CN221380900U - Multiband photovoltaic module dust accumulation sensor and dust accumulation monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multiband photovoltaic module dust accumulation sensor which is characterized by comprising a shell frame, a glass panel, a multiband light source, a light emission and feedback circuit board, a photosensitive element, a main control circuit and a heating plate, wherein the glass panel and the shell frame are fixed in a surrounding manner to form a closed cavity structure, and the multiband light source, the light emission and feedback circuit board, the main control circuit and the heating plate are all fixed in the cavity. According to the utility model, the multi-band light wave is adopted to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module by the dust accumulation sensor, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole solar spectrum is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the multi-band technology improves the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio.

Description

Multiband photovoltaic module dust accumulation sensor and dust accumulation monitoring system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of optical measurement equipment, in particular to a multi-band photovoltaic module dust accumulation sensor and a dust accumulation monitoring system.

Background

According to the related studies, the dust deposition (or pollution) of the photovoltaic module easily causes more than 1% of power loss per day.

Therefore, various types of monitoring schemes of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, such as a reference photovoltaic module, an optical dust accumulation sensor, an image dust accumulation monitoring system and the like, appear on the market so as to monitor the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic power station, thereby utilizing pollution ratio data to estimate the dust accumulation power loss, optimizing a power station cleaning strategy, reducing operation and maintenance cost and improving power generation income. The optical dust sensor and the monitoring system have the characteristics of high cost performance, simple maintenance and the like, and have wide application value. The soot contamination ratio represents the degree of cleanliness of the photovoltaic module, according to IEC61724-1:2021 (photovoltaic system performance part 1: monitoring) international standard definition, the soot pollution ratio (Soiling Ratio, SR) of the photovoltaic module represents the ratio of the maximum power P_max1 of the soot photovoltaic module to the theoretical maximum power P_max2 of the soot photovoltaic module under the condition of no soot shielding (see formula 1) or the ratio of the short-circuit current I_SC1 of the soot photovoltaic module to the theoretical short-circuit current I_SC2 of the photovoltaic module under the condition of no soot shielding (see formula 2), the SR ranges from 0 to 1, and when sr=1, the photovoltaic module is in a clean state; when SR <1, the photovoltaic module has dust deposit, and the smaller SR, the more dust deposit, the larger electric power loss;

Equation 1: sr=p_max1/P_max2

Equation 2: sr=i_SC1/I_SC2

Wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; p_max2: the theoretical maximum power of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is represented; p_max1: representing the live maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell; i_SC1: representing live short-circuit current of the gray photovoltaic cell; i_SC2: and (5) indicating the theoretical short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding.

Currently, all optical dust deposition sensors and monitoring systems on the market adopt a single-wavelength light wave measurement principle to estimate the dust deposition pollution ratio of a photovoltaic module, namely, the dust deposition of the photovoltaic module is assumed to have the same transmittance distribution on the whole solar spectrum projected onto the photovoltaic module. However, in the real situation, the transmittance of the solar spectrum of the dust deposit of the photovoltaic module increases along with the increase of the wavelength of the light wave, namely, the dust deposit pollution ratio can generate larger observation errors when the single-wavelength light wave is adopted to detect the dust deposit pollution ratio. Meanwhile, in practical research or application, corresponding protection strategies or cleaning schemes need to be adopted for different dust deposit types, and the dust deposit sensors on the market do not have the recognition function of the dust deposit types. In addition, related equipment on the market lacks a calibration system capable of adapting to the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module in a real scene of uniform dust deposition and non-uniform dust deposition.

The patent document with the prior patent publication number of CN208060337U discloses a double-light-source air suction type fire detection device capable of identifying dust, which comprises a tube base, a detection cavity and a signal analysis circuit board; the double-light source structure, the corresponding detection cavity structure and the signal analysis circuit board specific circuit are adopted, the problem of interference of fine particles such as dust is solved from the angles of optics and electronics through the difference of scattering effects of particles with different diameters on light rays with different wavelengths, the mechanical filtering device is not relied on, and misjudgment and misinformation are avoided to the greatest extent.

However, this solution requires that air be drawn into the detection module for detection, and also does not detect dust.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module.

The multi-band light waves are utilized to realize detection of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module and online detection of the dust deposition type, and a calibration system suitable for the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module under the real scene of uniform dust deposition and non-uniform dust deposition is realized.

The utility model solves the technical problems by the following technical means: the utility model provides a multiband photovoltaic module deposition sensor, its characterized in that includes shell frame, glass panel, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, photosensitive element, master control circuit, heating plate, glass panel encloses with shell frame and closes fixedly and form a inclosed cavity structure, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, master control circuit, heating plate are all fixed in the cavity, just master control circuit and multiband light source, photosensitive element, light emission and feedback circuit board, heating plate electric connection, multiband light source is used for transmitting the light wave of a plurality of wave bands and causes it to incident to glass panel, photosensitive element is used for receiving the light intensity signal behind each wave band light wave through glass panel, still be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor on the master control circuit, the receiving unthreaded hole has all been seted up in the photosensitive element outside.

The multi-band light wave is adopted by the dust accumulation sensor to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole spectrum of the sun is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the multi-band technology improves the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio.

As the preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and are fixedly arranged in the cavity and are electrically connected with the light emitting and feedback circuit board, the multiband light source is fixedly connected with the incident light photosensitive element through the light emitting and feedback circuit board, the light emitting and feedback circuit board is connected with the scattered light photosensitive element through the light receiving circuit board, the incident path of the incident light is provided with a light reflecting and restraining element, the light reflecting and restraining element is used for adjusting the light intensity of the multiband light source incident on the incident light photosensitive element, the housing frame is connected with an aviation plug, the main control circuit is fixedly arranged on the inner wall at the bottom of the cavity, and the housing frame is a cylinder or a cube.

