技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于太阳能热利用领域，涉及一种双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统。The utility model belongs to the field of solar heat utilization, and relates to a dual-temperature zone energy storage and heating type solar water heating system.
背景技术Background technique
随着国民经济迅速发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对普及热水供应并提高热水供应技术的要求越来越迫切，采暖和生活热水的能源需求成为一般民用建筑物能源消耗的重要部分。据电力规划设计总院发布的《中国能源发展报告2016》，2016年一次能源中煤炭消费仍占较大比重，建筑用能同比增长7.0%，在提高现有能源利用率的基础上，开发和利用可再生能源是确保中国能源供需平衡的必要条件。With the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for popularizing hot water supply and improving hot water supply technology are becoming more and more urgent. The energy demand for heating and domestic hot water has become an important part of the energy consumption of general civil buildings. . According to the "China Energy Development Report 2016" issued by the General Institute of Electric Power Planning and Design, coal consumption still accounted for a large proportion of primary energy in 2016, and building energy consumption increased by 7.0% year-on-year. On the basis of improving the utilization rate of existing energy, development and The use of renewable energy is a necessary condition to ensure the balance between China's energy supply and demand.
太阳能是一种可再生清洁能源，《能源发展战略行动计划（2014-2020年）》指出我国可再生能源开发潜力很大，鼓励有条件的地区发展太阳能取暖。目前，太阳能热水器已得到快速发展，但因太阳能本身的不稳定性和间歇性，使其不宜作为供热水系统的唯一热源，需要与辅助加热设备一起使用，增加了能耗。Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source. The "Energy Development Strategic Action Plan (2014-2020)" points out that my country has great potential for the development of renewable energy, and encourages qualified regions to develop solar heating. At present, solar water heaters have been developed rapidly, but due to the instability and intermittent nature of solar energy itself, it is not suitable to be used as the sole heat source of the water supply system. It needs to be used together with auxiliary heating equipment, which increases energy consumption.
热泵节能优势明显，太阳能与热泵联合运行可同时提高太阳能集热效率和热泵的性能系数。但是太阳辐射受各种复杂气象因素的影响强度随时变化，从而导致太阳能热泵系统性能波动大，在阴雨天和日照时间短的冬季，很难实现全天候供热水。而相变蓄能技术可以将白天充足的太阳能储存起来到辐射强度不足时再利用，对系统的稳定性和高效运行起到了重要作用。且利用潜热蓄能，蓄能密度大、相变过程近似等温、温度变化范围小。Heat pumps have obvious energy-saving advantages, and the joint operation of solar energy and heat pumps can simultaneously improve the efficiency of solar heat collection and the coefficient of performance of heat pumps. However, the intensity of solar radiation affected by various complex meteorological factors changes at any time, which leads to large fluctuations in the performance of the solar heat pump system. In rainy days and winters with short sunshine hours, it is difficult to achieve all-weather hot water supply. The phase change energy storage technology can store sufficient solar energy during the day and reuse it when the radiation intensity is insufficient, which plays an important role in the stability and efficient operation of the system. Moreover, the latent heat is used for energy storage, the energy storage density is high, the phase transition process is approximately isothermal, and the temperature range is small.
目前的蓄能型太阳能热泵系统所用蓄能材料只有一个相变点，无法满足冬夏两季太阳辐射强度差异大、集热器内温度不同时的储能需求。集热器、蓄热器、蒸发器分开布置，系统相对复杂，制造成本高，利用载热介质从蓄热器中取出热量作为热泵低位热源，二次传热热损失大，且水系统在冬季夜间有管路冻裂的危险。The energy storage material used in the current energy storage solar heat pump system has only one phase transition point, which cannot meet the energy storage requirements when the solar radiation intensity differs greatly between winter and summer and the temperature in the collector is different. The heat collector, heat accumulator, and evaporator are arranged separately, the system is relatively complicated, and the manufacturing cost is high. The heat transfer medium is used to extract heat from the heat accumulator as the low-level heat source of the heat pump. The heat loss of the secondary heat transfer is large, and the water system is in winter. There is a danger of pipes freezing and cracking at night.
