Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is that proposing a kind of amendment type velocity sensor based on Doppler effect.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of amendment type velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, comprising:
It can be with three corner reflectors of testee synchronizing moving, including the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface；
Laser, for launching laser beam；
The laser beam, is incident to spectroscope；
Laser beam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two by the spectroscope；
The laser beam one, first reflecting surface of incident three corner reflectors, is incident to after the first reflective surfaceSecond reflecting surface；
Reflective mirror for receiving the laser beam one of the second reflective surface, and makes the laser beam one reflex to prism one；
The prism one for reflecting the laser beam one of the mirror reflection, and transmits away；
Photodetector one for receiving the laser beam one transmitted from the prism one, and measures its incoming position；
Prism two receives the laser beam two reflected by spectroscope, reflects the laser beam two, and transmitIt goes；
Photodetector two for receiving the laser beam two transmitted from the prism two, and measures its incoming position；
Processing system, variable quantity, the photoelectricity of the incoming position of the laser beam one for being received according to photodetector oneThe variable quantity of the incoming position for the laser beam two that detector two receives, calculates the speed of service of testee.
In further embodiment, three corner reflector is attached on testee, and three corner reflectors are with measured objectThe movement of body and move.By the way that directly three corner reflectors are fixed on testee, wave source can be reached and observer is oppositeThe purpose that position changes, and realize that reflection laser is moved synchronously with moving for testee.
In further embodiment, the first reflecting surface of three corner reflector and the angle of the second reflecting surface are right angle.When the angle of first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface is right angle, it is incident to the incident ray of the first reflecting surface and from the second reflecting surfaceThe light ray parallel of outgoing minimizes overall structure as far as possible to be conducive to the arrangement of each component in system, be also convenient to byThe speed for surveying object calculates.
In further embodiment, the material of the prism one and prism two is photonic crystal.Photonic crystal can subtractThe dispersion of few light with it is weak.
In further embodiment, the prism one includes prism facets one and prism facets two, described through mirror reflectionLaser beam one injects the prism facets one of prism one, and reflects, when the laser beam one after reflecting injects prism facets two, ribMirror surface two reflects laser beam one again, and projects laser beam one from prism facets two.
In another scheme, the prism two includes prism facets three and prism facets four, and the laser beam two injects prismTwo prism facets three, and reflect, when the laser beam two after reflecting injects prism facets four, prism facets four make laser beamTwo reflect again, and project laser beam two from prism facets four.
In further embodiment, the prism one is consistent with the structure of prism two；And/or prism one and prism two closeIt is symmetrical arranged in three corner reflectors.
In further embodiment, the receiving plane of the photodetector one and the second reflecting surface through three corner reflectors are anti-The laser beam penetrated is parallel；And/or the laser of the receiving plane of photodetector two and the second reflective surface through three corner reflectorsShu Pinghang.
On the other hand, the utility model proposes location variation and speed of service scaling method simultaneously, and steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2: adjustment laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism one, prism two, photodetectorOne, the positional relationship of photodetector two, so that the laser beam that laser projects is incident to spectroscope, the spectroscope is by laserBeam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two, the first reflecting surface of incident three corner reflectors of the laser beam one, through the second reflecting surfaceIt is incident to reflective mirror after reflection, through mirror reflection to prism one, is received after the transmission of prism one by photodetector one, it is describedLaser beam two is incident to prism two, is received after the transmission of prism two by photodetector two；
Step 3: giving different size of speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn, records the photodetector one under corresponding speedLocation variation X1, X2, X3 ... Xn records location variation Y1, Y2, Y3 ... Yn of the photodetector two under corresponding speed,Revised photoelectric probe position variable quantity is X1-kY1, X2-kY2, X3-kY3 ... Xn-kYn,α 2 is the receiving plane for being incident to the laser beam and photodetector two of photodetector twoAngle, α 1 are the angle for being incident to the receiving plane of laser beam and photodetector one of photodetector one, and L1 is that prism one goes outThe laser beam penetrated is incident on the path length of photodetector one, and L2 is that the laser beam that prism two is emitted is incident on photodetectorTwo path length is obtained under original laser wavelength, the change in location of movement velocity and photodetector by nonlinear fittingThe formula and/or relation curve of amount.
