技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其是一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉。The utility model relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures.
背景技术Background technique
由于骨盆复杂的解剖结构，骨盆骨折一直是骨科医生的一个挑战。通过微创下应用新型的锁定弹性髓内钉治疗骨盆骨折具有创伤小、出血少、操作时间短、内固定稳定可靠等优点。Pelvic fractures have always been a challenge for orthopedic surgeons due to the complex anatomy of the pelvis. The minimally invasive application of the new locking elastic intramedullary nail in the treatment of pelvic fractures has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, shorter operation time, and stable and reliable internal fixation.
骨盆骨折通常由高能损伤引起，占全身各处骨折的发生率在3％-8％。其中，损伤骨盆前后环的不稳定骨盆骨折应尽快复位固定，以恢复骨盆的稳定性。当需要手术治疗时，传统的切开复位内固定技术是治疗这些骨盆骨折的经典操作。然而，这种方法有一些缺点，手术时间长，出血多，创伤大。近年来，随着微创技术的进步和生物学内固定(Bio-Osteosynthesis,BO)概念的普及，微创盆腔手术越来越多地应用于临床实践。然而，经皮螺钉固定治疗骨盆骨折仍存在一些挑战。第一，耻骨支生理弧度大，髓腔窄。第二，由于骨盆前环的弯曲结构，空心螺钉不能很好地符合耻骨上支的生理结构和力学特性。第三，空心螺钉固定难度大。因此，为了解决上述问题，需要一种更好的固定方法或一种新型的内植物。Pelvic fractures are usually caused by high-energy injuries, accounting for 3%-8% of all fractures in the body. Among them, unstable pelvic fractures that damage the anterior and posterior rings of the pelvis should be reduced and fixed as soon as possible to restore the stability of the pelvis. When surgical treatment is required, traditional open reduction and internal fixation techniques are the classic procedure for the treatment of these pelvic fractures. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as long operation time, more bleeding and more trauma. In recent years, with the advancement of minimally invasive technology and the popularization of the concept of biological internal fixation (Bio-Osteosynthesis, BO), minimally invasive pelvic surgery has been increasingly used in clinical practice. However, there are still some challenges in the treatment of pelvic fractures with percutaneous screw fixation. First, the pubic branch has a large physiological curvature and a narrow medullary cavity. Second, due to the curved structure of the anterior pelvic ring, cannulated screws cannot well conform to the physiological structure and mechanical properties of the superior pubic rami. Third, hollow screw fixation is difficult. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a better fixation method or a new type of implant is needed.
近年来，随着弹性钛钉的普及，治疗骨盆骨折患者有了新的选择。因为钛具有“亲生物”性，在人体内，能抵抗分泌物的腐蚀且无毒，对任何杀菌方法都适应。因此被广泛用于制造医疗器械，例如人造髋关节、膝关节、肩关节、胁关节、头盖骨，主动心瓣、骨骼固定夹等。当新的肌肉纤维环包在这些“钛骨”上时，这些钛骨就开始维系着人体的正常活动。弹性钛钉具有良好的生物力学性能，包括弹性固定、轴向稳定性、横向稳定性、弯曲稳定性和抗旋转稳定性。同时，它符合生物学内固定BO概念理论优良的生物力学特性，适合骨盆骨折的治疗。但是，目前已有的弹性钛钉对于内置后的固定并不够坚强，容易退钉，术后操作需要具有丰富经验的高年资医师仔细固定。因此，在研究中使用弹性钛钉髓内固定治疗骨盆骨折时，发现这种方法特别适用于严重虚弱或多器官损伤的患者。这种治疗骨盆骨折的新技术是安全的，可以减少损伤的风险和第二次开放手术的要求，并促进患者的早期康复。In recent years, with the popularity of elastic titanium nails, there are new options for the treatment of patients with pelvic fractures. Because titanium is "biophilic", it can resist the corrosion of secretions in the human body and is non-toxic, and it is suitable for any sterilization method. Therefore, it is widely used in the manufacture of medical devices, such as artificial hip joints, knee joints, shoulder joints, flank joints, skulls, active heart valves, bone fixation clips, etc. When new muscle fiber rings are wrapped around these "titanium bones", these titanium bones begin to maintain the normal activities of the human body. Elastic titanium nails have good biomechanical properties, including elastic fixation, axial stability, lateral stability, bending stability, and anti-rotational stability. At the same time, it conforms to the excellent biomechanical properties of the biological internal fixation BO concept theory, and is suitable for the treatment of pelvic fractures. However, the existing elastic titanium nails are not strong enough for fixation after built-in, and the nails are easy to withdraw. Postoperative operations need to be carefully fixed by senior doctors with rich experience. Therefore, in the study of intramedullary fixation with elastic titanium nails for the treatment of pelvic fractures, it was found that this method is particularly suitable for patients with severe frailty or multiple organ injuries. This new technique for the treatment of pelvic fractures is safe, reduces the risk of injury and the requirement for a second open surgery, and promotes early recovery for patients.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，具有结构合理、方便手术操作、可与患者盆骨髓腔内壁紧密结合、提高骨盆骨折锁定强度的特点。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, which has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient operation, close combination with the inner wall of the pelvic bone medullary cavity of patients, and improved locking strength of pelvic fractures.