中国专利CN200810020470.9“复合源集热/蓄能/蒸发一体化热泵热水系统”中，热泵蒸发器以U形管形式布置在太阳能真空集热管中，每根蒸发管与太阳能真空集热管中间以相变材料填充构成集热/蓄能/蒸发器，然后和空气源热泵的蒸发器并联，根据太阳辐射可以切换运行模式，但需要全年开启压缩机，系统能耗较高。In the Chinese patent CN200810020470.9 "Composite source heat collection/energy storage/evaporation integrated heat pump hot water system", the heat pump evaporator is arranged in the solar vacuum heat collection tube in the form of a U-shaped tube, and each evaporation tube is in the middle of the solar vacuum heat collection tube The heat collector/energy storage/evaporator is filled with phase change materials, and then connected in parallel with the evaporator of the air source heat pump. The operation mode can be switched according to the solar radiation, but the compressor needs to be turned on all year round, and the system consumes a lot of energy.
中国专利CN201410161999.8“一种全天候运行的高效蓄能型太阳能热泵供热方法”中，利用振荡热管做媒介将集热器中相变材料储存的热量传递给复合换热器，夏季直接加热复合换热器中循环水，冬季热量传递给复合换热器中蒸发器，提高了热泵系统的制热效率，但是复合换热器结构复杂，加工难度大，焊点多而易泄露。In Chinese patent CN201410161999.8 "A high-efficiency energy-storage solar heat pump heating method for all-weather operation", the oscillating heat pipe is used as a medium to transfer the heat stored in the phase change material in the collector to the composite heat exchanger, and the composite heat exchanger is directly heated in summer. The circulating water in the heat exchanger transfers heat to the evaporator in the composite heat exchanger in winter, which improves the heating efficiency of the heat pump system. However, the composite heat exchanger has a complex structure, is difficult to process, and has many solder joints and is easy to leak.
上述两个专利中，冷凝器和水箱均为分开布置，系统占地面积较大，管路多传热损失大，且未考虑到不同季节集热器内温度的不同带来的影响。In the above two patents, the condenser and the water tank are arranged separately, the system occupies a large area, and the heat transfer loss of the pipeline is large, and the influence of the temperature difference in the collector in different seasons is not considered.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有蓄能型太阳能热泵供热系统的缺陷，本实用新型提供一种双温区蓄能、双温区运行模式的太阳能供热系统及方法，目的在于合理有效地利用复合相变蓄能材料实现对太阳能分季节蓄能，并通过重力热管高效传热、热泵循环节能供热，减少传统太阳能热泵系统多级中间换热的热损失及制造成本，优化蓄能型太阳能热泵热水系统的整体性能，实现对太阳能分季节最大化利用。Aiming at the defects of the existing energy-storage solar heat pump heating system, the utility model provides a dual-temperature zone energy storage and dual-temperature zone operation mode solar heating system and method, the purpose of which is to rationally and effectively utilize the composite phase change energy storage The material realizes the seasonal energy storage of solar energy, and through the high-efficiency heat transfer of the gravity heat pipe, the energy-saving heat supply of the heat pump cycle, the heat loss and manufacturing cost of the multi-stage intermediate heat exchange of the traditional solar heat pump system are reduced, and the energy storage type solar heat pump hot water system is optimized. The overall performance can maximize the use of solar energy in different seasons.
为了解决上述问题，本实用新型采用的技术方案如下：In order to solve the above problems, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统，包括储水箱和太阳能反射板，储水箱一端进水，另一端出水，还包括双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器、热泵制冷剂回路和重力热管；储水箱设于双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器上方，双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器包括至少两根太阳能真空集热管，太阳能真空集热管内填充有复合相变蓄能材料；太阳能真空集热管设于太阳能反射板的向阳面；热泵制冷剂回路包括以制冷剂管路依次串联的热泵蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器和电子膨胀阀，热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路以U形管的形式布置在太阳能真空集热管内，并采用并联的方式连接，冷凝器的冷凝管路以环绕的方式布置于储水箱内；重力热管的冷凝段插入储水箱下端，并在连接处做密封处理，重力热管的蒸发段插入太阳能真空集热管内。The dual temperature zone energy storage heating solar water heating system includes a water storage tank and a solar reflector. Heat pipe; the water storage tank is set above the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector, the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector includes at least two solar vacuum heat collection tubes, and the solar vacuum heat collection tubes are filled with composite phase change energy storage materials The solar vacuum heat collector tube is arranged on the sunny side of the solar reflector; the heat pump refrigerant circuit includes a heat pump evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an electronic expansion valve connected in series with the refrigerant pipeline, and the evaporation pipeline of the heat pump evaporator is U Shaped tubes are arranged in the solar vacuum heat collection tubes and connected in parallel. The condensing pipeline of the condenser is arranged in the water storage tank in a surrounding manner; the condensing section of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the lower end of the water storage tank and made at the connection Sealing treatment, the evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the solar vacuum heat collection tube.
