技术领域technical field
本发明涉及风力发电机组测试试验领域,具体是一种基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置。The invention relates to the field of testing and testing of wind power generating sets, in particular to a stress and strain testing device for wind turbine blades based on a rotating platform.
背景技术Background technique
风力机作为一种将风能转化为电能的装置。风力机从外观整体上看,主要分为风轮、机舱、塔架和基础四个部分。风轮主要由轮毂和叶片组成。风力机的工作原理是叶片在气流作用下产生力矩,驱动风轮转动,再通过轮毂将扭矩传送到主传动系统。即将风能转化成为了机械能,之后再通过发电机、变流器等组成的发电系统,将机械能转化为电能。风力发电机组中主要工作部件为叶片,风力机叶片部位不仅是整个风力发电机机组中最为昂贵的核心部件,同时其强度和刚度决定了风电机组工作性能的优劣。由于在风机正常工作时叶片部位承受主要风力载荷,故而最容易出现故障损坏。A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy into electrical energy. From the overall appearance of the wind turbine, it is mainly divided into four parts: the wind wheel, the nacelle, the tower and the foundation. The wind wheel is mainly composed of a hub and blades. The working principle of a wind turbine is that the blades generate torque under the action of airflow, drive the wind wheel to rotate, and then transmit the torque to the main drive system through the hub. That is, the wind energy is converted into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy through a power generation system composed of generators and converters. The main working part of the wind turbine is the blade. The blade of the wind turbine is not only the most expensive core component in the entire wind turbine, but also its strength and stiffness determine the performance of the wind turbine. Since the blade part bears the main wind load when the fan is working normally, it is most prone to failure and damage.
风电机组运行过程中工况不稳定,常常会遇到风剪切、塔影效应、偏航、叶片变速等不同自然条件和工作条件的影响,叶片受到的载荷主要有:气动载荷,重力载荷,惯性载荷(包括离心和回转效应) 和由于控制系统动作而引起的运行载荷(例如叶片控制机构产生的启动、停车、紧急刹车、变矩、偏航和发电机脱网等)。在小风速情况下,合成风速和攻角的变化对气动载荷的影响相当,几乎抵消;但在大风速失速状态下,侧风引起合成风速和攻角周期性变化,从而导致周期性气动载荷,此载荷大小与侧偏角有关。在机械载荷中,重力载荷和惯性力载荷是引起疲劳破坏的一个重要因素,尤其是风轮直径越做越大,叶片质量越来越重的情况下。而陀螺力矩与偏航率、转速及叶片惯量成比例。旋转叶片工作时,承受着离心载荷、稳态气流载荷及非稳态气流载荷的共同作用。叶片工作时受到非稳态气流激振力的作用,而产生强迫振动,当周期激振力的某阶谐波分量与叶片的某阶固有频率相等或接近时,叶片就会发生共振,从而在叶片上产生相当大的动应力,导致叶片疲劳损坏。由于自然界中来流风速风向的不断变化,使得水平轴风力机常常运行于偏航工况。During the operation of wind turbines, the working conditions are unstable, and they are often affected by different natural conditions and working conditions such as wind shear, tower shadow effect, yaw, and blade speed change. The loads on the blades mainly include: aerodynamic loads, gravity loads, Inertial loads (including centrifugal and slewing effects) and operating loads caused by control system actions (such as starting, stopping, emergency braking, torque conversion, yaw, and generator off-grid, etc.) caused by blade control mechanisms. In the case of small wind speed, the change of synthetic wind speed and angle of attack has the same effect on the aerodynamic load, which almost cancels out; but in the state of high wind speed stall, the crosswind causes the periodic change of synthetic wind speed and angle of attack, resulting in periodic aerodynamic load, The magnitude of this load is related to the side slip angle. Among mechanical loads, gravity load and inertial force load are an important factor causing fatigue damage, especially when the diameter of the wind rotor is getting larger and the mass of the blade is getting heavier. The gyro torque is proportional to the yaw rate, rotational speed and blade inertia. When the rotating blade is working, it bears the joint action of centrifugal load, steady-state airflow load and unsteady-state airflow load. When the blade is working, it is affected by the exciting force of the unsteady air flow, resulting in forced vibration. When a certain order harmonic component of the periodic exciting force is equal to or close to a certain order natural frequency of the blade, the blade will resonate, so that in Considerable dynamic stress is generated on the blade, which leads to fatigue damage of the blade. Due to the constant change of wind speed and direction in nature, horizontal axis wind turbines often operate in yaw conditions.
风力发电机叶片的状态检测分为结构损伤检测与运行工况诊断,其中叶片结构损伤检测方法包括复型法、电位法、显微镜直接观测法以及各种无损检测方法等;叶片运行工况诊断主要是通过监测风力发电机组运行时产生的振动、冲击和噪声信号,用机组的各种动力学性能参数来进行描述,从中提取故障信息,并将其作为诊断依据,确定故障类型、位置、以及原因等。随着应力信号检测方法的不断提出,实验应力的分析方法主要有电阻应变片法等电测法,纤布拉格光栅法等光学测量方法、声发射法等声学方法等。但在实验测量方面还不完善,对模拟风力机实际运行条件下,进行风洞试验风向变化下风力机受力测量仍有局限性。The state detection of wind turbine blades is divided into structural damage detection and operating condition diagnosis. The blade structural damage detection methods include replica method, potential method, microscope direct observation method and various non-destructive testing methods, etc.; blade operating condition diagnosis mainly By monitoring the vibration, shock and noise signals generated during the operation of the wind turbine, it is described by various dynamic performance parameters of the unit, and the fault information is extracted from it, and used as a basis for diagnosis to determine the type, location, and cause of the fault Wait. With the continuous development of stress signal detection methods, experimental stress analysis methods mainly include electrical measurement methods such as the resistance strain gauge method, optical measurement methods such as the fiber Bragg grating method, and acoustic methods such as the acoustic emission method. However, the experimental measurement is still not perfect, and there are still limitations in the measurement of the force of the wind turbine under the wind direction change in the wind tunnel test under the actual operating conditions of the simulated wind turbine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于提供一种基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,通过旋转平台系统带动风力机转动,模拟自然界风向变化对风力机的影响,电阻应变检测将应变片铺设在叶片上,利于应变电阻变化来反映叶片内部结构变化与破损情况,有效检测叶片应力变化与表面破损情况。能够有效地解决上述目前技术存在的问题,为更多用户提供便利。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine blade stress-strain testing device based on a rotating platform, which drives the wind turbine to rotate through the rotating platform system, simulates the influence of wind direction changes in nature on the wind turbine, and lays strain gauges on the blades for resistance strain detection. It is beneficial to change the strain resistance to reflect the internal structure change and damage of the blade, and effectively detect the stress change and surface damage of the blade. It can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the current technology, and provide convenience for more users.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,主要包括旋转平台系统、风力机塔架、发电机、风轮、应变测试系统。所述旋转平台系统采用伺服电机驱动,伺服电机内置角度传感器并配备一个机械齿轮、速度传感器以及定位螺栓,旋转平台系统带动风力机旋转;所述风力机包括风力机塔架、发电机、风轮,所述风轮包括叶片和法兰盘,所述叶片通过螺栓安装在法兰盘上,所述叶片上设有电阻应变片,所述法兰盘安装在发电机机轴上。所述应变测试装置包括信息采集模块和设备控制模块;信息采集模块包括应力信号接收器、电阻应变片以及固定盘;应力信号接收器内置应变信号放大器和储存卡,通过固定盘与法兰盘连接,电阻应变片粘贴在叶片表面,在三支叶片上对称布置;设备控制模块包括系统计算机、负载调节设备、功率监测设备。其特征在于:旋转平台系统带动风力机进行风洞实验模拟风向变化,采用应变测试装置进行测量。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wind turbine blade stress-strain testing device based on a rotating platform, which mainly includes a rotating platform system, a wind turbine tower, a generator, a wind wheel, and a strain testing system. The rotating platform system is driven by a servo motor. The servo motor has a built-in angle sensor and is equipped with a mechanical gear, a speed sensor and a positioning bolt. The rotating platform system drives the wind turbine to rotate; the wind turbine includes a wind turbine tower, a generator, and a wind wheel. , the wind rotor includes blades and flanges, the blades are mounted on the flanges through bolts, the blades are provided with resistance strain gauges, and the flanges are mounted on the generator shaft. The strain testing device includes an information collection module and an equipment control module; the information collection module includes a stress signal receiver, a resistance strain gauge and a fixed plate; the stress signal receiver has a built-in strain signal amplifier and a memory card, and is connected to the flange through the fixed plate The resistance strain gauges are pasted on the surface of the blades and arranged symmetrically on the three blades; the equipment control module includes a system computer, load adjustment equipment, and power monitoring equipment. It is characterized in that: the rotating platform system drives the wind turbine to conduct a wind tunnel experiment to simulate the change of wind direction, and a strain test device is used for measurement.