为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型所采用的技术方案是：一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，包括位于患者骨盆内的钛钉和螺帽，所述钛钉的主体杆的左端设有压扁翘头并在右端设有外螺纹，所述螺帽通过内螺纹连接在主体杆的右端，螺帽的外形与患者盆骨髓腔内壁相适配，螺帽设有粗糙的外周面。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, including a titanium nail and a nut located in the patient's pelvis. The left end of the main body rod of the titanium nail is provided with a flattened head and an external thread is provided at the right end. The nut is connected to the right end of the main body rod through an internal thread.
上述的一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，所述螺帽为设有内螺纹的套筒螺帽，所述套筒螺帽设有外螺纹。In the aforementioned locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, the nut is a sleeve nut provided with internal threads, and the sleeve nut is provided with external threads.
上述的一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，所述螺帽为设有内螺纹的圆弧外周面螺帽，所述圆弧外周面螺帽的外表面设有滚花。In the above-mentioned locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, the nut is an arc outer peripheral nut provided with internal threads, and the outer surface of the arc outer peripheral nut is provided with knurling.
上述的一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，所述钛钉的主体杆为直杆。In the aforementioned locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, the main rod of the titanium nail is a straight rod.
本实用新型提供的一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，设置了包括位于患者骨盆内的钛钉和螺帽，所述钛钉的主体杆的左端设有压扁翘头并在右端设有外螺纹，所述螺帽通过内螺纹连接在主体杆的右端，螺帽的外形与患者盆骨髓腔内壁相适配，螺帽设有粗糙的外周面。The utility model provides a locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures. It includes a titanium nail and a nut located in the patient's pelvis. The left end of the main body of the titanium nail is provided with a flattened head and the right end is provided with an external thread. The nut is connected to the right end of the main body through an internal thread. The shape of the nut is compatible with the inner wall of the patient's pelvic bone marrow cavity.
本实用新型的有益技术效果是：第一，弹性髓内钉生物相容性好，抗疲劳、耐腐蚀能力强，对骨组织干扰最小。第二，与现有的钛钉相比，弹性髓内钉直径较小，可自由穿过细长的耻骨上支和平髂骨的骨髓腔，对髓内骨的损伤最小，最大限度地保护骨折端血液供应。第三，弹性髓内钉可塑性极好，能完美贴合盆环的生理解剖结构，容易穿过骨髓腔。此外，弹性髓内钉钉头上的压扁翘头可以锚定骨头，有效抵抗骨折端旋转移位。第四，该手术操作简单，不需要重复操作，对插针角度无特殊要求，弹性髓内钉为直杆形状，适合治疗大多数骨盆前环和髂骨骨折。第五，弹性髓内钉在髓腔内弯曲，可在长骨内形成弹性力矩。第六，弹性髓内钉固定引起的骨折端微运动有利于骨折愈合。第七，根据患者骨盆的影像资料，使弹性髓内钉的螺帽外形与患者盆骨髓腔内壁相适配，可以是套筒螺帽、也可以是圆弧外周面螺帽或其他形状的螺帽，必须起到充分填充盆骨髓腔内壁空间的作用。螺帽设有粗糙的外周面，可以是螺纹表面，也可以是滚花表面，还可以加工成其他形状的粗糙表面，能与盆骨髓腔内壁紧密结合牢固固定于骨盆内，实现坚强固定。本实用新型在满足其原有钛钉的生物力学特征的基础上，在主体杆的右端增加了螺帽，具有结构合理、手术操作方便、可与患者盆骨髓腔内壁紧密结合、提高骨盆骨折锁定强度的特点。The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows: first, the elastic intramedullary nail has good biocompatibility, strong fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, and minimal interference to bone tissue. Second, compared with the existing titanium nails, the elastic intramedullary nail has a smaller diameter and can freely pass through the bone marrow cavity of the slender superior pubic ramus and flat ilium, with minimal damage to the intramedullary bone and maximum protection of the blood supply to the fracture end. Third, the elastic intramedullary nail has excellent plasticity, can perfectly fit the physiological and anatomical structure of the pelvic ring, and can easily pass through the bone marrow cavity. In addition, the flattened head on the head of the elastic intramedullary nail can anchor the bone and effectively resist the rotational displacement of the fracture end. Fourth, the operation is simple, does not require repeated operations, and has no special requirements on the angle of the needle insertion. The elastic intramedullary nail is in the shape of a straight rod, which is suitable for the treatment of most anterior