储水箱中水的流向与冷凝器内的制冷剂的流向形成逆流传热，且储水箱的热水出水口通过出水阀设于冷凝器进储水箱处的上方，储水箱的冷水进水口通过进水阀设于冷凝器出储水箱处的下方。The flow direction of the water in the water storage tank and the flow direction of the refrigerant in the condenser form countercurrent heat transfer, and the hot water outlet of the water storage tank is set above the place where the condenser enters the water storage tank through the water outlet valve, and the cold water inlet of the water storage tank passes through the inlet The water valve is arranged below the place where the condenser leaves the water storage tank.
重力热管的蒸发段布置在太阳能真空集热管的向阳面，热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路布置在太阳能真空集热管的背阴面。The evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe is arranged on the sunny side of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the evaporation pipeline of the heat pump evaporator is arranged on the shaded side of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube.
太阳能反射板为采用铝、铝合金或不锈钢材料抛光而成的金属板。The solar reflector is a polished metal plate made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
复合相变蓄能材料由高熔点相变材料和低熔点相变材料复合而成，复合相变蓄能材料采用62#石蜡和癸酸或采用62#石蜡和月桂酸。The composite phase change energy storage material is composed of high melting point phase change material and low melting point phase change material. The composite phase change energy storage material uses 62# paraffin and capric acid or 62# paraffin and lauric acid.
冷凝管路的环绕半径为储水箱半径的2/3到3/4之间。The surrounding radius of the condensing pipeline is between 2/3 and 3/4 of the radius of the water storage tank.
储水箱的容积为150L-250L，其外表面裹覆保温层，储水箱的上方设有安全阀，下方设有排污阀。The volume of the water storage tank is 150L-250L, and its outer surface is covered with an insulating layer. The upper part of the water storage tank is provided with a safety valve, and the lower part is provided with a sewage valve.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果在于：利用复合相变蓄能材料实现对太阳能分季节双温区蓄能、供热，高温区时，关闭热泵循环，通过重力热管高效直接传热，低温区时启动热泵循环节能供热，用以提供生活热水或者提供给散热器用来冬季供暖，具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the utility model lies in: using the composite phase change energy storage material to realize the energy storage and heat supply of solar energy in two temperature zones in different seasons; In hot and low temperature areas, start the heat pump to circulate energy-saving heating to provide domestic hot water or provide radiators for heating in winter, which has the following advantages:
（1）分季节最大化利用太阳能：利用复合相变蓄能材料的不同蓄热模式，结合不同的工作模式，夏季，太阳辐射强时，系统切换到高温区蓄能模式和高温区工作模式，复合相变蓄能材料在高相变温区蓄热和释热，系统利用重力热管加热水模式；过渡季节或冬季，太阳辐射弱时，系统切换到低温区蓄热模式和低温区工作模式，复合相变蓄能材料在低相变温区蓄热和释热，重力热管根据储水箱内水温的高低工作或停止工作，同时利用热泵系统辅助加热水模式，克服单一相变材料无法满足不同太阳辐射下不同蓄热要求，对太阳能利用率低的缺点。如低熔点相变材料在夏季蓄热时温度不够高，不能直接加热热水；高熔点相变材料在冬季相变温度过高，作为热泵蒸发器侧低温热源存在品位浪费。(1) Maximize the use of solar energy in different seasons: use different thermal storage modes of composite phase change energy storage materials, combined with different working modes, in summer, when the solar radiation is strong, the system switches to the energy storage mode in the high temperature zone and the working mode in the high temperature zone, The composite phase change energy storage material stores heat and releases heat in the high phase change temperature zone, and the system uses the gravity heat pipe to heat water; in the transitional season or winter, when the solar radiation is weak, the system switches to the low temperature zone heat storage mode and the low temperature zone working mode, The composite phase change energy storage material stores and releases heat in the low phase change temperature zone, and the gravity heat pipe works or stops working according to the water temperature in the water storage tank. Different heat storage requirements under radiation, the disadvantage of low utilization rate of solar energy. For example, the temperature of low-melting point phase-change materials in summer is not high enough to directly heat hot water; the phase-change temperature of high-melting point phase-change materials in winter is too high, and there is a waste of grade as a low-temperature heat source on the side of the heat pump evaporator.