On the other hand, the utility model also provides a kind of survey of above-mentioned amendment type velocity sensor based on Doppler effectAmount method, comprising the following steps:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism one, prism two, photodetector one, photoelectricity is adjusted to visitThe positional relationship of device two is surveyed, so that the laser beam that laser projects is incident to spectroscope, laser beam is divided into sharp by the spectroscopeLight beam one and laser beam two, the first reflecting surface of incident three corner reflectors of the laser beam one, enter after the second reflective surfaceIt is incident upon reflective mirror, through mirror reflection to prism one, is received after the transmission of prism one by photodetector one, the laser beam twoIt is incident to prism two, is received after the transmission of prism two by photodetector two；
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational processSame optic path is to spectroscope, and the laser beam one that spectroscope point projects is along same optic path to reflective mirror, and reflectiveMirror reflexes to the same position of prism one；
Variable quantity, the photodetector two of the incoming position of the laser beam one received according to photodetector one receiveLaser beam two incoming position variable quantity, by scaling method obtain formula and/or relation curve, calculate measured objectThe speed of service of body.
Compared with prior art, it is tested the speed sensing using a kind of amendment type based on Doppler effect provided by the utility modelDevice and its calibration and measurement method, it has the advantage that: the utility model passes through Doppler effect: refer to the wavelength of object radiation becauseFor light source and observer relative motion and generate variation, while, root different to the laser refraction angle of different wave length according to prismThe laser beam that the variable quantity and photodetector two of the incoming position of the laser beam one received according to photodetector one receiveThe variable quantity of two incoming position, the formula and/or relation curve obtained by scaling method calculate the operation speed of testeeDegree can be corrected effectively because the laser beam wavelength of laser transmitting changes the influence to measurement result, improve measurement effect.The utility model velocity sensor structure is simple, at low cost, and is by the wavelength of the laser beam to laser own transmissionNo change differentiate and be modified to the speed of service, and measurement accuracy is significantly increased compared with conventional method.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out clearChu is fully described by, it is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than whole realitiesApply example.The component of the utility model embodiment being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be come with a variety of different configurationsArrangement and design.Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit belowThe range of claimed invention, but it is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the utility model.Based on the utility modelEmbodiment, those skilled in the art's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, allBelong to the range of the utility model protection.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present embodiment schematically discloses a kind of amendment type velocity sensor based on Doppler effect,Including laser 1, laser beam 2, laser beam 1, laser beam 2 22, spectroscope 3, three corner reflectors 5, reflective mirror 6, prism one7, prism 28, photodetector 1, photodetector 2 10, intermediate cam reflecting mirror 5, including the first reflecting surface 51 and secondReflecting surface 52, while three corner reflectors 5 are attached on testee 4, the prism 1 includes prism facets 1 and prism facets two72, the prism 28 includes prism facets 3 81 and prism facets 4 82.
The utility model is based in the amendment type velocity sensor of Doppler effect:
Laser 1 is for launching laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to spectroscope 3, and spectroscope 3 divides the laser beam 2For laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, first reflecting surface 51 of incident three corner reflectors 5 of the laser beam 1, through theSecond reflecting surface 52 is incident to after the reflection of one reflecting surface 51；Reflective mirror 6 receives the laser beam one of the second reflecting surface 52 reflectionAfter 21, so that laser beam 1 reflects, the prism facets 1 of prism 1 are injected, prism facets 1 make incident laserBeam 1 occurs to reflect and injects prism facets 2 72, and prism facets 2 72 reflect laser beam 1 again, and project, lightElectric explorer 1 receives the laser beam 1 projected by prism facets 2 72, and measures its incoming position.Meanwhile the laser beam2 22 are incident to the prism facets 3 81 of prism 28, and prism facets 3 81 make incident laser beam 2 22 occur to reflect and inject ribMirror surface 4 82, prism facets 4 82 reflect laser beam 2 22 again, and project, and photodetector 2 10 is received by prismThe laser beam 2 22 that face 4 82 is projected, and measure its incoming position.
Processing system, the variable quantity of the incoming position of the laser beam one received according to photodetector one and photodetectionThe variable quantity of the incoming position for the laser beam two that device two receives, the formula and/or relation curve obtained by scaling method, meterCalculate the speed of service of testee.
As shown in Figure 1, the direction of arrow instruction straight down is the traffic direction of testee and three corner reflectors, fortuneTestee after dynamic is represented by dashed line with three corner reflectors, and in addition, photoelectric sensor 1 is adopted with photoelectric sensor 2 10With PSD (Position-Sensitive Detector), the laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22 before operation are indicated by the solid line, postrun laser beamOne 21 are represented by dashed line with laser beam 2 22, and laser beam 1 and the transmission path of laser beam 2 22 are as follows:
Before operation, laser 1 emits laser beam 2, and laser beam 2 is incident to spectroscope 3, and it is sharp that spectroscope 3, which divides laser beam 2,Light beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, the laser beam 1 is incident to first reflecting surface 51 of three corner reflectors 5, through firstReflecting surface 51 is incident to second reflecting surface 52 after reflecting；Reflective mirror 6 receives the laser beam 1 of the second reflecting surface 52 reflection,And laser beam 1 is reflexed to the prism facets 1 of prism 7, prism facets 1 make laser beam 1 occur to reflect and injectPrism facets 2 72, prism facets 2 72 make laser beam 1 occur to reflect again and are incident upon photodetector 1, photodetectorOne 9 receive the laser beam 1 for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 2 72, and measure its incoming position, are denoted as first herein at this time and enterPenetrate position.
Meanwhile the laser beam 22 projected by spectroscope point, it is incident to the prism facets 3 81 of prism 28, prism facets three81 make laser beam 2 22 occur to reflect and inject prism facets 4 82, and prism facets 4 82 reflect laser beam 2 22 againAnd it is incident upon photodetector 2 10, photodetector 2 10 receives the laser beam 2 22 for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 4 82, andIts incoming position is measured, is denoted as the second incoming position herein at this time.
After operation (testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser), laser 1 emits laser beam 2, laserBeam 2 is incident to spectroscope 3, and spectroscope 3 divides laser beam 2 for laser beam 1 and laser beam 2 22, and the laser beam 1 entersIt is incident upon first reflecting surface 51 of three corner reflectors 5, is incident to second reflecting surface 52 after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 51；Reflective mirror 6 receives the laser beam 1 of the second reflecting surface 52 reflection, and laser beam 1 is reflexed to the prism facets one of prism 771, prism facets 1 make laser beam 1 occur to reflect and inject prism facets 2 72, and prism facets 2 72 make laser beam 1Occur to reflect and be incident upon photodetector 1 again, photodetector 1 receives the laser for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 2 72Beam 1, and its incoming position is measured, it is denoted as third incoming position herein at this time.
Meanwhile the laser beam 22 for dividing injection by spectroscope 3, it is incident to the prism facets 3 81 of prism 28, prism facets three81 make laser beam 2 22 occur to reflect and inject prism facets 4 82, and prism facets 4 82 reflect laser beam 2 22 againAnd it is incident upon photodetector 2 10, photodetector 2 10 receives the laser beam 2 22 for reflecting and projecting through prism facets 4 82, andIts incoming position is measured, is denoted as the 4th incoming position herein at this time.
Become according to the position that incident ray on photodetector one can be obtained in the first incoming position and third incoming positionChange amount, meanwhile, the wave for the laser beam 2 that laser 1 itself projects can be differentiated by the second incoming position and the 4th incoming positionWhether length changes, and when the second incoming position and the 4th incoming position change, then illustrates the wavelength for the laser beam that laser emitsIt changes during the motion, the location variation detected in wavelength change by photodetector two, to photodetectionThe location variation that device one detects is modified, then can be calculated accurately by revised location variationThe size of the movement velocity of testee.
Doppler shift formula is as follows:
The frequency relation of observer and emission source is shown in formula 1:
F ' is the frequency observed；
F is original transmitted frequency of the transmitting in the medium；
V is the travel speed of wave in the medium；
v0For observer's movement speed, if close to emission source front oeprator be+number, otherwise for-number；
vsFor emission source movement speed, if close to observer front oeprator be-number, otherwise for+number.
For the utility model, laser emitting source is stationary, then Doppler shift formula can simplify as formula2:
Since the wavelength of optical material refractive index and light belongs to non-linear relation, the biography that tests the speed based on above structureSense, the utility model proposes a kind of location variations and movement velocity scaling method.Steps are as follows:
Step 1: being arranged three corner reflectors on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2: adjustment laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism one, prism two, photodetectorOne, the positional relationship of photodetector two, so that the laser beam that laser projects is incident to spectroscope, the spectroscope is by laserBeam is divided into laser beam one and laser beam two, the first reflecting surface of incident three corner reflectors of the laser beam one, through the second reflecting surfaceIt is incident to reflective mirror after reflection, through mirror reflection to prism one, is received after the transmission of prism one by photodetector one, it is describedLaser beam two is incident to prism two, is received after the transmission of prism two by photodetector two；
Step 3: giving different size of speed V1, V2, V3 ... Vn, records the photodetector one under corresponding speedLocation variation X1, X2, X3 ... Xn records location variation Y1, Y2, Y3 ... Yn of the photodetector two under corresponding speed,Revised photoelectric probe position variable quantity is X1-kY1, X2-kY2, X3-kY3 ... Xn-kYn,α 2 is the receiving plane for being incident to the laser beam and photodetector two of photodetector twoAngle, α 1 are the angle for being incident to the receiving plane of laser beam and photodetector one of photodetector one, and L1 is that prism one goes outThe laser beam penetrated is incident on the path length of photodetector one, and L2 is that the laser beam that prism two is emitted is incident on photodetectorTwo path length is obtained under original laser wavelength, the change in location of movement velocity and photodetector by nonlinear fittingThe formula and/or relation curve of amount.