前述的基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,旋转平台系统采用伺服电机驱动,伺服电机内置角度传感器确定旋转平台的位置;伺服电机内置速度传感器,通过速度传感器监测主轴转速。In the aforementioned stress-strain test device based on the rotating platform wind turbine blade, the rotating platform system is driven by a servo motor, and the servo motor has a built-in angle sensor to determine the position of the rotating platform; the servo motor has a built-in speed sensor, and the speed sensor is used to monitor the spindle speed.
前述的基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,所述发电机轴段与风轮连接,并通过风轮驱动发电。In the aforementioned stress-strain test device for wind turbine blades based on a rotating platform, the shaft section of the generator is connected to the wind wheel, and is driven to generate electricity by the wind wheel.
前述的基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,所述风轮包括三支叶片和法兰盘,通过螺栓叶片与法兰盘连接。In the aforementioned stress-strain test device for wind turbine blades based on a rotating platform, the wind wheel includes three blades and a flange, and the blades are connected to the flange through bolts.
前述的基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,所述应变测试装置包括信息采集模块和设备控制模块。信息采集模块包括应力信号接收器、电阻应变片以及固定盘;应力信号接收器采用半球形设计,内置应变信号放大器和储存卡,通过固定盘与法兰盘连接,电阻应变片粘贴在叶片表面,在三支叶片上对称布置。设备控制模块包括系统计算机、负载调节设备、功率监测设备;系统计算机实现测量数据的记录与处理,负载调节设备实现对风力机运行工况的调控,功率监测设备实现对风力机功率等运行参数的实时监测。In the aforementioned stress-strain test device for wind turbine blades based on a rotating platform, the strain test device includes an information collection module and an equipment control module. The information acquisition module includes a stress signal receiver, a resistance strain gauge and a fixed plate; the stress signal receiver adopts a hemispherical design, with a built-in strain signal amplifier and a memory card, connected to the flange through the fixed plate, and the resistance strain gauge is pasted on the surface of the blade. Arranged symmetrically on the three blades. The equipment control module includes system computer, load regulating equipment, and power monitoring equipment; the system computer realizes the recording and processing of measurement data, the load regulating equipment realizes the regulation and control of the operating conditions of the wind turbine, and the power monitoring equipment realizes the control of operating parameters such as the power of the wind turbine real-time monitoring.
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:通过旋转平台设备带动风力机转动实现风洞试验过程中对风向变化的模拟,使风力机测试更加接近实际运行工况;通过应变测试系统实现风力机运行过程中叶片受力的动态测量,可以保证叶片检测数据的实时性,使数据的准确性提高;整体设计合理,结构稳定更加紧凑,便于制作生产装配。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of: driving the wind turbine to rotate through the rotating platform equipment to realize the simulation of the wind direction change during the wind tunnel test, making the wind turbine test closer to the actual operating conditions; The dynamic measurement of the force on the blade during the operation of the machine can ensure the real-time performance of the blade detection data and improve the accuracy of the data; the overall design is reasonable, the structure is stable and more compact, and it is convenient for production and assembly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明布置结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the present invention;
图2、图3是应力信号接收器结构示意图;Figure 2 and Figure 3 are structural schematic diagrams of the stress signal receiver;
图4是固定盘结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fixed disk;
图5是法兰盘结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flange;
图6是伺服电机结构示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the servo motor;
图1中:1.伺服电机 2.旋转平台 3.风力机塔架 4.发电机 5.叶片 6.电阻应变片7.应力信号接收器 8.法兰盘 9.固定盘 10.功率监测设备 11.负载调节设备 12.系统计算机 13.导流罩In Figure 1: 1. Servo motor 2. Rotating platform 3. Wind turbine tower 4. Generator 5. Blade 6. Resistance strain gauge 7. Stress signal receiver 8. Flange plate 9. Fixed plate 10. Power monitoring equipment 11. Load adjustment device 12. System computer 13. Shroud
图2中:7a.天线 7b.主体 7c.接线孔 14.第一连接孔In Figure 2: 7a. Antenna 7b. Main body 7c. Wiring hole 14. First connection hole
图3中:7d.应变信号放大器 7e.储存卡In Fig. 3: 7d. Strain signal amplifier 7e. Memory card