（2）系统能效比更高：夏季直接利用重力热管小温差无动力高效供热，不需启动压缩机，比现有的太阳能热泵系统节能；冬季时启动热泵循环供热，由于相变材料实现对太阳能的集热及移峰填谷，能向热泵蒸发器持续提供相对稳定的热量，减少对太阳辐射强度的依赖性，比现有的太阳能热泵系统性能更稳定，夜间效率更高。(2) The energy efficiency ratio of the system is higher: in summer, the gravity heat pipe is directly used for heat supply with small temperature difference without power and high efficiency, and there is no need to start the compressor, which is more energy-saving than the existing solar heat pump system; The heat collection and peak shifting of solar energy can continuously provide relatively stable heat to the heat pump evaporator, reduce the dependence on the intensity of solar radiation, and have more stable performance and higher nighttime efficiency than the existing solar heat pump system.
（3）装置构造简单更紧凑：热泵蒸发器和重力热管的蒸发段均布置在太阳能真空集热管内，复合相变蓄能材料填充在热泵蒸发器、重力热管的蒸发段与太阳能真空集热管之间，热泵蒸发器或重力热管的蒸发段可直接从复合相变蓄能材料得热，而冷凝器放置在储水箱中可直接放热给储水箱中循环水，减少中间传热环节。水箱放置在双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器上部，重力热管的冷凝段直接插入储水箱下端，占地面积小。(3) The structure of the device is simpler and more compact: the heat pump evaporator and the evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe are arranged in the solar vacuum heat collection tube, and the composite phase change energy storage material is filled between the heat pump evaporator, the gravity heat pipe evaporation section and the solar vacuum heat collection tube The heat pump evaporator or the evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe can directly obtain heat from the composite phase change energy storage material, while the condenser placed in the water storage tank can directly release heat to the circulating water in the water storage tank, reducing the intermediate heat transfer link. The water tank is placed on the upper part of the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector, and the condensation section of the gravity heat pipe is directly inserted into the lower end of the water storage tank, which occupies a small area.
（4）冬季太阳能真空集热管防冻裂防热损失：太阳能真空集热管内是干式传递，冬季不会被冻裂，且重力热管具有单向传热特点，当太阳能真空集热管内的复合相变蓄能材料温度比储水箱的循环水低时，不存在热量的反向传递。(4) Anti-freeze cracking and heat loss prevention of solar vacuum heat collection tubes in winter: The solar vacuum heat collection tubes are dry-transferred, and will not be frozen and cracked in winter, and the gravity heat pipes have the characteristics of one-way heat transfer. When the composite phase in the solar vacuum heat collection tubes When the temperature of the variable energy storage material is lower than that of the circulating water in the storage tank, there is no reverse transfer of heat.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统的结构示意图，Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dual temperature zone energy storage heating type solar water heating system of the present invention,
图2是太阳能真空集热管的结构示意图，Fig. 2 is the structural representation of solar vacuum heat collecting tube,
图3是太阳能真空集热管的横截面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar vacuum heat collecting tube.
其中， 1-双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器、2-重力热管、3-热泵蒸发器、4-压缩机、5-循环水出水阀、6-冷凝器、7-储水箱、8-循环水进水阀、9-电子膨胀阀、10-制冷剂管路、11-太阳能反射板、12-太阳能真空集热管、13-复合相变蓄能材料。Among them, 1-dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector, 2-gravity heat pipe, 3-heat pump evaporator, 4-compressor, 5-circulating water outlet valve, 6-condenser, 7-water storage tank, 8- Circulating water inlet valve, 9-electronic expansion valve, 10-refrigerant pipeline, 11-solar reflection plate, 12-solar vacuum heat collecting tube, 13-composite phase change energy storage material.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.
图中包括以下部件：1-双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器、2-重力热管、3-热泵蒸发器、4-压缩机、5-循环水出水阀、6-冷凝器、7-储水箱、8-循环水进水阀、9-电子膨胀阀、10-制冷剂管路、11-太阳能反射板、12-太阳能真空集热管和13-复合相变蓄能材料。The figure includes the following components: 1-dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector, 2-gravity heat pipe, 3-heat pump evaporator, 4-compressor, 5-circulating water outlet valve, 6-condenser, 7-storage Water tank, 8-circulating water inlet valve, 9-electronic expansion valve, 10-refrigerant pipeline, 11-solar reflection plate, 12-solar vacuum heat collecting tube and 13-composite phase change energy storage material.