It is the incoming position of laser beam two since photodetector two is received in above-mentioned velocity sensor, and laser beamTwo is unrelated with the movement of testee, i.e. the wavelength of laser beam two is therefore the wavelength of the laser beam of laser transmitting passes throughPhotodetector two receives laser beam two, if the incoming position of laser beam two does not change (i.e. variable quantity is zero), it can be said thatThe wavelength of the laser beam of bright laser transmitting remains unchanged, if the incoming position of laser beam two changes, (i.e. variable quantity is notZero), it can be said that the wavelength of the laser beam of bright laser transmitting is changed.
As shown in Fig. 2, (solid line being located above in figure between PSD1 and prism one is equivalent line), when laser emitsLaser beam occur wavelength change when, during the motion, compared to the unchanged motion process of laser beam wavelength, photodetectionThe incidence point of the incoming laser beam of device one is deviated, and offset is x11 shown in figure, so that photodetector one is practicalThe displacement variable (being assumed to be x) that detects, both caused by the optical maser wavelength variation by Doppler effect, also stimulated light device itselfCaused by wavelength change, therefore to eliminate and calculate error caused by laser wavelength change itself.As shown in Figure 2,Since β is very small in real process, haveSin (β) ≈ β, sin (α 1- β) ≈ sin (α 1), sin (α 2- β) ≈ sin (α 2), then above-mentioned two equation can be approximatelyThen haveI.e. to photodetector oneThe displacement variable x being actually detected is modified, revised displacement are as follows:α 2 isIt is incident to the angle of the laser beam of photodetector two and the receiving plane of photodetector two, α 1 is to be incident to photodetector oneLaser beam and photodetector one receiving plane angle, L1 be prism one be emitted laser beam be incident on photodetector onePath length, L2 is that the laser beam that prism two is emitted is incident on the path length of photodetector two.Again with revised positionShifting amount and formula obtained by calibrating or relation curve can calculate the movement velocity of testee.
When wavelength change occurs for the laser beam of laser transmitting, the incoming position variable quantity on photodetector one is by twoA factor decision, the i.e. wavelength of the speed of service (size) of testee and the laser beam of laser transmitting, this embodiment schemeIn, the incoming position variable quantity measured by photodetector two can measure change in location caused by laser beam wavelength changes,Therefore, the location variation that the data measured using photodetector two measure photodetector one is modified, and can be disappearedExcept influence of the wavelength change to the data of photodetector one of the laser beam of laser source transmitting, and then improve the accurate of measurementDegree.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the angle of first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 is right angle.It is easyUnderstand, herein by the angle of the first reflecting surface 8 and the second reflecting surface 9 be set as right angle be for the ease of the arrangement of each component,The size for reducing whole equipment as far as possible, and facilitates the calculating of testee movement velocity, is guaranteeing that laser beam is incident to triangleFirst reflecting surface 51 of reflecting mirror 5 is incident to second reflecting surface 52, the second reflection after the reflection of the first reflecting surface 51In the case that face 52 can be by laser reflection to reflective mirror 6, the angle degree of the first reflecting surface 51 and the second reflecting surface 52 is not limitedNumber.
It is attached on testee 4 as one kind preferably embodiment, three corner reflectors 5, three corner reflectors are with quiltIt surveys the movement of object and moves.By the way that directly three corner reflectors 5 are fixed on testee 4, wave source and observation can be reachedThe purpose that person relative position changes, and realize that reflection laser is moved synchronously with moving for testee.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, prism facets 1 with prism facets 2 72 are at an acute angle connects.Ensureing laser beamOne 21 entrance prisms 1, prism 1 reflect the laser beam 1, and after transmiting away, laser beam 1 still canIn the case where incident photodetector 1, the angle degree of prism facets 1 Yu prism facets 2 72 is not limited.
