技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及测试设备技术领域，特别涉及一种摆动摩擦疲劳试验机。The utility model relates to the technical field of testing equipment, in particular to an oscillating friction fatigue testing machine.
背景技术Background technique
自润滑衬垫由摩擦系数较低的材料制成，通常设置于关节轴承、导弹的导向机构以及其他一些转动部件中，起到减小摩擦延长部件使用寿命的作用，自润滑衬垫的性能是影响此类转动部件使用寿命的重要因素，自润滑衬垫的性能通常由试验机测试得到。Self-lubricating liners are made of materials with a low friction coefficient, and are usually installed in joint bearings, missile guide mechanisms and other rotating parts to reduce friction and prolong the service life of components. The performance of self-lubricating liners is An important factor affecting the service life of such rotating parts, the performance of self-lubricating gaskets is usually tested by testing machines.
要准确测试自润滑衬垫的使用寿命就要深入研究此类转动部件的运动形式。以关节轴承为例，关节轴承是一种球面轴承，其能够实现任意方向的转动，关节轴承由带有内球面的外圈和带有外球面的内圈构成，在转动过程中外圈与内圈间存在滑动摩擦，自润滑衬垫设置于内圈和外圈之间。关节轴承常见的运动有摆动、旋转和倾斜运动等，在关节轴承运动的过程中，自润滑衬垫通常因受力不均而发生损坏，其他转动部件与关节轴承的运动形式类似。In order to accurately test the service life of self-lubricating liners, it is necessary to study the motion patterns of such rotating parts in depth. Take the joint bearing as an example, the joint bearing is a kind of spherical bearing, which can realize rotation in any direction. The joint bearing is composed of an outer ring with an inner spherical surface and an inner ring with an outer spherical surface. During the rotation process, the outer ring and the inner ring There is sliding friction between them, and the self-lubricating liner is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring. Common motions of joint bearings include swinging, rotating and tilting motions, etc. During the movement of joint bearings, self-lubricating liners are usually damaged due to uneven force, and other rotating parts are similar to joint bearings.
现有技术中的试验机大多通过旋转模拟关节轴承的运动，其缺点在于自润滑衬垫在测试过程中受到均匀的摩擦力作用，与自润滑衬垫在实际使用中的受力不符，进而导致测试结果不准确。Most of the testing machines in the prior art simulate the motion of joint bearings by rotating. The disadvantage is that the self-lubricating liner is subjected to uniform friction force during the test, which does not match the force of the self-lubricating liner in actual use, which leads to The test results are inaccurate.
因此，如何提高试验机测试结果的准确性是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of the test results of the testing machine is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种摆动摩擦疲劳试验机，其能够模拟自润滑衬垫在使用过程中的受力状况，测试结果准确性高。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a oscillating friction fatigue testing machine, which can simulate the stress condition of the self-lubricating liner during use, and the accuracy of the test result is high.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型提供一种摆动摩擦疲劳试验机，包括试验机框架，所述试验机框架包括水平设置的加载平台，所述加载平台设有用以承载试样的第一承载机构，所述试验机框架还设有摆动机构，所述摆动机构与摆杆机构相连，所述摆杆机构下部连有摩擦部、且能够带动所述摩擦部转动以摩擦所述第一承载机构上的试样，所述试验机框架还包括能够推动所述加载平台移动以改变所述第一承载机构与所述摩擦部之间载荷的升降机构。In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a swing friction fatigue testing machine, including a testing machine frame, the testing machine frame includes a horizontally arranged loading platform, and the loading platform is provided with a first bearing mechanism for carrying samples, The testing machine frame is also provided with a swing mechanism, the swing mechanism is connected with the swing mechanism, and the lower part of the swing mechanism is connected with a friction part, and can drive the friction part to rotate to rub the friction part on the first bearing mechanism. For the sample, the testing machine frame further includes a lifting mechanism capable of pushing the loading platform to move to change the load between the first bearing mechanism and the friction part.
优选地，所述摩擦部具有用以摩擦试样的球面，所述第一承载机构设有用以与所述球面配合的第一腔体，试样放置于所述第一腔体中。Preferably, the friction part has a spherical surface for rubbing the sample, the first bearing mechanism is provided with a first cavity for cooperating with the spherical surface, and the sample is placed in the first cavity.
优选地，所述试验机框架还设有上端工作台，所述上端工作台设有第二承载机构，所述第二承载机构具有方向朝下的第二腔体，所述摩擦部位于所述第一承载机构和所述第二承载机构之间。Preferably, the testing machine frame is also provided with an upper workbench, and the upper end workbench is provided with a second carrying mechanism, the second carrying mechanism has a second cavity facing downward, and the friction part is located on the Between the first carrying mechanism and the second carrying mechanism.
优选地，所述试验机框架沿竖直方向设有立柱，所述上端工作台固定于所述立柱上部，所述加载平台与所述立柱滑动连接。Preferably, the frame of the testing machine is provided with a column along the vertical direction, the upper workbench is fixed on the upper part of the column, and the loading platform is slidably connected to the column.