如图1-3所示，双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统，包括储水箱和太阳能反射板，储水箱一端进水，另一端出水，还包括双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器、热泵制冷剂回路和重力热管；储水箱设于双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器上方，双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器包括至少两根太阳能真空集热管，太阳能真空集热管内填充有复合相变蓄能材料；太阳能真空集热管设于太阳能反射板的向阳面；热泵制冷剂回路包括以制冷剂管路依次串联的热泵蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器和电子膨胀阀，热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路以U形管的形式布置在太阳能真空集热管内，并采用并联的方式连接，冷凝器的冷凝管路以环绕的方式布置于储水箱内；重力热管的冷凝段插入储水箱下端，并在连接处做密封处理，重力热管的蒸发段插入太阳能真空集热管内。As shown in Figure 1-3, the dual temperature zone energy storage heating type solar hot water system includes a water storage tank and a solar reflector. heat pump refrigerant circuit and gravity heat pipe; the water storage tank is set above the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector, and the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector includes at least two solar vacuum heat collecting tubes, and the solar vacuum heat collecting tubes It is filled with composite phase change energy storage materials; the solar vacuum heat collection tube is set on the sunny side of the solar reflection plate; the heat pump refrigerant circuit includes a heat pump evaporator, compressor, condenser and electronic expansion valve connected in series with refrigerant pipelines, and the heat pump The evaporation pipeline of the evaporator is arranged in the form of a U-shaped tube in the solar vacuum heat collection tube, and is connected in parallel; the condensing pipeline of the condenser is arranged in a surrounding manner in the water storage tank; the condensation section of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the storage tank The lower end of the water tank is sealed at the connection, and the evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the solar vacuum heat collection pipe.
储水箱中水的流向与冷凝器内的制冷剂的流向形成逆流传热，且储水箱的热水出水口通过出水阀设于冷凝器进储水箱处的上方，储水箱的冷水进水口通过进水阀设于冷凝器出储水箱处的下方。The flow direction of the water in the water storage tank and the flow direction of the refrigerant in the condenser form countercurrent heat transfer, and the hot water outlet of the water storage tank is set above the place where the condenser enters the water storage tank through the water outlet valve, and the cold water inlet of the water storage tank passes through the inlet The water valve is arranged below the place where the condenser leaves the water storage tank.
重力热管的蒸发段布置在太阳能真空集热管的向阳面，热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路布置在太阳能真空集热管的背阴面。The evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe is arranged on the sunny side of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the evaporation pipeline of the heat pump evaporator is arranged on the shaded side of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube.
太阳能反射板为采用铝、铝合金或不锈钢材料抛光而成的金属板，用来将太阳光反射到太阳能真空集热管背阴面，增加太阳能真空集热管对太阳辐射的吸收面积。The solar reflector is a polished metal plate made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel, which is used to reflect sunlight to the shaded side of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube and increase the absorption area of the solar vacuum heat collecting tube for solar radiation.
复合相变蓄能材料由高熔点相变材料和低熔点相变材料复合而成，复合相变蓄能材料采用62#石蜡和癸酸或采用62#石蜡和月桂酸，等。The composite phase change energy storage material is composed of high melting point phase change material and low melting point phase change material. The composite phase change energy storage material uses 62# paraffin and capric acid or 62# paraffin and lauric acid, etc.
