Fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicleTechnical field
The utility model relates to fuel cells to manage field, more particularly, to a kind of fuel cell system and fuel electricityThe pond vehicles.
Background technique
The electric energy that electrochemical reaction generates occurs for fuel cell car to drive automobile, since it has by fuel cellHigh-efficient, zero-emission runs smoothly, a series of excellent performances, referred to as " genuine environmentally friendly vehicle " such as noiseless, is the following vapourThe trend of vehicle industry development.Its core component of fuel cell car is fuel cell pack, fuel cell be it is a kind of efficiently, cleaning,The generating equipment of sustainable work, by taking Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) as an example, fuel gas (hydrogen or reform hydrogen) fromAnode-side enters, and hydrogen atom loses electronics in anode and becomes proton, and proton passes through proton exchange membrane and reaches cathode, and when electron synchrotron passes throughCathode is reached by external circuit, generates water in conjunction with oxygen in cathode proton, electronics.Fuel cell will be changed using electrochemical reactionCan be converted into electric energy, not limited by Carnot cycle, direct generation of electricity efficiency is up to 45%, is widely used in power station, movable typeThe fields such as power supply, electric car, spaceship, military hardware and the product for civilian use.
Under normal conditions, a proton exchange film fuel battery system may include air supply system, hydrogen supply systemSystem and cooling system, in which: air supply system is mainly made of air compressor machine, humidifier and last row device etc.；Hydrogen suppliesIt is mainly made of decompressor, injector and last row device etc. to system.For fuel cell system for vehicles, to meet hydrogenUsing the requirement of safe and relevant laws and regulations, the last row of the last row of hydrogen and air is flowed to together, to dilute hydrogen in last rowConcentration.
In order to improve the efficiency of fuel cell system, fuel cell system for vehicles should reduce the discharge of hydrogen to the greatest extent, usuallyWay the recycling problem of excess hydrogen is realized using hydrogen gas circulating pump or injector, but hydrogen gas circulating pump exists at presentService life it is short, it is expensive, be easy the problems such as oil leak, there is the problems such as control is complicated, and the service life is short, easy to damage in injector.
Utility model content
For the technical problem more than solving, the utility model provides fuel cell system.
The utility model is realized in this way:
A kind of fuel cell system, is passed through hydrogen-containing gas and oxygen-containing gas, fuel cell system include the first battery pile andSecond battery pile, the first battery pile and the second battery pile are provided with anode inlet, anode gas outlet, cathode inlet mouth, yinThe anode gas outlet of pole gas outlet, the first battery pile is connect with the anode inlet of the second battery pile.
Further, the second battery pile includes at least one sub- battery pile.
Further, gas-liquid is provided between the anode gas outlet of the first battery pile and the anode inlet of the second battery pileSeparator, gas-liquid separation device are connected with drainage pipeline.
Further, the second battery pile includes at least the first sub- battery pile and the second sub- battery pile, the first sub- batteryThe anode gas outlet of heap is connect with the anode inlet of the described second sub- battery pile, the anode gas outlet of the first sub- battery pile and theGas-liquid separation device is provided between the anode inlet of two sub- battery piles, the anode gas outlet of the second battery pile selectively connectsIt is connected to oxidator.
Further, the first battery pile and the second battery pile pass through cathode inlet mouth respectively and are connected with oxygen-containing gas source, theOne battery pile and the second battery pile pass through cathode gas outlet respectively and are connected with exhaust pipe.
Further, the cathode inlet mouth of the first battery pile and the second battery pile is separately connected the air inlet pipe of different-diameterRoad.
Further, the anode inlet of the second battery pile is provided with flow sensor and flow control valve, the first batteryHeap and the cathode inlet mouth of the second battery pile are provided with flow control valve, flow sensor and flow control valve respectively with controlDevice connection.
The utility model additionally provides a kind of fuel cell vehicle, including wheel, vehicle body and transmission device, also wrapsInclude above-mentioned fuel cell system.