As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element fixedly arranged in the cavity, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda, and the reflected light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are used for distinguishing dust types.

As a preferred technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a transmission light photosensitive element positioned outside the cavity, the transmission light photosensitive element is electrically connected with the light emission and feedback circuit board, and the transmission light photosensitive element is used for detecting the transmission light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda.

As the preferred technical scheme, fixedly connected with first link in the cavity, multiband light source, incident light photosensitive element, scattered light photosensitive element all with first link fixed connection, still seted up the receipts unthreaded hole with incident light photosensitive element, scattered light photosensitive element looks adaptation on the first link, first link is still through second link and shell frame inner wall connection fastening.

The utility model provides an album of ash monitoring system, includes album of ash sensor, monitoring system shell frame, photovoltaic cell piece unit, backplate temperature sensor, monitoring system master control circuit, monitoring system glass panel, monitoring system master control circuit and album of ash sensor, photovoltaic cell piece, backplate temperature sensor electric connection, monitoring system glass panel fixes the terminal surface at monitoring system shell frame sampling area to enclose with monitoring system shell frame and form a inclosed cavity structure, monitoring system glass panel bottom is fixed with album of ash sensor and photovoltaic cell piece unit, photovoltaic cell piece bottom is fixed with backplate temperature sensor, album of ash sensor is fixed to be located on the monitoring system shell frame, and is used for measuring album of ash pollution ratio, the photovoltaic cell piece is used for measuring album of ash pollution ratio of photovoltaic cell piece.

As an optimal technical scheme, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises two groups of photovoltaic cells, and a maximum power measuring circuit for measuring the maximum power of the solar cells is arranged on a monitoring system main control circuit.

As the preferable technical scheme, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises four groups of photovoltaic cells, and the four groups of photovoltaic cells are respectively positioned at two sides of the dust accumulation sensor and are respectively used for measuring the dust accumulation pollution ratio at two sides of the dust accumulation sensor.

As an optimal technical scheme, the dust accumulation sensors are arranged in a plurality, each photovoltaic cell unit comprises a plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells, the dust accumulation sensors are respectively arranged in different areas of the monitoring system panel, and each area is correspondingly provided with two groups of photovoltaic cells.

As an optimized technical scheme, the dust deposit detection system further comprises a system expansion interface, the system expansion interface is connected with external equipment, the external equipment comprises a rain sensor or a rainfall sensor or a snow depth instrument, and the dust deposit detection system further comprises a Bluetooth connection module which is used for being in communication connection with the mobile terminal.

The utility model has the advantages that:

(1) According to the utility model, the multi-band light wave is adopted to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module by the dust accumulation sensor, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-wave band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole solar spectrum is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio is improved.

(2) In the utility model, the recognition and classification of the dust deposit type can be realized through the combination of the data measured by the transmission light photosensitive element or the incident light photosensitive element and the reflection light photosensitive element.

(3) According to the utility model, the dust collection monitoring system is provided with one dust collection sensor or a plurality of dust collection sensors, and data of each dust collection sensor are independently collected so as to reflect dust collection conditions of different parts of the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing high-precision measurement and cost control of dust collection pollution ratio under various dust collection scenes such as uniformity, non-uniformity and the like.

(4) According to the utility model, the dust collection monitoring system is provided with a plurality of groups of independently collected photovoltaic battery pieces, so that the independent calibration of specific photovoltaic battery pieces on corresponding dust collection sensors is supported, the dust collection monitoring system can adapt to the calibration of dust collection pollution ratio of photovoltaic modules in real scenes of uniform dust collection and non-uniform dust collection, and meanwhile, the dust collection monitoring system is different from like products on the market, and the dust collection monitoring system does not need to clean dust collection sensor windows and can not interfere normal service observation in the calibration process.

(5) According to the utility model, the dust accumulation monitoring system has a wireless connection function such as Bluetooth, can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as mobile phones and computers with corresponding connection functions, performs visual calibration operation on equipment through APP software or small programs on site, and checks the calibration effect in real time.

(6) According to the utility model, through the arrangement of the electric heating components such as the heating plate, the glass panel can be heated, dew, frost and ice in the window area of the dust accumulation sensor can be prevented, snow above the dust accumulation sensor can be melted, and evaporation of water body can be accelerated, so that the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor is kept dry, and the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the dust sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 2 of the utility model;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the present utility model;

FIG. 11 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 3 of the utility model;

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the utility model;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 4 of the present utility model;

FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of the dust sensor according to embodiment 4 of the present utility model;

FIG. 15 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 4 of the utility model;

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 4 of the utility model;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 5 of the present utility model;

FIG. 18 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 5 of the utility model;

FIG. 19 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 5 of the utility model;

FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 5 of the utility model;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 6 of the present utility model;

FIG. 22 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to example 6 of the present utility model;

FIG. 23 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 6 of the utility model;

FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to example 6 of the present utility model;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the present utility model;

FIG. 26 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the utility model;

FIG. 27 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the utility model;

FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the utility model;

FIG. 29 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the present utility model;

FIG. 30 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the utility model;

FIG. 31 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the utility model;

FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the utility model;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the present utility model;

FIG. 34 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the utility model;

FIG. 35 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the utility model;

FIG. 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the utility model;

FIG. 37 is a schematic view of the influence on light waves when the glass panel provided by the embodiment of the utility model is dust-free and dust-free;

