技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于内燃机技术领域，涉及一种内燃机进排气系统。The utility model belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and relates to an intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
背景技术Background technique
内燃机，如常规汽车使用的汽油发动机，其进排气系统的设置极其关键，直接影响到汽车的燃烧效率、节油性能、排气指标等内燃机的核心参数。For internal combustion engines, such as gasoline engines used in conventional vehicles, the setting of the intake and exhaust systems is extremely critical, which directly affects the core parameters of the internal combustion engine such as the combustion efficiency, fuel-saving performance, and exhaust indicators of the vehicle.
现有的汽车发动机，通过可变进气歧管实现低速和高速状态下，进气路径和进气量的调节；通过检测尾气、车速等参数，将部分废气再回收，再次进入燃烧室内进行燃烧；虽然上述的对进排气进行调整的功能，能够大大的提高发动机的性能，但是，其检测、判定的依据都是各种行车数据，也特别依赖感应元件和电子程序。由于电子元件的不稳定性，再加上用于进排气的各电子元件所处的环境极为恶劣，是汽车故障率较高、稳定性较差、维护周期短的重要原因之一，介于此，本实用新型旨在提供结构简单、几乎由机械结构就可以实现的进排气系统，其同样具有废气再利用、废气预热、进气路径调整等功能。In the existing automobile engine, the variable intake manifold is used to realize the adjustment of the intake path and intake volume at low speed and high speed; by detecting parameters such as exhaust gas and vehicle speed, part of the exhaust gas is recycled and enters the combustion chamber again for combustion ; Although the above-mentioned function of adjusting the intake and exhaust can greatly improve the performance of the engine, its detection and determination are based on various driving data, and it also particularly relies on sensing elements and electronic programs. Due to the instability of electronic components, coupled with the extremely harsh environment of the electronic components used for intake and exhaust, it is one of the important reasons for the high failure rate, poor stability and short maintenance cycle of automobiles. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an intake and exhaust system with a simple structure that can be realized almost by a mechanical structure, which also has functions such as exhaust gas reuse, exhaust gas preheating, and intake path adjustment.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是针对现有的技术存在的上述问题，提供一种内燃机进排气系统，本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是如何通过对进气路径的长短和进气流通面积的大小精准控制，以配合进气节奏的需求。The purpose of this utility model is to provide an intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. Control to match the needs of the intake rhythm.
本实用新型的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种内燃机进排气系统，本内燃机进排气系统包括进气总管、排气总管、排气支管、进气混流腔和进气支管，所述进气总管的管壁与进气混流腔之间连接有一根低速进气歧管、两根中速进气歧管和四根高速进气歧管，所述低速进气歧管靠近进气总管的入口端，所述高速进气歧管靠近进气混流腔，所述进气总管内滑动连接有一气动活塞，所述气动活塞连接一中空的废气中间管，所述废气中间管的管壁上设置有封锁环一和位于封锁环一与气动活塞之间的封锁环二；所述低速进气歧管与中速进气歧管之间的轴向间距和中速进气歧管与高速进气歧管的轴向间距相等，所述低速进气歧管与中速进气歧管之间的轴向间距和封锁环一与封锁环二之间的间距相等；所述进气总管的管壁与气动活塞之间连接有能够驱使气动活塞向低速进气歧管的方向移动的复位弹簧一；所述排气支管通过废气中间管与排气总管相连通。The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions: an internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system, the internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system includes an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, an exhaust branch pipe, an intake mixed flow cavity and an intake branch pipe, so A low-speed intake manifold, two medium-speed intake manifolds and four high-speed intake manifolds are connected between the wall of the intake manifold and the intake mixed flow chamber, and the low-speed intake manifold is close to the intake air. At the inlet end of the manifold, the high-speed intake manifold is close to the intake mixed-flow chamber, a pneumatic piston is slidably connected to the intake manifold, and the pneumatic piston is connected to a hollow exhaust gas intermediate pipe, and the pipe wall of the exhaust intermediate pipe A blocking ring 1 and a blocking ring 2 located between the blocking ring 1 and the pneumatic piston are arranged on it; the axial distance between the low-speed intake manifold and the medium-speed intake manifold is the same as that between the medium-speed intake manifold and the high-speed The axial spacing of the intake manifold is equal, and the axial spacing between the low-speed intake manifold and the medium-speed intake manifold is equal to the spacing between the blocking ring 1 and the blocking ring 2; A return spring 1 that can drive the pneumatic piston to move in the direction of the low-speed intake manifold is connected between the pipe wall and the pneumatic piston; the exhaust branch pipe is communicated with the exhaust main pipe through the exhaust gas intermediate pipe.
内燃机低负荷运行，进气总管的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管的气流压力较小，气动活塞下移至低速进气歧管的下方，并位于低速进气歧管和中速进气歧管之间，新鲜空气由进气总管、低速进气歧管、进气混流腔和进气支管进入燃烧室；由于低速进气歧管只有一根，且其与进气混流腔之间的细长管道路径较长，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。When the internal combustion engine runs at low load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control devices. The airflow pressure of the intake manifold is relatively small, and the pneumatic piston moves down to the lower part of the low-speed intake manifold and is located at the bottom of the low-speed intake manifold. Between the low-speed intake manifold and the medium-speed intake manifold, fresh air enters the combustion chamber from the intake manifold, low-speed intake manifold, intake mixing chamber and intake manifold; since there is only one low-speed intake manifold, And the slender pipeline path between it and the intake mixed flow chamber is long, which matches the intake air volume and the ignition frequency of the engine, so as to achieve a better intake rhythm and intake effect.
内燃机中等负荷运行，进气总管的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管的气流压力有所提高，气动活塞下移至中速进气歧管的下方，并位于中速进气歧管和高速进气歧管之间，封锁环二关闭低速进气歧管，新鲜空气由进气总管、中速进气歧管、进气混流腔和进气支管进入燃烧室；由于中速进气歧管有两根，且其与进气混流腔之间的细长管道路径较短，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。When the internal combustion engine is running at medium load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control equipment, the airflow pressure of the intake manifold is increased, and the pneumatic piston moves down to the lower part of the medium-speed intake manifold. It is located between the medium-speed intake manifold and the high-speed intake manifold. The second blockade ring closes the low-speed intake manifold, and fresh air enters from the intake manifold, the medium-speed intake manifold, the intake mixed flow chamber and the intake branch pipe. Combustion chamber; because there are two medium-speed intake manifolds, and the slender pipeline path between them and the intake air mixing chamber is short, it matches the intake air volume and the ignition frequency of the engine to achieve a better intake rhythm and Intake effect.
内燃机高负荷运行，进气总管的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管的气流压力较大，气动活塞下移至高速进气歧管的下方，封锁环一关闭低速进气歧管，封锁环二关闭中速进气歧管，新鲜空气由进气总管、高速进气歧管、进气混流腔和进气支管进入燃烧室；由于高速进气歧管有四根，且其与进气混流腔之间的细长管道路径很短，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。When the internal combustion engine is running at high load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control devices. The airflow pressure of the intake manifold is relatively large, and the pneumatic piston moves down to the bottom of the high-speed intake manifold, blocking the ring. One closes the low-speed intake manifold, and the second closes the medium-speed intake manifold, fresh air enters the combustion chamber from the intake manifold, high-speed intake manifold, intake mixing chamber and intake branch pipe; due to the high-speed intake manifold There are four, and the slender pipeline path between them and the intake mixing chamber is very short, which matches the intake air volume and the ignition frequency of the engine, and achieves better intake rhythm and intake effect.
复位弹簧一用于与进气压力抵抗，用于调节气动活塞在进气总管内的位置。The return spring is used to resist the intake pressure and is used to adjust the position of the pneumatic piston in the intake manifold.
通过上述结构，不仅可以实现进气路径、进气量、进气频率、进气压力等因素与内燃机的实际情况精准匹配，而且其并不依赖电子感应设备的检测和程序的判断，几乎由机械结构实现，不仅简化了结构，而且，其稳定性、可靠性、维护周期等均得到了优化。Through the above structure, not only can the intake path, intake volume, intake frequency, intake pressure and other factors be accurately matched with the actual situation of the internal combustion engine, but also it does not rely on the detection of electronic induction equipment and the judgment of the program, almost by the mechanical The realization of the structure not only simplifies the structure, but also optimizes its stability, reliability and maintenance cycle.
当进气量增大时气动活塞下移，当进气量减小时，气动活塞上移，进气量由小增大时，正好需要进气压力增大，气动活塞下移实现了气压增大的需求，进气量由大减小时，正好需要进气压力稍减，气动活塞的上移实现了气压削弱的需求；综上所述，气动活塞的移动，能够消除进气量变化过程中，特别是在短时间内进气量变化较大的过程中，进气管道内气流惯性造成的反应延迟，使进气量的控制更加精准。When the intake air volume increases, the pneumatic piston moves down. When the intake air volume decreases, the pneumatic piston moves up. When the intake air volume increases from small, the intake pressure needs to be increased. The pneumatic piston moves down to realize the increase in air pressure. When the intake air volume decreases from a large amount, the intake air pressure needs to be slightly reduced, and the upward movement of the pneumatic piston realizes the requirement of air pressure weakening; Especially in the process of large changes in the intake air volume in a short period of time, the reaction delay caused by the inertia of the airflow in the intake pipe makes the control of the intake air volume more accurate.