复合相变蓄能材料根据不同季节分高温区蓄热模式和低温区蓄热模式，高温区蓄热模式时复合相变蓄能材料在高相变温区蓄能和释能，低温区蓄热模式时复合相变蓄能材料在低相变温区蓄能和释能，具体过程如下：According to different seasons, composite phase change energy storage materials can be divided into heat storage mode in high temperature zone and heat storage mode in low temperature zone. In high temperature zone heat storage mode, composite phase change energy storage material stores and releases energy in high phase change temperature zone, and heat storage in low temperature zone. In the mode, the composite phase change energy storage material stores and releases energy in the low phase change temperature region, and the specific process is as follows:
（1）高温区蓄热模式：夏季时，太阳辐射充足，双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器内温度高，高熔点相变材料先以固态显热蓄热，达到相变温度后继续以潜热形式蓄热；而低熔点相变材料先以固态显热蓄热，达到相变温度后利用潜热蓄热，相变完成后继续以液态显热蓄热；夜间复合相变蓄能材料释能时稳定在高相变温区；(1) Heat storage mode in high temperature zone: In summer, when the solar radiation is sufficient, the temperature inside the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector is high, and the high melting point phase change material first stores heat with solid sensible heat, and continues to Latent heat storage; and low-melting point phase change materials first store heat with solid sensible heat, and use latent heat to store heat after reaching the phase change temperature, and continue to store heat with liquid sensible heat after the phase change is completed; composite phase change energy storage materials release energy at night stable in the high phase transition temperature region;
（2）低温区蓄热模式：过渡季节或冬季时，太阳辐射不足，双温区蓄能型太阳能集热器内温度低，达不到高熔点相变材料的相变温度，高熔点相变材料始终以固态显热形式蓄热，未发生相变；低熔点相变材料分别以固态显热、相变潜热储存太阳能，夜间复合相变蓄能材料释能时稳定在低相变温区。(2) Heat storage mode in low temperature zone: In the transitional season or winter, the solar radiation is insufficient, and the temperature inside the dual temperature zone energy storage solar collector is low, which cannot reach the phase transition temperature of the high melting point phase change material, and the high melting point phase change The material always stores heat in the form of solid-state sensible heat without phase change; the low-melting point phase-change material stores solar energy with solid-state sensible heat and phase-change latent heat respectively, and the composite phase-change energy storage material is stable in the low phase-change temperature zone when it releases energy at night.
冷凝管路的环绕半径为储水箱半径的2/3到3/4之间。The surrounding radius of the condensing pipeline is between 2/3 and 3/4 of the radius of the water storage tank.
储水箱的容积为150L-250L，其外表面裹覆保温层，储水箱的上方设有安全阀，下方设有排污阀。The volume of the water storage tank is 150L-250L, and its outer surface is covered with an insulating layer. The upper part of the water storage tank is provided with a safety valve, and the lower part is provided with a sewage valve.
双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统的工作方法，双温区蓄能供热型太阳能热水系统的工作方法包括高温区工作模式和低温区工作模式，按重力热管的热管工质循环和热泵的制冷剂循环，具体过程如下：The working method of the dual temperature zone energy storage heating type solar water heating system, the working method of the dual temperature zone energy storage heating type solar water heating system includes the high temperature zone working mode and the low temperature zone working mode, according to the heat pipe working fluid circulation of the gravity heat pipe And the refrigerant cycle of the heat pump, the specific process is as follows:
（1）高温区工作模式(1) Working mode in high temperature zone
夏季时，关闭压缩机，热泵制冷剂回路停止工作，只有重力热管在工作；In summer, the compressor is turned off, the heat pump refrigerant circuit stops working, and only the gravity heat pipe is working;
热管工质循环：太阳能真空集热管中的复合相变蓄能材料在高温相变温区蓄能和释能，传递的瞬时太阳能或者白天储存夜间放出的热量足够多，重力热管的蒸发段吸收这部分能量后，热管工质吸热汽化进入重力热管的冷凝段，随后在冷凝段放热，热管工质释放的热量直接加热储水箱中的水，冷凝后的热管工质在重力作用下返回蒸发段继续吸收复合相变蓄能材料的热量，如此循环往复完成热管工质循环；Heat pipe working medium cycle: The composite phase change energy storage material in the solar vacuum heat collector tube stores and releases energy in the high temperature phase change temperature zone, and the instantaneous solar energy transmitted or the heat released during the day and stored at night is sufficient, and the evaporation section of the gravity heat pipe absorbs this energy. After part of the energy, the heat pipe working medium absorbs heat and vaporizes into the condensation section of the gravity heat pipe, and then releases heat in the condensation section. The heat released by the heat pipe working medium directly heats the water in the water storage tank, and the condensed heat pipe working medium returns to evaporation under the action of gravity The section continues to absorb the heat of the composite phase change energy storage material, so that the circulation of the heat pipe working medium is completed in such a cycle;
（2）低温区工作模式(2) Low temperature zone working mode
过渡季节及冬季时，重力热管和热泵制冷剂回路同时工作；During the transition season and winter, the gravity heat pipe and the heat pump refrigerant circuit work simultaneously;