图4中:15.固定孔 16.固定轴孔 17.第二连接孔In Figure 4: 15. Fixed hole 16. Fixed shaft hole 17. Second connecting hole
图5中:18.第一定位孔 19.第二定位孔 20.法兰轴孔In Figure 5: 18. First positioning hole 19. Second positioning hole 20. Flange shaft hole
图6中:1a.角度传感器 1b.机械齿轮 1c.速度传感器 1d.定位螺栓In Figure 6: 1a. Angle sensor 1b. Mechanical gear 1c. Speed sensor 1d. Positioning bolt
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
图1所示为本发明的第一个实施例,本发明所述是一种基于旋转平台风力机叶片应力应变测试装置,主体结构包括旋转平台系统、风力机塔架、发电机、风轮、应变测试系统。所述转平台系统包括用于驱动的伺服电机1、旋转平台2,所述发电机4安装在风力机塔架3上,通过机轴与风轮连接,所述风轮包括叶片5和法兰盘8,所述叶片5通过螺栓安装在法兰盘8上,所述应变测试系统包括信息采集系统和设备控制系统,信息采集系统包括用于接收数据的应力信号接收器7,粘贴在叶片5上测量受力的电阻应变片6,以及用于安装应力信号接收器7在发电机4上的固定盘9;设备控制系统包括用于监测风力机运行功率等相关参数的功率监测设备10,调节风力机运行工况变化的负载调节设备11,记录处理测量数据的系统计算机12。Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is a kind of wind turbine blade stress-strain test device based on the rotating platform, the main structure includes a rotating platform system, a wind turbine tower, a generator, a wind wheel, Strain test system. The rotating platform system includes a servo motor 1 for driving and a rotating platform 2, the generator 4 is installed on the wind turbine tower 3, and is connected with the wind wheel through the machine shaft, and the wind wheel includes blades 5 and flanges Disk 8, the blade 5 is mounted on the flange 8 through bolts, the strain test system includes an information acquisition system and an equipment control system, the information acquisition system includes a stress signal receiver 7 for receiving data, pasted on the blade 5 Measuring the stressed resistance strain gauge 6 on the top, and the fixed plate 9 for installing the stress signal receiver 7 on the generator 4; the equipment control system includes a power monitoring device 10 for monitoring the operating power of the wind turbine and other related parameters, adjusting The load regulating equipment 11 for changing the operating condition of the wind turbine, and the system computer 12 for recording and processing measurement data.
在进行风洞实验过程中,所述风轮正对来流方向,通过伺服电机1内置速度传感器测量旋转平台 2的转速,采用导线连接伺服电机1与系统计算机12,系统计算机12上安装控制程序控制旋转平台2 的转速;风力机塔架3安装在旋转平台2上,发电机4安装在风力机塔架3上,叶片5采用螺栓连接通过第一定位孔18安装在法兰盘8上组成所述风轮,风轮安装在发电机。当风驱动所述风轮带动发电机4 发电。在所述风力机运行时使用负载调节设备11调节运行工况,通过旋转平台2带动风力机转动,实现模拟实际运行工况中风向变化对风力机的影响情况。同时,在叶片5的气动中心线上从叶根到叶尖应力敏感位置,三支叶片5对称布置电阻应变片6测量风力机运行过程中叶片5的应力应变,减小质量偏心对所述风轮转动稳定性的影响;电阻应变片6通过导线连接到应力信号接收器7;同时,通过无线局域网连接系统计算机12,将测量数据在系统计算机12的处理软件中计算。功率监测设备10监测风力机运行功率等相关参数。应力信号接收器7外侧有四个连接孔14与固定盘9上第二连接孔17通过螺栓连接,固定盘9通过固定孔15螺栓连接第二定位孔19安装在法兰盘8。实验时半球形的应力信号接收器 7方便加装导流罩13,减小空气阻力对所述风力机的影响。During the wind tunnel experiment, the wind wheel is facing the direction of the incoming flow, the speed sensor of the servo motor 1 is used to measure the rotational speed of the rotating platform 2, and the servo motor 1 is connected to the system computer 12 by wires, and the control program is installed on the system computer 12 Control the rotating speed of the rotating platform 2; the wind turbine tower 3 is installed on the rotating platform 2, the generator 4 is installed on the wind turbine tower 3, and the blades 5 are installed on the flange 8 through the first positioning hole 18 by bolt connection. The wind wheel is installed on the generator. When the wind drives the wind wheel to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity. When the wind turbine is running, the load adjustment device 11 is used to adjust the operating conditions, and the rotating platform 2 is used to drive the wind turbine to rotate, so as to simulate the influence of wind direction changes on the wind turbine in actual operating conditions. At the same time, on the aerodynamic center line of the blade 5, from the blade root to the blade tip stress-sensitive position, the three blades 5 are symmetrically arranged with resistance strain gauges 6 to measure the stress and strain of the blade 5 during the operation of the wind turbine, so as to reduce the impact of mass eccentricity on the wind turbine. The impact of the wheel rotation stability; the resistance strain gauge 6 is connected to the stress signal receiver 7 through wires; at the same time, the system computer 12 is connected through the wireless local area network, and the measurement data is calculated in the processing software of the system computer 12. The power monitoring device 10 monitors related parameters such as the operating power of the wind turbine. There are four connecting holes 14 on the outside of the stress signal receiver 7 and the second connecting holes 17 on the fixed plate 9 are connected by bolts, and the fixed plate 9 is installed on the flange 8 through the fixing holes 15 bolted to the second positioning holes 19 . During the experiment, the hemispherical stress signal receiver 7 facilitates the installation of a shroud 13, which reduces the impact of air resistance on the wind turbine.
图2、图3所示为本发明的第二个实施例,通过导线电阻应变片6连接到接线孔7c,测量的电信号经过应变信号放大器7d处理,应力信号接收器7将测量数据保存到内置储存卡7e,并经过天线7a发射信号通过无线局域网传输测量数据到系统计算机12。Fig. 2, Fig. 3 show the second embodiment of the present invention, connect to wiring hole 7c by wire resistance strain gage 6, the electrical signal of measurement is processed through strain signal amplifier 7d, and stress signal receiver 7 saves measurement data to The built-in memory card 7e transmits the measurement data to the system computer 12 through the antenna 7a to transmit signals through the wireless local area network.
图6所示为本发明的第三个实施例,伺服电机1内置角度传感器1a确定旋转平台2的位置,当测量系统断电时,即使风机在运行过程中,角度传感器1a配备一个机械齿轮1b也能进行正确测量。速度传感器1c通过扫描在伺服电机主轴上安装的定位螺栓1d,可以测量主轴的转速。角度传感器1a和速度传感器1c通过导线连接系统计算机12进行检测控制。Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the invention, the servo motor 1 has a built-in angle sensor 1a to determine the position of the rotating platform 2, when the measuring system is powered off, even if the fan is running, the angle sensor 1a is equipped with a mechanical gear 1b It is also possible to perform accurate measurements. The speed sensor 1c can measure the rotational speed of the main shaft by scanning the positioning bolt 1d installed on the main shaft of the servo motor. The angle sensor 1a and the speed sensor 1c are connected to the system computer 12 through wires for detection and control.
对所述实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本实用新型的精神或范围内的情况下,在其他实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合于本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the described embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention . Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822277206.5UCN209838604U (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Wind turbine blade stress-strain testing device based on rotating platform |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822277206.5UCN209838604U (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Wind turbine blade stress-strain testing device based on rotating platform |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209838604Utrue CN209838604U (en) | 2019-12-24 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201822277206.5UExpired - Fee RelatedCN209838604U (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Wind turbine blade stress-strain testing device based on rotating platform |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112145374A (en)* | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Test device for realizing real-time synchronous noise monitoring of wind turbine |
| CN114152433A (en)* | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Rotor fault detection systems and rotating machinery |
| CN115585105A (en)* | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Floating type offshore wind turbine multi-field testing system and method thereof |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112145374A (en)* | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Test device for realizing real-time synchronous noise monitoring of wind turbine |
| CN114152433A (en)* | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Rotor fault detection systems and rotating machinery |
| CN115585105A (en)* | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-10 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Floating type offshore wind turbine multi-field testing system and method thereof |
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