Above scheme the utility model has the advantages that
The utility model can effectively solve the problems, such as remaining hydrogen recycling by fuel cell system, not need hydrogenGas circulating pump does not need hydrogen injector yet, and surplus hydrogen can be made full use of by having reached, the technical effect not wasted,While equally improving hydrogen utilization ratio, more cost is saved than the prior art, reduces later period replacement and maintenanceExpense.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to use required in embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the utility model embodimentAttached drawing be briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only some embodiments of the utility model, therefore should not be byRegard the restriction to range as, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, may be used alsoTo obtain other relevant attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure embodiment one of the utility model fuel cell system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure embodiment three of the utility model fuel cell system；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment four.
Wherein: 100,100a, fuel cell system；110, the first battery pile；120, the second battery pile；130, hydrogen gas tank；140, oxidator；150, gas-liquid separation device；160, oxygen-containing gas source；170, exhaust pipe；180, drainage pipeline；121, firstSub- battery pile；122, the second sub- battery pile.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the utility model is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that describedEmbodiment is the utility model a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originallyField those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to practicalNovel protected range.
It is in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", " perpendicularDirectly ", the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is onlyFor ease of description the utility model and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have it is specificOrientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.In addition, term " theOne ", " second ", " third " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is pacifiedDress ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrallyConnection；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary,It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned art can be understood with concrete conditionThe concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
Embodiment one
Refering to fig. 1, fuel cell pack includes cathode (Cathode) and anode (Anode), present embodiments provides one kindFuel cell system 100, including the first battery pile 110, and the second battery pile 120 being connect with the first battery pile 110, firstBattery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120 are provided with anode inlet, anode gas outlet, cathode inlet mouth, cathode gas outlet.Wherein, the anode inlet of the first battery pile 110 is connected with fuel tank by pipeline, and in the present embodiment, hydrogen-containing gas is hydrogenGas, fuel tank are hydrogen gas tank 130, and wherein hydrogen gas tank 130 is used to be passed through hydrogen, the sun of the first battery pile 110 to the first battery pilePole gas outlet is connect with the anode inlet of the second battery pile 120 by pipeline, and the unreacted hydrogen of the first battery pile is continuedIt being passed into the second battery pile 120, the second battery pile 120 is provided with anode gas outlet, the hydrogen not reacted completely is discharged, thisIn embodiment, the second battery pile 120 is an individual fuel cell pack, and the amount of this fuel cell pack reactant is less than theOne battery pile 110.
It is also connected with gas-liquid separation device 150 between first battery pile and the second battery pile 120, is set to the first battery pileBetween 110 anode gas outlet and the anode inlet of the second battery pile 120, in the present embodiment, gas-liquid separation device 150 isGas-liquid separator is finally recovered out for the gas for being mixed with steam come out from the first battery pile to be divided into liquids and gasesLiquid enters to drainage pipeline 180 and is discharged, and gas is discharged into the second battery pile by the anode inlet of the second battery pileThe reaction was continued.
One end that second battery pile 120 is not connect with the first battery pile is also connected with gas-liquid separator 150, and gas-liquid pointIt can also be connected with oxidator 140 from device 150, the hydrogen complete to the second battery pile unreacted, which carries out oxidation processes, directly to be led toPiping is discharged in outside air.
In the present embodiment, the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120 are connected with by cathode inlet mouth oxygen-containing respectivelyGas source 160 is supplied with carrier of oxygen to the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120, in the present embodiment, has the carrier of oxygen to beOxygen, oxygen-containing gas source 160 can be air compressor machine or oxygen cylinder or other supply the device of oxygen, and the first batteryThe cathode gas outlet of heap 110 and the second battery pile 120 is also connect by pipeline with exhaust pipe 170 respectively, and oxidator 140It is connect by pipeline with exhaust pipe 170.
Oxygen-containing gas source 160 is used for connecting with the cathode inlet mouth of the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120Admission line diameter it is different, i.e., compared with the first battery pile 110 connects the diameter of the pipeline used with the second battery pile 120Used pipe diameter is thicker, i.e., using different-diameter pipeline realize for enter the first battery pile 110 and enter secondVolume in the air unit time in battery pile 120 is different.
In the present embodiment, it is also set at the pipeline opening of the anode gas outlet of the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120It is equipped with hydrogen gas concentration sensor, is used for monitoring hydrogen concentration.
In the present embodiment, hydrogen gas tank 130 is passed through excessive hydrogen into the first battery pile 110, and hydrogen partial passes through skyUnder the power effect for the air that press 160 provides, reacted in the first battery pile 110；Unreacted remaining hydrogen entersCarried out into the second battery pile 120 second secondary response and until hydrogen fundamental reaction it is complete, trace hydrogen is passed through into oxidator again140, it is discharged by pipeline to external air pipeline by the oxidation processes of oxidator 140, to realize the efficient of hydrogenRate utilizes discharge.
In the present embodiment, it is both provided with output current control device in the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120,Output current control device can control the output electric current in the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120, pass through output electricityThe consumption of the i.e. controllable hydrogen in reaction of the control of stream.
In the present embodiment, the excess in excessive hydrogen refers to big into the hydrogen content in the first battery pile 110In, to the interior hydrogen content reacted, and there is certain proportionate relationship, and the first battery pile in the first battery pile 110110 and second proportionate relationship having the same for hydrogen consumption of battery pile 120, this proportionate relationship be to enter the first battery pile110 and the second hydrogen in battery pile 120 with reacted required for hydrogen ratio, in the present embodiment, this ratio is closedIt ties up between 1.2~2.0.
Embodiment two
In the present embodiment, the second battery pile 120 includes the first sub- battery pile 121 and the second sub- battery pile 122, the first sonThe anode gas outlet of battery pile 121 is connect with the anode inlet of the second sub- battery pile 122, and the first sub- battery pile 121Gas-liquid separation device 150 is provided between anode gas outlet and the anode inlet of the second sub- battery pile 122.
It is the same as example 1 and is, excessive hydrogen is introduced into the first son after being reacted in the first battery pile 110Battery pile 121 is reacted, then the complete hydrogen of unreacted is entered in the second sub- battery pile 122 again reacted toCompletely, then after the progress oxidation processes of the oxidator 140 by being connect with the second sub- battery pile 122 exhaust pipe 170 is entered to.
In the present embodiment, the setting of oxidator 140 be with discharge hydrogen content number determined, when pass through secondSub- battery pile 122 also has a small amount of hydrogen after reacting, then needs to be provided with after oxidator 140 carries out it oxidation processes and arrange againEnter to exhaust pipe 170；When the content of the hydrogen after the second sub- battery pile 122 is reacted is almost nil, then do not need to pass throughThe processing of oxidator 140 is directly discharged into exhaust pipe 170.
In other embodiments, the second battery pile 120 may include the sub- battery pile of third or the 4th sub- battery pile, Huo ZheweiMore sub- battery piles, for the quantity of neutron battery pile according to hydrogen excessively than phase configuration, hydrogen extra proportion relationship is bigger, needsThe sub- battery pile quantity of configuration is more, because hydrogen ratio relationship is the most suitable between 1.2~2.0, therefore the quantity of sub- battery pileAlso there is the upper limit, but herein with no restrictions.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment is unlike embodiment one, two, in the present embodiment, can be in the anode of the second battery pile 120The cathode inlet mouth of air inlet setting flow sensor and flow control valve, the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120 is setIt is equipped with flow control valve, flow sensor and flow control valve are connect with controller respectively, by being passed through the second battery pile120 amounts of hydrogen is monitored, and by real-time data transmission to controller, by controller control cathode inlet mouth and anode intoThe flow control valve of port is precisely controlled the reaction gas realization of the first battery pile 110 and the second battery pile 120.
Example IV
The present embodiment is the method schematic diagram of the fuel cell system 100a raising hydrogen utilization rate in embodiment two.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the method schematic diagram that fuel cell system 100a improves hydrogen utilization ratio in the present embodiment,Excessive hydrogen-containing gas is passed through into the first battery pile 110；The hydrogen-containing gas of reaction will be had neither part nor lot in by the first battery pile 110 againIt is passed through in the second battery pile 120 and is reacted.Second battery pile 120 is carried out anti-by at least one sub- battery pile and hydrogen-containing gasIt answers.In the present embodiment, the second battery pile 120 includes the first sub- battery pile 121 and the second sub- battery pile 122, the first battery pile110 and first are passed through excessive hydrogen in sub- battery pile 121 and the second sub- battery pile 122, described excessive hydrogen in the present embodimentGas is all 1.2 with the ratio between the hydrogen content reacted.
I.e. with the calculating of standard unit's value, hydrogen gas tank 130 is passed through the hydrogen of 1.2 units to the first battery pile 110, then and firstThe hydrogen that battery pile 110 is reacted is the hydrogen of 1 unit, and the hydrogen of remaining 0.2 unit, remaining hydrogen passes throughOxygen-containing gas source 160, can be air compressor machine in the present embodiment, and air is passed through to the first son by the effect of air compressor machine pressureBattery pile 121 is reacted, then the hydrogen reacted with the first sub- battery pile 121 is the hydrogen of 0.2/1.2 unit, is had neither part nor lot inReact the hydrogen that remaining hydrogen is 0.2 × 0.2/1.2 unit, i.e. 0.033 hydrogen；The hydrogen of this part enter back intoSecond sub- battery pile 122 is reacted, then the hydrogen for participating in reaction is 0.033/1.2 unit, and the hydrogen for having neither part nor lot in reaction isThe content of 0.033 × 0.2/1.2 unit, i.e., the hydrogen of 0.0055 unit, this hydrogen partial is lower, then can pass through pipelineIt is directly discharged into exhaust pipe 170.
Proportionate relationship in the present embodiment is 1.2, then proportionate relationship can also be set as to 1.3,1.4,1.5 and 2.0Deng.By the bigger of proportionate relationship setting, then remaining hydrogen content is more after eventually passing through reaction, the sub- battery for needing to be arrangedHeap is more, thus the quantity of sub- battery pile need it is excessive than phase configuration with hydrogen, to guarantee the reasonable utilization rate of hydrogen by ratioIt is the most suitable that relationship is arranged between 1.2~2.0, then can be with when ratio is smaller, and remaining hydrogen content is almost nil after reactionIt is not directly discharged by any oxidation processes into outside air, works as large percentage, remaining a small amount of hydrogen after reaction then can be withIn the anode gas outlet of sub- battery pile, connection oxidator 140 is discharged into air oxidation of hydrogen processing again, utilizes the above methodThe effect that hydrogen recycling can be realized, without using hydrogen gas circulating pump or hydrogen injector to recycle hydrogenIt utilizes.
Fuel cell system 100a provided in this embodiment, by the processing of the multistage sub- battery pile of setting, realize forSurplus hydrogen using and handling, and compared with the effect that the prior art is handled using circulating pump, has and saves cost, reducesThe benefit of loss and equipment damage, and the technological merit for also having high treating effect, treatment effect high.
The method can equally be used in the multistage cell stack system with the sub- battery pile of third, the 4th sub- battery pile connectionIn, then in the sub- battery pile of third or the second battery pile 120 of the 4th sub- battery pile composition, the consumption of hydrogen intake and hydrogenProportionate relationship between amount is adjustable to 1.4 or 1.5.
Embodiment five
A kind of fuel cell transit equipment, including wheel, car body and transmission device are present embodiments provided, further includes implementingThe fuel to the method is used in fuel cell system 100 or example IV in example one, embodiment two and embodiment threeBattery system 100a, fuel cell system are connect with transmission device, are supplied electric energy to transmission device, are supplied to fuel cell trafficEquipment dynamic.
The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the utility model, for thisFor the technical staff in field, various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention.It is all in the spirit and principles of the utility modelWithin, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.