiral trajectory oftube wall 27 from the ultrasound wave of sensor emission when recalling.Before being preferably in flaw detection work and beginning,check system 20 is finished proofreading and correct, makerotary encoder 93 andlinear encoder 94 be in position, the upper left corner with respect to curve among Figure 15, it is zero that angle and axial translation represents in this position.To annotate on Figure 15 about following content and illustrate, transverse axis is represented angle and garden Zhou Weiyi, and on behalf of axle and perpendicular displacement, Z-axis add pipe thickness.The top of thecorresponding pipe 26 in the top of figure, the bottom of the corresponding pipe in the bottom of figure.

Come the axial and angle position signal of spinning andlinear encoder 93 and 94 to deliver to control anddata processing circuit 130 through cable 107.By conductor angle position signal is added tobuffer amplifier 131 input ends, 131 output is added to the input end ofwork amplifier 140, also is added to the horizontal input end ofoscillograph 31 through " b " ofswitch 135 utmost point.The output ofbuffer amplifier 131 also is added on two work amplifiers ofexclusive circuit 150, the work amplifier produces a block signal, be added to the locking input end ofoscillograph 31 by " a " utmost point ofselector switch 135, whensensor 45 has changeed 360 °, thisexclusive circuit 130 promptly produces a closed venation and dashes,oscillograph 31 is provided the locking to flyback.The axial location signal is added to the input end ofwork amplifier 132 by conductor 109, the output ofamplifier 132 is sent to the input oftotalizer 134, another input of totalizer has 2 multiplication benefits, be from being added on theconductor 133, thickness signal fromthickness measure element 39, the thickness signal of shaft position signal and twice is being represented in the output oftotalizer 134, is added in the vertical input ofoscillograph 31 through " C " ofselector switch 135 utmost point.

Referring to Figure 15, De Gui Trace represents that the thickness oftube wall 27 normal not attenuates moves from left to right on the top of screen on the oscillograph screen, and ， Gui Trace will be a series of straight lines as long as thickness remains unchanged.Every straightline explanation sensor 45 rotates one 360 °, and the axial internal clearance of intervalrepresentative sensor 45 when becoming commentaries on classics between the straight line.And oscillograph has illustrated De Gui Traceline 166 and is horizontal line basically, and this can do following simple declaration: in fact, these Gui Trace lines from left to right slightly tilt downwards, so that the left hand end of every Tiao Gui Trace is identical with formerly right hand end De Gui Trace level.Oscillograph 31 is a kind of memory-scopes, so Gui Trace can maintain on screen, watches itsentire curve 165 to allow the long period.

Run into the zone oftube wall 27 thickness attenuation when ultrasonic beam, 167 represented downward-sloping situations can appear in oscillograph Gui Trace, the value of the vertical extent direct ratio main wall attenuate of this inclination, 28 the degree of depth of promptly deteriorating, the horizontal extent of inclination are proportional to the garden week scope of deteriorating.So,, promptly obtain Figure 168 that a width of cloth describes to hinderdistrict 28 on the oscillograph screen whensensor 45 moves in whole wound district when finishing.Referring to the example of Figure 15, the wound district that draws is: the degree of depth increases from the top to bottom gradually, and the erosion of top wound district is D deeply₁, and the bottom erosion is D deeply₂, hindering the maximum garden Zhou Kuandu in district is H, its vertical or axial range is V.Hinder district's erosion and be exaggerated deeply, because the thickness amplitude has been amplified one times at the input end oftotalizer 134, so that the situation of deteriorating of easier its tube wall of observation.

Also can change oscillographic view into data representation, its data also can be recorded on themagnetic tape recorder 158, as later observation and further processing usefulness.At this, it may be noted that, in order to be suitable for the input range ofmagnetic tape recorder 158, be generally ± 8 volts, thickness voltage on the output of each buffer amplifier and theconductor 133 also is added to work amplifier 140,141 and 142 respectively, to amplify and position voltage value correction angle and axial and thickness magnitude of voltage.Then, work amplifier circuit 140,141 and 142 output are added to the input end of magnetic tape recorder throughcable 157.

