CN210990175U - A Pediatric Visual Rigid Bronchoscope - Google Patents
A Pediatric Visual Rigid BronchoscopeDownload PDFInfo
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Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种医疗器具，特别涉及一种儿科可视硬质支气管镜。The utility model relates to a medical appliance, in particular to a pediatric visual rigid bronchoscope.
背景技术Background technique
硬质支气管镜(RB)的临床应用已有一百多年历史，可广泛应用于诊断气管、支气管先天性疾病、结核、支气管异物等，对气管支气管内痰痂、肿物的诊治也有较广泛用途，曾为许多呼吸道疾病的诊断与治疗做出了贡献，随着科学进步，硬质支气管镜可以应用于儿童，在支气管异物取出、硅酮支架放置等工作中有不可替代的地位。The clinical application of rigid bronchoscopy (RB) has a history of more than 100 years, and it can be widely used in the diagnosis of trachea, bronchial congenital diseases, tuberculosis, bronchial foreign bodies, etc. It has contributed to the diagnosis and treatment of many respiratory diseases. With the advancement of science, rigid bronchoscopy can be used in children and has an irreplaceable position in the removal of bronchial foreign bodies and placement of silicone stents.
目前的儿科硬质支气管镜均采用可视镜和支气管镜鞘管两部分独立操作的设计。由于儿童气管直径的限制，支气管镜鞘管比较纤细，以国内目前应用最广泛的STORZ硬镜为例，最细的硬镜插入鞘管外径仅5.0mm，可视镜2.9mm，这样就造成可视镜和操作器械不能共同使用的局面，严重影响手术操作的精准性。即使在5.7mm直径以上的硬镜可以使用光学可视钳子，兼顾了可视与操作性，但器械较重，操控性差，而且在硅酮支架的释放环节任然无法做到可视下释放(成人存在同样问题)，目前其他品牌硬镜存在同样问题。儿童气道纤细，气管结构尚未发育完善，现有硬镜存在的这种弊端会严重影响手术效果，甚至会造成严重副损伤。The current pediatric rigid bronchoscopes are designed to operate independently of two parts: the sight glass and the bronchoscope sheath. Due to the limitation of the diameter of children's trachea, the sheath tube of the bronchoscope is relatively slender. Take the STORZ rigid endoscope, which is currently the most widely used in China, as an example. The outer diameter of the thinnest rigid endoscope inserted into the sheath tube is only 5.0mm, and the visual mirror is 2.9mm. The situation that the sight glass and operating instruments cannot be used together seriously affects the accuracy of the surgical operation. Even if the hard scope with a diameter of 5.7mm or more can use optical visual forceps, both visibility and operability are taken into account, but the instrument is heavy and has poor maneuverability, and it still cannot be released visually in the release link of the silicone stent ( Adults have the same problem), and other brands of hard mirrors have the same problem. Children's airways are slender, and the trachea structure is not yet fully developed. This drawback of existing rigid endoscopes will seriously affect the surgical results and even cause serious side injuries.
然而，随着医学的发展硬镜也在不断发展完善，并且部分功能是纤支镜无法取代的。对健康成年人而言一般不会引起通气功能障碍，但对于儿童或气道狭窄者则可能影响其通气功能，甚至威胁生命安全。因此，硬质支气管镜尤其是儿科用硬质支气管镜，仍然具有其它如纤支镜、电子镜等无法取代的地位，现代介入性气道诊断和治疗技术的发展给硬质支气管镜带来了新的生命。However, with the development of medicine, rigid endoscopes are constantly being developed and perfected, and some functions cannot be replaced by fiberoptic endoscopes. For healthy adults, it generally does not cause ventilatory dysfunction, but for children or those with airway stenosis, it may affect their ventilation function and even threaten their lives. Therefore, rigid bronchoscopes, especially pediatric rigid bronchoscopes, still have an irreplaceable position such as fiberoptic bronchoscopes and electronic microscopes. The development of modern interventional airway diagnosis and treatment technology has brought rigid bronchoscopy a new life.