本方案中，低速进气歧管、中速进气歧管和高速进气歧管的数量分别限定为一根、两根和四根，是在各进气歧管的管径相等，且其弯曲程度相似的前提下，主要是为了更好的解度其作用和原理，通过对歧管数量、歧管形状、歧管管径进行适应性调整，以求达到上述目的和结果，均属于常规设置。In this solution, the number of low-speed intake manifolds, medium-speed intake manifolds and high-speed intake manifolds is limited to one, two, and four respectively. Under the premise that the degree of bending is similar, the main purpose is to better understand its function and principle, and through adaptive adjustment of the number of manifolds, the shape of the manifold, and the diameter of the manifold, in order to achieve the above purposes and results, all are conventional. set up.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述排气支管连接一功能管，所述功能管插设在废气中间管内，所述废气中间管的底部侧壁上开设有一废气出口一；所述气动活塞位于低速进气歧管与中速进气歧管之间时，所述功能管的上端的管壁位于废气出口一的下方，且能够使废气中间管与进气总管相连通。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust branch pipe is connected to a functional pipe, the functional pipe is inserted in the exhaust gas intermediate pipe, and an exhaust gas outlet is provided on the bottom side wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe; When the pneumatic piston is located between the low-speed intake manifold and the medium-speed intake manifold, the pipe wall of the upper end of the functional pipe is located below the exhaust gas outlet 1, and can communicate the exhaust gas intermediate pipe with the intake manifold.
废气的排出路径，处于进气总管和进气混流腔内，能够使废气的余热对进气的空气进行预热，达到热利用率更高的目的。The discharge path of the exhaust gas is located in the intake manifold and the intake mixed flow chamber, which can make the waste heat of the exhaust gas preheat the intake air, so as to achieve the purpose of higher heat utilization rate.
当内燃机处于低速运行时，其燃烧效率较低，废气中存在较多的可燃烧成分，此时，气动活塞位于低速进气歧管与中速进气歧管之间，功能管的上端的管壁位于废气出口一的下方，且能够使废气中间管与进气总管相连通，使部分废气受到进气负压的作用和废气排出压力的作用进入进气总管，从低速进气歧管进入进气混流腔内，从而再次进入燃烧室，使该状态下废气再利用，对应汽车的行车状态为：怠速、低速和启动状态。When the internal combustion engine is running at low speed, its combustion efficiency is low, and there are more combustible components in the exhaust gas. At this time, the pneumatic piston is located between the low-speed intake manifold and the medium-speed intake manifold. The wall is located below the exhaust gas outlet 1, and can connect the exhaust gas intermediate pipe with the intake manifold, so that part of the exhaust gas enters the intake manifold under the action of intake negative pressure and exhaust gas discharge pressure, and enters the intake manifold from the low-speed intake manifold. The gas mixture enters the combustion chamber again, so that the exhaust gas can be reused in this state, and the corresponding driving states of the car are: idle speed, low speed and start state.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述功能管的底部的管壁上固定设置有一支撑圈，所述功能管上套设并滑动连接有一支撑座，所述支撑圈与支撑座之间连接有复位弹簧二，所述复位弹簧一的一端与支撑座相连，所述复位弹簧一的另一端与气动活塞相连。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, a support ring is fixed on the pipe wall at the bottom of the functional pipe, a support seat is sleeved and slidably connected to the functional pipe, and the support ring and the support seat are connected to each other. A second return spring is connected between the two, one end of the first return spring is connected with the support seat, and the other end of the first return spring is connected with the pneumatic piston.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述支撑座上固定设置有封锁环三，所述功能管的底部的侧壁上开设有废气出口二；所述支撑圈靠近支撑座时，所述封锁环三能够打开废气出口二，并使功能管与进气混流腔相连通。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the third block ring is fixed on the support seat, and the second exhaust gas outlet is opened on the side wall of the bottom of the functional pipe; when the support ring is close to the support seat, the The blocking ring 3 can open the exhaust gas outlet 2 and make the functional pipe communicate with the intake mixed flow chamber.
急加速状态下，废气中残留的可燃烧成分也较多，为了在该行车状态下，对废气进行再利用，设置封锁环三，急加速时，进气量骤然增大，气压随之增大，作用在气动活塞上，气动活塞冲击力使复位弹簧一和复位弹簧二均压缩，且由于封锁环一和封锁环二在气动活塞突然移动的过程中，存在低速进气歧管、中速进气歧管和高速进气歧管均堵塞的短暂瞬间，该瞬间，也增大了气动活塞的冲击力，封锁环三因为复位弹簧二的压缩二移动，打开废气出口二，使废气能够由废气出口二直接进入进气混流腔，从而使燃烧不充分的气体快速进入燃烧室进行再次燃烧。In the state of rapid acceleration, there are more combustible components remaining in the exhaust gas. In order to reuse the exhaust gas in this driving state, a blocking ring 3 is set. During rapid acceleration, the intake air volume increases suddenly, and the air pressure increases accordingly. , acting on the pneumatic piston, the impact force of the pneumatic piston compresses the return spring 1 and the return spring 2, and because the blocking ring 1 and the blocking ring 2 are in the process of sudden movement of the pneumatic piston, there are low-speed intake manifold, medium-speed intake manifold The brief moment when both the air manifold and the high-speed intake manifold are blocked, this moment also increases the impact force of the pneumatic piston, the blocking ring 3 moves due to the compression of the return spring 2, and opens the exhaust gas outlet 2, so that the exhaust gas can be transported by the exhaust gas. The second outlet directly enters the intake mixing chamber, so that the insufficiently combusted gas quickly enters the combustion chamber for re-combustion.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述封锁环一与废气中间管的管壁之间、封锁环二与废气中间管的管壁之间均通过若干辐板相连，所述辐板的内端连接有轴套，所述轴套与废气中间管的外壁之间通过轴承相连。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the first blockage ring and the pipe wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe and between the blockade ring two and the pipe wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe are connected by a plurality of webs, and the webs are connected by a plurality of webs. A shaft sleeve is connected to the inner end of the shaft sleeve, and the shaft sleeve is connected with the outer wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe through a bearing.
急加速状态下，由于气动活塞急速向进气混流腔方向移动，能够增大进气压力，使部分废气和新鲜空气能够快速进入燃烧室内，以配合该状态下的进气需求。In the rapid acceleration state, due to the rapid movement of the pneumatic piston to the direction of the intake mixing chamber, the intake pressure can be increased, so that part of the exhaust gas and fresh air can quickly enter the combustion chamber to meet the intake demand in this state.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述辐板所在平面与废气中间管的轴线之间具有倾角，使进气气流能够驱使封锁环一和封锁环二在进气总管的管壁上旋转。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, there is an inclination angle between the plane where the spokes are located and the axis of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe, so that the intake air flow can drive the first block ring and the second block ring on the pipe wall of the intake manifold rotate.
进气总管内的气流会驱使封锁环一和封锁环二在进气总管的管壁上滑动，再加上封锁环一和封锁环二存在轴向移动，使进气总管能够被自动除垢，也确保了封锁环一和封锁环二的磨损均匀。The airflow in the intake manifold will drive the blocking ring 1 and the blocking ring 2 to slide on the pipe wall of the intake manifold, and the axial movement of the blocking ring 1 and the blocking ring 2 enables the intake manifold to be automatically descaled. It also ensures that the wear of the blocking ring one and the blocking ring two is even.
在上述的一种内燃机进排气系统中，所述封锁环三与支撑座之间均通过若干支撑杆相连。In the above-mentioned intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the blocking ring 3 and the support seat are connected by a plurality of support rods.
本申请中，只是描述了一种内燃机可以实现废气再利用、进气量控制、进气压力控制等目的的原理，本领域技术人员可以轻而易举的得知：通过设置更多的进气歧管，使进气量的档位增多，以提高控制精准度，即该种方式也是本申请的保护范围。In this application, only the principle that an internal combustion engine can realize the purpose of exhaust gas reuse, intake air volume control, intake pressure control, etc. is described. Those skilled in the art can easily know that: by setting more intake manifolds, The gears of the intake air volume are increased to improve the control accuracy, that is, this method is also the protection scope of the present application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本进排气系统在低速进气状态下的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the intake and exhaust system in a low-speed intake state.
图2是本进排气系统在高速进气状态下的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the intake and exhaust system in a high-speed intake state.
图3是本进排气系统在进气量骤然增大状态下的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the intake and exhaust system in the state where the intake air volume suddenly increases.
图4是图1中局部A的放大图。FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 1 .
图5是图1中局部B的放大图。FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 1 .
图6是图1中局部C的放大图。FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of part C in FIG. 1 .
