Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the aim is to provide a traction machine.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a traction machine mainly comprises: the shell, the rotor and the traction sheave;
the rotor is arranged in the shell, at least two parallel magnetic steels are arranged on the rotor, at least two parallel stator windings are arranged in the shell, the stator windings are in one-to-one correspondence with the magnetic steels to form a plurality of motors, the traction sheave is coaxially connected with one end of the rotor, and part or all of the motors can be selectively connected into a circuit of the elevator through the arrangement of a plurality of separating switches so as to obtain a plurality of different output powers.
In one such machine, there is also the feature that each of the motors is provided with one of the sub-switches to switch the motor on or off the elevator circuit.
The traction machine further includes a main control switch provided on a junction line of all the lead-out circuits of the motors.
In the above traction machine, the rotor is rotatably connected to the housing through a bearing.
In the traction machine, the length of the magnetic steel is the same as the axial length of the corresponding stator winding.
The traction machine also has the characteristics that the lengths of a plurality of magnetic steels are the same, and the lengths of a plurality of stator windings are the same; or the lengths of the magnetic steels are different, and the lengths of the stator windings are different.
A traction machine control method, the traction machine being the traction machine described above, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, acquiring the running state of an elevator and the required output power;
and secondly, selecting a close motor combination model according to the running state and the output power, and then opening a corresponding motor.
The above-described traction machine control method further has a feature that the opening of the corresponding motor is opening of a separate switch of the corresponding motor.
The above-mentioned traction machine control method further has a feature that the first step further includes: all motor combination models formed by all motors are stored in advance, wherein the combination models comprise the switch and the total output power of the motors.
The technical scheme has the positive effects that:
according to the traction machine and the control method thereof, part or all of motors can be selectively connected into the circuit of the elevator, so that a plurality of different output powers can be obtained, namely, the output power of the traction machine is variable, so that the traction machine outputs different driving powers according to different running conditions under different loads, meanwhile, when a problem occurs in a single winding coil of the traction machine, the circuit of the traction machine can be disconnected, other winding coils can be used for emergency work, the traction machine is ensured not to stop, and the reliability of the traction machine is improved. And during high-power operation, because a plurality of motors are controlled in parallel, the design input current can be reduced, and the voltage-resistant and current-resistant value requirements of the electrical element are reduced. When the low-power electric motor operates under low power, only a single winding or a part of windings are connected, so that the length of the effective resistance is reduced, and copper loss and heat consumption are reduced.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to examples, which are provided to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
The numbering of components herein, such as "first," "second," etc., is used merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "coupled" and "connected," as used herein, are intended to encompass both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated. In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
As can be seen from the construction of the elevators, since the weight of the counterweight 300, the self-weight of the car 200, and the balance factor are all fixed once each elevator is installed, the actual load of the car 200 becomes the only variable affecting the unbalance amount of both sides of the traction machine 100 every time it is operated. When the unbalance amount of both sides of the traction machine 100 is large, if the elevator operation direction is reverse to the unbalance amount torque, the traction machine 100 needs to pay a large power, consuming more electric energy. When the weights of both sides of the traction machine 100 are balanced, the power output from the traction machine 100 is minimized.
According to the technical scheme, the assembly process of the stator windings 105 and the rotor magnetic steel 104 is changed, so that at least two groups of magnetic poles are combined in one traction machine 100, namely at least two stator windings 105 and at least two lengths of magnetic steel 104 are in one-to-one correspondence, and parallel control of a plurality of motors is substantially formed. When the elevator car 200 is operated at a low load up or at a high load down, the traction machine 100 needs to overcome both side imbalance torque and mechanical loss or provide braking torque, outputting a large power. When the car 200 is operated with a balanced load (i.e., weight balance on both sides of the traction machine 100), the power output from the traction machine 100 is minimized.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the present utility model discloses a traction machine 100, the traction machine 100 comprising: a casing 101, a rotor 102, and a traction sheave 103;
the rotor 102 is arranged in the housing 101, at least two parallel magnetic steels 104 are arranged on the rotor 102, at least two parallel stator windings 105 are arranged in the housing 101, the stator windings 105 and the magnetic steels 104 are in one-to-one correspondence to form a plurality of motors, the traction sheave 103 is coaxially connected with one end of the rotor 102, and part or all of the motors can be selectively connected into a circuit of the elevator through the arrangement of a plurality of separating switches so as to obtain a plurality of different output powers.
Further, each motor is provided with one of the sub-switches to switch the motor on or off the elevator circuit.
Further, the motor also comprises a main control switch K, wherein the main control switch K is arranged on the junction lines of all the lead-out circuits of the motor.