近几十年来，可弯曲支气管镜(纤支镜、电子支气管镜)随着技术的进步，在临床的推广应用越来越广泛，与硬镜相比，其直径更小，头端部为可控弯曲设计，可以到达硬镜难以到达的部位进行观察，从而获得了广泛应用，硬镜的发展更加缓慢。In recent decades, flexible bronchoscopes (fibronoptic bronchoscopes, electronic bronchoscopes) have become more and more widely used in clinical practice with the advancement of technology. The controlled bending design can reach the hard-to-reach parts for observation, thus it has been widely used, and the development of hard mirrors has been slower.
近十年来随着介入呼吸病学的快速发展，对硬镜的需求越来越多。与纤支镜相比，硬镜的空心结构能保持气道通畅，并且在操作端有侧孔与呼吸机相连，因此硬镜亦称“通气支气管镜”，而纤支镜在操作过程中需占据一定的气道空间。而且硬镜下操作孔道明显大于纤支镜，可进行多种介入治疗。因而现代硬质支气管镜近年也得到了一定的发展。其成像系统是通过棱镜反射远端照明靶面为操作者提供观察视野，可以直接通过管腔观察咽喉乃至气道，以便于插管、吸引和处理异物。With the rapid development of interventional pulmonology in the past decade, the demand for rigid endoscopes has increased. Compared with fiberoptic bronchoscope, the hollow structure of rigid endoscope can keep the airway unobstructed, and there is a side hole at the operating end to connect with the ventilator, so rigid endoscope is also called "ventilation bronchoscope", while fiberoptic bronchoscope needs to be operated during operation. Occupy some airway space. Moreover, the operating duct under rigid endoscope is significantly larger than that of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and a variety of interventional treatments can be performed. Therefore, the modern rigid bronchoscope has also been developed to a certain extent in recent years. The imaging system provides an observation field for the operator through the prism reflecting the distal illumination target surface, and can directly observe the throat and even the airway through the lumen, so as to facilitate intubation, suction and treatment of foreign bodies.
其主要结构为管径均一的空心不锈钢管，其操作端有多个接口，包括呼吸机接口、光源接口、吸引管和激光纤维接口等，目前国际现有的硬质支气管镜是以STORZ、狼牌、Stryker、DUMON为代表的主流品牌，设计理念大同小异，均采用可视镜和支气管镜鞘管两部分独立操作的设计。成人硬镜由于鞘管粗大，可视性与操作性兼容较好，但儿科由于鞘管纤细，可视性与操作性兼容较差，虽然通过光学可视钳等设备得到部分改善，但仍然有很大不足。Its main structure is a hollow stainless steel tube with a uniform diameter, and its operating end has multiple interfaces, including ventilator interface, light source interface, suction tube and laser fiber interface. The mainstream brands represented by the brand, Stryker, and DUMON have similar design concepts. Due to the thick sheath tube in adults, the visibility and operability are better compatible, but in pediatric patients, due to the slender sheath tube, the compatibility between visibility and operability is poor. Although it has been partially improved by optical visual forceps and other equipment, there are still Very short.
硅酮支架2014年进入中国市场，其放置均需通过硬镜完成，但所有放置过程均为非可视下操作，只能先对待放置支架部位进行探查，然后取出可视化光源后在不锈钢管腔内放入支架，在盲操作条件下进行支架的气道置入，完成操作后再置入可视化光源进行探查。这不仅因盲操作容易引起放置位置的误差，影响治疗效果，而且极易引起气道损伤，延长手术时间。Silicone stents entered the Chinese market in 2014. The placement of silicone stents needs to be done through hard mirrors. However, all placement procedures are non-visual operations. Only the site to be placed stents can be probed first, and then the visualization light source is removed and placed in the stainless steel lumen. The stent is placed, and the airway of the stent is placed under blind operation conditions. After the operation is completed, a visual light source is placed for exploration. This is not only easy to cause errors in the placement position due to blind operation, which affects the treatment effect, but also easily causes airway damage and prolongs the operation time.
所以，目前硬质支气管镜的主要发展方向是开发一种具备可视化功能的硬质支气管镜，在操作的同时实现可视化，提高手术精准性，降低医疗风险，但由于其管径较粗,不能弯曲,可视范围较小,病人痛苦较大,因此，硬镜的应用产生了明显减少，目前，将软式超细纤维支气管镜集成到硬质支气管镜鞘管内侧，利用两种支气管镜的优势，在技术上实现可视化硬质支气管镜是可行的。Therefore, the main development direction of rigid bronchoscope at present is to develop a rigid bronchoscope with visualization function, which can realize visualization during operation, improve the accuracy of surgery, and reduce medical risks. However, due to its thick diameter, it cannot be bent. , The visual range is small, and the patient suffers more. Therefore, the application of rigid endoscopes has been significantly reduced. At present, the flexible ultra-fine fiber bronchoscope is integrated into the inner side of the rigid bronchoscope sheath, and the advantages of the two bronchoscopes are used. , it is technically feasible to visualize rigid bronchoscopy.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是要解决上述背景技术中的问题，而提供一种儿科可视硬质支气管镜。The purpose of the present utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology, and provide a pediatric visual rigid bronchoscope.
一种儿科可视硬质支气管镜，包括显示屏、光源、可视化支气管镜、显示屏电源线、光源电源线、光纤和显示屏信号线，光源通过光纤与可视化支气管镜连接，显示屏通过显示屏信号线与可视化支气管镜连接，光源通过光源电源线接通电源，显示屏通过显示屏电源线接通电源，所述可视化支气管镜包括手柄、支气管镜鞘管、电子成像探头、信号线和信号处理器电路板，支气管镜鞘管设置在手柄顶部，所述支气管镜鞘管内壁设置有管道，电子成像探头设置在管道前端，电子成像探头通过信号线与信号处理器电路板相连；电子成像探头四周设置有照明光纤，实现将光源发出的光导入人体气管深部；A pediatric visual rigid bronchoscope, comprising a display screen, a light source, a visual bronchoscope, a display screen power cord, a light source power cord, an optical fiber and a display screen signal line, the light source is connected to the visualization bronchoscope through the optical fiber, and the display screen is connected through the display screen The signal line is connected to the visualization bronchoscope, the light source is powered on through the light source power line, and the display screen is powered on through the display screen power line. The visualization bronchoscope includes a handle, a bronchoscope sheath, an electronic imaging probe, a signal line and signal processing. The bronchoscope sheath tube is set on the top of the handle, the inner wall of the bronchoscope sheath tube is provided with a pipeline, the electronic imaging probe is set at the front end of the pipeline, and the electronic imaging probe is connected to the signal processor circuit board through a signal line; around the electronic imaging probe The lighting fiber is provided to realize the introduction of the light emitted by the light source into the deep part of the human trachea;
所述支气管镜鞘管为4.5mm～8.5mm；The bronchoscope sheath tube is 4.5mm-8.5mm;
所述管道直径为0.7mm～2.0mm；The diameter of the pipe is 0.7mm～2.0mm;
所述电子成像探头包括镜头和射灯，镜头和射灯集成在电子成像探头前端；The electronic imaging probe includes a lens and a spotlight, and the lens and the spotlight are integrated at the front end of the electronic imaging probe;
信号处理器电路板的主要作用是将由光源通过光纤传输的光信号传输到电子成像探头前端的射灯为电子成像探头提供光源，和将电子成像探头所观测到的气管内部的图像通过显示屏信号线传入显示屏，使医护人员可以观测到气管内部情况；The main function of the signal processor circuit board is to transmit the optical signal transmitted by the light source through the optical fiber to the spotlight at the front of the electronic imaging probe to provide the light source for the electronic imaging probe, and to pass the image of the inside of the trachea observed by the electronic imaging probe through the display signal. The line is passed into the display screen, so that the medical staff can observe the internal situation of the trachea;
所述电子成像探头直径为0.8mm～2.0mm；The diameter of the electronic imaging probe is 0.8mm-2.0mm;
所述电子成像探头还可以换成被光纤成像探头；The electronic imaging probe can also be replaced by an optical fiber imaging probe;
所述光纤成像探头直径为0.4～1.5mm；The diameter of the optical fiber imaging probe is 0.4-1.5 mm;
镜头直径0.78mm，110度视场角，长度4mm，通过畸变的控制，色差的校正，以及高空间频率下MTF的优化，有效保证了高分辨率下图像的清晰度和对比度，提高对病灶位置和尺寸判断的准确度，将在支气管镜鞘管内侧设计直径1.6mm的圆形管道，并研发直径0.8mm的光纤成像探头和直径1.5mm的电子成像探头，沿此孔道置入可视化成像探头；The lens diameter is 0.78mm, the field of view is 110 degrees, and the length is 4mm. Through the control of distortion, the correction of chromatic aberration, and the optimization of MTF under high spatial frequency, the clarity and contrast of the image at high resolution are effectively guaranteed, and the focus on the location of the lesion is improved. To determine the accuracy of size and size, a circular tube with a diameter of 1.6mm will be designed inside the bronchoscope sheath, and a fiber-optic imaging probe with a diameter of 0.8mm and an electronic imaging probe with a diameter of 1.5mm will be developed, and a visual imaging probe will be placed along this hole;
所述光纤成像探头周围还设置有照明光纤；An illumination fiber is also arranged around the optical fiber imaging probe;
所述手柄上设置有操作窗口；The handle is provided with an operation window;
医护人员通过操作窗口将光学可视钳子等医疗器械通过支气管镜鞘管伸入到支气管内部对患者进行医疗救治；The medical staff inserts medical instruments such as optical visual forceps into the bronchus through the bronchoscope sheath through the operation window to give medical treatment to the patient;
所述显示屏信号线可以替换为无线信号发射接收装置；The display screen signal line can be replaced with a wireless signal transmitting and receiving device;
电子成像探头所生成的图像信号好可以用无线传输的方式将信号传输到显示屏上。The image signal generated by the electronic imaging probe can be transmitted to the display screen by wireless transmission.
本实用新型的工作原理和过程：The working principle and process of the present utility model:
使用时，将本装置取出将连接线按要求连接，打开光源和显示屏电源开关，光源和显示屏开始工作，光源通过光纤、将光信号传送至手柄处光纤接头，然后通过耦合机构，将光耦合到可视化支气管镜内部的照明光纤为镜头提供光源，此外，电子成像探头前部的射灯还可以为LED光源，通过直接发光方式，为待成像部位提供照明，医护人员握住手柄，将支气管镜鞘管连同设置在其内部管道内的电子成像探头一起插入患者支气管内部，电子成像探头上的镜头将患者支气管内部情况通过信号线、信号处理器电路板和显示屏信号线传输到显示屏上，医护人员通过显示屏所显示的患者支气管内部图像，对患者进行医疗检查；When in use, take out the device, connect the cable as required, turn on the power switch of the light source and the display screen, the light source and the display screen start to work, the light source transmits the optical signal to the optical fiber connector at the handle through the optical fiber, and then the light