pelvic ring and ilium fractures. Fifth, the elastic intramedullary nail bends in the medullary cavity, which can form an elastic moment in the long bone. Sixth, the micro-motion of the fracture end caused by elastic intramedullary nailing is beneficial to fracture healing. Seventh, according to the imaging data of the patient's pelvis, the shape of the nut of the elastic intramedullary nail should be adapted to the inner wall of the pelvic bone medullary cavity. The nut has a rough outer peripheral surface, which can be a threaded surface, a knurled surface, or a rough surface of other shapes, which can be tightly combined with the inner wall of the pelvic medullary cavity and firmly fixed in the pelvis to achieve strong fixation. On the basis of satisfying the biomechanical characteristics of the original titanium nail, the utility model adds a nut to the right end of the main rod, which has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient operation, close combination with the inner wall of the pelvic bone medullary cavity of the patient, and improved locking strength of pelvic fractures.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型中实施例一的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment one among the utility model;
图2是图1的俯视图；Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;
图3是本实用新型中实施例二的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment two in the utility model;
图4是图3的俯视图；Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3;
图5是锁定弹性髓内钉经弯曲后的示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the locking elastic intramedullary nail after being bent;
图6是锁定弹性髓内钉经弯曲后的使用结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the use structure of the locking elastic intramedullary nail after being bent.
图中各部件标号为：耻骨1、圆弧外周面螺帽2、坐骨3、股骨4、股骨头5、髂前上棘6、套筒螺帽7、髂骨上棘8、主体杆9、髂窝10、压扁翘头11、髂嵴12、脊椎骨13、骶骨14、尾骨15。The labels of the components in the figure are: pubic bone 1, circular arc outer peripheral surface nut 2, ischium 3, femur 4, femoral head 5, anterior superior iliac spine 6, sleeve nut 7, superior iliac spine 8, main body rod 9, iliac fossa 10, flattened head 11, iliac crest 12, vertebra 13, sacrum 14, coccyx 15.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本实用新型实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本实用新型的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.
如图1～6所示，本实用新型提供的一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，在满足其原有钛钉的生物力学特征的基础上，在主体杆9的右端增加了螺帽，用于治疗骨盆前环损伤(耻骨上支)和髂骨骨折采用闭合复位，进行微创钛弹性钉髓内固定治疗。As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the utility model provides a locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures. On the basis of satisfying the biomechanical characteristics of the original titanium nail, a nut is added to the right end of the main body rod 9. It is used for the treatment of pelvic anterior ring injuries (superior pubic ramus) and ilium fractures by closed reduction for minimally invasive intramedullary fixation with titanium elastic nails.
实施例一：一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，包括位于患者骨盆内的钛钉和螺帽，所述钛钉的主体杆9的左端设有压扁翘头11并在右端设有外螺纹，所述螺帽通过内螺纹连接在主体杆9的右端，螺帽的外形与患者盆骨髓腔内壁相适配，螺帽设有粗糙的外周面。所述螺帽为设有内螺纹的套筒螺帽7，所述套筒螺帽7设有外螺纹。所述钛钉的主体杆9为直杆。Embodiment 1: A locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures includes a titanium nail and a nut located in the patient's pelvis. The left end of the main body rod 9 of the titanium nail is provided with a flattened head 11 and an external thread is provided at the right end. The nut is connected to the right end of the main body rod 9 through internal threads. The nut is a sleeve nut 7 provided with an internal thread, and the sleeve nut 7 is provided with an external thread. The main rod 9 of the titanium nail is a straight rod.