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of an ash deposition sensor of the ash deposition monitoring system according to an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

Reference numerals: 1. a glass panel; 2. a housing frame; 201. a housing frame encapsulation hole; 3. a main control circuit; 4. performing aerial insertion; 5. a sampling chamber; 6. a light emitting and feedback circuit board; 7. an emission aperture; 8. a multi-band light source; 9. light reflection and confinement; 10. an incident light photosensitive element; 11. a light receiving circuit board; 12. a light receiving aperture; 13. a scattered light photosensitive element; 14. a reflective light-sensitive element; 15. a light-transmitting photosensitive element; 16. a first connection frame; 17. a second connecting frame; 18. a third connecting frame; 19. a fourth connecting frame; 20. a heating sheet; 1001. an ash deposition sensor; 1002. monitoring a photovoltaic cell of the system; 1003. a back plate temperature sensor; 1004. monitoring a system main control circuit; 1005. monitoring a system glass panel; 1006. monitoring system aviation plug; 1007. monitoring a system housing frame; 10071. a fixing hole; 10072. a packaging hole; 1008. sampling area.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

Example 1

In the embodiment, the function of the dust deposition sensor is dust deposition pollution ratio measurement; the multi-band optical detection technology is adopted to improve the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, namely, three or more light wave bands (multi-band light source 8) are used to detect the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, and the measurement precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio is improved.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, a multi-band photovoltaic module ash deposition sensor comprises a glass panel 1, a housing frame 2, a main control circuit 3, an aviation plug 4, a light emission and feedback circuit board 6, an emission light hole 7, a multi-band light source 8, a light reflection and restraint member 9, an incident light photosensitive element 10, a light receiving circuit board 11, a light receiving hole 12, a scattered light photosensitive element 13, a first connecting frame 16 and a second connecting frame 17, wherein the main control circuit 3 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor for calibrating the temperature and humidity of detection data;

In this embodiment, the housing frame 2 is cylindrical, the center of the top of the housing frame 2 is provided with an open cavity structure with a closed circumference and a closed bottom, the open top area of the housing frame 2 is a through hole, that is, a sampling area, the glass panel 1 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sampling area of the housing frame 2 (or the glass panel 1 using a photovoltaic module or other medium as an ash deposition sensor), the surface of the sampling area can be tightly attached to the glass panel 1 by adhesion fixation or other fixation methods or other production processes, the main control circuit 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the housing frame 2 through bolts or screws, the inner wall of the bottom of the housing frame 2 is provided with a threaded column adapted to the bolts or screws, and referring to fig. 3, the bottom of the housing frame 2 is further provided with a housing frame packaging hole 201.

Referring to fig. 4, one end of the first connecting frame 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the housing frame 2 through bolts or screws, one end of the second connecting frame 17 is fixed to the side wall of the housing frame 2, the other end of the second connecting frame is fixed to the other end of the first connecting frame 16, the first connecting frame 16 and the second connecting frame 17 can also be in an integrated structure, the first connecting frame 16 and the second connecting frame 17 divide the whole cavity structure into an upper half cavity and a lower half cavity, wherein the upper half cavity forms the sampling chamber 5, and the main control circuit 3 is in the lower half cavity; the housing frame 2 is fixedly connected with the aviation plug 4, the fixing mode can be threaded connection or integrally formed and fixed with the housing frame 2 or pre-embedded in the production process of the housing frame 2, the aviation plug 4 is a commercial part, in the embodiment, the aviation plug 4 is fixed on the front end surface of the housing frame 2 and can be positioned at other positions in the circumferential direction of the housing frame 2, and the method is not limited to the above;

In this embodiment, the first connecting frame 16 and the second connecting frame 17 are all obliquely arranged, and the connection positions thereof form a V-shaped structure, the bottom of the first connecting frame 16 is fixed with the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 and the light receiving circuit board 11, one end of the first connecting frame 16 facing the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 is provided with the light emitting hole 7, the multiband light source 8, the light reflecting and restraining member 9 and the incident light photosensitive element 10, the multiband light source 8, the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 and the main control circuit 3 are electrically connected, the light of the multiband light source 8 is emitted by the light source and scattered on the light reflecting and restraining member 9, and is irradiated on the incident light photosensitive element 10 through the light reflecting and restraining member 9, the incident light intensity of the multiband light source 8 can be detected through the incident light photosensitive element 10, and the scattered light on the scattered light photosensitive element 13 can be compared, the stability and the attenuation degree of the scattered light source 8 can be judged, the detection result of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 can be compensated, the collected incident light intensity and the scattered light can be restrained on the incident light reflecting and restraining member 9 through the incident light reflecting and the incident light reflecting member 9 on the multiband light reflecting and the incident light reflecting member 9 and the incident light reflecting and the multiband light source 9 on the incident light reflecting and the multiband light reflecting member 9.

The multiband light source 8 in this embodiment takes white light (350 nm to 1100nm or 400nm to 700nm or other whole wave bands covering absorption of the photovoltaic module), blue light (about 460 nm), green light (about 520 nm) and red light (about 620 nm) as examples, but is not limited thereto, the multiband light source 8 irradiates the glass panel 1 through the emission light hole 7, the transmission light formed outside the glass panel 1 and the reflection light and the scattered light inside the glass panel 1, the first connecting frame 16 is further provided with the receiving light hole 12 and the scattered light photosensor 13, the receiving light hole 12 is located at the left side of the emission light hole 7, the scattered light photosensor 13 is placed on the scattering path of the multiband light source 8 and is used for receiving the scattered light of the multiband light source, and the scattered light irradiates the scattered light photosensor 13 through the receiving light hole 12.

Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the sampling window area is located below the glass panel 1 and is located in the middle of the top of the housing frame 2, an electric heating component such as a heating plate 20 or a heating resistor is disposed below the glass panel 1, and is used for heating the glass panel, so as to prevent condensation, frost and ice in the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor, and simultaneously, snow above the dust accumulation sensor can be melted and evaporation of water can be accelerated, so as to keep the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor dry, and improve the detection accuracy of the dust accumulation pollution ratio, or the electric heating component can be disposed at any position of the housing frame 2, and the heating function can be started and closed by sending an instruction to the main control circuit 3, or the heating function can be started and closed according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity (detected by the temperature and humidity sensor), or according to the detected data of the sensor having the influence on the dust accumulation ratio due to non-dust accumulation factors such as rain, snow, ice and frost.

The using method comprises the following steps:

Referring to fig. 37, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes occur when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, when soot is deposited on the glass panel 1, scattering and absorption are enhanced, transmission is reduced, scattering intensity and transmission intensity are in a certain proportional relationship, and reflected intensity change is related to the properties of soot deposited particles, and the influence of the soot deposited panel (glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted by the incident intensity and scattering intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), and the soot deposition pollution rate can be calculated by using formulas 3 to 4.

Referring to fig. 38, after the dust deposition sensor is powered, the main control circuit 3 controls the multiband light source 1 to sequentially emit white light, blue light, green light and red light, irradiates onto the glass panel 1, and cooperates with the scattered light photosensitive element 13 to receive intensity signals of each band of light waves after passing through the glass panel 1, the signals remove interference of background light Rb through demodulation to form available incident light Ri signals, the main control circuit 3 sends observation instructions to the light emission and feedback circuit board 6, the light emission and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits each band of light waves, meanwhile, the light emission and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13, the signals remove interference of background light (which is completed through demodulation) to form available incident light and scattered light signals, and the temperature and humidity inside the current sensor are collected by the main control circuit 3 through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light and scattered light signals.

The using method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting background light intensity Rb, incident light intensity Ri, scattered light intensity Rd and temperature data, and then calculating the gray scale pollution ratio of four wave bands of white light, blue light, green light and red light through a formula 3, wherein the gray scale pollution ratio data obtained through white light calculation is a wide-wave band gray scale pollution ratio, and the gray scale pollution ratio obtained through blue light, green light and red light calculation can be calculated through a formula 4 to obtain a full-spectrum gray scale pollution ratio;

Humidity threshold RH₀ (e.g., RH₀ =60%) can be set by using humidity data as criteria of data quality, and when RH < RH₀ in the sensor is valid; when RH > RH₀ in the sensor, the data is invalid, and the internal desiccant and the sealing ring need to be replaced;

Equation 3:

Wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a₀、A₁、A₂、A₃: is a constant;

equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ^-α) +γ+f×t

Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;

The gray deposition pollution ratio of white light (including blue light, green light, red light and the like) namely the wide-band gray deposition pollution ratio can be calculated through the formula 3, fitting parameters such as beta, alpha, gamma and the like can be calculated through the combination of the formula 3 and the formula 4, and the gray deposition pollution ratio of light waves with different wavelengths lambda can be calculated through substituting the corresponding light wave wavelengths such as blue light, green light, red light and the like into the formula 4; further, the average value is calculated through the dust pollution ratio of the light waves with different wavelengths lambda (the dust pollution ratio SR (lambda) is more accurate than the dust pollution ratio calculated by the formula 3);

Dust types were classified by calculating the Angstrom absorption index (Absorption Angstrom Exponent, AAE) and Angstrom extinction index (Extinction Angstrom Exponent, EAE) from the observed data. The AAE and EAE calculations are according to formulas 5-9.

When AAE >1.5, EAE <1, sand;

When AAE=1 to 1.7 and EAE >1.8, the smoke is fume;

when AAE <1.5, eae=1.5-1.8, it is urban and industrial dust;

the thresholds of the specific AAE and EAE may be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Equation 5:

equation 6:

Wherein, C_aλ1: a light wave absorption coefficient of lambda₁; c_aλ2: a light wave absorption coefficient of lambda₂; c_eλ1: an extinction coefficient of a light wave with a wavelength lambda₁; c_eλ2: an extinction coefficient of a light wave with a wavelength lambda₂; lambda₁ and lambda₂: representing wavelength;

Equation 7:

Equation 8:

wherein, C_aλ: representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c_eλ: an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt_λ: representing the intensity of light transmitted by the light wave at wavelength λ (calculated by equation 9 in this example); rd_λ: representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri_λ: representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c₀、C₁、C₂: is a constant;

Equation 9: rt (Rt)_λ＝D₀×Rd_λ+D₁

Wherein Rt_λ: representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd_λ: representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; d₀、D₁ are constant.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust collecting sensor is different in structure, in this embodiment, the housing frame 2 is rectangular, and has a compact structure, so that it is convenient to integrate onto a panel such as a photovoltaic module, the second connecting frame 17 is horizontally arranged, and the rest of the structures and functions in the sensor are the same as those in embodiment 1.

Example 3

The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the dust deposition sensor in the present embodiment adds the reflected light intensity measurement, so that the detection accuracy of the dust deposition pollution rate and the recognition capability of the dust deposition type (calculated by the formula 12) can be partially improved.

Referring to fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12, in the present embodiment, the second connecting frame 17 is provided with another light receiving hole 12, the light receiving hole 12 is embedded with a reflective light photosensitive element 14 for measuring the dust accumulation type, and the reflective light photosensitive element 14 is disposed on the reflective path of the multiband light source 8.

