技术领域Technical Field
本实用新型涉及一种人体状态分析系统，尤其是一种基于反向散射通讯进行数据传输的低功耗人体状态分析系统。The utility model relates to a human body state analysis system, in particular to a low-power human body state analysis system which performs data transmission based on backscatter communication.
背景技术Background Art
人体状态分析设备通过传感器获取人体的三维运动学数据、生物电如表面肌电、心电和脑电等数据以及通过光学脉搏波测量（Photoplethysmography,简称PPG）等光学传感器分析评估人体运动表现。通过这些传感器，设备能够获取来自不同生理系统的信号，提供更全面的分析结果。该设备在医疗、健康管理、运动科学等领域具有广泛的应用。The human body state analysis equipment uses sensors to obtain the human body's three-dimensional kinematic data, bioelectric data such as surface electromyography, electrocardiography and electroencephalography, and analyzes and evaluates human movement performance through optical sensors such as optical pulse wave measurement (Photoplethysmography, referred to as PPG). Through these sensors, the equipment can obtain signals from different physiological systems and provide more comprehensive analysis results. The equipment has a wide range of applications in the fields of medical care, health management, sports science, etc.
人体生理学数据一般通过生物电方法和光学脉搏波测量方法采集获得。Human physiological data is generally collected through bioelectric methods and optical pulse wave measurement methods.
生物电是指生物体内由神经元和肌肉细胞等产生的微弱电信号。这些电信号可以通过适当的仪器和技术被测量和记录，从而为医学诊断、研究和监测提供有用的信息。主要的生物电信号包括肌肉电信号（EMG）、心脏电信号（ECG）和脑部电信号（EEG）。这些生物电信号在医学诊断和研究中具有重要作用，可以提供关于肌肉、心脏和脑部活动的信息。Bioelectricity refers to weak electrical signals generated by neurons and muscle cells in organisms. These electrical signals can be measured and recorded through appropriate instruments and techniques, thus providing useful information for medical diagnosis, research and monitoring. The main bioelectric signals include muscle electrical signals (EMG), cardiac electrical signals (ECG) and brain electrical signals (EEG). These bioelectric signals play an important role in medical diagnosis and research, and can provide information about muscle, heart and brain activities.
光学脉搏波测量（PPG）是一种用于测量血管中脉搏和血流变化的无创性技术。它通过利用光的吸收特性来监测血液通过皮肤的变化，从而提供有关心跳和血流的信息。 光学式脉搏波形（PPG）采集模块可以用来测量心率、脉搏波形和血氧饱和度等。Optical Pulse Wave Measurement (PPG) is a non-invasive technology used to measure changes in pulse and blood flow in blood vessels. It uses the absorption characteristics of light to monitor changes in blood passing through the skin, thereby providing information about heartbeat and blood flow. The optical pulse waveform (PPG) acquisition module can be used to measure heart rate, pulse waveform, blood oxygen saturation, etc.
肌肉电信号（EMG），心脏电信号（ECG）、脑部电信号（EEG）、心率（HR）和血氧饱和度（SpO2）这些信息可以通过传感器捕捉，并转化为数字信号，通过分析这些信号，可以获得有关生物体功能和健康状况的宝贵见解。Muscle electrical signals (EMG), cardiac electrical signals (ECG), brain electrical signals (EEG), heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) can be captured by sensors and converted into digital signals. By analyzing these signals, valuable insights into the function and health status of the organism can be obtained.
人体的运动学数据一般通过惯性传感单元、压力传感器以及弯曲度传感器采集获得。The kinematic data of the human body is generally collected through inertial sensor units, pressure sensors and curvature sensors.