图中，11、进气总管；12、进气混流腔；13、进气支管；21、排气总管；22、排气支管；23、废气中间管；24、功能管；25、废气出口一；26、废气出口二；27、支撑杆；31、低速进气歧管； 32、中速进气歧管；33、高速进气歧管；34、气动活塞；35、封锁环一；36、封锁环二；37、复位弹簧一；38、辐板；39、轴套； 41、支撑圈；42、支撑座；43、复位弹簧二；44、封锁环三。In the figure, 11, intake manifold; 12, intake mixed flow chamber; 13, intake branch pipe; 21, exhaust manifold; 22, exhaust branch pipe; 23, exhaust gas intermediate pipe; 24, functional pipe; 25, exhaust gas outlet one ;26. Exhaust gas outlet 2; 27. Support rod; 31. Low-speed intake manifold; 32. Medium-speed intake manifold; 33. High-speed intake manifold; 34. Pneumatic piston; 35. Blocking ring 1; 36. Blocking ring two; 37, return spring one; 38, spoke plate; 39, bushing; 41, support ring; 42, support seat; 43, return spring two; 44, block ring three.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下是本实用新型的具体实施例并结合附图，对本实用新型的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本实用新型并不限于这些实施例。The following are specific embodiments of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present utility model, but the present utility model is not limited to these embodiments.
如图1和图4所示，内燃机进排气系统包括进气总管11、排气总管21、排气支管22、进气混流腔12和进气支管13，进气总管11的管壁与进气混流腔12之间连接有一根低速进气歧管31、两根中速进气歧管32和四根高速进气歧管33，低速进气歧管31 靠近进气总管11的入口端，高速进气歧管33靠近进气混流腔12，进气总管11内滑动连接有一气动活塞34，气动活塞34连接一中空的废气中间管23，废气中间管23的管壁上设置有封锁环一35 和位于封锁环一35与气动活塞34之间的封锁环二36；低速进气歧管31与中速进气歧管32之间的轴向间距和中速进气歧管32 与高速进气歧管33的轴向间距相等，低速进气歧管31与中速进气歧管32之间的轴向间距和封锁环一35与封锁环二36之间的间距相等；进气总管11的管壁与气动活塞34之间之间连接有驱使气动活塞34向低速进气歧管31的方向移动的复位弹簧一37；排气支管22通过废气中间管23与排气总管21相连通。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes an intake manifold 11, an exhaust manifold 21, an exhaust branch pipe 22, an intake mixed flow chamber 12 and an intake branch pipe 13. The pipe wall of the intake manifold 11 is connected to the intake manifold. A low-speed intake manifold 31 , two medium-speed intake manifolds 32 and four high-speed intake manifolds 33 are connected between the air mixing chambers 12 . The low-speed intake manifold 31 is close to the inlet end of the intake manifold 11 . The high-speed intake manifold 33 is close to the intake mixed flow chamber 12, and a pneumatic piston 34 is slidably connected to the intake manifold 11. The pneumatic piston 34 is connected to a hollow exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23, and the pipe wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 is provided with a blocking ring. 35 and the second blocking ring 36 located between the blocking ring one 35 and the pneumatic piston 34; the axial distance between the low-speed intake manifold 31 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32 and the distance between the medium-speed intake The axial spacing of the air manifold 33 is equal, and the axial spacing between the low-speed intake manifold 31 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32 is the same as the spacing between the blocking ring one 35 and the blocking ring two 36; the intake manifold 11 Between the pipe wall and the pneumatic piston 34 is connected a return spring 37 that drives the pneumatic piston 34 to move in the direction of the low-speed intake manifold 31;
如图1所示，内燃机低负荷运行，进气总管11的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管11的气流压力较小，气动活塞34下移至低速进气歧管31的下方，并位于低速进气歧管31和中速进气歧管32之间，新鲜空气由进气总管11、低速进气歧管31、进气混流腔12和进气支管13进入燃烧室；由于低速进气歧管31只有一根，且其与进气混流腔12之间的细长管道路径较长，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。As shown in FIG. 1 , when the internal combustion engine is running at a low load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold 11 is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control devices. The airflow pressure of the intake manifold 11 is relatively small, and the pneumatic piston 34 moves down to a low speed. Below the intake manifold 31 and between the low-speed intake manifold 31 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32, fresh air is supplied by the intake manifold 11, the low-speed intake manifold 31, the intake mixing chamber 12 and the intake air The branch pipe 13 enters the combustion chamber; since there is only one low-speed intake manifold 31, and the slender pipeline path between it and the intake air mixing chamber 12 is long, it matches the intake air volume and the ignition frequency of the engine, and achieves a better Intake rhythm and intake effect.
内燃机中等负荷运行，进气总管11的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管11的气流压力有所提高，气动活塞34下移至中速进气歧管32的下方，并位于中速进气歧管 32和高速进气歧管33之间，封锁环二36关闭低速进气歧管31，新鲜空气由进气总管11、中速进气歧管32、进气混流腔12和进气支管13进入燃烧室；由于中速进气歧管32有两根，且其与进气混流腔12之间的细长管道路径较短，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。The internal combustion engine is running at medium load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold 11 is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control devices, the airflow pressure of the intake manifold 11 is increased, and the pneumatic piston 34 moves down to the medium-speed intake manifold. Below 32, and located between the medium-speed intake manifold 32 and the high-speed intake manifold 33, the blocking ring 2 36 closes the low-speed intake manifold 31, and fresh air is supplied by the intake manifold 11 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32. , the intake mixed flow cavity 12 and the intake branch pipe 13 enter the combustion chamber; because there are two medium-speed intake manifolds 32, and the slender pipeline path between them and the intake mixed flow cavity 12 is short, and the intake air volume and The ignition frequency of the engine is matched to achieve better intake rhythm and intake effect.
如图2所示，内燃机高负荷运行，进气总管11的进气量受到节气门等进气量节制设备的控制，进气进气总管11的气流压力较大，气动活塞34下移至高速进气歧管33的下方，封锁环一35 关闭低速进气歧管31，封锁环二36关闭中速进气歧管32，新鲜空气由进气总管11、高速进气歧管33、进气混流腔12和进气支管13进入燃烧室；由于高速进气歧管33有四根，且其与进气混流腔12之间的细长管道路径很短，与进气量和发动机的点火频率匹配，达到较好的进气节奏和进气效果。As shown in FIG. 2 , when the internal combustion engine is running at high load, the intake air volume of the intake manifold 11 is controlled by the throttle valve and other air intake volume control devices. The airflow pressure of the intake manifold 11 is relatively large, and the pneumatic piston 34 moves down to a high speed. Below the intake manifold 33, the block ring 1 35 closes the low-speed intake manifold 31, the block ring two 36 closes the medium-speed intake manifold 32, and fresh air is supplied by the intake manifold 11, the high-speed intake manifold 33, and the intake air. The mixing chamber 12 and the intake branch pipe 13 enter the combustion chamber; since there are four high-speed intake manifolds 33, and the slender pipeline path between them and the intake mixing chamber 12 is very short, it is closely related to the intake air volume and the ignition frequency of the engine. Match to achieve better intake rhythm and intake effect.
复位弹簧一37用于与进气压力抵抗，用于调节气动活塞34 在进气总管11内的位置。The return spring one 37 is used to resist the intake pressure, and is used to adjust the position of the pneumatic piston 34 in the intake manifold 11 .
通过上述结构，不仅可以实现进气路径、进气量、进气频率、进气压力等因素与内燃机的实际情况精准匹配，而且其并不依赖电子感应设备的检测和程序的判断，几乎由机械结构实现，不仅简化了结构，而且，其稳定性、可靠性、维护周期等均得到了优化。Through the above structure, not only can the intake path, intake volume, intake frequency, intake pressure and other factors be accurately matched with the actual situation of the internal combustion engine, but also it does not rely on the detection of electronic induction equipment and the judgment of the program, almost by the mechanical The realization of the structure not only simplifies the structure, but also optimizes its stability, reliability and maintenance cycle.
当进气量增大时气动活塞34下移，当进气量减小时，气动活塞34上移，进气量由小增大时，正好需要进气压力增大，气动活塞34下移实现了气压增大的需求，进气量由大减小时，正好需要进气压力稍减，气动活塞34的上移实现了气压削弱的需求；综上，气动活塞34的移动，能够消除进气量变化过程中，特别是在短时间内进气量变化较大的过程中，进气管道内气流惯性造成的反应延迟，使进气量的控制更加精准。When the intake air volume increases, the pneumatic piston 34 moves downward. When the intake air volume decreases, the pneumatic piston 34 moves upward. When the intake air volume increases from a small amount, the intake pressure needs to be increased, and the pneumatic piston 34 moves downward. When the air pressure is increased, the intake air volume needs to be reduced slightly, and the upward movement of the pneumatic piston 34 realizes the requirement of air pressure weakening. In conclusion, the movement of the pneumatic piston 34 can eliminate the change in the intake air volume. During the process, especially in the process of large changes in the intake air volume in a short period of time, the reaction delay caused by the inertia of the airflow in the intake duct makes the control of the intake air volume more precise.
本方案中，低速进气歧管31、中速进气歧管32和高速进气歧管33的数量分别限定为一根、两根和四根，是在各进气歧管的管径相等，且其弯曲程度相似的前提下，主要是为了更好的解度其作用和原理，通过对歧管数量、歧管形状、歧管管径进行适应性调整，以求达到上述目的和结果，均属于常规设置。In this solution, the numbers of the low-speed intake manifold 31 , the medium-speed intake manifold 32 and the high-speed intake manifold 33 are limited to one, two and four respectively, and the pipe diameters of the intake manifolds are equal. , and under the premise that the degree of bending is similar, the main purpose is to better understand its function and principle, through adaptive adjustment of the number of manifolds, the shape of the manifold, and the diameter of the manifold, in order to achieve the above purposes and results, All are general settings.
如图1和图5所示，排气支管22连接一功能管24，功能管 24插设在废气中间管23内，废气中间管23的底部侧壁上开设有一废气出口一25；气动活塞34位于低速进气歧管31与中速进气歧管32之间时，功能管24的上端的管壁位于废气出口一25的下方，且能够使废气中间管23与进气总管11相连通。As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the exhaust branch pipe 22 is connected to a functional pipe 24, the functional pipe 24 is inserted in the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23, and an exhaust gas outlet 25 is provided on the bottom side wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23; the pneumatic piston 34 When located between the low-speed intake manifold 31 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32 , the upper end wall of the functional pipe 24 is located below the exhaust gas outlet 1 25 , and enables the exhaust intermediate pipe 23 to communicate with the intake manifold 11 .
废气的排出路径，处于进气总管11和进气混流腔12内，能够使废气的余热对进气的空气进行预热，达到热利用率更高的目的。The discharge path of the exhaust gas is located in the intake manifold 11 and the intake mixed flow chamber 12, so that the waste heat of the exhaust gas can preheat the intake air, so as to achieve the purpose of higher heat utilization rate.
当内燃机处于低速运行时，其燃烧效率较低，废气中存在较多的可燃烧成分，此时，气动活塞34位于低速进气歧管31与中速进气歧管32之间，功能管24的上端的管壁位于废气出口一25 的下方，且能够使废气中间管23与进气总管11相连通，使部分废气受到进气负压的作用和废气排出压力的作用进入进气总管 11，从低速进气歧管31进入进气混流腔12内，从而再次进入燃烧室，使该状态下废气再利用，对应汽车的行车状态为：怠速、低速和启动状态。When the internal combustion engine is running at low speed, its combustion efficiency is low, and there are more combustible components in the exhaust gas. At this time, the pneumatic piston 34 is located between the low-speed intake manifold 31 and the medium-speed intake manifold 32, and the functional pipe 24 The upper end of the pipe wall is located below the exhaust gas outlet 1 25, and can make the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 communicate with the intake manifold 11, so that part of the exhaust gas is subjected to the action of the intake negative pressure and the exhaust gas discharge pressure into the intake manifold 11, From the low-speed intake manifold 31 into the intake mixing chamber 12, it enters the combustion chamber again, so that the exhaust gas is reused in this state, and the corresponding driving states of the vehicle are: idle speed, low speed and start state.
如图1和图6所示，功能管24的底部的管壁上固定设置有一支撑圈41，功能管24上套设并滑动连接有一支撑座42，支撑圈 41与支撑座42之间连接有复位弹簧二43，复位弹簧一37的一端与支撑座42相连，复位弹簧一37的另一端与气动活塞34相连。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , a support ring 41 is fixed on the pipe wall at the bottom of the functional tube 24 , a support seat 42 is sleeved and slidably connected to the functional tube 24 , and a support ring 41 is connected with the support seat 42 . The second return spring 43, one end of the return spring one 37 is connected with the support base 42, and the other end of the return spring one 37 is connected with the pneumatic piston 34.
支撑座42上固定设置有封锁环三44，功能管24的底部的侧壁上开设有废气出口二26；支撑圈41靠近支撑座42时，封锁环三44能够打开废气出口二26，并使功能管24与进气混流腔12 相连通。The third block ring 44 is fixed on the support seat 42, and the second exhaust gas outlet 26 is opened on the side wall of the bottom of the functional tube 24; when the support ring 41 is close to the support seat 42, the third block ring 44 can open the second exhaust gas outlet 26 and make the exhaust gas outlet two 26 open. The functional pipe 24 communicates with the intake air mixing chamber 12 .
急加速状态下，废气中残留的可燃烧成分也较多，为了在该行车状态下，对废气进行再利用，设置封锁环三44，急加速时，进气量骤然增大，气压随之增大，作用在气动活塞34上，气动活塞34冲击力使复位弹簧一37和复位弹簧二43均压缩，且由于封锁环一35和封锁环二36在气动活塞34突然移动的过程中，存在低速进气歧管31、中速进气歧管32和高速进气歧管33均堵塞的短暂瞬间，该瞬间，也增大了气动活塞34的冲击力，封锁环三 44因为复位弹簧二43的压缩二移动，打开废气出口二26，使废气能够由废气出口二26直接进入进气混流腔12，从而使燃烧不充分的气体快速进入燃烧室进行再次燃烧。In the state of rapid acceleration, there are also more combustible components remaining in the exhaust gas. In order to reuse the exhaust gas in this driving state, a blocking ring 344 is set. During rapid acceleration, the intake air volume increases suddenly, and the air pressure increases accordingly. Large, acting on the pneumatic piston 34, the impact force of the pneumatic piston 34 compresses the return spring one 37 and the return spring two 43, and because the blocking ring one 35 and the blocking ring two 36 are in the process of sudden movement of the pneumatic piston 34, there is a low speed. The brief moment when the intake manifold 31 , the medium-speed intake manifold 32 and the high-speed intake manifold 33 are all blocked, this moment also increases the impact force of the pneumatic piston 34 . The second compression moves, and the second exhaust gas outlet 26 is opened, so that the exhaust gas can directly enter the intake mixed flow chamber 12 from the second exhaust gas outlet 26, so that the insufficiently combusted gas can quickly enter the combustion chamber for re-combustion.
如图1和图4所示，封锁环一35与废气中间管23的管壁之间、封锁环二36与废气中间管23的管壁之间均通过若干辐板38 相连，辐板38的内端连接有轴套39，轴套39与废气中间管23 的外壁之间通过轴承相连。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , between the blocking ring 1 35 and the pipe wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 , and between the blocking ring two 36 and the pipe wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 are connected by a plurality of webs 38 . A shaft sleeve 39 is connected to the inner end, and the shaft sleeve 39 is connected with the outer wall of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 through a bearing.
急加速状态下，由于气动活塞34急速向进气混流腔12方向移动，能够增大进气压力，使部分废气和新鲜空气能够快速进入燃烧室内，以配合该状态下的进气需求。In the rapid acceleration state, due to the rapid movement of the pneumatic piston 34 in the direction of the intake mixing chamber 12, the intake pressure can be increased, so that part of the exhaust gas and fresh air can quickly enter the combustion chamber to meet the intake demand in this state.
辐板38所在平面与废气中间管23的轴线之间具有倾角，使进气气流能够驱使封锁环一35和封锁环二36在进气总管11的管壁上旋转。There is an inclination angle between the plane of the web 38 and the axis of the exhaust gas intermediate pipe 23 , so that the intake air flow can drive the blocking ring 1 35 and the blocking ring 2 36 to rotate on the pipe wall of the intake manifold 11 .
进气总管11内的气流会驱使封锁环一35和封锁环二36在进气总管11的管壁上滑动，再加上封锁环一35和封锁环二36存在轴向移动，使进气总管11能够被自动除垢，也确保了封锁环一 35和封锁环二36的磨损均匀。The air flow in the intake manifold 11 will drive the blocking ring one 35 and the blocking ring two 36 to slide on the pipe wall of the intake manifold 11, and the blocking ring one 35 and the blocking ring two 36 move axially, so that the intake manifold has an axial movement. 11 can be automatically descaled, which also ensures uniform wear of the blocking ring one 35 and the blocking ring two 36.
封锁环三44与支撑座42之间均通过若干支撑杆27相连。本申请中，只是描述了一种内燃机可以实现废气再利用、进气量控制、进气压力控制等目的的原理，本领域技术人员可以轻而易举的得知：通过设置更多的进气歧管，使进气量的档位增多，以提高控制精准度，即该种方式也是本申请的保护范围。The blocking ring 3 44 and the support base 42 are connected by a plurality of support rods 27 . In this application, only the principle that an internal combustion engine can realize the purpose of exhaust gas reuse, intake air volume control, intake pressure control, etc. is described. Those skilled in the art can easily know that: by setting more intake manifolds, The gears of the intake air volume are increased to improve the control accuracy, that is, this method is also the protection scope of the present application.
需要说明的是：附图1、附图2和附图3中，虚线箭头表示新鲜空气的流通路径，实线箭头表示废气的流通路径。It should be noted that: in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the dashed arrows represent the flow path of fresh air, and the solid line arrows represent the flow path of exhaust gas.
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本实用新型精神作举例说明。本实用新型所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本实用新型的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the present invention can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them in similar ways, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the appended claims the defined range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201821951798.8UCN209261707U (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | An internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system |
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| CN201821951798.8UCN209261707U (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | An internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system |
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| CN109306924A (en)* | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-05 | 湖北科技学院 | An internal combustion engine intake and exhaust system |
| CN109306924B (en)* | 2018-11-23 | 2024-04-30 | 湖北科技学院 | Air intake and exhaust system of internal combustion engine |
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