The using method comprises the following steps: when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes can occur, when the glass panel 1 is provided with dust deposit, the scattering and absorption are enhanced, the transmission is reduced, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity are in a certain proportion relation, the reflected intensity change is related to the property of dust deposit particles, the influence of the dust deposit panel (the glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted through the incident intensity, the scattering intensity and the reflection intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), the dust deposit pollution rate is calculated by using the formula 4 and the formulas 10-12, and the recognition of the dust deposit type is realized by using the formulas 5-7.

After the dust accumulation sensor supplies power, the main control circuit 3 sends an observation instruction to the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits light waves of each waveband, meanwhile, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives intensity signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the reflected light photosensitive element 14, background light interference is eliminated through demodulation of the signals to form available incident light, scattered light and reflected light signals, the main control circuit 3 collects temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light, the scattered light and the reflected light signals.

Embodiment 3 is based on embodiment 1, and adds the measurement of reflected light intensity (Rr), so as to realize the measurement of the dust pollution ratio and the recognition function of the dust type, and the calculation process is the same as that of embodiments 1 and 2, but the calculation of each parameter adopts formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;

Equation 10:

Wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a₀、A₁、A₂、A₃、A₄: is a constant;

equation 11:

Wherein, C_eλ: an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt_λ: representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd_λ: representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri_λ: representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr_λ: representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c₀、C₁、C₂、C₃ are all calibration constants;

Equation 12: rt (Rt)_λ＝D₀×Rd_λ+D₁×Rr_λ+D₂

Wherein Rt_λ: representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd_λ: a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr_λ: representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d₀、D₁、D₂: is constant.

Example 4

Referring to fig. 16, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust accumulation sensor has a rectangular housing frame 2, which is compact, so as to be integrated on a panel such as a photovoltaic module, the reflective light photosensitive element 14 in the present embodiment is fixed on the third connecting frame 18, the third connecting frame 18 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity, the bottom of the third connecting frame is propped against the top of the second connecting frame 17, the third connecting frame 18 is provided with a light receiving hole 12, the reflective light is transmitted to the reflective light photosensitive element 14 through the light receiving hole 12, and the second connecting frame 17 is horizontally arranged.

Example 5

Referring to fig. 20, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the ash deposition sensor in the present embodiment adds the transmitted light intensity measurement, so as to partially improve the detection accuracy of the ash deposition pollution rate and the recognition capability of the ash deposition type. The top of the glass panel 1 is also provided with a fourth connecting frame 19, the fourth connecting frame 19 is provided with a light receiving hole 12, a light transmission photosensitive element 15 is embedded in the light receiving hole 12, the light transmission photosensitive element 15 is positioned on an incident (transmission) path of the multiband light source and is positioned on the outer side of the glass panel 1, and the light transmission photosensitive element 15 is used for receiving the transmitted light of the multiband light source.

The using method comprises the following steps: when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes can occur, when the glass panel 1 is provided with dust deposit, the scattering and absorption are enhanced, the transmission is reduced, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity are in a certain proportion relation, the transmitted intensity change is related to the property of dust deposit particles, the influence of the dust deposit panel (the glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted through the incident intensity, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), the dust deposit pollution rate is calculated by using the formula 4 and the formula 13, and the recognition of the dust deposit type is realized by using the formulas 5-8.

After the dust accumulation sensor supplies power, the main control circuit 3 sends an observation instruction to the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits light waves of each waveband, meanwhile, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives intensity signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the transmitted light photosensitive element 15, background light interference is eliminated through demodulation of the signals to form available incident light, scattered light and transmitted light signals, the main control circuit 3 collects temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light, the scattered light and the transmitted light signals.

Example 5 on the basis of example 1, the measurement of transmitted light intensity (Rt) is added, so that the measurement of the dust accumulation pollution ratio can be realized, the recognition function of the dust accumulation type is realized, the calculation process is the same as that of examples 1 and 2, but the calculation of each parameter adopts formulas 4 to 8 and 13;

equation 13:

Wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a₀、A₁、A₂、A₃、A₄: is constant.

Example 6

Referring to fig. 24, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust sensor has a rectangular shape, and the housing frame 2 has a compact structure, so that it is convenient to integrate onto a panel such as a photovoltaic module.

Example 7

Referring to fig. 25 and 28, an ash deposition monitoring system includes an ash deposition sensor 1001, two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002, two groups of back plate temperature sensors 1003, a monitoring system main control circuit 1004, a monitoring system glass panel 1005, a monitoring system aviation plug 1006, and a monitoring system housing frame 1007, where the main control circuit includes a gyroscope for measuring an inclination angle and an attitude of the ash deposition monitoring system, and the main control circuit has one or more wireless communication functions, such as bluetooth, WIFI, loRa, NB-IOT, zigBee, 4G, or other wireless communication modes, so as to implement wireless communication, data transmission and calibration operation of the device.

Referring to fig. 28, a monitoring system housing frame 1007 is embedded with an ash deposition sensor 1001, where the ash deposition sensor 1001 may be a sensor in embodiment 1, or may be any one of the ash deposition sensors 1001 in embodiments 2 to 6, a monitoring system glass panel 1005 is fixed on the top of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, a photovoltaic cell 1002 is packaged at the bottom of the monitoring system glass panel 1005, a back plate temperature sensor 1003 is fixed on the back surface of the photovoltaic cell 1002, or may be adhered or otherwise fixed on the back surface of the monitoring system glass panel 1005, one ash deposition sensor 1001 corresponds to two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002, the two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 may be located at the left side and the right side of the ash deposition sensor 1001 for calibrating an ash deposition pollution ratio, and the number and positions of the back plate temperature sensors 1003 are changed according to actual requirements, in embodiment 1 of the monitoring system, two back plate temperature sensors 1003 are used; the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, and is electrically connected to the dust deposition sensor 1001, the photovoltaic cell 1002 and the back plate temperature sensor 1003, and referring to fig. 25 and 27, a plurality of fixing holes 10071 are formed in the monitoring system housing frame 1007, and a packaging hole 10072 is formed in the bottom;

It should be noted that, the monitoring system glass panel 1005 is fixed on the surface of the housing frame sampling area 1008 (or the monitoring system glass panel 1005 using a medium such as a photovoltaic module as a dust deposition sensor, fixing the dust deposition sensor on the photovoltaic module or the medium to be measured, and measuring the dust deposition degree of the photovoltaic module), which is used as a dust accumulation panel and provides a measurement window for the dust deposition sensor 1001, the monitoring system housing frame 1007 is fixedly connected with the monitoring system aviation plug 1006, the fixing manner may be threaded connection or integrally fixed with the monitoring system housing frame 1007 or pre-buried in the production process of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, the aviation plug 4 is a commercially available part, in this embodiment, the aviation plug 4 is fixed on the front end surface of the housing frame 2, or may be located at other positions in the circumferential direction of the housing frame 2, which is not limited thereto;

In this embodiment, the sampling window area is located below the glass panel 1005 of the monitoring system and is located in the middle of the top of the housing frame 2 of the sensor, or may be set in the housing frame 1007 of the monitoring system or at any position outside the housing frame 1007 of the monitoring system, in this embodiment, the heating plate 20 or an electric heating component such as a heating resistor is disposed below the glass panel 1005 of the monitoring system, and is used for heating the glass panel, so as to prevent condensation, frost and ice in the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor, and meanwhile, the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor can be melted and evaporated in an accelerated manner, so as to keep the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor dry, improve the detection accuracy of the dust accumulation pollution ratio, and can start and close the heating function by sending an instruction to the monitoring system main control circuit 1004, or set a threshold according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity (detected by the temperature and humidity sensor), or according to the detected data of the sensor having the influence on the dust accumulation ratio by non-dust accumulation factors such as rain, snow, ice and frost.

Working principle: after the dust accumulation monitoring system is powered on, a monitoring system main control circuit 1004 acquires dust accumulation pollution ratio data of the dust accumulation sensor 1001 by sending an observation instruction to the dust accumulation sensor 1001, acquires the inclination angle and the posture of the dust accumulation monitoring system by a gyroscope, sends the data to a user host or a cloud through a communication interface, and can be connected with a rain sensor, a rainfall sensor, a snow depth instrument and other equipment with the function of detecting the change of the dust accumulation ratio due to non-dust accumulation factors or equipment with the function of detecting the quality of the dust accumulation ratio data to realize the quality control of the pollution ratio data;

When the soot pollution ratio data is required to be calibrated, the real soot pollution ratio (SR_RC) is measured through the photovoltaic cell 1002, the soot pollution ratio data (SR₀) obtained through the soot sensor 1001 is calculated through a formula 14 to obtain a calibration coefficient k, and the calibration of a soot monitoring system is completed through input equipment;

Equation 14: k=sr_RC/SR₀

Wherein, k: representing the calibration coefficient of the dust deposition pollution ratio;

Wherein, each deposition sensor 1001 in the deposition monitoring system corresponds to at least two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 (RC₁ and RC₂), and when calibrated, according to IEC61724-1:2021 standard can measure the true soot pollution ratio SR_RC using short-circuit current method or maximum power method.

The soot monitoring system in this embodiment supports these two measurement methods, and the specific calibration and calculation processes are as follows:

(a) Short circuit current method: firstly, cleaning RC₁, and keeping the dust accumulation state of RC₂; secondly, measuring a short-circuit current I_SC1 of RC₁ and a back plate temperature T₁, simultaneously measuring a short-circuit current I_SC2 of RC₂ and a back plate temperature T₂, and reading an ash accumulation pollution ratio SR₀ of an ash accumulation sensor; thirdly, calculating effective radiation (EFFECTIVE IRRADIANCE, abbreviated as EI) using equation 15; calculating a theoretical short-circuit current I_SC21 of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding by using a formula 16; fifthly, calculating a soot pollution ratio SR_RC of the photovoltaic cell by using a formula 17; step six, calculating a soot pollution ratio calibration coefficient k by using a formula 14;

equation 15:

Equation 16: i_SC21＝I_SC20(1+α×(T₂-T₀))×(EI/EI₀)

Equation 17: SR (SR)_RC＝I_SC2/I_SC21

Wherein, EI: representing the effective radiation intensity under live conditions;

EI₀: the radiation intensity under standard conditions is represented as a constant of 1000W/m²;

alpha: the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic cell is expressed and is a factory constant;

t₀: represents the temperature under standard conditions, and is constant (typically 25 ℃);

T₁: representing the live temperature of the clean photovoltaic cell slice;

T₂: representing the live temperature of the ash deposition photovoltaic cell;

I_SC10: short-circuit current of the clean photovoltaic cell under standard conditions is expressed as a factory constant;

I_SC1: indicating the short-circuit current of the clean photovoltaic cell;

I_SC21: the theoretical short-circuit current of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is shown;

i_SC20: short-circuit current of the gray photovoltaic cell under standard conditions is shown as a factory constant;

I_SC2: representing live short-circuit current of the gray photovoltaic cell;

SR_RC: and the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic cell.