惯性测量单元（Inertial Measurement Unit，简称IMU）是一种电子设备，用于测量和监测物体的三维运动和方向。IMU通常由多个传感器组成，包括加速度计（Accelerometer）和陀螺仪（Gyroscope），有时也包括磁力计（Magnetometer）。这些传感器协同工作，以提供详细的动态信息。惯性测量单元（IMU）在人体状态分析设备中扮演着重要的角色，它们通过监测和记录运动、姿势和生理数据，帮助用户更好地了解自己的身体状态，提供康复、训练和生活方式改进的支持。An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is an electronic device used to measure and monitor the three-dimensional motion and orientation of an object. An IMU is usually composed of multiple sensors, including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and sometimes a magnetometer. These sensors work together to provide detailed dynamic information. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) play an important role in human body state analysis devices. They help users better understand their physical state by monitoring and recording motion, posture, and physiological data, and provide support for rehabilitation, training, and lifestyle improvements.
对穿戴式设备的供电一般采用有线线缆供电和无线电池方式两种方式。插电式有线供电对于移动设备可能不太方便，因为它们需要一个恒定的电源插座，用户必须在电源插座附近使用设备，不能随意移动，这限制了设备的移动性和灵活性。Wearable devices are generally powered by wired cables or wireless batteries. Plug-in wired power supply may not be convenient for mobile devices because they require a constant power socket. Users must use the device near the power socket and cannot move around at will, which limits the mobility and flexibility of the device.
因此对于以监测分析人体运动的可穿戴设备而言一般采用电池供电。目前常见的人体状态分析设备的供能常常采用单一电池供电的方式。传统单一电池供电的问题在于，因为电池的容量有限，会存在电池续航时间短，设备体积大，需要频繁充电或者更换电池，为消费者的使用带来很大的不便。例如带有BLE射频功能的微控制器esp32的工作电压为3.3伏，工作电流通常为80毫安，当穿戴设备设计续航时间为六个小时时，需要约430mah（3.7v）的锂电池容量 。依据现有锂电池能量密度可以计算，所需电池体积大约为6.88立方厘米。Therefore, wearable devices that monitor and analyze human movement are generally powered by batteries. Currently, common human state analysis devices are often powered by a single battery. The problem with traditional single battery power supply is that due to the limited capacity of the battery, the battery life is short, the device is large, and frequent charging or battery replacement is required, which brings great inconvenience to consumers. For example, the operating voltage of the microcontroller ESP32 with BLE radio frequency function is 3.3 volts, and the operating current is usually 80 mA. When the wearable device is designed to last for six hours, a lithium battery capacity of about 430mah (3.7v) is required. According to the existing lithium battery energy density, it can be calculated that the required battery volume is about 6.88 cubic centimeters.
生物电可穿戴设备是一类创新性的可穿戴技术，旨在监测和记录人体的生物电信号以及其他生理参数。这些设备通常小巧轻便，可以佩戴在身体不同部位，如手腕、胸部或头部，以实时追踪和记录用户的生理状态。最常见的生物电可穿戴设备包括心电（ECG）、脑电（EEG）、肌电（EMG）设备等。Bioelectric wearable devices are a type of innovative wearable technology designed to monitor and record the body's bioelectric signals and other physiological parameters. These devices are usually small and lightweight and can be worn on different parts of the body, such as the wrist, chest or head, to track and record the user's physiological state in real time. The most common bioelectric wearable devices include electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG) devices, etc.
用户可以通过移动应用程序或连接到云端的服务访问他们的生物数据，实时监测健康状态、运动表现或情感波动。生物电可穿戴设备不仅可用于个人健康管理和运动追踪，还在医疗保健领域具有广泛应用，如心律失常监测、癫痫病人监护等。Users can access their biodata through mobile applications or services connected to the cloud to monitor their health status, sports performance or emotional fluctuations in real time. Bioelectric wearable devices can not only be used for personal health management and sports tracking, but also have a wide range of applications in the healthcare field, such as arrhythmia monitoring, epilepsy patient monitoring, etc.
