CN212034143U - Multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology - Google Patents
Multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technologyDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置，属于物联网技术领域。The utility model relates to a multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things.
背景技术Background technique
MQTT协议是一个面向物联网应用的即时通信协议，使用TCP/IP提供网络连接，能够对负载内容实现消息屏蔽传输，开销小，可以有效降低网络流量；能够实现单点发布消息，经服务器中转，多点同时接收消息的一种技术。The MQTT protocol is an instant communication protocol for IoT applications. It uses TCP/IP to provide network connections, and can achieve message shielding and transmission for load content with low overhead, which can effectively reduce network traffic; A technique for receiving messages at multiple points at the same time.
但传统环境监测设备和农业气象设备只能在本地通信、数据查看的现状，特别是一些环境监测设备安装在野外环境，极大的增加了数据获取的难度。However, the current situation that traditional environmental monitoring equipment and agrometeorological equipment can only communicate and view data locally, especially when some environmental monitoring equipment is installed in the field environment, greatly increases the difficulty of data acquisition.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提出基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置，以解决现有环境监测设备和农业气象设备只能本地通信，数据获取难度大的问题。The purpose of the utility model is to propose a multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology to solve the problem that existing environmental monitoring equipment and agricultural meteorological equipment can only communicate locally and data acquisition is difficult.
基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置，包括主控单片机、数据终端、开关电源USP模块、WIFI模块、GPRS模块、EEPROM数据存储芯片、通讯转换芯片、移动终端APP和云平台，所述开关电源USP模块为所述多端点数据传输装置供电，所述主控单片机与数据终端通过所述通讯转换芯片数据互通，所述主控单片机分别与所述EEPROM数据存储芯片、GPRS模块和WIFI模块数据互控，所述GPRS模块和WIFI模块分别与所述云平台数据互通，所述移动终端APP从所述云平台获取数据。Multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology, including main control microcontroller, data terminal, switching power supply USP module, WIFI module, GPRS module, EEPROM data storage chip, communication conversion chip, mobile terminal APP and cloud platform. The switching power supply USP module supplies power to the multi-terminal data transmission device, the main control single-chip microcomputer and the data terminal communicate with data through the communication conversion chip, and the main control single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the EEPROM data storage chip, the GPRS module and the WIFI Module data mutual control, the GPRS module and the WIFI module are respectively in data communication with the cloud platform, and the mobile terminal APP obtains data from the cloud platform.
进一步的，所述数据终端将不同类型数据上传至所述通讯转换芯片后，所述通讯转换芯片通过Modbus协议将所述不同类型数据转换成统一类型数据，并上传所述统一类型数据至所述主控单片机。Further, after the data terminal uploads different types of data to the communication conversion chip, the communication conversion chip converts the different types of data into unified type data through the Modbus protocol, and uploads the unified type data to the communication conversion chip. Master microcontroller.
进一步的，所述GPRS模块和WIFI模块均通过MQTT协议向所述云平台发布信息，所述云平台通过MQTT协议分别向所述GPRS模块和WIFI模块订阅信息。Further, both the GPRS module and the WIFI module publish information to the cloud platform through the MQTT protocol, and the cloud platform subscribes information to the GPRS module and the WIFI module respectively through the MQTT protocol.
进一步的，所述GPRS模块内置有工业SIM卡。Further, the GPRS module has a built-in industrial SIM card.
进一步的，所述EEPROM数据存储芯片，储存容量为64KB，与所述主控单片机间采用IIC通信。Further, the EEPROM data storage chip has a storage capacity of 64KB, and adopts IIC communication with the main control single-chip microcomputer.
进一步的，所述EEPROM数据存储芯片中，储存有IP地址、WIFI密码和订阅的消息数据。Further, in the EEPROM data storage chip, the IP address, the WIFI password and the subscribed message data are stored.
进一步的，所述装置具备低功耗模式。Further, the device has a low power consumption mode.
进一步的，所述装置经过了防雷处理。Further, the device has undergone lightning protection treatment.