(B) Maximum power method: firstly, cleaning RC₁, and keeping the dust accumulation state of RC₂; secondly, measuring short-circuit current I_SC1 and backboard temperature T₁ of RC₁, simultaneously measuring maximum power P_max2 and backboard temperature T₂ of RC₂, and reading dust accumulation pollution ratio SR₀ of a dust accumulation sensor; thirdly, calculating effective radiation EI by using a formula 15; fourthly, calculating theoretical maximum power P_max21 of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding by using a formula 18; fifthly, calculating a soot pollution ratio SR_RC of the photovoltaic cell by using a formula 19; sixth, the soot pollution ratio calibration coefficient k is generated (formula 14).

Equation 18: p_max21＝P_max20×(1+γ×(T₂-T₀))×(EI/EI₀)

Equation 19: SR (SR)_RC＝P_max2/P_max21

P_max21: the theoretical maximum power of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is represented;

P_max20: the maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell under the standard condition is represented as a factory constant;

P_max2: representing the live maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell;

gamma: the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic cell is expressed and is a factory constant;

t₀: represents the temperature under standard conditions, and is constant (typically 25 ℃);

T₂: representing the live temperature of the ash deposition photovoltaic cell;

EI: representing the effective radiation intensity under live conditions;

EI₀: the radiation intensity under standard conditions is represented as a constant of 1000W/m²;

SR_RC: and the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic cell.

The application method of the dust accumulation monitoring system comprises the following steps:

The first step, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 records the pollution ratio data of the current dust deposition sensor 1001 and sends an instruction to the maximum power measuring circuit (monitoring system main control circuit 1004), the maximum power measuring circuit measures the maximum power point and short circuit current of each photovoltaic cell 1002 and records the maximum power point and short circuit current, and the main control circuit 1004 obtains the current temperature of each photovoltaic cell 1002 through the back plate temperature sensor 1003 and records the current temperature;

Secondly, after cleaning a group of photovoltaic cells 1002 corresponding to each dust accumulation sensor 1001, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 records the pollution ratio data of each dust accumulation sensor 1001, the maximum power point of each photovoltaic cell 1002, the short-circuit current data and the temperature data of the photovoltaic cell 1002 again;

Third, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 calculates the calibration coefficient by using equation 14 in combination with the above measured numbers, and solving the live soot pollution ratio by using the short-circuit current method or the maximum power method described above;

Fourth, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 writes the calibration coefficient into the system after automatic or manual confirmation to complete the calibration of the dust sensor.

Example 8

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 7 is that two groups of photovoltaic cells are added in the monitoring system in the embodiment, so that the uniformity degree of deposited ash on the glass panel can be represented;

Referring to fig. 32, four photovoltaic cells 1002 in this embodiment are disposed and distributed on two sides of the soot sensor, so as to characterize the uniformity of soot on the glass panel. Two groups of photovoltaic cells are used for measuring the real dust deposition pollution ratio of one side of the dust deposition sensor, and the other two groups of photovoltaic cells are used for measuring the real dust deposition pollution ratio of the other side of the dust deposition sensor. When the dust deposition pollution ratios at the two sides are the same, the dust deposition on the panel is indicated to be uniform; when the difference of the dust deposition pollution ratios at the two sides is larger, the dust deposition on the panel is indicated to be non-uniform; the difference between the using method and the embodiment 7 is that in the third step, when the four photovoltaic cells are used for calibrating the dust accumulation sensor, two calibration coefficients k₁ and k₂ are obtained by using the formula 14, and when the two calibration coefficients k₁ and k₂ are input into the system, the average value of the two calibration coefficients can be adopted.

Example 9

The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 is that three dust collecting sensors 1001 are disposed in this embodiment, and the three dust collecting sensors 1001 in this embodiment are linearly and equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, where the sampling windows are all located on the center line of the monitoring system housing frame 1007; of course, the distribution can be linear non-equidistant distribution, or the distribution can be correspondingly arranged in the area needing to be sampled;

Because three deposition sensors 1001 are arranged, six groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 are correspondingly arranged, each deposition sensor 1001 corresponds to two groups of cells 1002, and the two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 are arranged on two sides of the deposition sensor, so that the uniformity degree of deposition on a glass panel can be represented, and the single deposition sensor 1001 is calibrated; the independent calibration of the specific photovoltaic cell 1002 on the ash deposition sensor of the corresponding sampling window is supported through the plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 which are independently collected, the calibration of the ash deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module under the real scene of uniform ash deposition and non-uniform ash deposition can be adapted, and the expansion interface of the ash deposition monitoring system can be connected with a rain sensor, a rainfall sensor, a snow depth instrument and the like, so that equipment for detecting the change of the ash deposition ratio due to non-ash deposition factors or equipment for detecting the quality of the ash deposition ratio data are provided, and the quality control of the pollution ratio data is realized;

The data of the soot pollution ratio observed by each soot sensor 1001 may be output independently, or may be output by weighted average according to formula 20, so as to realize high-precision measurement and cost control of the soot pollution ratio in various soot scenes such as uniform and non-uniform;

equation 20:

Wherein,

SR: the ash deposition pollution ratio after weighted average;

SR_i: the soot pollution ratio observed by the soot sensor 1001 at different positions on the soot monitoring system panel is shown;

a₀,a₁…a_i (i=0, 1 … n): the weight coefficient represents the average contribution rate of the accumulated ash pollution ratio of each part of the panel of the accumulated ash monitoring system to the whole panel, and can be set according to the power generation characteristic of the photovoltaic panel. When a₀＝0,a_i =1 (i= … n), a conventional averaging algorithm is used to represent a uniformly gray scene.

The dust collection monitoring system can be provided with one dust collection sensor 1001 and three dust collection sensors 1001, and can be flexibly provided with two dust collection sensors 1001 or more dust collection sensors 1001 so as to reflect dust collection conditions of different parts of the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing high-precision measurement of dust collection pollution ratio under uniform and non-uniform real dust collection scenes.

The dust accumulation monitoring system also has a Bluetooth connection function, can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as a mobile phone and a computer with the Bluetooth connection function, receives and checks dust accumulation monitoring data through APP software or a small program, performs setting and calibration operations on equipment and the like, can use other wireless communication functions such as WIFI, loRa, NB-IOT, zigBee, 4G or other wireless communication modes besides the Bluetooth connection mode, and can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as a mobile phone and a computer with corresponding connection functions, and receive and check the dust accumulation monitoring data through APP software or the small program, perform setting and calibration operations on the equipment and the like;

The main control circuit 3 controls the multiband light source 1 to sequentially emit white light, blue light, green light and red light, and irradiates the multiband light source 1 onto the glass panel 1, and the scattered light photosensitive element 13 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 1 or 2 and the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the reflected light photosensitive element 14 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 3 or 4 or the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the transmitted light photosensitive element 15 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 5 or 6 synchronously receive intensity signals of each band of light wave after the light wave passes through the glass panel 1, and these signals are interfered by the background light (Rb) by demodulation and rejection to form available incident light (Ri), scattered light (Rd), reflected light (Rr) or transmitted light (Rt) signals. The main control circuit 3 collects the temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and compensates the incident light, scattered light, reflected light or transmitted light signals by utilizing the temperature and humidity data so as to improve the detection precision.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and are not limiting; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a multiband photovoltaic module deposition sensor, its characterized in that includes shell frame, glass panel, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, photosensitive element, master control circuit, heating plate, glass panel encloses with shell frame and closes fixedly and form a inclosed cavity structure, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, master control circuit, heating plate are all fixed in the cavity, just master control circuit and multiband light source, photosensitive element, light emission and feedback circuit board, heating plate electric connection, multiband light source is used for transmitting the light wave of a plurality of wave bands and causes it to incident to glass panel, photosensitive element is used for receiving the light intensity signal behind each wave band light wave through glass panel, still be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor on the master control circuit, the receiving unthreaded hole has all been seted up in the photosensitive element outside.

2. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and are fixedly arranged in the cavity and are electrically connected with the light emitting and feedback circuit board, the multi-band light source is fixedly connected with the incident light photosensitive element through the light emitting and feedback circuit board, the light emitting and feedback circuit board is connected with the scattered light photosensitive element through the light receiving circuit board, the incident path of the incident light is provided with a light reflecting and restraining element, the light reflecting and restraining element is used for adjusting the light intensity of the multi-band light source incident on the incident light photosensitive element, the housing frame is connected with an aviation plug, the main control circuit is fixedly arranged on the inner wall at the bottom of the cavity, and the housing frame is a cylinder or a cube.

3. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element fixedly arranged in the cavity, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda, and the reflected light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are used for distinguishing dust types.

4. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 2, further comprising a light-transmitting photosensitive element positioned outside the cavity, the light-transmitting photosensitive element electrically connected to the light-emitting and feedback circuit board, the light-transmitting photosensitive element configured to detect transmitted light intensity of a light wave having a wavelength λ.

5. The multi-band photovoltaic module dust sensor of claim 1, wherein a first connecting frame is fixedly connected in the cavity, the multi-band light source, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are fixedly connected with the first connecting frame, a light receiving hole matched with the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element is further formed in the first connecting frame, and the first connecting frame is further connected and fastened with the inner wall of the shell frame through a second connecting frame.

6. An ash deposition monitoring system comprising the multi-band photovoltaic module ash deposition sensor according to any one of claims 1-5, and is characterized by comprising an ash deposition sensor, a monitoring system shell frame, a photovoltaic cell unit, a back plate temperature sensor, a monitoring system main control circuit and a monitoring system glass panel, wherein the monitoring system main control circuit is electrically connected with the ash deposition sensor, the photovoltaic cell unit and the back plate temperature sensor, the monitoring system glass panel is fixed on the end face of a sampling area of the monitoring system shell frame and surrounds the monitoring system shell frame to form a closed cavity structure, the ash deposition sensor and the photovoltaic cell unit are fixed at the bottom of the monitoring system glass panel, the back plate temperature sensor is fixed at the bottom of the photovoltaic cell unit, the ash deposition sensor is fixedly arranged on the monitoring system shell frame and is used for measuring the ash deposition pollution ratio, and the photovoltaic cell unit is used for measuring the ash deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic cell.

7. The ash deposition monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit comprises two groups of photovoltaic cells, and a maximum power measuring circuit for measuring the maximum power of the solar cells is arranged on the monitoring system main control circuit.

8. The soot monitoring system of claim 6, wherein said photovoltaic cell unit comprises four groups of photovoltaic cells, said four groups of photovoltaic cells being positioned on each side of the soot sensor and being used to measure soot contamination ratios on each side of the soot sensor.

9. The soot monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the soot sensor is provided in plurality, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells, the plurality of soot sensors are respectively provided in different areas of the monitoring system panel, and two groups of photovoltaic cells are correspondingly provided in each area.

10. The soot monitoring system of claim 6, further comprising a system expansion interface connected to an external device comprising a rain sensor or a snow depth meter, and further comprising a bluetooth connection module for communication connection with a mobile terminal.