During the data that on will showingoscillograph 31, store, withselector switch 135 to the tape location that moves down into it, on that position, travellingcontact 136a-C contacts with fixed contact 138a-C respectively, and sound-track engraving apparatus 158 comprises conductor 161,162 and 163 through cable 160(), transmit and be loaded with angle and the axial position signalling and the storage data of thickness signal respectively.Running plays out stored data.These signals are added to the input of work amplifier circuit 146,147 and 148 respectively, and the design department of this circuit 146,147,148 is in order to guarantee the making data voltage value of storage identical with raw data.The output ofamplifier circuit 146 is added to the horizontal input end ofoscillograph 31 through " b " ofselector switch 135 utmost point, also be added on each amplifier ofexclusive circuit 151, with top the same manner of being introduced aboutexclusive circuit 150, the amplifier of thisexclusive circuit 150 produces the flyback closed venation and dashes, and is added to oscillographic locking input end through " a " ofswitch 135 utmost point.The output ofamplifier circuit 147 is added to an input end oftotalizer 149, and another input end oftotalizer 149 is accepted the output of amplifier circuit 148.Totalizer 149 has identical functions withtotalizer 134, and its output is added to oscillographic vertical input end through " C " ofswitch 135 utmost point.

When flaw detection finishes,switch 35 is retracted the OFF position, make the gear motor outage, at thismoment axle 85 positions that should withdraw from fully.If detect a flaw by anti-order, i.e.axle 85 spiral advancing that make progress.Beforeplug connector 60 was out of service,axle 85 can't withdraw from.Then,step switch 37, cut offsolenoid valve 122 power supplys, make coupling liquid rely on gravity, be expelled back in thecontainer 113 from outlet 43,tubular element 41,flexible driving shaft 55,driving shaft 85,support 95,conduit 120,valve 122 and theconduit 123 ofpipe 26 through probe assembly 40.When coupling liquid whenpipe 26 andplug connector 60 discharged,open switch 38, to cut off control anddata processing circuit 130 power supplys.

The staff reenterscell 24 then one time, drops into thetoggle switch 98a on theconnector housing 62, andcam guiding valve 72 is recalled, and then, removesplug connector 60 andrelated probe assembly 40 fromtube sheet 25 and pipe 26.Regulate the length offlexible driving shafts 55 by adding or remove some sections, another that makes that it is suitable for thepipe 26 of being detected a flaw hindered district or other some pipes 26.Repeat above process again, plugconnector 60 is contained in the position that the next one will be detected a flaw.

Shown curve on theoscillograph 31, as shown in figure 15, constitute the accurate three-dimensional pipe of the width of cloth figure that deteriorates, this simulation is shown as data translation a kind of form easily is provided, but if desired, can be with a terminal 175(Fig. 2) (or in real time or behind delay line) carry out Computer Analysis to data, and in order to produce the real three-D profile line chart of a width of cloth, this figure itself mainly is that the material volume to damage on thepipe 26 carries out instrumentation.For the data that receive from blattnerphone are handled, do such further data processing with a computer program, it will be datumization and be stored in data of noting in certain storer, reach out with certain language name word table, this data can be identified such as ranks, volume, steam generator number or the like.

The fault detection system of having found 20 can be told the pipe of 0.043 inch thin tube wall and be equivalent to 0.0005 inch dark tube wall erosion decrement, and this explanation the present invention can not detect 10% this point that the tube wall unevenness is less than pipe thickness reliably to previous system sizable improvement.

From as can be known noted earlier, a kind of improved fault detection system is provided here, this system utilizes ultrasonic technology, is characterized in highly sensitive, precision is high, and the accurate diagram that can provide pipe attenuation scope and deal with data is measured with the volume that material is deteriorated.

Application number 85105453

After the preceding revisal of the capable revisal of file name page or leaf

Instructions 16 ... at interval square ... square interval

2 22 ... the width of cloth is penetrated axle and is moved ... the width of cloth is penetrated axis and is moved

3 20 Fig. 5 ... Figure 15

3 24 ... as shown in the figure ... as shown in Figure 1

3 24 ... generator ...generator 21,

6 20 ... mode moves ... mode cooperates

7 16 ... internal diameter is much bigger ... internal diameter is big slightly

8 16 ... guiding valve ... guidingvalve 72,

8 16 ... whenother conduit 97 supplies ... one ofpipe 97 acts as a guide

Give ... supply with

99 ... 122 outlet ... 122 inlet,

9 14 ...conductor 128 ...conductor 127

Conductor 127 ...conductor 128

9 19 ... 122 promptly protect to squeeze ... 122 keep

11 5 ... travelling contact ... its travelling contact

11 11 ... 148 through conductor ... 148 input end is through conductor

11 16 ... paint device ... plotter

11 25 ... solenoid valve (leaving out)

11 26 ...solenoid valve 127 ...solenoid valve 122

12 1 and 128 ... (leaving out)

12 11 ... 26 hinder the district ... 26 flaw detection districts

12 12 ... thedevice 20 by ... thedevice 40 by

12 13 ... 21 li of cells ... 24 li of cells

Claims (15)

Translated fromChinese

1、一个测量核动力蒸汽发生器中热交换管的管壁蚀减范围的测量系统包括：带有传感装置和控制装置的超声波装置；所述的传感装置响应该控制装置的操作而发射超声波和接收基本平行于发射轴的反射波，其特征为：上述传感装置受驱动装置的驱动而在一根管子内沿着所选择的探伤区运动，且带着与管子成径向排列的发射轴线转动，以便使该发射轴沿着管壁描绘出螺旋形线迹；所述的控制装置响应来自管壁的内和外表面反射的超声波而产生一指示管壁厚度的厚度信号；产生位置信号的装置，用于分别指示出上述传感装置在管内的轴向和角度位置；以及数据处理装置，用于响应上述厚度和位置信号而产生沿着所选择的探伤区包括其整个周圈上的管壁厚度的线迹，由此而绘出一张该探伤区内管壁厚度图。1. A measurement system for measuring the wall erosion range of heat exchange tubes in a nuclear steam generator comprises: an ultrasonic device with a sensing device and a control device; the sensing device emits in response to the operation of the control device Ultrasonic waves and received reflected waves that are substantially parallel to the emission axis are characterized in that: the above-mentioned sensing device is driven by the driving device to move along the selected flaw detection area in a pipe, and is arranged radially with the pipe The emission axis rotates so that the emission axis traces a helical line along the pipe wall; the control device responds to ultrasonic waves reflected from the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe wall to generate a thickness signal indicating the thickness of the pipe wall; Position signal means for respectively indicating the axial and angular positions of said sensing means within the pipe; and data processing means for generating a signal along the selected flaw detection zone including its entire circumference in response to said thickness and position signals The line trace of the pipe wall thickness on the surface, thus drawing a map of the pipe wall thickness in the flaw detection area.2、按照权利要求1的系统，其特征为，所述的数据处理装置包括有加法装置，用于把厚度信号加到轴向位置信号上。2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that said data processing means includes adding means for adding the thickness signal to the axial position signal.3、按照权利要求2的系统，其中所述的数据处理装置包括为了把该厚度信号的幅值在加到该轴向位置信号之前放大一倍的装置。3. A system according to claim 2, wherein said data processing means includes means for amplifying the magnitude of the thickness signal before being added to the axial position signal.4、按照权利要求2的系统，还包括有显示装置，被连接来用作接受上述的角位置信号和上述加法装置的输出而显示出管壁厚度图形的。4. The system of claim 2, further comprising display means coupled for receiving said angular position signal and the output of said summing means for displaying a graph of pipe wall thickness.5、按照权利要求2的系统，还包括有存储装置，用于存储上述的厚度和位置信号。5. The system according to claim 2, further comprising memory means for storing said thickness and position signals.6、按照权利要求5的系统，其中所述的数据处理装置包括：为了将存储的厚度信号加到存储的轴向位置信号上的第二加法装置;为了传送该存储的角位置信号和第二加法装置的输出到显示装置上的装置。6. The system according to claim 5, wherein said data processing means comprises: second summing means for adding the stored thickness signal to the stored axial position signal; for transmitting the stored angular position signal and the second The means by which the output of the summing means goes to the display means.7、按照权利要求1的系统，还包括有计算机装置，它籍存储程序的操作对所述的位置和厚度信号进行运算而产生一个三维的轮廓图，指示出管壁蚀损的面积和算出由此而损耗的材料容积。7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising computer means operable with stored program operations on said position and thickness signals to generate a three-dimensional contour map indicating the area of pipe wall erosion and calculating the The volume of material lost due to this.8、按照权利要求2的系统，其特征为，有一个存储着耦合液的容器，通过它超声波能以较低的衰耗而传播;为将一定量的耦合液从上述容器中送到管子中的装置，用以将探伤区的管段和传感装置的四周充满该液体，以便容易地在传感装置和管壁间传输超声波;用以产生分别指示传感装置在管内的轴向和角度位置的信号装置。8, according to the system of claim 2, it is characterized in that, there is a container that stores coupling liquid, through it ultrasonic energy propagates with lower attenuation; In order to send a certain amount of coupling liquid from said container to the pipe The device is used to fill the pipe section in the flaw detection area and the surrounding area of the sensing device with the liquid, so that ultrasonic waves can be easily transmitted between the sensing device and the pipe wall; it is used to indicate the axial and angular positions of the sensing device in the pipe respectively signaling device.9、按照权利要求8的系统，其特征为，所述的耦合液包括水。9. The system of claim 8, wherein said coupling fluid comprises water.10、按照权利要求8的系统，其特征为，所述的为传输用的装置包括有，一个驱动液体的泵，以便把耦合液从容器中驱动到管内;一个控制耦合液从管内流到容器中的闸阀。10, according to the system of claim 8, it is characterized in that, the described device that is used for conveying comprises, a pump that drives liquid, so that coupling liquid is driven in the pipe from container; A control coupling liquid flows into container from pipe in the gate valve.11、按照权利要求10的系统，进一步的特征为，设有控制该泵和闸阀的装置，该泵和闸阀是并联地接在该容器和管子之间，当泵运行时间阀关闭，而闸阀被打开时泵停止驱动。11. The system according to claim 10, further characterized by means for controlling the pump and the gate valve connected in parallel between the vessel and the pipe, the valve being closed when the pump is running and the gate valve being closed The pump stops driving when opened.12、按照权利要求11的系统，其特征为，所述的管形元件的外直径基本上小于相关连的蒸汽发生器管子的内直径;该探头装置包括有载在管形元件上的定心装置，以便准确地将该管形元件定位在蒸汽发生器管内并与管子同轴。12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the outer diameter of said tubular member is substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the associated steam generator tube; means to accurately position the tubular element within and coaxially with the steam generator tube.13、按照权利要求12的系统，其特征在于，上述的定心装置包括：许多有弹性的环形定心元件，它们被装在所述的管形元件上并在纵向相互分隔，并被加工成能与蒸汽发生器管壁滑动配合而将管形元件定位在蒸汽发生器管内的中心位置。13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that said centering means comprises: a plurality of elastic annular centering elements mounted on said tubular element longitudinally spaced from each other and machined into A sliding fit with the steam generator tube wall is capable of positioning the tubular element centrally within the steam generator tube.14、按照权利要求13的系统，其特征为，所述的每一个定心元件具有许多幅向向外伸开的弹性爪，排列成与相关的蒸汽发生器管子的内表面作滑动配合。14. A system according to claim 13, wherein each of said centering elements has a plurality of outwardly extending resilient fingers arranged for sliding engagement with the inner surface of the associated steam generator tube.15、按照权利要求14的系统，还包括布置在上述的驱动轴和管形元件内的电气连接器，用于连接传感装置与控制装置。15. The system of claim 14, further comprising an electrical connector disposed within said drive shaft and tubular member for connecting the sensing means to the control means.

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