其使用方法如下：一，术中使用X线机器的C臂(包括骨盆前后位、骨盆出口、入口和髂骨斜位)评估骨折复位情况，并确定弹性髓内钉在骨通道中的位置。二，手术方案应个体化，术前应仔细分析患者影像学资料。根据这些数据确定保守复位顺序，观察患者骨盆前柱骨通道，确定弹性髓内钉插入方向。术中需要清晰的透视图像，以准确评估骨折复位情况，观察弹性髓内钉插入位置。三，将弹性髓内钉的尾部置于髂前下棘同侧水平之上，使弹性髓内钉的头端、尾端和髋臼壁形成“三点支撑”结构，同时弹性髓内钉的压扁翘头11尖端应钩住髂前上棘6水平以上的髂内侧骨皮质，可增加弹性髓内钉的锚固力。四，将螺帽常规放置并拧入弹性髓内钉使之在盆骨髓腔内固定。根据实际情况，内钉的主体杆9可为直杆插入髓腔，也可经弯曲后插入髓腔，螺帽的外径尺寸不超过7mm较为合适。The method of use is as follows: 1. During the operation, use the C-arm of the X-ray machine (including the anteroposterior view of the pelvis, the outlet of the pelvis, the entrance of the pelvis, and the oblique view of the ilium) to evaluate the reduction of the fracture and determine the position of the elastic intramedullary nail in the bone tunnel. Second, the surgical plan should be individualized, and the imaging data of the patient should be carefully analyzed before the operation. Based on these data, the order of conservative reduction was determined, and the bone tunnel of the anterior column of the pelvis was observed to determine the insertion direction of the elastic intramedullary nail. During the operation, clear fluoroscopic images are needed to accurately evaluate the fracture reduction and observe the insertion position of the elastic intramedullary nail. 3. Place the tail of the elastic intramedullary nail above the level of the same side of the anterior inferior iliac spine, so that the head end, tail end of the elastic intramedullary nail and the acetabular wall form a "three-point support" structure. At the same time, the flattened head 11 of the elastic intramedullary nail should be hooked to the medial iliac cortex above the level of the anterior superior iliac spine 6, which can increase the anchoring force of the elastic intramedullary nail. Fourth, place the nut routinely and screw it into the elastic intramedullary nail to fix it in the pelvic medullary cavity. According to the actual situation, the main body rod 9 of the inner nail can be inserted into the medullary cavity as a straight rod, or can be inserted into the medullary cavity after being bent, and the outer diameter of the nut should not exceed 7mm.
实施例二：一种适用于固定骨盆骨折的锁定弹性髓内钉，包括位于患者骨盆内的钛钉和螺帽，所述钛钉的主体杆9的左端设有压扁翘头11并在右端设有外螺纹，所述螺帽通过内螺纹连接在主体杆9的右端，螺帽的外形与患者盆骨髓腔内壁相适配，螺帽设有粗糙的外周面。所述螺帽为设有内螺纹的圆弧外周面螺帽2，所述圆弧外周面螺帽2的外表面设有滚花。所述钛钉的主体杆9为直杆。其使用方法与实施例一相同。Embodiment 2: A locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvic fractures, comprising a titanium nail and a nut located in the patient's pelvis, the left end of the main body rod 9 of the titanium nail is provided with a flattened warping head 11 and an external thread is provided at the right end, the nut is connected to the right end of the main body rod 9 through an internal thread, the shape of the nut is adapted to the inner wall of the patient's pelvic bone cavity, and the nut is provided with a rough outer peripheral surface. The nut is an arc outer peripheral surface nut 2 provided with an internal thread, and the outer surface of the arc outer peripheral surface nut 2 is provided with knurling. The main rod 9 of the titanium nail is a straight rod. Its use method is identical with embodiment one.
据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本实用新型所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此，本实用新型并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本实用新型的一些修改和变更也应当落入本实用新型的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本实用新型构成任何限制。According to the disclosure and teaching of the above specification, those skilled in the art to which the utility model belongs can also make appropriate changes and modifications to the above embodiment. Therefore, the utility model is not limited to the specific implementation manners disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the utility model should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the utility model. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to the present utility model.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320156490.9UCN219374878U (en) | 2023-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvis fracture |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320156490.9UCN219374878U (en) | 2023-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvis fracture |
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| CN219374878Utrue CN219374878U (en) | 2023-07-21 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202320156490.9UActiveCN219374878U (en) | 2023-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Locking elastic intramedullary nail suitable for fixing pelvis fracture |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117770927A (en)* | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-29 | 无锡市第九人民医院 | Pelvis arc-shaped pressurizable fixing nail |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117770927A (en)* | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-29 | 无锡市第九人民医院 | Pelvis arc-shaped pressurizable fixing nail |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |