技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及液压驱动领域，尤其涉及一种双级液压缸。The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic drive, in particular to a two-stage hydraulic cylinder.
背景技术Background technique
液压装置是将液压能转变为机械能的、做直线往复运动(或摆动运动)的液压执行元件。它结构简单、工作可靠。用它来实现往复运动时，可免去减速装置，并且没有传动间隙，运动平稳，因此在各种机械的液压系统中得到广泛应用。液压缸输出力和活塞有效面积及其两边的压差成正比；液压缸基本上由缸筒和缸盖、活塞和活塞杆、密封装置、缓冲装置与排气装置组成。缓冲装置与排气装置视具体应用场合而定，其他装置则必不可少。A hydraulic device is a hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and performs linear reciprocating motion (or swing motion). It has simple structure and reliable operation. When using it to achieve reciprocating motion, the reduction device can be omitted, and there is no transmission gap, and the movement is stable, so it is widely used in various mechanical hydraulic systems. The output force of the hydraulic cylinder is proportional to the effective area of the piston and the pressure difference on both sides; the hydraulic cylinder is basically composed of a cylinder barrel and a cylinder head, a piston and a piston rod, a sealing device, a buffer device and an exhaust device. Buffers and exhausts are application specific, other devices are essential.
液压装置的结构形式多种多样，其分类方法也有多种：按运动方式可分为直线往复运动式和回转摆动式；按受液压力作用情况可分为单作用式、双作用式；按结构形式可分为活塞式、柱塞式、多级伸缩套筒式，齿轮齿条式等；按安装形式可分为拉杆、耳环、底脚、铰轴等；按压力等级可分为16Mpa、25Mpa、31.5Mpa等。There are various structural forms of hydraulic devices, and there are many classification methods: according to the movement mode, they can be divided into linear reciprocating motion type and rotary swing type; according to the effect of hydraulic pressure, they can be divided into single-acting type and double-acting type; The form can be divided into piston type, plunger type, multi-stage telescopic sleeve type, rack and pinion type, etc.; according to the installation form, it can be divided into tie rod, earring, foot, hinge shaft, etc.; according to the pressure level, it can be divided into 16Mpa, 25Mpa , 31.5Mpa, etc.
液压装置被广泛用于驱动载人装置的升降动作。区别于常规的液压装置，载人升降装置要求液压装置具有快速动作、运动平稳无冲击且低速性能好等特点。现有载人升降装置一般有开环和闭环控制两种方式，开环控制一般通过液压源提供动力给液压装置，由液压装置驱动升降平台完成升降动作控制。由于液压装置为多级液压缸，在级与级换向过程中存在面积差，因而会造成较大换接冲击；且多级换接是一级动作完成后下一级再动作，因此无法满足快速动作的场合。闭环控制方式一般通过在升降平台上加装位移传感器，将位移传感器信号检测传输至比例控制阀的控制器，通过控制器调节比例控制阀的输出流量来调节输入到液压装置内的流量以实现升降平台的速度控制。由于换级时比例控制阀输出流量很小，而为了保证快速动作要求，平台速度变化率较大势必引起平台较大冲击。通过上述分析可以看出，现有开环控制无法避免引起较大换接冲击，而闭环控制为了减小振动冲击会使控制策略变得复杂；且为了保证快速动作要求速度变化率较大，从而降低乘坐载人升降装置的平稳舒适性。Hydraulic devices are widely used to drive the lifting action of people-carrying devices. Different from the conventional hydraulic device, the manned lifting device requires the hydraulic device to have the characteristics of fast action, smooth movement without impact, and good low-speed performance. The existing manned lifting devices generally have two modes of open-loop and closed-loop control. The open-loop control generally provides power to the hydraulic device through a hydraulic source, and the hydraulic device drives the lifting platform to complete the lifting action control. Since the hydraulic device is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, there is a difference in area during the reversing process between stages, which will cause a large switching impact; and the multi-stage switching is that the next stage operates after the completion of the first stage action, so it cannot meet the For fast action. The closed-loop control method generally installs a displacement sensor on the lifting platform, transmits the signal of the displacement sensor to the controller of the proportional control valve, and adjusts the output flow of the proportional control valve through the controller to adjust the flow input into the hydraulic device to achieve lifting. Platform speed control. Since the output flow rate of the proportional control valve is very small during the stage change, and in order to ensure the requirement of rapid action, the large change rate of the platform speed is bound to cause a large impact on the platform. It can be seen from the above analysis that the existing open-loop control cannot avoid causing large switching shocks, while the closed-loop control will make the control strategy complicated in order to reduce the vibration shock; and in order to ensure fast action, the speed change rate is large, so Reduced ride comfort on man lifts.
因此，现有的各种液压装置在进行多级作动时，都存在其无法克服的缺陷。Therefore, various existing hydraulic devices have insurmountable defects when performing multi-stage actions.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有技术的现状，提出了一种结构简单、同步作动、运动平稳无换级冲击，通过调整结构参数，就可达到各级作动运动规律可设定的双级液压缸。Aiming at the status quo of the prior art, a two-stage hydraulic cylinder with simple structure, synchronous actuation, smooth movement and no staging impact is proposed.
具体而言，本实用新型提供一种双级液压缸，其特征在于，所述双级液压缸包括：外缸筒、活塞、导向套、前端盖以及活塞杆，所述外缸筒为第一端封闭的圆筒，所述外缸筒的底部侧边开有第一进油孔，侧边中部开有第二进油孔，所述活塞置于所述外缸筒内，所述导向套固定安装在所述外缸筒的第二端，所述导向套呈第一端封闭的圆筒形，其第一端与所述活塞固定连接并且第一端底部侧边开有第三进油孔，所述导向套的侧壁与所述导向套可滑动地密封连接，能够与所述活塞一体地相对于所述外缸筒以及所述导向套滑动，所述活塞杆伸入到所述导向套内，与所述导向套可滑动密封连接，所述外缸筒与所述活塞之间形成第一注油腔，通过所述第一进油孔进油，所述导向套的直径小于所述活塞的直径，所述导向套、所述外缸筒所述导向套以及所述活塞伸出所述导向套之外的部分形成第二容油腔，通过所述第二进油孔注油，第二容油腔注油后，第二进油孔封闭，在所述导向套底部，所述活塞、所述活塞杆以及所述导向套围成第三容油腔，所述第三容油腔通过第三进油孔与所述第二容油腔联通。Specifically, the present utility model provides a dual-stage hydraulic cylinder, which is characterized in that the dual-stage hydraulic cylinder comprises: an outer cylinder, a piston, a guide sleeve, a front end cover and a piston rod, and the outer cylinder is a first A cylinder with closed ends, the bottom side of the outer cylinder is provided with a first oil inlet hole, the middle of the side is provided with a second oil inlet hole, the piston is placed in the outer cylinder, the guide sleeve It is fixedly installed on the second end of the outer cylinder, the guide sleeve is cylindrical with a closed first end, the first end is fixedly connected with the piston, and a third oil inlet is opened on the side of the bottom of the first end a hole, the side wall of the guide sleeve is slidably connected to the guide sleeve and can slide relative to the outer cylinder and the guide sleeve integrally with the piston, and the piston rod extends into the The guide sleeve is slidably and sealedly connected to the guide sleeve, a first oil filling cavity is formed between the outer cylinder and the piston, and oil is fed through the first oil inlet hole, and the diameter of the guide sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the guide sleeve. The diameter of the piston, the guide sleeve, the guide sleeve of the outer cylinder, and the part of the piston extending out of the guide sleeve form a second oil-containing cavity, and oil is injected through the second oil inlet hole, After the second oil-receiving cavity is filled with oil, the second oil inlet hole is closed. At the bottom of the guide sleeve, the piston, the piston rod and the guide sleeve enclose a third oil-receiving cavity, and the third oil-receiving cavity The third oil inlet hole communicates with the second oil containing cavity.
优选地，所述双级液压缸的导向套在朝向所述外缸筒底部的一侧具有斜角的第一突出部，所述活塞朝向所述导向套的一侧具有斜角的第二突出部，所述第一突出部靠近所述导向套的外壁一侧，所述第二突出部靠近所述外缸筒的内壁一侧。Preferably, the guide sleeve of the two-stage hydraulic cylinder has a first beveled protrusion on the side facing the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the piston has a second beveled protrusion on the side facing the guide sleeve The first protruding part is close to the outer wall side of the guide sleeve, and the second protruding part is close to the inner wall side of the outer cylinder.
优选地，所述第一突出部与所述外缸筒轴线的夹角小于所述第二突出部与所述外缸筒轴线的夹角。Preferably, the included angle between the first protrusion and the axis of the outer cylinder is smaller than the angle between the second protrusion and the axis of the outer cylinder.
优选地，所述外缸筒内壁与所述导向套外壁之间环形空间的横截面积等于所述活塞杆的横截面积。Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the guide sleeve is equal to the cross-sectional area of the piston rod.
技术效果technical effect
本实用新型的液压缸当从第一进油口进油，在无杆腔驱动活塞运动时，液压缸有杆腔采用被动驱动原理，前一级容腔油液通过导向套3斜孔进入后一级容腔驱动活塞杆运动，实现同步作动减小动作时间；2)各级活塞缸径和杆径可以根据外负载运动控制规律设计，从而可以实现复杂的控制规律。3)外缸筒顶杆以及活塞内单向阀装置可以消除液压缸累积误差。4)前端盖设计斜角和活塞上斜角行程缓冲装置，可以减小液压执行装置在行程末端液压冲击。该液压缸具有结构简单，同步作动，运动平稳无换级冲击，且可以实现复杂控制规律，响应速度快特点。When the hydraulic cylinder of the utility model takes oil from the first oil inlet and drives the piston to move in the rodless cavity, the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder adopts the passive driving principle, and the oil in the previous stage cavity enters the rear cavity through the inclined hole of the guide sleeve 3 The first-level cavity drives the movement of the piston rod to realize synchronous action and reduce the action time; 2) The cylinder diameter and rod diameter of the piston at all levels can be designed according to the external load motion control law, so that complex control laws can be realized. 3) The ejector rod of the outer cylinder and the check valve device in the piston can eliminate the accumulated error of the hydraulic cylinder. 4) The front end cover is designed with bevel and piston upper bevel stroke buffer device, which can reduce the hydraulic shock of the hydraulic actuator at the end of the stroke. The hydraulic cylinder has the characteristics of simple structure, synchronous action, smooth movement without staging impact, complex control law and fast response speed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的液压缸的机械结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图及其实施例对本实用新型进行详细说明，但并不因此将本实用新型的保护范围限制在实施例描述的范围之中。The present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and its embodiments, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the scope described in the embodiments.
以下将结合附图对本实用新型的技术方案进行详细的描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本实施例的双级液压缸包括：外缸筒1、活塞2、导向套3、前端盖4、活塞杆5。As shown in FIG. 1 , the dual-stage hydraulic cylinder of this embodiment includes: an outer cylinder 1 , a piston 2 , a guide sleeve 3 , a front end cover 4 , and a piston rod 5 .
如图所示，外缸筒1为右端封闭的圆筒，外缸筒1的底部侧边(图中上方)开有第一进油孔，侧边中部开有第二进油孔。活塞2置于外缸筒1内，前端盖4固定安装在外缸筒1的左端。As shown in the figure, the outer cylinder 1 is a cylinder with a closed right end, the bottom side of the outer cylinder 1 (the upper part in the figure) is provided with a first oil inlet hole, and the middle of the side is provided with a second oil inlet hole. The piston 2 is placed in the outer cylinder 1 , and the front end cover 4 is fixedly mounted on the left end of the outer cylinder 1 .
导向套3呈右端封闭的圆筒形，其右端与活塞2固定连接并且右端底部侧边开有第三进油孔(图中导向套3上下各示出一个)，导向套3的侧壁与前端盖4可滑动地密封连接，导向套3能够与活塞一体地相对于外缸筒1以及前端盖4滑动。本实施例中，导向套3通过螺纹安装在活塞2上。前端盖4通过螺纹安装在外缸筒1内The guide sleeve 3 is in the shape of a cylinder with a closed right end, the right end of which is fixedly connected with the piston 2 and a third oil inlet hole is opened on the side of the bottom of the right end (one guide sleeve 3 is shown up and down in the figure). The front end cover 4 is slidably and sealedly connected, and the guide sleeve 3 can slide relative to the outer cylinder 1 and the front end cover 4 integrally with the piston. In this embodiment, the guide sleeve 3 is mounted on the piston 2 through threads. The front end cover 4 is installed in the outer cylinder 1 through the thread
活塞杆5伸入到导向套2内，与导向套2可滑动密封连接，外缸筒1与活塞2之间形成第一注油腔C，通过第一进油孔进油，导向套3的直径小于活塞2的直径，因此，活塞的边缘处伸出导向套3之外。The piston rod 5 extends into the guide sleeve 2 and is slidably and sealedly connected with the guide sleeve 2. A first oil filling cavity C is formed between the outer cylinder 1 and the piston 2, and oil is fed through the first oil inlet hole. The diameter of the guide sleeve 3 It is smaller than the diameter of the piston 2 , so the edge of the piston protrudes beyond the guide sleeve 3 .
导向套3、外缸筒1、前端盖4以及活塞2伸出导向套3之外的部分形成第二容油腔A，该第二容油腔通过第二进油孔注油，第二容油腔注油后，第二进油孔封闭，所以形成容油腔。在导向套底部，活塞2的左侧壁、活塞杆5的右侧壁以及导向套3的内壁围成第三容油腔B，第三容油腔通过第三进油孔与第二容油腔联通。The guide sleeve 3 , the outer cylinder 1 , the front end cover 4 and the part of the piston 2 extending out of the guide sleeve 3 form a second oil-accommodating chamber A, which is filled with oil through the second oil inlet hole, and the second oil-accommodating chamber is filled with oil through the second oil inlet hole. After the cavity is filled with oil, the second oil inlet hole is closed, so an oil-accommodating cavity is formed. At the bottom of the guide sleeve, the left side wall of the piston 2, the right side wall of the piston rod 5 and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 3 enclose a third oil-accommodating chamber B, and the third oil-accommodating chamber is connected to the second oil-accommodating chamber through the third oil inlet hole cavity communication.
如图所示，本实施例中，液压缸的前端盖4在朝向外缸筒底部的一侧具有斜角为α的第一突出部，活塞2朝向前端盖4的一侧具有斜角为β的第二突出部，第一突出部靠近导向套3的外壁一侧，第二突出部靠近外缸筒1的内壁一侧。As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the front end cover 4 of the hydraulic cylinder has a first protrusion with an oblique angle α on the side facing the bottom of the outer cylinder, and the side of the piston 2 facing the front end cover 4 has an oblique angle β The second protrusion, the first protrusion is close to the side of the outer wall of the guide sleeve 3 , and the second protrusion is close to the side of the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 .
优选地，第一突出部与外缸筒1轴线的夹角小于第二突出部与外缸筒轴线的夹角。当活塞2处于行程末端时，前端盖4的斜角α与活塞2斜角β形成密封腔起缓冲作用。Preferably, the angle between the first protrusion and the axis of the outer cylinder 1 is smaller than the angle between the second protrusion and the axis of the outer cylinder. When the piston 2 is at the end of the stroke, the oblique angle α of the front end cover 4 and the oblique angle β of the piston 2 form a sealing cavity for buffering.
可以通过调整外缸筒1内壁与导向套3外壁之间环形空间的横截面积与活塞杆的横截面积二者之间比值来调整两级液压机构的作动速度比。The actuation speed ratio of the two-stage hydraulic mechanism can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio between the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 and the outer wall of the guide sleeve 3 and the cross-sectional area of the piston rod.
在本实施例中，外缸筒1内壁与导向套3外壁之间环形空间的横截面积等于活塞杆的横截面积，这样两级液压机构的运动速度相同，更加平稳。In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the annular space between the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 and the outer wall of the guide sleeve 3 is equal to the cross-sectional area of the piston rod, so that the movement speed of the two-stage hydraulic mechanism is the same and more stable.
外缸筒1的内径、导向套3的外径以及活塞杆5的直径均根据各级之间的速度比以及总速度需求可调。The inner diameter of the outer cylinder 1, the outer diameter of the guide sleeve 3 and the diameter of the piston rod 5 are all adjustable according to the speed ratio between the stages and the total speed requirement.
本实施例是本实用新型的一种优选实现方式，在本实施例中，液压缸还的外缸筒1的底部还设置有凹槽内，凹槽内安装顶杆6，活塞2内与顶杆6位置对应处安装单向阀7，当液压缸处于初始位置，即活塞2位于外缸筒1的底部时，顶杆6压迫单向阀7迫使其处于打开状态，这时无杆腔C与容腔A、容腔B相连通。This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the present invention. In this embodiment, the bottom of the outer cylinder 1 of the hydraulic cylinder is also provided with a groove, and the top rod 6 is installed in the groove, and the piston 2 is connected to the top. The one-way valve 7 is installed at the corresponding position of the rod 6. When the hydraulic cylinder is in the initial position, that is, when the piston 2 is located at the bottom of the outer cylinder 1, the top rod 6 presses the one-way valve 7 to force it to be in an open state. At this time, there is no rod cavity C. It communicates with cavity A and cavity B.
虽然上面结合本实用新型的优选实施例对本实用新型的原理进行了详细的描述，本领域技术人员应该理解，上述实施例仅仅是对本实用新型的示意性实现方式的解释，并非对本实用新型包含范围的限定。实施例中的细节并不构成对本实用新型范围的限制，在不背离本实用新型的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本实用新型技术方案的等效变换、简单替换等显而易见的改变，均落在本实用新型保护范围之内。Although the principle of the present utility model has been described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned embodiments are only an explanation of the exemplary implementation of the present utility model, not the scope of the present utility model. limit. The details in the examples do not constitute a limitation to the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any obvious changes such as equivalent transformations and simple replacements based on the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821715679.2UCN209041213U (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A two-stage hydraulic cylinder |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821715679.2UCN209041213U (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A two-stage hydraulic cylinder |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209041213Utrue CN209041213U (en) | 2019-06-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821715679.2UActiveCN209041213U (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A two-stage hydraulic cylinder |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209041213U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114294294A (en)* | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | Double-oil-medium pressure cylinder and working method thereof |
| CN117283257A (en)* | 2023-10-17 | 2023-12-26 | 中国船舶集团华南船机有限公司 | Method for installing plunger |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114294294A (en)* | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | Double-oil-medium pressure cylinder and working method thereof |
| CN117283257A (en)* | 2023-10-17 | 2023-12-26 | 中国船舶集团华南船机有限公司 | Method for installing plunger |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |