技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及土工试验技术领域，尤其涉及一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of geotechnical tests, in particular to a measuring device for variable water head soil permeability coefficient.
背景技术Background technique
渗透系数是表征土渗透性强弱的定量指标，也是进行渗流计算时必须用到的一个基本参数，在土壤改良处理、各类地下工程施工等方面有重要作用。目前土壤渗透仪分为常水头和变水头两种，常水头试验适用于测定透水性较大的砂性土的渗透系数，变水头试验适用于测定透水性较小的粘性土的渗透系数。无论是常水头法还是变水头法都是在实验室内测定的，在用环刀筒样运输过程中，会对土的含水量、质量和结构产生一定影响，从而导致较大的误差。传统的现场井孔抽水或孔井注水的试验方法虽然测出的渗透系数数值本身较为可靠，但是却对表层土体产生了破坏，无法准确测量含有表层土的土壤渗透系数，而且成本较高、时间较长。因而，如果有能够在减小土体扰动的条件下，在原位点处用渗透筒体测量出土体渗透系数的试验装置，将在增大土体渗透系数的准确率的同时减少运输成本和扰动误差。The permeability coefficient is a quantitative index that characterizes the strength of soil permeability, and it is also a basic parameter that must be used in the calculation of seepage. It plays an important role in soil improvement and various underground engineering constructions. At present, soil infiltration meters are divided into two types: constant water head and variable water head. The constant water head test is suitable for measuring the permeability coefficient of sandy soil with high water permeability, and the variable water head test is suitable for measuring the permeability coefficient of clayey soil with low water permeability. Both the constant water head method and the variable water head method are measured in the laboratory, and the water content, quality and structure of the soil will be affected to a certain extent during the transportation of the sample with the ring cutter, resulting in large errors. Although the traditional on-site wellbore pumping or wellbore water injection test method is relatively reliable in itself, the value of the measured permeability coefficient is relatively reliable, but it has caused damage to the surface soil, and cannot accurately measure the soil permeability coefficient containing the topsoil, and the cost is high. A long time. Therefore, if there is a test device that can measure the permeability coefficient of the excavated soil with the infiltration cylinder at the in-situ point under the condition of reducing soil disturbance, it will increase the accuracy of the soil permeability coefficient while reducing transportation costs and disturbance error.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本实用新型提供了一种结构简单、能够有效减小扰动误差的变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置。In view of this, the utility model provides a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device which has a simple structure and can effectively reduce disturbance errors.
本实用新型提供一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置，包括试验支架、密封盖、试验筒、孔网、水槽和变水头管，所述试验筒内放置待测土体，所述试验筒放置在试验支架上，所述密封盖、试验筒、孔网和水槽自上而下依次连接，所述试验筒包括螺纹连接的试验筒上部和试验筒下部，所述试验筒上部和试验筒下部的上下端均敞口，所述试验筒上部的筒壁上开设若干等间距排列的溢水孔，所述变水头管竖直连接在溢水孔处，所述孔网的上端敞口，所述孔网的下端封闭且开设有若干小孔，所述孔网内放置透水石，所述水槽的上端敞口，所述水槽的下端封闭，注入变水头管内的水从溢水孔流入试验筒，然后流过待测土体产生渗透，再流入水槽内通过水槽流出，根据变水头管内的水量变化计算待测土体的渗透系数。The utility model provides a soil permeability coefficient measuring device with variable water head, which comprises a test bracket, a sealing cover, a test cylinder, a hole net, a water tank and a variable water head pipe. The soil body to be tested is placed in the test cylinder, and the test cylinder is placed in the On the test bracket, the sealing cover, the test cylinder, the hole net and the water tank are sequentially connected from top to bottom. Both ends are open, and a number of overflow holes arranged at equal intervals are set on the wall of the upper part of the test cylinder. The lower end is closed and a number of small holes are opened. Permeable stones are placed in the hole net. The upper end of the water tank is open, and the lower end of the water tank is closed. The soil to be tested generates infiltration, then flows into the water tank and flows out through the water tank, and the permeability coefficient of the soil to be tested is calculated according to the change of the water volume in the variable head pipe.