is transmitted through the coupling mechanism. The illuminating fiber coupled to the inside of the visualization bronchoscope provides the light source for the lens. In addition, the spotlight in the front of the electronic imaging probe can also be an LED light source, which can provide illumination for the part to be imaged by direct lighting. The endoscopic sheath tube is inserted into the patient's bronchus together with the electronic imaging probe set in its inner tube. The lens on the electronic imaging probe transmits the internal situation of the patient's bronchus to the display screen through the signal line, the signal processor circuit board and the display screen signal line. , the medical staff conducts a medical examination on the patient through the internal image of the patient's bronchus displayed on the display screen;
当电子成像探头被替换成被光纤成像探头时，工作方式与上述类似，传像光纤束将镜头采集到的图像信号，通过镜头传输到成像芯片，然后通过图像处理电路和显示屏信号线传输到显示屏上，实现成像，并进行下一步操作；When the electronic imaging probe is replaced by an optical fiber imaging probe, the working method is similar to the above. The image transmission fiber bundle transmits the image signal collected by the lens to the imaging chip through the lens, and then transmits it to the imaging chip through the image processing circuit and the display signal line. On the display screen, realize imaging, and proceed to the next step;
医护人员还可以通过操作窗口将光学可视钳子等医疗器械通过支气管镜鞘管伸入到支气管内部对患者进行医疗救治，通过电子成像探头上的镜头医护人员可以很清楚的观察支气管内部情况，并可以对患者实施精准的治疗；Medical staff can also extend medical instruments such as optical visual forceps into the bronchus through the bronchoscope sheath through the operation window to perform medical treatment on patients. Precise treatment of patients;
医护人员还可以用光学可视钳子夹持硅酮支架，通过操作窗口将硅酮支架沿气管镜鞘管伸入到支气管内部，通过电子成像探头上的镜头进行观察，实现硅酮支架的精准放置。Medical staff can also use optical visual forceps to hold the silicone stent, extend the silicone stent along the bronchoscope sheath into the bronchus through the operating window, and observe through the lens on the electronic imaging probe to achieve accurate placement of the silicone stent. .
本实用新型的有益效果：The beneficial effects of the present utility model:
本实用新型是一种具备可视化功能的硬质支气管镜，在操作的同时实现可视化，提高手术精准性，兼顾了可视与操作性，操控性好，而且在硅酮支架的释放环节做到可视下释放，降低医疗风险，减轻病人痛苦，提高医护人员的工作效率，节省医疗资源。The utility model is a rigid bronchoscope with a visualization function, which realizes visualization at the same time of operation, improves the accuracy of the operation, takes into account both the visibility and the operability, and has good controllability, and can be used in the release link of the silicone stent. Release under vision, reduce medical risks, relieve patient pain, improve the work efficiency of medical staff, and save medical resources.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的立体示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2是本实用新型支气管镜的立体示意图；Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the bronchoscope of the present invention;