本实用新型的主要优点是：本实用新型的基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置，可以优先采用WIFI模式进行与云平台进行数据交互，且一旦WIFI模式不能工作，还有GPRS模式可以代替使用，因采用了GPRS模块，因此本装置的安装不受区域限制，在野外也能保证网络通畅，且具备低功耗模式，更为节能。The main advantages of the present utility model are: the multi-terminal data transmission device based on the MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology of the present utility model can preferentially use the WIFI mode for data interaction with the cloud platform, and once the WIFI mode cannot work, there is also a GPRS mode. It can be used instead, because the GPRS module is used, so the installation of this device is not restricted by the area, and it can ensure the smooth network in the field, and has a low power consumption mode, which is more energy-saving.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置的系统结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the system structure schematic diagram of the multi-terminal data transmission device based on MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology of the present invention;
图2为本实用新型的基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置的运行方法流程图。FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation method of the multi-endpoint data transmission device based on the MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. . Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
针对目前传统环境监测设备和农业气象设备只能在本地通信、数据查看的现状，特别是一些环境监测设备安装在野外环境，极大的增加了数据获取的难度，本实用新型专利采用基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传送设计，采用无线通信技术，使用MQTT协议以固定的格式将数据上传至云平台，客户可在远程查看设备的历史数据。In view of the current situation that traditional environmental monitoring equipment and agricultural meteorological equipment can only communicate and view data locally, especially some environmental monitoring equipment is installed in the field environment, which greatly increases the difficulty of data acquisition, the utility model patent adopts the MQTT protocol based on The multi-end data transmission design of wireless communication technology adopts wireless communication technology, and uses MQTT protocol to upload data to the cloud platform in a fixed format, and customers can view the historical data of the device remotely.
参照图1所示，基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置，包括主控单片机、数据终端、开关电源USP模块、WIFI模块、GPRS模块、EEPROM数据存储芯片、通讯转换芯片、移动终端APP和云平台，开关电源USP模块为多端点数据传输装置供电，主控单片机与数据终端通过通讯转换芯片数据互通，主控单片机分别与EEPROM数据存储芯片、GPRS模块和WIFI模块数据互控，GPRS模块和WIFI模块分别与云平台数据互通，移动终端APP从云平台获取数据。Referring to Figure 1, a multi-terminal data transmission device based on the MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology includes a main control single-chip microcomputer, a data terminal, a switching power supply USP module, a WIFI module, a GPRS module, an EEPROM data storage chip, a communication conversion chip, and a mobile terminal. APP and cloud platform, the switching power supply USP module supplies power for the multi-terminal data transmission device, the main control single-chip microcomputer and the data terminal communicate with the data through the communication conversion chip, the main control single-chip microcomputer and the EEPROM data storage chip, GPRS module and WIFI module data mutual control, GPRS The module and the WIFI module communicate with the cloud platform respectively, and the mobile terminal APP obtains data from the cloud platform.
具体的，主控单片机采用STM32F103RCT6，WIFI模块采用ESP8266芯片，GPRS模块采用SIM800C，通讯转换芯片为SP3232串口数据转换芯片，或采用SP485数据发送/接收芯片。在本实用新型中，使用者能通过移动终端APP实时查看云平台数据，也能通过云平台获取预警，极大地提高了实用性。Specifically, the main control microcontroller adopts STM32F103RCT6, the WIFI module adopts ESP8266 chip, the GPRS module adopts SIM800C, and the communication conversion chip is SP3232 serial port data conversion chip, or SP485 data sending/receiving chip. In the present invention, the user can view the cloud platform data in real time through the mobile terminal APP, and can also obtain early warning through the cloud platform, which greatly improves the practicability.
ESP8266是一款超低功耗的无线透传无线WIFI模块；SIM800C是一款可实现语音、数据传输的低功耗GPRS模块，两种模块在物联网领域广泛应用，两者都可接收主控单片机通过串口发送的数据，以固定的协议格式将数据传送至云平台，实现设备联网。ESP8266 is an ultra-low-power wireless transparent transmission wireless WIFI module; SIM800C is a low-power GPRS module that can realize voice and data transmission. The two modules are widely used in the field of Internet of Things, and both can receive master control. The data sent by the single-chip microcomputer through the serial port is transmitted to the cloud platform in a fixed protocol format to realize device networking.