进一步地，所述变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置还包括旋拧杆盖，所述旋拧杆盖包括盖体和旋拧杆，所述盖体的下端与试验筒上部的上端螺纹配合，所述盖体上设有十字形孔柱，所述十字形孔柱上设有竖直孔，所述旋拧杆包括旋拧杆直杆和旋拧杆底盘，所述旋拧杆直杆穿过竖直孔且与竖直孔螺纹配合，所述旋拧杆直杆的底端为球状曲面，靠近旋拧杆直杆的底端处设有与旋拧杆直杆固定连接的第一圆环，所述旋拧杆底盘的上方连接第二圆环，所述旋拧杆直杆的底端穿过第二圆环，所述第二圆环的内径大于旋拧杆直杆的直径且小于第一圆环的外径。Further, the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device also includes a screw rod cover, the screw rod cover includes a cover body and a screw rod, the lower end of the cover body is threaded with the upper end of the upper part of the test cylinder, and the The cover body is provided with a cross-shaped hole post, and the cross-shaped hole post is provided with a vertical hole, and the screw rod includes a screw rod straight rod and a screw rod chassis, and the screw rod straight rod passes through the vertical The straight hole is threaded with the vertical hole, the bottom end of the straight screw rod is a spherical curved surface, and a first ring fixedly connected with the straight rod of the screw rod is arranged near the bottom end of the straight rod of the screw rod. The top of the screw rod chassis is connected to the second ring, the bottom end of the screw rod straight rod passes through the second ring, and the inner diameter of the second ring is larger than the diameter of the screw rod straight rod and smaller than the first ring. The outer diameter of a ring.
进一步地，所述待测土体的渗透系数的计算公式为：Further, the formula for calculating the permeability coefficient of the soil to be tested is:
kT＝2.3a(L2-L1)/(A(t2-t1))*log(H1/H2)kT =2.3a(L2 -L1 )/(A(t2 -t1 ))*log(H1 /H2 )
式中，kT为待测土体的渗透系数；a为变水头管的内断面积；A为试验筒的内断面积；L1为旋拧杆底盘与试验筒下部的下端口平齐时，旋拧杆直杆位于试验筒外的长度；L2为旋拧杆底盘与土体上部正好接触时，旋拧杆直杆位于试验筒外的长度；t1为试验初始时刻；t2为试验结束时刻；H1为试验开始时变水头管内的水的刻度；H2为试验结束时变水头管内的水的刻度。In the formula, kT is the permeability coefficient of the soil to be tested; a is the internal cross-sectional area of the variable head pipe;A is the internal cross-sectional area of the test cylinder; , the length of the straight rod of the screw rod outside the test tube; L2 is the length of the straight rod of the screw rod outside the test tube when the chassis of the screw rod is just in contact with the upper part of the soil; t1 is the initial moment of the test; t2 is The end time of the test; H1 is the scale of the water in the variable head pipe at the beginning of the test; H2 is the scale of the water in the variable head pipe at the end of the test.
进一步地，所述变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置还包括辅助取土筒，所述辅助取土筒的上下端敞口，所述辅助取土筒的内径与试验筒上部的内径一致，所述辅助取土筒的下端与试验筒上部的上端螺纹配合。Further, the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device also includes an auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder, the upper and lower ends of the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder are open, and the inner diameter of the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder is consistent with the inner diameter of the upper part of the test cylinder. The lower end of the soil-taking cylinder is threadedly matched with the upper end of the test cylinder top.
进一步地，所述变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置还包括环刀筒，所述环刀筒的上下端敞口，所述环刀筒的内径与试验筒下部的内径一致，所述环刀筒的上端与试验筒下部的下端螺纹配合，所述环刀筒的下端设有刀刃。Further, the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device also includes a ring cutter cylinder, the upper and lower ends of the ring cutter cylinder are open, the inner diameter of the ring cutter cylinder is consistent with the inner diameter of the lower part of the test cylinder, and the ring cutter cylinder The upper end is threadedly matched with the lower end of the lower part of the test cylinder, and the lower end of the ring cutter cylinder is provided with a blade.
进一步地，所述试验支架包括试验支架圆筒和三个试验支架支腿，所述试验支架支腿与试验支架圆筒铰接，所述试验支架圆筒的上下端敞口，所述试验支架圆筒的上端开设有第一缺口和第二缺口，所述试验筒下部的筒壁上设有第一脚踏和第二脚踏，所述第一脚踏的形状与第一缺口的形状相匹配，所述第二脚踏的形状与第二缺口的形状相匹配，所述第一脚踏卡在第一缺口上，所述第二脚踏卡在第二缺口上。Further, the test support includes a test support cylinder and three test support legs, the test support legs are hinged to the test support cylinder, the upper and lower ends of the test support cylinder are open, and the test support circle The upper end of the cylinder is provided with a first notch and a second notch, and the lower wall of the test cylinder is provided with a first pedal and a second pedal, and the shape of the first pedal matches the shape of the first notch , the shape of the second pedal matches the shape of the second notch, the first pedal is clamped on the first notch, and the second pedal is clamped on the second notch.
