Association circulating power generation system based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbineTechnical field
The utility model relates to field of fuel cell technology more particularly to a kind of based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbineAssociation circulating power generation system.
Background technique
Greenhouse gases are the main reasons for leading to global warming, are led in the climate change conference of Paris on December 12nd, 2015The main target of " Paris agreement " crossed be by the control of this century global average temperature ascensional range within 2 DEG C, and will be globalControl that the temperature rises is on preceding industrialization period is horizontal within 1.5 DEG C.Make a general survey of natural gas hair efficiently and more clean at presentPower technology, the i.e. distributing-supplying-energy system of category fuel cell combined heat and power circulation, with traditional Thermal generation unit and fuel cellThe energy loss of CHP system compares, if two kinds of generation technology input energy sources are all fixed as 100%, using traditional coal-firedGeneration technology, only 40% energy switch to electric power output, remaining 60% energy is emitted into atmospheric environment in the form of waste heat；InsteadIt has 50% directly to export with form of power using fuel cell cogeneration of heat and power generation technology, separately has 40% energy with recyclingUsing approach, drive other energy devices again in a manner of heat source or cold source, finally only 20% energy is in the form of waste heatIt is emitted into atmospheric environment.Since the power generation process of fuel cell co-generation unit only generates water and waste heat, CO, NOxEqual dirtsThe discharge amount for contaminating gas is few, therefore for domain type distributed power generation and the generation for blocking greenhouse gases, which has moreClean, more energy efficient advantage.
Solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, abbreviation SOFC) is that a kind of Novel clean is efficientGenerating equipment, have many advantages, such as that fuel tolerance is wide, the efficient hair of the fuel such as natural gas, coal gas can be widely used inElectricity can by the fuel exhaust gas not reacted completely that anode reaction gives off due to its (800-1000 DEG C) operation at high temperatureTo combine gas turbine and steam turbine cogeneration, and the joint that heat may be implemented utilizes.It is most widely used at presentFor gaseous fuel methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2), for H2Need complicated preparation process, and CH4Rich reserves can be used forThe fuel of SOFC realizes clean and effective power generation.
Solid-oxide fuel cell has following technical advantage:
(a) fuel range of choice is wide, such as natural gas, coal gas, raw matter alcohol, diesel oil, gasoline hydrocarbon is canFor selecting fuel source.
(b) cell operating temperature is high (800-1000 DEG C), the reaction speed of electrode catalyst can be improved, so that pile itself hasThere is internal fuel reformation function, it is higher for impurity (CO or S content etc.) permission.
(c) electrode catalyst is without the use of noble metal, and cost of manufacture is greatly reduced.
(d) climate state limit, system can not uninterruptedly be continuously run for 24 hours, and actual power hourage is high.
(e) SOFC is compared to other type renewable sources of energy, such as: solar energy or wind-power electricity generation, be not required to by weather environment becauseElement and influence efficiency, also without the carbon emission air pollution problems inherent of conventional diesel generator
(f) high-temperature tail gas can burn again and arrange in pairs or groups to form combined cycle system with combustion gas turbine, and generating efficiency is up to 70~80%.
(g) wide using size range, SOFC system can flexibly be used in building, hospital, industrial park of residential quarter etc.,The electric power and hot water of quiet operation environment are provided.When in 1-100kW scale, the small distributed that can be used as independent work produces electricity systemSystem；Also it can make MW grades or more of large size fixation type power plant electricity production system.
It is discussed with electricity in fuel cell operation with the yield ratio of heat, the system survey of foundation sunfire company, GermanyTest result discovery, SOFC generated energy about 1.3kW, while the heat that also can produce 2.75kW is used for recycling, the electric heating output ratioAbout 1:1.83；And electric heating output ratio only about 1:1 in PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) power generation process；Compared to PEMFC,Hotspot stress more preferably be can get using SOFC as power generation core for compound power-generating application.
However, existing fuel cell tail gas temperature is higher, and the fuel (CH not reacted completely containing part wherein4) andFuel byproduct (CO and H2) etc., which originally can burn away and generate heat, but is often taken as exhaust gas and is arrangedEmpty or burning processing, so as to cause the waste of the energy, is also unfavorable for environmental protection.
Utility model content
One purpose of the utility model is, provides a kind of combined cycle hair based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbineElectric system can effectively improve the service efficiency of the energy, achieve the effect that environmental protection and energy saving.
To achieve these objectives, the utility model provides a kind of combined cycle generation based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbineSystem, including fuel gas supply protect system, air supply system and produce electricity system, and the electricity production system includes:
Evaporator is premixed, the fuel gas supply protection system is used to provide methane, hydrogen, protection for the premix evaporatorGas and deionized water；
Exhaust combustion heater, the exhaust combustion heater include reforming heat exchange unit, exhaust combustion unit and airPreheating unit, the exhaust combustion unit are used to provide heat for the reformation heat exchange unit and air preheat unit；It is described heavyThe import of whole heat exchange unit is connected to the gas outlet of the premix evaporator；
Pile main body, the pile main body include anode portion and negative pole part, and the import of the anode portion is changed with the reformationThe outlet of hot cell, the import of the exhaust combustion unit and the outlet of the anode portion；
Turbo charging installation, the turbo charging installation include air compressor machine and the first whirlpool for driving the air compressor machineWheel；The import of the air compressor machine is connected to the air supply system, and it is pre- that the outlet of the air compressor machine passes sequentially through the airThe inlet communication of hot cell and the negative pole part and the exhaust combustion unit；The import of first turbine and the tail gas fireBurn the outlet of unit；
Turbine generator, the turbine generator is including the second turbine and by the described second turbo-driven power generationMachine, the outlet of the import of second turbine and first turbine.
Preferably, the electricity production system further include:
The import of reformer, the anode portion is connected by the reformer and the outlet for reforming heat exchange unitIt is logical.
Preferably, the electricity production system further include:
The import of external cooling unit, the air compressor machine passes through the external cooling unit and the air preheat unitInlet communication.
Preferably, the negative pole part, anode portion, reformer and external cooling unit are from top to bottom arranged to form entiretyFormula structure.
Preferably, the electricity production system further include:
First inverter, first inverter are connect with the pile main body, the direct current for generating pile main bodyElectricity is changed into alternating current.
Preferably, the electricity production system further include:
Second inverter, second inverter are connect with the generator, the exchange for generating the generatorElectric frequency reducing output.
Preferably, the outlet of second turbine is connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the premix evaporator.
Preferably, further includes:
Pipeline is emptied, the emptying pipeline is connected to the waste gas outlet of the premix evaporator, the exhaust gas inlet and instituteState waste gas outlet connection.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: providing a kind of combined cycle hair based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbineElectric system, have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1. the fuel availability of the thermal efficiency of system, the conversion ratio of fuel and pile can be improved, and stable operation is kept,The average utilization of CH4 reaches 70% or more, and when fuel availability is 72%, the DIE Temperature of pile main body maintains 850~860 DEG C of stable electric generations；When gas turbine engine systems work together, the net generating efficiency of whole system is more than 80%；
2. after fuel cell system and gas turbine engine systems circulation are combined, due to the raising of system integration degree,The space for reducing air compressor machine, reformer, exhaust combustion unit, air preheat unit, saves equipment pipe and heat preservation is emptyBetween, the relatively individual pile electricity production system of overall space reduces 30% or more.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the embodiment of the utility model or the technical proposal in the existing technology more clearly, below will be to embodimentOr attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is onlyIt is some embodiments of the utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor propertyIt puts, can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural frames for the association circulating power generation system based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbine that embodiment providesFigure.
In figure:
1, fuel gas supply protects system；
2, air supply system；
3, system is produced electricity；
301, evaporator is premixed；302, exhaust combustion heater；303, anode portion；304, negative pole part；305, air compressor machine；306, the first turbine；307, the second turbine；308, generator；309, reformer；310, external cooling unit；311, first is inverseBecome device；312, the second inverter；313, pipeline is emptied.
Specific embodiment
It is practical below in conjunction with this to enable the purpose of this utility model, feature, advantage more obvious and understandableAttached drawing in new embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, it is clear that underThe described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model in face, and not all embodiment.Based on the utility modelIn embodiment, all other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative effortsExample, fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when a component is considered as " connection " another component,It can be directly to another component or may be simultaneously present the component being centrally located.When a component is considered as" setting exists " another component, it, which can be, is set up directly on another component or may be simultaneously present the group being centrally locatedPart.
In addition, the indicating positions such as term " length " " short " "inner" "outside" or positional relationship for the orientation that is shown based on attached drawing orPerson's positional relationship is merely for convenience of description the utility model, rather than the device or original part of indication or suggestion meaning must haveThere is this specific orientation, operated with specific orientation construction, should not be understood as the limitation of the utility model with this.
Further illustrate the technical solution of the utility model below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of association circulating power generation system based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbine, packetsInclude fuel gas supply protection system 1, air supply system 2 and electricity production system 3.
The electricity production system 3 includes premix evaporator 301, exhaust combustion heater 302, pile main body, turbocharging dressSet, turbine generator, the first inverter 311, the second inverter 312 and emptying pipeline 313.The supply protection system is used forMethane, hydrogen, protection gas and deionized water are provided for the premix evaporator 301, generally, protective gas includes 95% N2With 5% H2.The exhaust combustion heater 302 successively includes reforming heat exchange unit, exhaust combustion unit and sky from bottom to upGas preheating unit, the exhaust combustion unit are used to provide heat for the reformation heat exchange unit and air preheat unit；It is describedThe import for reforming heat exchange unit is connected to the gas outlet of the premix evaporator 301.The pile main body includes anode portion 303With negative pole part 304, the import of the anode portion 303 and the outlet for reforming heat exchange unit, the exhaust combustion unitImport and the anode portion 303 outlet.The turbo charging installation includes air compressor machine 305 and for driving the skyFirst turbine 306 of press 305；The import of the air compressor machine 305 is connected to the air supply system 2, the air compressor machine 305Outlet pass sequentially through the inlet communication of the air preheat unit and the negative pole part 304 and the exhaust combustion unit；InstituteState the import of the first turbine 306 and the outlet of the exhaust combustion unit.The turbine generator includes the second turbine307 and the generator 308 that is driven by second turbine 307, the import of second turbine 307 and first turbine 306Outlet, second turbine 307 outlet with it is described premix evaporator 301 exhaust gas inlet be connected to.Described first is inverseBecome device 311 to connect with the pile main body, the direct current for generating pile main body is changed into alternating current.Second inversionDevice 312 is connect with the generator 308, the alternating current frequency reducing output for generating the generator 308.The emptying pipeline313 are connected to the waste gas outlet of the premix evaporator 301, and the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the waste gas outlet；Preferably, in advanceMixed evaporator 301 is shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the fuel gas inlet and gas outlet for premixing evaporator 301 belong to tube side channel, is premixedThe exhaust gas inlet and waste gas outlet of evaporator 301 belong to shell side channel.
Specifically, the exhaust temperature for leaving pile main body is higher, and wherein containing the fuel and combustion not reacted completely partiallyExpect byproduct etc., which can burn away and generate heat, so the present embodiment is by anode portion 303 and negative pole part 304 2Inlet communication of the outlet of person with exhaust combustion unit generates high-temperature flue gas and enters turbo charging installation acting, air compressor machine 305External cooling source of the compressed air of generation as pile main body, the compressed gas that turbo charging installation provides pass through multistage operatingEnter turbine generator afterwards to do work again, turbine generator backheat premixes methane, hydrogen, protection gas in evaporator 301And deionized water, so that the thermal efficiency of whole system reaches 80% or more.Preferably, the import of exhaust combustion unit can be withThere are two, one with the outlet of anode portion 303, be mainly passed through flammable tail gas；The outlet of another and negative pole part 304 connectsIt is logical, mainly it is passed through high temperature oxygen denuded air.
Preferably, the electricity production system 3 further includes reformer 309 and external cooling unit 310.The anode portion 303Import pass through the reformer 309 and the outlet for reforming heat exchange unit.The import of the air compressor machine 305 passes throughThe inlet communication of the external cooling unit 310 and the air preheat unit.Further, the negative pole part 304, anode portion303, reformer 309 and external cooling unit 310 are from top to bottom arranged to form monolithic construction.
Specifically, it is the integrated level for improving system, reduces the device space, the present embodiment is closed using a series of structureAt, such as: it is 1. that external cooling unit 310, reformer 309, negative pole part 304 and anode portion 303 is integrated；2. by emptyGas preheating unit, exhaust combustion unit and reformation heat exchange unit are integrated；3. the first turbine 306 and air compressor machine 305 is sameAxis is integrated；4. the second turbine 307 is coaxially integrated with generator 308.In addition, association circulating power generation system provided in this embodimentThe air compression system and vacuum tank for also eliminating the intermittent gas supply of traditional common are that pile main body is held by the first turbine 306Continuous air supply system, is supplied according to the air demand of pile main body, can effectively avoid the problem that air excess；Furthermore pass through byBy air preheat unit, exhaust combustion unit and reform heat exchange unit integrated, fuel and preheating of air space and combustionBurning room is public, had both reduced complicated system pipeline design, and had decreased the loss of many external coolings.
Further, by CH4The fuel for being directly used as SOFC generate electricity caused by bringing because of methane cracking carbon distributionSOFC performance degradation problem, therefore, CH4The fuel of SOFC is re-used as after being reformed.Reformation needs deionized water and dayRight gas reacts at high temperature, and the flue gas backheat deionized water and natural gas that the present embodiment makes full use of the second turbine 307 to be discharged makeReach best reforming temperature, and synthesis gas CO and H are reformatted into reformer 3092。
Preferably, exhaust combustion heater 302, anode portion 303, negative pole part 304, air compressor machine 305, the first turbine 306, againEngagement positions 309 and external cooling unit 310 can be used as a heat integration system module, combined cycle hair provided in this embodimentElectric system may include one, two, three even more heat integration system modules being arranged in parallel.Specifically, heat connectionThe quantity for closing system module is decided by the electricity production of single heat integration system module and the total capacity of association circulating power generation system, oftenThe power of a heat integration system module depends on maintaining the fuel quantity of its efficiency power generation and maintains to stablize the fuel quantity of circulation；It is in parallelTail gas after the heat integration system module turbocharging of setting is passed through same second turbine 307.
Association circulating power generation system provided in this embodiment based on the cooling fuel cell of gas turbine, has following beneficialEffect:
1. the fuel availability of the thermal efficiency of system, the conversion ratio of fuel and pile can be improved, and stable operation is kept,CH4Average utilization reach 70% or more, when fuel availability is 72%, the DIE Temperature of pile main body maintains 850~860 DEG C of stable electric generations；When gas turbine engine systems work together, the net generating efficiency of whole system is more than 80%；
2. after fuel cell system and gas turbine engine systems circulation are combined, due to the raising of system integration degree,The space for reducing air compressor machine 305, reformer 309, exhaust combustion unit, air preheat unit, save equipment pipe andKeeping warmth space, the relatively traditional individual pile electricity generation system of overall space reduce 30% or more.
Above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than its limitations；Although referring to aforementioned realityExample is applied the utility model is described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to precedingTechnical solution documented by each embodiment is stated to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And theseIt modifies or replaces, the spirit and model of various embodiments of the utility model technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solutionIt encloses.