Disclosure of utility model
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a cryocooler with higher refrigeration efficiency in response to the technical disadvantage of the current conventional pulse tube (or piston) expansion refrigerator that has lower refrigeration efficiency.
In order to solve the problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a low-temperature refrigerator, which comprises a compressor, a water cooler, a high-pressure stabilizing tank, a dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger, an expander, a cold quantity heat exchanger and a low-pressure stabilizing tank, wherein the water cooler is arranged on the lower side of the compressor;
The gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to a high-pressure state by the compressor, the compressed gas flows through the water cooler for precooling, the precooled gas enters the high-pressure stabilizing tank and then enters the expansion machine for expansion refrigeration after passing through the dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger for heat exchange, the expanded refrigeration working medium is led into the cold volume heat exchanger for absorbing and utilizing cold volume, and the gas working medium from the cold volume heat exchanger is returned to the compressor after passing through the dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger for absorbing and heating, so that the whole refrigeration cycle is completed.
In some embodiments, a bypass valve is further disposed between the high-pressure surge tank and the low-pressure surge tank, and the bypass valve is used for adjusting the flow rate of working medium in the pipeline.
In some of these embodiments, the expander is a pulse tube expander or a piston expander.
In some embodiments, the dividing wall type cold accumulation heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger core body, wherein the heat exchanger core body comprises a metal shell and a plurality of micro-channel structures formed in the metal shell, the micro-channels are mutually independent, each micro-channel comprises a cold fluid channel and a hot fluid channel, and the cold fluid channel and the hot fluid channel are distributed in a layered alternating mode.
In some of these embodiments, the microchannels include, but are not limited to, matrix or semi-elliptical structures.
In some of these embodiments, the microchannels are distributed in an array structure.
In some of these embodiments, the cold fluid channels and the hot fluid channels are arranged in a layered alternating fashion.
In some of these embodiments, the microchannels are straight channels and corrugated channels.
In some of these embodiments, the micro-channels are formed within the metal housing using 3D printing techniques.
In some of these embodiments, the metal housing includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and alloys thereof.
By adopting the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
The utility model provides a low-temperature refrigerator, a normal-temperature normal-pressure gas working medium is compressed to a high-pressure state by a compressor, the compressed gas flows through a water cooler for precooling, the precooled gas enters a high-pressure stabilizing tank for heat exchange by a dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger and then enters an expander for expansion refrigeration, the expanded refrigeration working medium is led into the cold volume heat exchanger for absorbing and utilizing cold volume, the gas working medium from the cold volume heat exchanger absorbs heat and heats by the dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger and then returns to the compressor by the low-pressure stabilizing tank to complete the whole refrigeration cycle.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the utility model provides a cryocooler, which comprises a compressor 1, a water cooler 2, a high-pressure surge tank 4, a dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger 5, an expander 6, a cold energy heat exchanger 7 and a low-pressure surge tank 8. Specific implementations of the respective structures are described in detail below.
The gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to a high-pressure state by the compressor 1, the compressed gas flows through the water cooler 2 for precooling, the precooled gas enters the high-pressure stabilizing tank 4 and then enters the expander 6 for expansion refrigeration after passing through the dividing wall type cold accumulation heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange, the expanded refrigeration working medium is led into the cold volume heat exchanger 7 for absorbing and utilizing cold volume, and the gas working medium coming out of the cold volume heat exchanger 7 absorbs heat and heats by the dividing wall type cold accumulation heat exchanger 5 and then returns to the compressor 1 by the low-pressure stabilizing tank 8 so as to complete the whole refrigeration cycle.
Further, a bypass valve 3 is further disposed between the high-pressure surge tank 4 and the low-pressure surge tank 8, and the bypass valve 3 is used for adjusting the flow of working medium in the pipeline.
In the compressor system, the gas working medium at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to a high pressure state. The compressed gas is then pre-cooled in a water cooler to reduce its temperature in preparation for subsequent heat exchange and expansion refrigeration. The bypass valve 3 at the outlet of the compressor 1 is a key component for regulating the flow of working medium of the system, allowing the system to regulate the flow according to the actual refrigeration requirement and optimizing the performance of the system. The high-pressure surge tank 4 and the low-pressure surge tank 8 are used for stabilizing the pressure fluctuation of the system in an intermittent flow mode, so as to ensure the stable operation of the system. In the refrigeration system, the high-pressure gas firstly exchanges heat through the dividing wall type cold storage heat exchanger 5, and then enters the pulse tube (or piston) expander to perform expansion refrigeration. The pulse tube expander utilizes pressure waves to realize rapid expansion of gas, while the piston expander controls the expansion process through reciprocating motion of a piston, and both the two expanders are suitable for a small-flow working condition. And finally, the gas working medium coming out of the cold quantity heat exchanger absorbs heat and heats up through the dividing wall type cold accumulation heat exchanger 5 and returns to the compressor through the low-pressure stabilizing 8 tank to complete the whole refrigeration cycle.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a divided wall type regenerator 5 according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes a heat exchanger core 100, wherein the heat exchanger core 100 includes a metal housing 110 and a plurality of micro-channel structures 120 formed in the metal housing 110. Specifically, the micro channels 120 are independent from each other. The micro-channels 120 include a cold fluid channel and a hot fluid channel, and the cold fluid channel and the hot fluid channel are arranged in a layered alternating manner.
Please refer to fig. 3 and fig. 4, which are schematic structural diagrams of a heat exchanger core provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the micro-channel 120 is composed of a plurality of rectangular micro-channels machined on a metal block, the micro-channels are independent of each other, the cross section of the heat exchanger is shown in fig. 3, wherein the channel marked "c" represents a cold fluid channel, and the channel marked "h" represents a hot fluid channel, and the channels are arranged in a layered and alternating manner.
Further, the heat exchanger core 100 provides two alternative types of flow channel structural designs, straight channels and corrugated channels. The design of the corrugated channels aims at further improving the heat exchange efficiency by enhancing the turbulence of the fluid flow.
It can be appreciated that the heat exchanger core 100 of the cryocooler provided in this embodiment is composed of rectangular micro-channels, the micro-channels are mutually independent, and adopt cold channels and hot channels to be alternately arranged in layers, and a straight channel or a corrugated channel structure can be selected according to different application requirements so as to adapt to different fluid characteristics and system design requirements.
Further, the micro-channels 120 are formed within the metal housing using 3D printing techniques. It can be appreciated that the micro-channels 120 are formed in the metal housing 110 by using a 3D printing technology, which ensures the accuracy of the flow channel structure and the realization of complex design, and can also select materials with different thermal physical parameters for customizing processing in whole or in segments according to the requirements of different temperature areas of the heat exchanger.
Further, the metal housing 110 includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and alloys thereof.
It should be noted that, the selection of the material and the design of the structural dimensions of the metal housing 110 of the cryocooler provided in this embodiment need to select a metal material with appropriate thermal conductivity, heat capacity and mechanical strength according to the operating temperature and pressure range of the heat exchanger, the flow rate of the fluid and the operating frequency of the system, and in practice, the materials may be selected from, but not limited to, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and alloys thereof.
It can be understood that the low-temperature refrigerator provided by the utility model adopts a compact countercurrent heat exchanger design, so that the heat exchange area is effectively increased, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the larger heat capacity metal wall is utilized for cold accumulation or heat accumulation, and the performance of the refrigerator in an intermittent working mode is improved.
Further, a low-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 111, a normal-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 112, a low-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 113 and a normal-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 114 are arranged on the side wall of the metal shell 110, the low-temperature working medium enters the heat exchanger core 100 from the low-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 111 and flows out from the low-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 113 after exchanging heat with the heat exchanger core, and the normal-temperature working medium enters from the normal-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 114 after entering from the normal-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 112.
Further, the low-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 111, the normal-temperature working medium inlet connection pipe 112, the low-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 113 and the normal-temperature working medium outlet connection pipe 114 are integrally formed on the side wall of the metal shell 110.
It can be understood that for applications with large temperature differences between the hot and cold ends, materials with different thermophysical parameters are adopted for sectional design and processing according to the temperature gradient in the heat exchanger. Thermal matching between the segments is achieved by precisely controlling the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of the material.
The utility model realizes the effective heat exchange of cold and hot fluid in an intermittent flow state by adopting the partition wall type cold storage heat exchanger, and the partition wall type cold storage heat exchanger is matched with the working mode of the pulse tube (or piston) expander, so that the refrigeration efficiency of the system in the intermittent flow mode is optimized, and the requirement of a refrigeration system with medium-scale cold quantity is met.
It will be understood that the technical features of the above-described embodiments may be combined in any manner, and that all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity, however, they should be considered as being within the scope of the description provided in the present specification, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present utility model and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model in any way. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model, and other embodiments of the present utility model as will occur to those skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty, are intended to be included within the scope of the present utility model.