进一步地，所述密封盖包括密封盖上部和密封盖下部，所述密封盖上部的下端与试验筒上部的上端螺纹配合，所述密封盖下部的外径与试验筒上部的内径一致，所述密封盖对试验筒上部进行密封。Further, the sealing cover includes an upper part of the sealing cover and a lower part of the sealing cover, the lower end of the upper part of the sealing cover is threadedly matched with the upper end of the upper part of the test cylinder, and the outer diameter of the lower part of the sealing cover is consistent with the inner diameter of the upper part of the test cylinder. The sealing cover seals the upper part of the test cylinder.
进一步地，所述水槽的侧壁上开设水槽出水口，所述水槽出水口连接第一橡胶管。Further, a water outlet of the water tank is provided on the side wall of the water tank, and the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the first rubber tube.
进一步地，所述变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置还包括击实支座，所述击实支座包括底板和两根竖直杆，两根竖直杆分别固定连接在底板的上方，每根竖直杆上均设置一个水平销钉孔，所述水平销钉孔内插入支座销钉，所述十字形孔柱上还设有水平孔，所述水平孔与支座销钉螺纹配合。Further, the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device also includes a compaction support, and the compaction support includes a bottom plate and two vertical rods, and the two vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected above the bottom plate, and each vertical A horizontal pin hole is arranged on each of the straight rods, and a support pin is inserted into the horizontal pin hole, and a horizontal hole is also provided on the cross-shaped hole column, and the horizontal hole is threadedly matched with the support pin.
进一步地，所述第二圆环与旋拧杆底盘通过三根圆环支架连接，所述圆环支架的一端连接在旋拧杆底盘上，所述圆环支架的另一端与第二圆环连接。Further, the second ring is connected to the screw rod chassis through three ring brackets, one end of the ring bracket is connected to the screw rod chassis, and the other end of the ring bracket is connected to the second ring .
本实用新型提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the utility model are:
1、本实用新型提供的变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置能够对地形摆放有较好的适应性，可以在不平坦的地形进行试验操作，克服了已有大部分测定渗透系数装置对放置场地要求较高的问题；1. The variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device provided by the utility model can have good adaptability to terrain placement, and can conduct test operations on uneven terrain, overcoming the requirements of most of the existing permeability coefficient measuring devices on the placement site higher questions;
2、本实用新型通过将旋拧杆盖、试验筒、孔网、水槽、密封盖和变水头管相配合，能够在有效避免对土体扰动以及对表层土和土壤覆盖层破坏的条件下测量土体的渗透系数，从而使所测渗透系数的结果更接近原样土的真实值；2. The utility model can measure under the conditions of effectively avoiding disturbance to the soil and damage to the surface soil and the soil cover layer by matching the screw rod cover, the test cylinder, the hole net, the water tank, the sealing cover and the variable water head pipe. The permeability coefficient of the soil, so that the result of the measured permeability coefficient is closer to the true value of the original soil;
3、本实用新型通过击实装置能够较为简便地测量一定孔隙度要求下的实验室配比土的渗透系数；3. The utility model can easily measure the permeability coefficient of the laboratory proportion soil under a certain porosity requirement through the compaction device;
4、本实用新型能在不更换土体的情况下，改变变水头管的水位从而进行多组试验以提高结果的准确性。4. The utility model can change the water level of the variable water head pipe without changing the soil body so as to carry out multiple sets of tests to improve the accuracy of the results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图2是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的试验筒、孔网与水槽的连接示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the test cylinder, the hole network and the water tank of a variable head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图3是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的密封盖的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a sealing cover of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图4是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的孔网和试验筒配合的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the coordination of the hole network and the test cylinder of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图5是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的辅助取土筒、试验筒和环刀筒配合的结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the coordination of the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder, the test cylinder and the ring cutter cylinder of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图6是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的辅助取土筒、试验筒和环刀筒配合的分解示意图。Fig. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the coordination of the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder, the test cylinder and the ring knife cylinder of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图7是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的击实支座的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a compaction support of a variable head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图8是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的旋拧杆盖的结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a screw rod cover of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
图9是本实用新型一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的旋拧杆底盘的放大示意图。Fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the screw rod chassis of a variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本实用新型实施方式作进一步地描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model clearer, the following will further describe the implementation of the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请参考图1至图9，本实用新型的实施例提供了一种变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置，包括试验支架1、密封盖2、试验筒3、孔网4、水槽5、变水头管6、辅助取土筒7、环刀筒8、旋拧杆盖9和击实支座10，密封盖2、试验筒3、孔网4和水槽5自上而下依次螺纹连接，试验筒3放置在试验支架1上。Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, the embodiment of the present utility model provides a kind of variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device, including test support 1, sealing cover 2, test cylinder 3, hole net 4, water tank 5, variable water head pipe 6 , auxiliary soil extraction cylinder 7, ring knife cylinder 8, screw rod cover 9 and compaction support 10, sealing cover 2, test cylinder 3, hole net 4 and water tank 5 are threaded in sequence from top to bottom, and test cylinder 3 is placed On test stand 1.
试验支架1包括试验支架圆筒11和三个试验支架支腿12，三个试验支架支腿12上均设置有支腿销钉121，通过支腿销钉121可以调整试验支架支腿12的长度，且三个试验支架支腿12分别与试验支架圆筒11铰接，试验支架圆筒11的上下端敞口，试验支架圆筒11的上端开设有第一缺口111和第二缺口112，第一缺口111和第二缺口112关于试验支架圆筒11的中心对称，试验支架圆筒11的筒壁上设有含水准气泡的水准表113，水准表113用来衡量试验支架圆筒11是否水平。Test support 1 comprises test support cylinder 11 and three test support legs 12, and three test support legs 12 are all provided with support leg pin 121, can adjust the length of test support support leg 12 by support leg pin 121, and Three test support legs 12 are respectively hinged with the test support cylinder 11, the upper and lower ends of the test support cylinder 11 are open, and the upper end of the test support cylinder 11 is provided with a first gap 111 and a second gap 112, the first gap 111 It is symmetrical with the second notch 112 about the center of the test support cylinder 11. The cylinder wall of the test support cylinder 11 is provided with a level gauge 113 containing level bubbles. The level gauge 113 is used to measure whether the test support cylinder 11 is level.
试验筒3内放置土体，试验筒3包括螺纹连接的试验筒上部31和试验筒下部32，试验筒上部31和试验筒下部32的尺寸一致，试验筒上部31和试验筒下部32的上下端均敞口，试验筒上部31的筒壁上开设四个等间距排列的溢水孔311，溢水孔311处设有溢水孔盖312，溢水孔盖312的中部有金属材质的突出柱体，该突出柱体的外径与溢水孔311的内径相同，通过将溢水孔盖312的突出柱体放置到溢水孔311内将溢水孔311密封，进行变水头试验时，在选定的溢水孔311处连接变水头管6，并使变水头管6保持竖直；试验筒下部32的筒壁上设有三角状的第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322，第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322关于试验筒下部32的中心对称，第一脚踏321的形状与试验支架圆筒11上的第一缺口111的形状相匹配，第二脚踏322的形状与试验支架圆筒11上的第二缺口112的形状相匹配，通过将第一脚踏321卡在第一缺口111、第二脚踏322卡在第二缺口112上将试验筒3卡设在试验支架圆筒11上，试验筒下部32的外径与试验支架圆筒11的内径相同。The soil body is placed in the test cylinder 3, and the test cylinder 3 comprises a test cylinder top 31 and a test cylinder bottom 32 which are screwed together. They are all open, and four overflow holes 311 arranged at equal intervals are set on the wall of the upper part 31 of the test cylinder. The overflow hole 311 is provided with an overflow hole cover 312, and the middle part of the overflow hole cover 312 has a protruding cylinder of metal material. The outer diameter of the cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the overflow hole 311, and the overflow hole 311 is sealed by placing the protruding cylinder of the overflow hole cover 312 in the overflow hole 311. Change the water head pipe 6, and make the variable water head pipe 6 keep vertical; The cylinder wall of the test tube bottom 32 is provided with a triangular first pedal 321 and a second pedal 322, and the first pedal 321 and the second pedal 322 is symmetrical about the center of the lower part 32 of the test tube, the shape of the first pedal 321 matches the shape of the first notch 111 on the test bracket cylinder 11, the shape of the second pedal 322 matches the shape of the first gap 111 on the test bracket cylinder 11 The shapes of the two notches 112 are matched, and the test cylinder 3 is set on the test support cylinder 11 by clamping the first pedal 321 on the first notch 111 and the second pedal 322 on the second notch 112. The outer diameter of the lower part 32 is the same as the inner diameter of the test rack cylinder 11 .
参考图3，密封盖2包括一体连接的密封盖上部21和密封盖下部22，密封盖上部21的上端封闭，密封盖上部21的下端与试验筒上部31的上端螺纹配合，密封盖下部22的外径与试验筒上部31的内径一致，密封盖2对试验筒上部31进行密封，密封盖下部22为泡沫材质的柱体结构。With reference to Fig. 3, sealing cap 2 comprises the sealing cap top 21 and sealing cap bottom 22 that are integrally connected, and the upper end of sealing cap top 21 is closed, and the lower end of sealing cap top 21 is screwed with the upper end of test tube top 31, and the sealing cap bottom 22 The outer diameter is consistent with the inner diameter of the upper part 31 of the test tube, the sealing cover 2 seals the upper part 31 of the test tube, and the lower part 22 of the sealing cover is a columnar structure made of foam material.
参考图4，孔网4的上端敞口，孔网4的下端封闭且开设有若干小孔(图中未示)，孔网4内放置圆柱状的透水石41，透水石41的直径与试验筒下部32的内径一致，孔网4为筒体结构，孔网4的内径、壁厚与试验筒下部32的内径、壁厚一致，孔网4的上端与试验筒下部32的下端螺纹配合。With reference to Fig. 4, the upper end of hole net 4 is open, and the lower end of hole net 4 is closed and has some small holes (not shown in the figure), and cylindrical permeable stone 41 is placed in hole net 4, and the diameter of permeable stone 41 and test The inner diameter of the lower part 32 of the cylinder is the same, the hole net 4 is a cylindrical structure, the inner diameter and wall thickness of the hole net 4 are consistent with the inner diameter and wall thickness of the lower part 32 of the test tube, and the upper end of the hole net 4 is threadedly matched with the lower end of the lower part 32 of the test tube.
水槽5的上端敞口，水槽5的下端封闭，水槽5为筒体结构，水槽5的内径、壁厚与孔网4的内径、壁厚一致，水槽5的上端与孔网4的下端螺纹配合，水槽5的侧壁上开设水槽出水口51，水槽出水口51连接第一橡胶管52，第一橡胶管52上设有第一止水夹53。The upper end of the water tank 5 is open, the lower end of the water tank 5 is closed, the water tank 5 is a cylinder structure, the inner diameter and wall thickness of the water tank 5 are consistent with the inner diameter and wall thickness of the hole net 4, and the upper end of the water tank 5 is threaded with the lower end of the hole net 4 A water tank outlet 51 is provided on the side wall of the water tank 5 , the water tank outlet 51 is connected to a first rubber tube 52 , and a first water stop clamp 53 is provided on the first rubber tube 52 .
参考图5和图6，辅助取土筒7的内径与试验筒上部31的内径一致，辅助取土筒7的长度比试验筒3的长度大，辅助取土筒7的上下端敞口，辅助取土筒7的筒壁上设有两个位于筒壁直径线两侧的把手71，辅助取土筒7的下端与试验筒上部31的上端螺纹配合。With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the inner diameter of auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder 7 is consistent with the inner diameter of test cylinder top 31, and the length of auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder 7 is larger than the length of test cylinder 3, and the upper and lower ends of auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder 7 are exposed, and the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder 7 is open. The cylinder wall of the soil-taking cylinder 7 is provided with two handles 71 positioned at both sides of the diameter line of the cylinder wall, and the lower end of the soil-absorbing cylinder 7 is threadedly matched with the upper end of the test cylinder top 31.
参考图5和图6，环刀筒8为筒体结构，环刀筒8的上下端敞口，环刀筒8的内径、壁厚与试验筒下部32的内径、壁厚一致，环刀筒8的上端与试验筒下部32的下端螺纹配合，环刀筒8的下端设有刀刃，环刀筒8受力后刀刃与土壤接触切割土壤，被切割的土壤保留在试验筒下部32内。With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, ring cutter cylinder 8 is cylinder structure, and the upper and lower ends of ring cutter cylinder 8 are open, and the inner diameter, wall thickness of ring cutter cylinder 8 are consistent with the inner diameter, wall thickness of test tube bottom 32, and ring cutter cylinder The upper end of 8 is threadedly matched with the lower end of test cylinder bottom 32, and the lower end of ring cutter cylinder 8 is provided with blade, and after ring cutter cylinder 8 is stressed, blade contacts and cuts soil with soil, and the cut soil remains in test cylinder bottom 32.
参考图8和图9，旋拧杆盖9包括盖体91和旋拧杆92，盖体91的下端与试验筒上部31的上端螺纹配合，盖体91的中心开孔，盖体91上设有十字形孔柱911，十字形孔柱911上设有连通的竖直孔912和水平孔913，竖直孔912与盖体91的中心连通，旋拧杆92包括旋拧杆直杆921和旋拧杆底盘922，旋拧杆直杆921的上端设有旋拧杆旋钮923，旋拧杆直杆921穿过竖直孔912和盖体91的中心且与竖直孔912螺纹配合，通过螺纹配合使得旋拧杆直杆921在十字形孔柱911中上下移动，旋拧杆直杆921的底端为球状曲面，靠近旋拧杆直杆921的底端处设有与旋拧杆直杆921一体连接的第一圆环924，旋拧杆底盘922的正上方连接第二圆环925，第二圆环925位于第一圆环924的上方，旋拧杆直杆921的底端穿过第二圆环925，第二圆环925的内径略大于旋拧杆直杆921的直径且小于第一圆环924的外径，使得旋拧杆直杆921能够相对旋拧杆底盘922转动，并在一定范围内相对旋拧杆底盘922上下运动，旋拧杆直杆921向上移动至最高位置时被第二圆环925限定，旋拧杆直杆921向下移动至最低位置时被旋拧杆底盘922限定，第二圆环925与旋拧杆底盘922通过三根圆环支架926连接，圆环支架926的一端一体连接在旋拧杆底盘922上，圆环支架926的另一端与第二圆环925一体连接，三根圆环支架926以旋拧杆底盘922的圆心为中心点。With reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, screw rod cover 9 comprises cover body 91 and screw rod 92, and the lower end of cover body 91 is threadedly engaged with the upper end of test tube top 31, and the center opening of cover body 91, is provided with on cover body 91 There is a cross-shaped hole post 911, and the cross-shaped hole post 911 is provided with a connected vertical hole 912 and a horizontal hole 913. The vertical hole 912 communicates with the center of the cover body 91, and the screw rod 92 includes a screw rod straight rod 921 and The screw rod chassis 922, the upper end of the screw rod straight rod 921 is provided with the screw rod knob 923, the screw rod straight rod 921 passes through the center of the vertical hole 912 and the cover body 91 and is threadedly matched with the vertical hole 912, through Thread fit makes the straight rod 921 of the screw rod move up and down in the cross-shaped hole column 911. The bottom end of the straight rod 921 is a spherical curved surface. The rod 921 is integrally connected with the first ring 924, the second ring 925 is connected directly above the screw rod chassis 922, the second ring 925 is located above the first ring 924, and the bottom end of the screw rod straight rod 921 passes through Through the second ring 925, the inner diameter of the second ring 925 is slightly larger than the diameter of the screw rod straight rod 921 and smaller than the outer diameter of the first ring 924, so that the screw rod straight rod 921 can rotate relative to the screw rod chassis 922 , and move up and down relative to the screw rod chassis 922 within a certain range. When the screw rod straight rod 921 moves up to the highest position, it is limited by the second ring 925. When the screw rod straight rod 921 moves down to the lowest position, it is rotated. The screw rod chassis 922 is limited, the second ring 925 is connected with the screw rod chassis 922 through three ring brackets 926, and one end of the ring bracket 926 is integrally connected to the screw rod chassis 922, and the other end of the ring bracket 926 is connected to the second ring bracket 926. The two rings 925 are integrally connected, and the three ring supports 926 take the center of the circle of the screw rod chassis 922 as the center point.
参考图7，击实支座10包括底板101和两根竖直杆102，两根竖直杆102分别固定连接在底板101的上方，每根竖直杆102上均设置一个水平销钉孔103，水平销钉孔103内插入支座销钉104，支座销钉104与十字形孔柱911的水平孔913螺纹配合。Referring to Fig. 7, the compacting support 10 includes a base plate 101 and two vertical rods 102, the two vertical rods 102 are respectively fixedly connected above the base plate 101, each vertical rod 102 is provided with a horizontal pin hole 103, The support pin 104 is inserted into the horizontal pin hole 103 , and the support pin 104 is threadedly engaged with the horizontal hole 913 of the cross-shaped hole post 911 .
为了保证变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置的密封性，在螺纹连接的位置处均设有橡皮圈，水槽出水口51及溢水孔311处均设置橡皮套313。In order to ensure the tightness of the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device, rubber rings are provided at the positions of the threaded connections, and rubber sleeves 313 are provided at the outlet 51 of the water tank and the overflow hole 311 .
利用本实用新型提供的变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置进行原位粘性土变水头试验时，步骤为：When utilizing the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device provided by the utility model to carry out the in-situ cohesive soil variable water head test, the steps are:
步骤S101，将辅助取土筒7、试验筒上部31、试验筒下部32和环刀筒8自上而下依次组合为取土装置；Step S101, combining the auxiliary soil-borrowing cylinder 7, the upper part of the test cylinder 31, the lower part of the test cylinder 32 and the ring knife cylinder 8 from top to bottom into a soil-borrowing device;
步骤S102，将步骤S101组装好的取土装置插入待测土体中，插入一定深度使得环刀筒8的上端口线以上的土体厚度大约是所需试验的土体厚度，取土装置插入待测土体过程中，同时踩踏第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322或者在第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322上放上相等重量的重物，使第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322受力相等，可以有效保证取样的完整性，有效保留了原样的结构与组成；当环刀筒8的上端口线以上的土体厚度大约是所需试验的土体厚度时，停止踩踏第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322或者卸下第一脚踏321和第二脚踏322上的重物，同时尽量减小试验筒3的转动；Step S102, insert the soil taking device assembled in step S101 into the soil body to be tested, insert a certain depth so that the thickness of the soil body above the upper port line of the ring cutter cylinder 8 is about the thickness of the soil body required for the test, insert the soil taking device In the soil process to be measured, step on the first pedal 321 and the second pedal 322 simultaneously or put weights of equal weight on the first pedal 321 and the second pedal 322, so that the first pedal 321 and the second pedal The two pedals 322 are equally stressed, which can effectively ensure the integrity of the sampling, effectively retaining the original structure and composition; Stop stepping on the first pedal 321 and the second pedal 322 or remove the weight on the first pedal 321 and the second pedal 322, while minimizing the rotation of the test cylinder 3;
步骤S103，取下辅助取土筒7，在试验筒上部31装上旋拧杆盖9，通过旋拧杆旋钮923旋拧旋拧杆直杆921使得旋拧杆底盘922与土体上部正好接触，测量得到旋拧杆直杆921在试验筒3外的长度，记为L2；Step S103, remove the auxiliary soil borrowing cylinder 7, install the screw rod cover 9 on the upper part 31 of the test cylinder, and screw the screw rod straight rod 921 through the screw rod knob 923 so that the screw rod chassis 922 is just in contact with the upper part of the soil body , measure the length of the screw rod straight rod 921 outside the test cylinder 3, denoted as L2 ;
步骤S104，将取土装置周围的土体挖开，用一铁片或切土片切割环刀筒8下方的土体，并用手托住铁片和环刀筒8一起缓慢倒转至水平；Step S104, excavating the soil around the earth-taking device, cutting the soil below the ring cutter barrel 8 with an iron piece or a soil cutting piece, and holding the iron piece and the ring cutter barrel 8 by hand and slowly turning them back to the level;
步骤S105，取下环刀筒8，平行于试验筒下部32的下端口切割土体，使得切面和试验筒下部32的下端口平齐，然后连接上装入透水石41的孔网4；Step S105, remove the ring cutter cylinder 8, cut the soil body parallel to the lower port of the lower part 32 of the test cylinder, so that the cut surface is flush with the lower port of the lower part 32 of the test cylinder, and then connect the hole net 4 loaded with the permeable stone 41;
步骤S106，利用水准表113调平试验支架1，将装有土体的试验筒3放置在试验支架1上，并将水槽5连接在孔网4的下端；Step S106, use the level gauge 113 to level the test support 1, place the test cylinder 3 with soil on the test support 1, and connect the water tank 5 to the lower end of the hole network 4;
步骤S107，取下旋拧杆盖9，若所取土体没有覆盖层物质，则在土体表层铺上砾石层；Step S107, taking off the screw rod cover 9, if the soil body to be taken has no overburden material, a gravel layer is laid on the surface of the soil body;
步骤S108，将密封盖2盖在试验筒上部31，取下最下方的溢水孔311处的溢水孔盖312，将变水头管6用橡皮套313连接在最下方的溢水孔311处，并保持变水头管6竖直；Step S108, cover the sealing cover 2 on the upper part 31 of the test cylinder, remove the overflow hole cover 312 at the bottom overflow hole 311, connect the variable head pipe 6 to the bottom overflow hole 311 with a rubber sleeve 313, and keep Variable water head pipe 6 is vertical;
步骤S109，其他溢水孔311处利用溢水孔盖312密封，在水槽出水口51处连接第一橡胶管52；Step S109, the other overflow hole 311 is sealed with the overflow hole cover 312, and the first rubber tube 52 is connected to the sink outlet 51;
步骤S110，向变水头管6中注水至一定高度，排出变水头管6中的气泡，打开第一止水夹53，进行试验；Step S110, inject water into the variable water head pipe 6 to a certain height, discharge the air bubbles in the variable water head pipe 6, open the first water stop clamp 53, and conduct a test;
步骤S111，测量初始时刻t1时的变水头管6的刻度H1及一段时间后的t2时刻的变水头管6的刻度H2及水槽出水口51处的水温T；Step S111, measuring the scale H1 of the variable water head pipe 6 at the initial timet1 and the scaleH2 of the variable water head pipe 6 at the timet2 aftera period of time and the water temperature T at the water outlet 51 of the water tank;
步骤S112，计算渗透系数kT，渗透系数kT的计算公式为：Step S112, calculating the permeability coefficient kT , the calculation formula of the permeability coefficient kT is:
kT＝2.3a(L2-L1)/(A(t2-t1))*log(H1/H2)kT =2.3a(L2 -L1 )/(A(t2 -t1 ))*log(H1 /H2 )
式中，a为变水头管6的内断面积；A为试验筒3的内断面积，L1为旋拧杆底盘922与试验筒下部32的下端口平齐时，旋拧杆直杆921位于试验筒3外的长度；In the formula, a is the internal sectional area of the variable water head pipe 6; A is the internal sectional area of the test cylinder3 , and L1 is when the screw rod chassis 922 is flush with the lower port of the test tube bottom 32, the screw rod straight rod 921 The length outside the test cylinder 3;
步骤S113，改变变水头管6的注水量，重复执行步骤S110-S112多次(一般为5-6次)，当多次测量的渗透系数差值在误差允许范围内时，结束试验。Step S113, changing the water injection volume of the variable water head pipe 6, repeating steps S110-S112 multiple times (generally 5-6 times), and when the difference in permeability coefficient measured multiple times is within the allowable range of error, the test is ended.
利用本实用新型提供的变水头土壤渗透系数测定装置进行实验室配比粘性土的变水头试验时，步骤为：When utilizing the variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device provided by the utility model to carry out the variable water head test of laboratory proportioning cohesive soil, the steps are:
步骤S201，自上而下依次连接试验筒上部31、试验筒下部32和孔网4；Step S201, connecting the upper part 31 of the test cylinder, the lower part 32 of the test cylinder and the mesh 4 sequentially from top to bottom;
步骤S202，计算装入的土体压成所需孔隙比时的体积，并换算成土体在试验筒3中的高度；Step S202, calculating the volume of the loaded soil when it is pressed into the required void ratio, and converting it into the height of the soil in the test cylinder 3;
步骤S203，向试验筒3中装入配好的定量土体，盖上旋拧杆盖9，并将旋拧杆盖9与击实支座10连接；Step S203, loading the prepared quantitative soil body into the test cylinder 3, covering the screw rod cover 9, and connecting the screw rod cover 9 with the compaction support 10;
步骤S204，旋拧旋拧杆直杆921，通过测量位于盖体91外的旋拧杆直杆921长度获得土体高度，挤压土体至计算高度，放置一定时间使高度稳定，测量位于试验筒3外的旋拧杆直杆921长度，记为L2；Step S204, screw the straight rod 921 of the screw rod, obtain the height of the soil body by measuring the length of the straight rod 921 of the screw rod outside the cover body 91, squeeze the soil body to the calculated height, and place it for a certain period of time to stabilize the height. The length of the straight rod 921 of the screw rod outside the cylinder 3 is denoted as L2 ;
步骤S205，从击实支座10上取下试验筒3，并取下旋拧杆盖9，然后将试验筒3放置在调平的试验支架1上，连接好水槽5，然后按照步骤S108-步骤S113进行试验和渗透系数的计算。Step S205, remove the test cylinder 3 from the compaction support 10, and take off the screw rod cover 9, then place the test cylinder 3 on the leveled test support 1, connect the water tank 5, and then follow the steps S108- Step S113 carries out the test and the calculation of the permeability coefficient.
在本文中，所涉及的前、后、上、下等方位词是以附图中零部件位于图中以及零部件相互之间的位置来定义的，只是为了表达技术方案的清楚及方便。应当理解，所述方位词的使用不应限制本申请请求保护的范围。In this article, the orientation words such as front, rear, upper, and lower involved are defined by the parts in the drawings and the positions between the parts in the drawings, just for the clarity and convenience of expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the location words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.
在不冲突的情况下，本文中上述实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。In the case of no conflict, the above-mentioned embodiments and features in the embodiments herein may be combined with each other.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920247101.7UCN209802928U (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A device for measuring soil permeability coefficient with variable water head |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920247101.7UCN209802928U (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A device for measuring soil permeability coefficient with variable water head |
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| CN201920247101.7UWithdrawn - After IssueCN209802928U (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | A device for measuring soil permeability coefficient with variable water head |
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| CN109752304A (en)* | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A device for measuring soil permeability coefficient with variable water head |
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| CN109752304A (en)* | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A device for measuring soil permeability coefficient with variable water head |
| CN109752304B (en)* | 2019-02-27 | 2022-11-04 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Variable water head soil permeability coefficient measuring device |
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