Connect as one kind preferably embodiment, prism facets 3 81 with prism facets 82 4, angle is acute angle.?Ensure 2 22 entrance prism 28 of laser beam, prism 28 reflects the laser beam 2 22, and after transmiting away, laser beam2 22 still can not limit the angle degree of prism facets 3 81 Yu prism facets 4 82 in the case where incident photodetector 2 10.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the material of the prism 1 and prism 28 is preferably photonic crystal.HereinBe using photonic crystal in order to reduce the dispersion of light with it is weak, guarantee laser beam 1 remain to be incident to photodetector 1And laser beam 2 22 remains in the case where being incident upon photodetector 2 10, with no restrictions to the material of prism one and prism two.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the prism 1 is consistent with the structure of prism 28, and/or, prism one andPrism two is symmetrical arranged about three corner reflectors, convenient for arrangement.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, the receiving plane of the photodetector 1 and second through three corner reflectorsThe laser beam that reflecting surface 52 reflects is parallel, and the receiving plane of photodetector 2 10 and the second reflecting surface 52 through three corner reflectors are anti-The laser beam penetrated is parallel.
Preferably meet as one kind preferably embodiment, placement position of reflective mirror: the laser beam of the second reflective surfaceOne is incident to reflective mirror in 45 °, and the laser beam of mirror reflection is incident to prism one；And/or the laser beam of laser transmitting is in45 ° are incident to spectroscope, and the laser beam of spectroscope reflection is incident to prism two.In this way convenient for arrangement, but also velocity sensorOverall structure it is beautiful, the placement position of certain spectroscope and prism can also be not particularly limited, as shown in Figure 1.
As a kind of preferably embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the same prism can be used, while spectroscope reflection is receivedLaser beam and mirror reflection laser beam, reduce the layout of integral device with this.
The velocity sensor based on Doppler effect provided in above-mentioned the present embodiment is based on Doppler effect and realizes,The structure of entire velocity sensor is simple, at low cost, and measurement accuracy is high.
Based on the above-mentioned amendment type velocity sensor based on Doppler effect, measurement method the following steps are included:
Step 1:
Three corner reflectors are set on testee, so that three corner reflectors can be run simultaneously with testee；
Step 2:
Laser, spectroscope, three corner reflectors, reflective mirror, prism one, prism two, photodetector one, photoelectricity is adjusted to visitThe positional relationship of device two is surveyed, so that the laser beam that laser projects is incident to spectroscope, laser beam is divided into laser beam by spectroscopeOne is incident to the first reflecting surface of three corner reflectors with laser beam two, laser beam one, is incident to after the second reflective surface anti-Light microscopic is received after the transmission of prism one by photodetector one through mirror reflection to prism one；Meanwhile laser beam two is incidentTo prism two, received after the transmission of prism two by photodetector two；
Step 3:
Testee is run along the direction close to or far from laser, and the laser beam edge that laser emits in operational processSame optic path is to spectroscope, and the laser beam one that spectroscope point projects is along same path transmission to reflective mirror, and reflectiveMirror reflexes to the same position of prism one, and the laser beam two that spectroscope point projects is also along the same of same path transmission to prism twoPosition；
Step 4:
Variable quantity, the photoelectricity of the incoming position of the laser beam one received during the motion according to photodetector one are visitedThe variable quantity for surveying the incoming position for the laser beam two that device two receives during the motion, the formula obtained by scaling methodAnd/or relation curve, calculate the speed of service of testee.
Due to photodetection two detect be laser beam two incoming position, and the movement nothing of laser beam two and testeeIt closes, i.e. the wavelength of laser beam two is the wavelength of the laser beam of laser transmitting, therefore, receives laser by photodetector twoBeam two, if the incoming position of laser beam two does not change (i.e. variable quantity is zero), it can be said that the laser beam of bright laser transmittingWavelength remain unchanged, then do not have to the location variation that measures to photodetector one and be modified, if the incidence of laser beam twoPosition changes (i.e. variable quantity is not zero), it can be said that the wavelength of the laser beam of bright laser transmitting is changed.
When testee is according to standard movement direction (rectilinear direction of the testee along laser source laser) operation, laserWhen wavelength change occurs for the laser beam of transmitting, the incoming position variable quantity on photodetector one is determined by two factors, i.e. quiltThe wavelength for the laser beam that the speed of service (size) and laser for surveying object emit, in this embodiment scheme, passes through photodetectionThe incoming position variable quantity that device two measures can measure change in location caused by laser beam wavelength changes and therefore be visited using photoelectricityIt surveys the location variation that the location variation that device two measures measures photodetector one to be modified, laser source hair can be eliminatedInfluence of the wavelength change for the laser beam penetrated to the location variation of photodetector one, and then improve the accuracy of measurement.
Above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited toThis, anyone skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the utility model, can readily occur in variation orReplacement, should be covered within the scope of the utility model.