热管工质循环：太阳能真空集热管中的复合相变蓄能材料在低温相变温区蓄能和释能，复合相变蓄能材料温度高于储水箱内的循环水温时，重力热管将复合相变蓄能材料传递的或者白天储存夜间放出的一部分热量传给储水箱中的循环水；复合相变蓄能材料温度低于储水箱内的循环水温时，重力热管工质循环停止，且不进行反向传热；Heat pipe working fluid cycle: the composite phase change energy storage material in the solar vacuum heat collector tube stores and releases energy in the low temperature phase change temperature zone. When the temperature of the composite phase change energy storage material is higher than the circulating water temperature in the storage tank, the gravity heat pipe will recombine Part of the heat transferred by the phase-change energy storage material or stored during the day and released at night is transferred to the circulating water in the water storage tank; when the temperature of the composite phase-change energy storage material is lower than the temperature of the circulating water in the water storage tank, the circulation of the working fluid in the gravity heat pipe stops and does not carry out reverse heat transfer;
热泵的制冷剂循环：布置在太阳能真空集热管内的热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路中的制冷剂得到复合相变蓄能材料传递或释放的热量后汽化成制冷剂蒸气，制冷剂蒸气经压缩机加压后进入冷凝器，冷凝器中制冷剂蒸气释放热量直接加热储水箱中的循环水，制冷剂蒸气放出热量后冷却凝结为制冷剂液体，制冷剂液体通过电子膨胀阀节流降压，再进入热泵蒸发器的蒸发管路中，继续吸收来自复合相变蓄能材料的热量，如此周而复始完成热泵制冷剂循环。Refrigerant cycle of heat pump: The refrigerant in the evaporation pipeline of the heat pump evaporator arranged in the solar vacuum heat collection tube is vaporized into refrigerant vapor after receiving the heat transferred or released by the composite phase change energy storage material, and the refrigerant vapor passes through the compressor After being pressurized, it enters the condenser. The refrigerant vapor in the condenser releases heat to directly heat the circulating water in the water storage tank. After the refrigerant vapor releases heat, it cools and condenses into refrigerant liquid. The refrigerant liquid is throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve, and then Entering the evaporation pipeline of the heat pump evaporator, it continues to absorb the heat from the composite phase change energy storage material, and completes the heat pump refrigerant cycle in this way.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的优选例实施方式，并不构成对本实用新型保护范围的限定。任何在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的权利要求保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and do not constitute a limitation to the protection scope of the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820376299.4UCN208222868U (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2018-03-20 | Dual temperature area storing energy and supplying hot type solar water heating system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820376299.4UCN208222868U (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2018-03-20 | Dual temperature area storing energy and supplying hot type solar water heating system |
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| CN208222868Utrue CN208222868U (en) | 2018-12-11 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201820376299.4UActiveCN208222868U (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2018-03-20 | Dual temperature area storing energy and supplying hot type solar water heating system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108458493A (en)* | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-28 | 南京师范大学 | Dual temperature area storing energy and supplying hot type solar water heating system and its working method |
| CN111795506A (en)* | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-20 | 山东力诺瑞特新能源有限公司 | A collector tube unit and a collector temperature control phase change capacity-enhancing solar water heating system |
| CN113237245A (en)* | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 江西汇恒盛世能源科技有限责任公司 | Photovoltaic phase change energy storage cascade heat pump |
| CN113790536A (en)* | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-14 | 上海电力大学 | A gravitational heat pipe type solar heat collection-radiation refrigeration composite heat collection device |
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| CN108458493A (en)* | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-28 | 南京师范大学 | Dual temperature area storing energy and supplying hot type solar water heating system and its working method |
| CN108458493B (en)* | 2018-03-20 | 2024-04-09 | 南京师范大学 | Dual-temperature zone energy storage heating type solar water heating system and working method thereof |
| CN111795506A (en)* | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-20 | 山东力诺瑞特新能源有限公司 | A collector tube unit and a collector temperature control phase change capacity-enhancing solar water heating system |
| CN113237245A (en)* | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-10 | 江西汇恒盛世能源科技有限责任公司 | Photovoltaic phase change energy storage cascade heat pump |
| CN113790536A (en)* | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-14 | 上海电力大学 | A gravitational heat pipe type solar heat collection-radiation refrigeration composite heat collection device |
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