参照图2所示，本装置的运行流程为：各模块及芯片上电开机，开关电源USP模块提供4V、3.3V直流电源，给各模块及芯片供电，同时主控单片机初始化硬件电路，初始化结束后首先检测是否有WIFI信号，如果确定存在WIFI信号，主控单片机有序发送固定命令字符启动WIFI模块进行连接，否则单片机发送固定命令字符唤醒GPRS模块，然后按照MQTT协议发送一串固定报文(包含固定报头、可变报头、设备ID号、产品ID号等16进制字符)申请连接云平台，订阅主题Theme；当数据终端有数据时，使用Modbus协议通过串口发送给主控单片机时，主控单片机经解码、数据提取、数据打包后发送主题Theme消息体Message给云平台，这样一次完整的发布消息发送结束；订阅Theme主题的设备，云平台将推送消息体Message给其他设备，再将有效数据发送给数据终端，这样一次完整的订阅消息接收结束；通过上述方式，数据终端-数据终端多台设备间完成了数据交互，这种简单、可靠的数据交互方式在环境监测、农业监控设备等物联网领域具有极大的发展前景。Referring to Figure 2, the operation process of the device is: each module and chip are powered on and turned on, the switching power supply USP module provides 4V, 3.3V DC power to supply power to each module and chip, and the main control single-chip microcomputer initializes the hardware circuit, and the initialization ends. After that, firstly detect whether there is a WIFI signal. If it is determined that there is a WIFI signal, the main control single-chip microcomputer sends fixed command characters in an orderly manner to start the WIFI module to connect, otherwise the single-chip microcomputer sends fixed command characters to wake up the GPRS module, and then sends a series of fixed messages according to the MQTT protocol ( It includes fixed header, variable header, device ID number, product ID number and other hexadecimal characters) to apply for connection to the cloud platform and subscribe to the theme Theme; when the data terminal has data, it is sent to the master microcontroller through the serial port using the Modbus protocol. After decoding, data extraction, and data packaging, the control microcontroller sends the theme message body Message to the cloud platform, so that a complete publishing message is sent to the end; the device that subscribes to the Theme theme, the cloud platform will push the message body Message to other devices, and then it will be valid. The data is sent to the data terminal, so that a complete subscription message is received; through the above method, data interaction is completed between the data terminal and multiple devices of the data terminal. This simple and reliable data interaction method is used in environmental monitoring, agricultural monitoring equipment, etc. The field of Internet of Things has great development prospects.
本设计配备移动终端APP，在移动终端登录云平台实时在线观看设备上传的数据，以及历史数据的下载，提高了便携性。This design is equipped with a mobile terminal APP, and the mobile terminal logs in to the cloud platform to view the data uploaded by the device online in real time, as well as the download of historical data, which improves portability.
在本部分优选实施例中，数据终端将不同类型数据上传至通讯转换芯片后，通讯转换芯片通过Modbus协议将不同类型数据转换成统一类型数据，并上传统一类型数据至主控单片机。In the preferred embodiment of this part, after the data terminal uploads different types of data to the communication conversion chip, the communication conversion chip converts the different types of data into unified data through the Modbus protocol, and uploads the unified data to the main control microcontroller.
在本部分优选实施例中，GPRS模块和WIFI模块均通过MQTT协议向云平台发布信息，云平台通过MQTT协议分别向GPRS模块和WIFI模块订阅信息。In the preferred embodiment of this part, both the GPRS module and the WIFI module publish information to the cloud platform through the MQTT protocol, and the cloud platform subscribes information to the GPRS module and the WIFI module respectively through the MQTT protocol.
具体的，MQTT协议是一个面向物联网应用的即时通信协议，使用TCP/IP提供网络连接，能够对负载内容实现消息屏蔽传输，开销小，可以有效降低网络流量；是能够实现单点发布消息，经服务器中转，多点同时接收消息的一种技术。Specifically, the MQTT protocol is an instant communication protocol for Internet of Things applications. It uses TCP/IP to provide network connections, and can achieve message shielding transmission for payload content with low overhead, which can effectively reduce network traffic; it can realize single-point message publishing, A technology for receiving messages at multiple points at the same time through server transfer.
本实用新型采用2种方式连接网络，(1)使用WIFI模块联网优点是不需要单独支付网络费用，节约成本，适合在城市网络发达的区域多个采集数据终端设备需要联网的情况下使用；(2)使用GPRS模块优点是不受区域限制，野外环境也能保证网络畅通。The utility model adopts 2 ways to connect the network, (1) the advantage of using the WIFI module to network is that it does not need to pay the network fee separately, saves the cost, and is suitable for use in the case where multiple data collection terminal devices need to be connected to the network in the area with developed urban network; ( 2) The advantage of using the GPRS module is that it is not restricted by the region, and the field environment can also ensure the smooth network.
在本部分优选实施例中，GPRS模块内置有工业SIM卡。In the preferred embodiment of this part, the GPRS module has a built-in industrial SIM card.
具体的，本实用新型的GPRS模块采用外挂物联网SIM卡作为流量计费方式，能提供低成本、高可靠的无线联网服务，一颗长宽6.0mm*5.0mm的芯片代替了传统使用的SIM卡，同时工业SIM卡还具有安装简单、抗震和耐低温(-45°超低温环境下仍可正常工作)的特性，这保证了本实用新型的环境适应性特别强。Specifically, the GPRS module of the present invention adopts an external IoT SIM card as the flow charging method, which can provide low-cost and highly reliable wireless networking services. A chip with a length and width of 6.0mm*5.0mm replaces the traditional SIM card. At the same time, the industrial SIM card also has the characteristics of simple installation, shock resistance and low temperature resistance (it can still work normally in the ultra-low temperature environment of -45°), which ensures that the environmental adaptability of the utility model is particularly strong.
在本部分优选实施例中，EEPROM数据存储芯片，储存容量为64KB，与主控单片机间采用IIC通信。In the preferred embodiment of this part, the EEPROM data storage chip has a storage capacity of 64KB, and uses IIC to communicate with the master microcontroller.
在本部分优选实施例中，EEPROM数据存储芯片中，储存有IP地址、WIFI密码和订阅的消息数据。In the preferred embodiment of this part, the EEPROM data storage chip stores IP address, WIFI password and subscribed message data.
具体的，EEPROM数据存储芯片主要用于存储WIFI地址、密码、云平台IP地址、设备ID号和缓存数据；在程序中，分配了10个单元存储WIFI地址、密码，方便连接；缓存数据是在接收云平台遗嘱消息的情况下使用，遗嘱消息是因为断电等原因导致设备不在线时，云平台不能将订阅的消息立即发送给设备端，当下一次设备重新上线时，云平台发送遗嘱消息，此时数据量可能较大，主控单片机串口发送单元不能及时将数据发送给数据终端，如果不做处理，会造成数据溢出或数据丢失，因此先将数据缓存在EEPROM数据存储芯片内，采用进栈、出栈(先进先出)的方式每次发送一条消息发送给主控单片机，主控单片机将数据打包再发送给数据终端，主控单片机确定数据发送成功后，再发送下一条消息，依此循环，逐步释放EEPROM缓存的遗嘱消息。Specifically, the EEPROM data storage chip is mainly used to store the WIFI address, password, cloud platform IP address, device ID number and cached data; in the program, 10 units are allocated to store the WIFI address and password for easy connection; the cached data is stored in It is used in the case of receiving the will message of the cloud platform. When the device is offline due to power failure or other reasons, the cloud platform cannot send the subscribed message to the device immediately. The next time the device is online again, the cloud platform will send the will message. At this time, the amount of data may be large, and the serial port sending unit of the main control microcontroller cannot send the data to the data terminal in time. If it is not processed, it will cause data overflow or data loss. Therefore, the data is first cached in the EEPROM data storage chip, and the advanced The method of stacking and popping the stack (first in, first out) sends a message to the main control MCU at a time. The main control MCU packages the data and sends it to the data terminal. After the main control MCU determines that the data is sent successfully, it sends the next message. This loop, progressively frees the EEPROM cached will messages.
在本部分优选实施例中，装置具备低功耗模式。In the preferred embodiment of this section, the device has a low power consumption mode.
具体的，本设备做了低功耗处理，设备在数据发布时采用主动上报(设备在线时，主动上传数据到云平台)的方式，接收数据时采用被动照测(设备端在低功耗休眠状态下，当云平台主动下发数据时，设备自动唤醒)的方式。通过实验测试，一次完整的发送、接收消息在60s内即可完成，针对于环境监测、农业监控等领域并不需要每分钟刷新一次数据，一般1-3小时上报一次即可，设备在绝大多数时间内都处在待机等待状态，因此，在设备待机阶段采用休眠方式做低功耗处理，大大降低了设备的功耗，节约电能延长电池使用时间(特别在野外环境，条进恶劣，数个月才更换一次电池)。Specifically, this device performs low-power consumption processing. The device uses active reporting (when the device is online, actively uploads data to the cloud platform) when data is published, and passively measures when receiving data (the device sleeps at low power consumption). In this state, when the cloud platform actively sends data, the device automatically wakes up). Through the experimental test, a complete sending and receiving of messages can be completed within 60s. For environmental monitoring, agricultural monitoring and other fields, it is not necessary to refresh the data every minute. Generally, it can be reported once every 1-3 hours. Most of the time it is in the standby waiting state. Therefore, in the standby phase of the device, the sleep mode is used to perform low-power processing, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the device, saves power and prolongs the battery life (especially in the field environment, where the bar is bad and the number of data is poor. Replace the battery only once a month).
在本部分优选实施例中，装置经过了防雷处理。In the preferred embodiment of this part, the device has undergone lightning protection treatment.
具体的，本实用新型通讯转换芯片上的数据采集端口采用485和232两种方式，485数据采集端口遵循Modbus协议，能最多外接255台从机设备(即数据终端)，满足了绝大多数使用情况，232数据端口方便本地在线测试。Specifically, the data acquisition port on the communication conversion chip of the present invention adopts two modes: 485 and 232. The 485 data acquisition port follows the Modbus protocol and can connect up to 255 slave devices (ie data terminals), which meets the requirements of most applications. In some cases, the 232 data port is convenient for local online testing.
本实用新型在设备端-数据终端间加了防雷设计，主要在485输入输出端口串接防过流保险丝。这一设计对设备起到保护作用，特别是在野外雷电频繁出现的环境下，更应当加入防雷设计。The utility model adds a lightning protection design between the equipment end and the data terminal, and mainly connects the 485 input and output ports in series with an anti-overcurrent fuse. This design has a protective effect on the equipment, especially in the environment where lightning occurs frequently in the wild, a lightning protection design should be added.
本实用新型采用基于MQTT协议和无线通信技术的多端点数据传输装置设计，利用MQTT协议的主要优点，每一台设备都可充当主机，主动发布消息，其余设备作为从机接收订阅消息，以实现数据信息共享；同时，MQTT协议支持云平台端缓存遗嘱消息的功能，在设备因掉线而遗漏的消息，等到设备再次上线后，云平台会重新推送消息至设备端。The utility model adopts the design of a multi-terminal data transmission device based on the MQTT protocol and wireless communication technology, and utilizes the main advantages of the MQTT protocol. Data and information sharing; at the same time, the MQTT protocol supports the function of caching wills messages on the cloud platform, and the cloud platform will re-push messages to the device when the device is disconnected and missed when the device is online again.
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| CN118353914B (en)* | 2024-04-09 | 2024-12-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Wireless transmission seismic signal acquisition system based on MQTT protocol |
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