图3时本实用新型安装电子成像探头时的剖面图；Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention when the electronic imaging probe is installed;
图4时本实用新型图3中A处的放大视图；The enlarged view of the present utility model at the place A in FIG. 3 when FIG. 4;
图5时本实用新型安装光纤成像探头时的剖面图；The cross-sectional view of the present utility model when the optical fiber imaging probe is installed in FIG. 5;
图6时本实用新型图5中B处的放大视图；The enlarged view of the present utility model at B in FIG. 5 when FIG. 6;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参阅图1至图6所示，一种儿科可视硬质支气管镜，包括显示屏1、光源2、可视化支气管镜3、显示屏电源线4、光源电源线5、光纤6和显示屏信号线7，光源2通过光纤6与可视化支气管镜3连接，显示屏1通过显示屏信号线7与可视化支气管镜3连接，光源2通过光源电源线5接通电源，显示屏1通过显示屏电源线4接通电源，其特征在于：所述可视化支气管镜3包括手柄31、支气管镜鞘管32、电子成像探头33、信号线34和信号处理器电路板35，支气管镜鞘管32设置在手柄31顶部，所述支气管镜鞘管32内壁设置有管道39，电子成像探头33设置在管道39前端，电子成像探头33通过信号线34与信号处理器电路板35相连；电子成像探头33四周设置有照明光纤，实现将光源2发出的光导入人体气管深部；Please refer to Figures 1 to 6, a pediatric visual rigid bronchoscope, including a display screen 1, a
所述支气管镜鞘管32为4.5mm～8.5mm；The
所述管道39直径为0.7mm～2.0mm；The diameter of the
所述电子成像探头33包括镜头37和射灯36，镜头37和射灯36集成在电子成像探头33前端；The
信号处理器电路板35的主要作用是将由光源2通过光纤6传输的光信号传输到电子成像探头33前端的射灯36为电子成像探头33提供光源，和将电子成像探头33所观测到的气管内部的图像通过显示屏信号线7传入显示屏1，使医护人员可以观测到气管内部情况；The main function of the signal
所述电子成像探头33直径为0.8mm～2.0mm；The diameter of the
所述电子成像探头33还可以换成被光纤成像探头310；The
所述光纤成像探头310直径为0.4～1.5mm；The diameter of the optical
镜头37直径0.78mm，110度视场角，长度4mm，通过畸变的控制，色差的校正，以及高空间频率下MTF的优化，有效保证了高分辨率下图像的清晰度和对比度，提高对病灶位置和尺寸判断的准确度，将在支气管镜鞘管32内侧设计直径1.6mm的圆形管道39，并研发直径0.8mm的光纤成像探头和直径1.5mm的电子成像探头，沿此孔道置入可视化成像探头；
所述光纤成像探头310周围还设置有照明光纤；An illumination fiber is also arranged around the optical
所述手柄31上设置有操作窗口38；The
医护人员通过操作窗口38将光学可视钳子等医疗器械通过支气管镜鞘管32伸入到支气管内部对患者进行医疗救治；The medical staff extends medical instruments such as optically visible forceps into the bronchus through the
所述显示屏信号线7可以替换为无线信号发射接收装置；The display
电子成像探头33所生成的图像信号好可以用无线传输的方式将信号传输到显示屏1上。The image signal generated by the
本实用新型的工作原理和过程：The working principle and process of the present utility model:
请参阅图1至图6所示，使用时，将本装置取出将连接线按要求连接，打开光源2和显示屏1电源开关，光源2和显示屏1开始工作，光源2通过光纤6、将光信号传送至手柄处光纤接头，然后通过耦合机构，将光耦合到可视化支气管镜内部的照明光纤为镜头37提供光源，此外，电子成像探头33前部的射灯36还可以为LED光源，通过直接发光方式，为待成像部位提供照明，医护人员握住手柄31，将支气管镜鞘管32连同设置在其内部管道39内的电子成像探头33一起插入患者支气管内部，电子成像探头33上的镜头37将患者支气管内部情况通过信号线34、信号处理器电路板35和显示屏信号线7传输到显示屏1上，医护人员通过显示屏1所显示的患者支气管内部图像，对患者进行医疗检查；Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6. When in use, take out the device and connect the connecting wires as required, turn on the power switches of
当电子成像探头33被替换成被光纤成像探头310时，工作方式与上述类似，传像光纤束将镜头采集到的图像信号，通过镜头传输到成像芯片，然后通过图像处理电路和显示屏信号线7传输到显示屏2上，实现成像，并进行下一步操作。When the
医护人员还可以通过操作窗口38将光学可视钳子等医疗器械通过支气管镜鞘管32伸入到支气管内部对患者进行医疗救治，通过电子成像探头33上的镜头37医护人员可以很清楚的观察支气管内部情况，并可以对患者实施精准的治疗；The medical staff can also insert medical instruments such as optical visual forceps into the bronchus through the
医护人员还可以用光学可视钳子夹持硅酮支架，通过操作窗口38将硅酮支架沿气管镜鞘管32伸入到支气管内部，通过电子成像探头33上的镜头37进行观察，实现硅酮支架的精准放置。The medical staff can also hold the silicone stent with optical visual forceps, extend the silicone stent along the
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