反向散射通讯技术是一种无线通信技术，它与传统的无线通信方式不同，它不需要自己产生电磁信号，而是通过反射、散射现有的射频信号来实现通信。反向散射通讯依赖于被动散射，即一方设备（通常是较小、能源受限的设备，如传感器或标签）不主动发射无线信号，而是利用来自外部的射频信号进行通信。这些设备通过调整自身天线的阻抗来调制传入的射频信号，从而改变信号的相位或幅度，以传递数字信息。Backscatter communication technology is a wireless communication technology that is different from traditional wireless communication methods. It does not need to generate electromagnetic signals by itself, but achieves communication by reflecting and scattering existing radio frequency signals. Backscatter communication relies on passive scattering, that is, one device (usually a smaller, energy-constrained device such as a sensor or tag) does not actively transmit wireless signals, but uses radio frequency signals from the outside to communicate. These devices modulate the incoming radio frequency signal by adjusting the impedance of their own antenna, thereby changing the phase or amplitude of the signal to transmit digital information.
反向通信技术的工作原理如图1所示。当入射射频信号遇到天线时，一部分信号会从天线反射/散射出去。当芯片阻抗 Zc 处于 Zc1 或 Zc2 的不同状态时，反射信号的振幅也不同，这一特性使得反向散射发射器向接收器传输信息。The working principle of the reverse communication technology is shown in Figure 1. When the incident RF signal encounters the antenna, a part of the signal will be reflected/scattered from the antenna. When the chip impedance Zc is in different states of Zc1 or Zc2, the amplitude of the reflected signal is also different. This characteristic enables the backscatter transmitter to transmit information to the receiver.
对于可穿戴设备通常采用电池供电，如果能降低使用功耗，则可以大大延长用户的使用时间减少所用电池的体积，增加设备穿戴的舒适性。Wearable devices are usually powered by batteries. If the power consumption can be reduced, the user's usage time can be greatly extended, the volume of the battery used can be reduced, and the comfort of wearing the device can be increased.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决背景技术中存在的技术问题和需求，本实用新型结合反向散射通讯技术为人体状态分析系统进行数据传输，为用户提供一种低功耗长续航、轻便小巧、方便佩戴的无线人体状态穿戴式分析系统。In order to solve the technical problems and needs existing in the background technology, the utility model combines backscatter communication technology to transmit data for the human body state analysis system, and provides users with a wireless human body state wearable analysis system that is low in power consumption, long in battery life, light in weight, and easy to wear.
一种低功耗无线人体状态分析系统，包括无线穿戴式设备和数据接收设备；A low-power wireless human body state analysis system, comprising a wireless wearable device and a data receiving device;
所述无线穿戴设备由生物传感模块、无线控制模块、动作姿态模块和供能模块组成；The wireless wearable device is composed of a biosensor module, a wireless control module, a motion posture module and an energy supply module;
所述无线控制模块包含微控制单元(Microcontroller Unit；MCU) 和反向散射通讯模块；The wireless control module includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a backscatter communication module;
所述数据接收设备由激励信号源、无线收发模块和计算分析模块组成；The data receiving device is composed of an excitation signal source, a wireless transceiver module and a calculation and analysis module;
所述无线穿戴设备利用反向散射技术与数据接收设备之间进行数据通信。The wireless wearable device performs data communication with a data receiving device using backscattering technology.
所述无线控制模块内置反向散射通讯模块，利用外界信号将所述生物传感模块和所述动作姿态模块获取的信号传送给所述接收设备。The wireless control module has a built-in backscatter communication module, which utilizes external signals to transmit the signals acquired by the biosensor module and the motion posture module to the receiving device.
所述生物传感模块包括生物电信号采集模块或光学式脉搏波形（Photoplethysmography，简称PPG）采集模块的一种或两种。The biosensor module includes one or both of a bioelectric signal acquisition module and an optical pulse waveform (Photoplethysmography, PPG for short) acquisition module.
所述生物电信号采集模块采集心脏电信号（ECG）、肌肉电信号（EMG）或脑部电信号（EEG）的一种或多种。The bioelectric signal acquisition module acquires one or more of cardiac electrical signals (ECG), muscle electrical signals (EMG) or brain electrical signals (EEG).
所述动作姿态模块由惯性传感单元（IMU）、 压力传感器、弯曲传感器的一种或多种组成。The motion posture module is composed of one or more of an inertial sensing unit (IMU), a pressure sensor, and a bending sensor.
所述供能模块由电感、电容、电池的一种或多种组成。The energy supply module is composed of one or more of an inductor, a capacitor, and a battery.
针对背景技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的有益效果包括：In view of the defects existing in the background technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:
通过反向通讯技术以最小化数据传输期间的功耗，设备可以实现低功耗的数据传输，从而降低设备整体功耗，减少对电池的依赖。使用更小容量的电池，可以得到更小的电池体积和设备体积，减少异物感。By using reverse communication technology to minimize power consumption during data transmission, the device can achieve low-power data transmission, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the device and reducing dependence on the battery. Using a smaller capacity battery can result in a smaller battery volume and device volume, reducing the foreign body sensation.
可穿戴设备通常需要长时间佩戴，而且可能需要连续监测用户的生理参数、活动水平或健康数据。降低设备功耗可以延长设备运行时间，无需频繁充电或更换电池。这些设备可以长期佩戴，这提高了设备穿戴的便利性，降低了使用的负担，提高了用户体验。Wearable devices are usually worn for long periods of time and may need to continuously monitor the user's physiological parameters, activity levels, or health data. Reducing device power consumption can extend the device's operating time without the need for frequent charging or battery replacement. These devices can be worn for a long time, which improves the convenience of wearing the device, reduces the burden of use, and improves the user experience.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本实用新型所述的反向散射技术工作原理图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the backscattering technology described in the present invention;
图2为本实用新型所述的低功耗人体状态分析系统的系统图。FIG2 is a system diagram of the low-power human body state analysis system described in the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合本实用新型的附图进行具体的说明，以便对本实用新型有更好的了解。以下具体实施方式仅是对本发明中一个实施例的说明，并不构成对本发明权利要求的限制。The following will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention so that the present invention can be better understood. The following specific implementation is only an explanation of an embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the claims of the present invention.
一种低功耗无线人体状态分析系统，包括无线穿戴式设备和数据接收设备，如图2所示；A low-power wireless human body state analysis system includes a wireless wearable device and a data receiving device, as shown in FIG2 ;
无线穿戴式设备由生物传感模块、无线控制模块、动作姿态模块和供能模块组成；The wireless wearable device consists of a biosensor module, a wireless control module, a motion posture module and an energy supply module;
无线控制模块由微控制器（MCU）芯片stm32l431和反向散射通讯模块组成；The wireless control module consists of a microcontroller (MCU) chip stm32l431 and a backscatter communication module;
反向散射模块由反向散射调制器 HMC190BMS8 SPDT RF开关和FPGA Altera DE1组成。通过FPGA完成数据加扰、报头生成、数据编码和调制等处理，FPGA 的数字输出连接到反向散射调制器以生成反向散射数据包。The backscatter module consists of a backscatter modulator HMC190BMS8 SPDT RF switch and an FPGA Altera DE1. Data scrambling, header generation, data encoding and modulation are completed through the FPGA, and the digital output of the FPGA is connected to the backscatter modulator to generate backscatter data packets.
生物传感模块由生物电采样电极板和信号处理模块组成；The biosensor module consists of a bioelectric sampling electrode plate and a signal processing module;
生物采样电极板包含8个生物电采样通道的生物电采样电极和2个参考电极，生物采样电极板佩戴在人体相应部位采集人体的肌肉电信号（EMG），所采集到的信号传输给信号处理模块进行放大、滤波等处理；The biological sampling electrode plate contains 8 bioelectric sampling channels of bioelectric sampling electrodes and 2 reference electrodes. The biological sampling electrode plate is worn on the corresponding part of the human body to collect the muscle electrical signals (EMG) of the human body. The collected signals are transmitted to the signal processing module for amplification, filtering and other processing;
信号处理模块以生物电模拟前端（AFE）芯片 ads1298为核心组成。The signal processing module is based on the bioelectric analog front end (AFE) chip ads1298.
动作姿态模块以惯性传感单元（IMU）芯片 icm20948为核心组成。The motion posture module is based on the inertial sensor unit (IMU) chip icm20948.
信号处理模块的生物电模拟前端（AFE）芯片ads1298的采样率设置为2000Hz，每秒钟它可以对8个通道进行2000次采样，从而使得连接生物电模拟前端（AFE）的微控制器（MCU）芯片stm32l431能在单次采样中同时获得8个通道肌肉电信号（EMG）数据；The sampling rate of the bioelectric analog front end (AFE) chip ads1298 of the signal processing module is set to 2000Hz. It can sample 8 channels 2000 times per second, so that the microcontroller (MCU) chip stm32l431 connected to the bioelectric analog front end (AFE) can simultaneously obtain 8 channels of muscle electroencephalogram (EMG) data in a single sampling;
将右腿驱动电路（RLD）信号从ads1298芯片通过放置在人体表面的电极输出到人体，可以有效地减少噪声和干扰，从而提高生物电信号的质量。Outputting the right leg drive circuit (RLD) signal from the ads1298 chip to the human body through electrodes placed on the human body surface can effectively reduce noise and interference, thereby improving the quality of bioelectric signals.
无线穿戴式设备利用反向散射技术与数据接收设备之间进行数据通信；The wireless wearable device uses backscatter technology to communicate data with the data receiving device;
数据接收设备由一个USRP N210作为激励信号源、一个USRP N210作为无线收发模块和以Xilinx XC7Z020芯片为核心的计算分析模块组成。The data receiving device consists of a USRP N210 as the excitation signal source, a USRP N210 as the wireless transceiver module, and a calculation and analysis module with Xilinx XC7Z020 chip as the core.
USRP N210激励信号源生成振幅恒定的2.4G正弦波信号。The USRP N210 excitation signal source generates a 2.4G sine wave signal with a constant amplitude.
无线收发模块连续监控数据包，当发射端反向散射调制器改变其阻抗时，反向散射数据包的信号强度也随之变化，通过对信号进行预处理来捕获反向散射通讯引起的信号变化并进行解调和解码获得原始数据。The wireless transceiver module continuously monitors the data packets. When the backscatter modulator at the transmitting end changes its impedance, the signal strength of the backscatter data packet also changes. The signal changes caused by the backscatter communication are captured by preprocessing the signal and demodulated and decoded to obtain the original data.
无线收发模块将解码后的数据传输到Xilinx XC7Z020模块。The wireless transceiver module transmits the decoded data to the Xilinx XC7Z020 module.
计算分析模块接收到到稳定的生物电信号后，采取一段时间窗内的静止的信号幅值作为基线信号，通过自适应放大滤波器、傅立叶变换、小波变换和时间-频率方法以减少生物电原始信号的噪声和干扰、提高生物电信号的质量和准确性。After receiving a stable bioelectric signal, the calculation and analysis module takes the static signal amplitude within a time window as the baseline signal, and uses adaptive amplification filters, Fourier transform, wavelet transform and time-frequency methods to reduce the noise and interference of the original bioelectric signal and improve the quality and accuracy of the bioelectric signal.
通过计算生物电信号的进一步时域-频域特征分析用户肌肉活动状态。The user's muscle activity status is analyzed by calculating the further time domain-frequency domain characteristics of the bioelectric signal.
以上描述了本实用新型的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本实用新型不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本实用新型的原理，在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本实用新型范围内。The above describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected.
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