Wherein the rotor 102 is rotatably connected with the housing 101 through a bearing (not shown), and the traction sheave 103 is coaxially connected with the rotor 102. The connection of the rotor 102 to the housing 101 and the connection of the traction sheave 103 to the rotor 102 are well-established in the field of traction machines 100 and will not be described in detail here.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, two parallel magnetic steels 104 are disposed on the rotor 102, two parallel stator windings 105 are disposed in the housing 101, the stator windings 105 and the magnetic steels 104 are in one-to-one correspondence to form two motors M, respectively M1 and M2, as shown in fig. 3, when the elevator car 200 operates at a low load or a high load, the traction machine 100 needs to overcome unbalanced torque and mechanical loss on both sides or provide braking torque, and output larger power. When the car 200 is operated with a balanced load (i.e., weight balance on both sides of the traction machine 100), the power output from the traction machine 100 is minimized. As shown in fig. 2, M1 is a main magnetic pole combination, M2 is a sub magnetic pole combination, and a parallel structure of a motor (also referred to as a motor) M1 and a motor M2 is substantially formed. As shown in fig. 4, K is a total control switch, K1 and K2 are separate switches, when three-phase alternating current is supplied to the coils, the stator winding 105 generates a rotating electromagnetic field to push the rotor 102 to rotate, and outputs driving torque, and the stator coil winding circuit control schematic diagram of M1 and M2 is shown in fig. 3, when K, K1 is closed and K2 is not closed, M1 operates independently, and the power thereof is a first value, for example, in a specific embodiment, the first value is 11Kw; when K, K2 is closed and K1 is not, M2 operates independently with a second power value, e.g., in one particular embodiment, 3.7Kw; when K, K, K2 are simultaneously closed, M1, M2 are simultaneously operated with a third value of power, for example, in one particular embodiment, 15Kw. Specific numerical values are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application.
As shown in fig. 3, the weight of counterweight 300 is W1, the self weight of car 200 is G1, the actual load of the elevator is G2, g1+g2=w2.
In the first case, when W1> > W2, the actual load is 0 in the limit state, and when the car 200 is in the downward direction, the elevator control system determines according to the weight of the car 200 and the elevator running direction, and the hoisting machine 100 needs to overcome the larger reverse unbalanced torque and mechanical loss, so that the hoisting machine 100 needs to output higher power, K, K1 and K2 are closed simultaneously, and M1 and M2 are operated simultaneously, and the hoisting machine 100 is operated at 15kw.
In the second case, when W1> > W2, in the limit state, the actual load is 0, and when the car 200 is moving upward, the elevator control system determines according to the weight of the car 200 and the elevator moving direction, and at this time, the moving direction of the traction machine 100 is in the same direction as the larger unbalanced torque, and the traction machine 100 only needs to provide braking torque, at this time K, K is closed, K2 is not closed, and M1 is independently operated, at this time, the traction machine 100 is operated with 11kw power.
In the third condition, when W1< < W2, in the limit state, the car 200 reaches the rated load, and when the car 200 moves downwards, the elevator control system judges according to the weight in the car 200 and the elevator moving direction, at the moment, the moving direction of the traction machine 100 is in the same direction with the larger unbalanced torque, the traction machine 100 only needs to provide braking torque, at the moment, K, K1 is closed, K2 is not closed, M1 independently moves, and at the moment, the traction machine 100 moves with 11kw power.
In the fourth case, when W1< < W2, in the limit state, the car 200 reaches the rated load, and when the car 200 moves upward, the elevator control system determines according to the weight of the car 200 and the elevator moving direction, and the traction machine 100 needs to overcome the larger reverse unbalanced torque and mechanical loss, so that the traction machine 100 needs to output higher power, K, K1 and K2 are closed simultaneously, and M1 and M2 are operated simultaneously, and the traction machine 100 is operated at 15kw.
In the fifth case, when w1=w2, the weights at both sides of the traction machine 100 are balanced, no matter the up-going direction or the down-going direction of the car 200, only the traction machine 100 is required to overcome the mechanical loss, the output power is minimum, at this time K, K is closed, K1 is not closed, M2 is independently operated, and at this time the traction machine 100 is operated with 3.7 kw.
Meanwhile, when one winding coil of the motors M1 and M2 has a circuit problem, the circuit can be disconnected under the condition of ensuring safety, and the other winding can be used for emergency work, so that the traction machine is not immediately stopped for maintenance, the fault tolerance of the traction machine is greatly improved, and the safety and reliability are improved. During high-power operation, the M1 and M2 are controlled in parallel, so that the design input current can be reduced, and the requirement limit on the withstand voltage and the withstand current value of each electric element in a driving and controlling circuit is reduced. When M1 or M2 operates independently, the length of the effective resistance is reduced by only connecting a single winding, so that copper loss and heat consumption can be reduced to a certain extent.
Optionally, the length of the magnetic steel 104 is the same as the axial length of the corresponding stator winding 105.
Optionally, the lengths of the plurality of magnetic steels 104 are the same, and the lengths of the plurality of stator windings 105 are the same; alternatively, the lengths of the plurality of magnetic steels 104 are different, and the lengths of the plurality of stator windings 105 are different.
According to the traction machine 100 provided by the utility model, part or all of motors can be selectively connected into a circuit of an elevator, so that a plurality of different output powers can be obtained, namely, the output power of the traction machine 100 is variable, so that the traction machine 100 can output different driving powers according to different running conditions under different loads. Meanwhile, when a problem occurs in an individual winding coil of the traction machine, the circuit of the traction machine can be disconnected, other winding coils can be used for emergency work, the traction machine is ensured not to stop, and the reliability of the traction machine is improved. And during high-power operation, because a plurality of motors are controlled in parallel, the design input current can be reduced, and the voltage-resistant and current-resistant value requirements of the electrical element are reduced. When the low-power electric motor operates under low power, only a single winding or a part of windings are connected, so that the length of the effective resistance is reduced, and copper loss and heat consumption are reduced.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the utility model and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, which are all within the scope of the utility model. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present utility model is to be determined by the appended claims.