优选地，所述摆动机构包括摆动杆、伸缩机构以及转动支架，Preferably, the swing mechanism includes a swing rod, a telescopic mechanism and a rotating bracket,
所述伸缩机构与所述试验机框架铰接，所述伸缩机构的伸缩端与所述转动支架铰接；The telescopic mechanism is hinged to the testing machine frame, and the telescopic end of the telescopic mechanism is hinged to the rotating bracket;
所述转动支架还分别与所述试验机框架和所述摆动杆铰接；The rotating bracket is also hinged to the testing machine frame and the swing rod respectively;
所述摆动杆的一端与所述摆杆机构通过关节轴承相连，所述摆动杆的另一端与所述转动支架通过摆动端轴承机构铰接、以使所述摆动杆能够在竖直平面内转动，所述摆动端轴承机构与所述转动支架间还设有转动部装，所述转动部装能够使所述摆动杆绕其与所述转动支架的连接点转动；One end of the swing rod is connected to the swing rod mechanism through a joint bearing, and the other end of the swing rod is hinged to the rotating bracket through a swing end bearing mechanism so that the swing rod can rotate in a vertical plane, There is also a rotating part installed between the swing end bearing mechanism and the rotating bracket, and the rotating part can make the swing rod rotate around its connection point with the rotating bracket;
所述试验机框架设有两套所述摆动机构，两套所述摆动机构的摆动杆均与所述摆杆机构相连，两所述摆动杆之间具有预设角度。The testing machine frame is provided with two sets of the swing mechanism, the swing rods of the two swing mechanisms are connected with the swing rod mechanism, and there is a preset angle between the two swing rods.
优选地，所述摆动端轴承机构包括第一端和第二端，所述第一端与所述摆动杆连接，所述第二端与所述转动部装铰接。Preferably, the swing end bearing mechanism includes a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to the swing rod, and the second end is hinged to the rotating part.
优选地，所述转动部装包括Y型的部装本体，所述部装本体上部设有用以与所述第二端铰接的铰接孔，所述部装本体下部呈圆柱状，所述部装本体外周设有转动承座，所述转动承座与所述转动支架固定连接。Preferably, the rotating part includes a Y-shaped part body, the upper part of the part part body is provided with a hinge hole for hinged connection with the second end, the lower part of the part part body is cylindrical, and the part part body A rotating seat is provided on the outer periphery of the body, and the rotating seat is fixedly connected with the rotating bracket.
优选地，所述加载平台与所述升降机构之间设有用以测量试样载荷的轴向负荷传感器，所述轴向负荷传感器上部设有轴向传感器连接盘，所述轴向传感器连接盘通过锥形加载盘支撑所述加载平台。Preferably, an axial load sensor for measuring the sample load is provided between the loading platform and the lifting mechanism, and an axial sensor connection plate is provided on the upper part of the axial load sensor, and the axial sensor connection plate passes through A conical loading plate supports the loading platform.
优选地，所述摆动杆与所述转动支架间设有摆动负荷传感器，所述摆动负荷传感器与通过摆动传感器连接盘与所述摆动端轴承机构相连。Preferably, a swing load sensor is provided between the swing rod and the rotating bracket, and the swing load sensor is connected to the swing end bearing mechanism through a swing sensor connection plate.
优选地，还包括与所述伸缩机构和所述升降机构相连、用以控制试样的载荷以及摆动模式的控制装置。Preferably, it also includes a control device connected with the telescoping mechanism and the lifting mechanism to control the load and swing mode of the sample.
本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机通过第一承载机构模拟关节轴承的外圈，通过摩擦部模拟关节轴承的内圈，试样设置于第一承载机构上，通过摩擦部对试样进行摩擦，升降部调节加载平台的高度，进而调整试样上所受载荷的大小。The swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model simulates the outer ring of the joint bearing through the first bearing mechanism, and simulates the inner ring of the joint bearing through the friction part. The sample is arranged on the first bearing mechanism, and the sample is tested through the friction part. Friction, the lifting part adjusts the height of the loading platform, and then adjusts the size of the load on the sample.
摆动机构通过摆杆机构推动摩擦部转动模拟关节轴承的运动，摩擦部转动的过程与关节轴承的实际运动过程相似，也包括摆动、旋转和倾斜运动等。在测试过程中，摩擦部与第一承载机构的部分接触点处受力较为集中，这与试样在实际工作中的受力情况相同，从而确保了试样的测试结果准确可靠。The swing mechanism pushes the friction part to rotate through the swing rod mechanism to simulate the movement of the joint bearing. The process of the rotation of the friction part is similar to the actual movement process of the joint bearing, including swing, rotation and tilting movements. During the test process, the force on the contact point between the friction part and the first bearing mechanism is relatively concentrated, which is the same as the force on the sample in actual work, thus ensuring that the test result of the sample is accurate and reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description It is only an embodiment of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model;
图2为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的侧视图；Fig. 2 is the side view of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model;
图3为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的俯视图；Fig. 3 is the top view of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model;
图4为图1中摩擦部的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the friction part in Fig. 1;
图5为图1中加载平台的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the loading platform in Fig. 1;
图6为图1中摆杆机构的结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the pendulum mechanism in Fig. 1;
图7为图1中摆动端轴承机构的结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the swing end bearing mechanism in Fig. 1;
图8为图1中摆动端轴承机构连接环的剖视图；Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the connecting ring of the swing end bearing mechanism in Fig. 1;
图9为图1中转动部装的结构示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the rotating part in Fig. 1;
图10为图1中转轴轴承座的结构示意图。Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the shaft bearing seat in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本实用新型方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the utility model, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
请参考图1至图10，图1为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的结构示意图；图2为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的侧视图；图3为本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机的俯视图；图4为图1中摩擦部的结构示意图；图5为图1中加载平台的结构示意图；图6为图1中摆杆机构的结构示意图；图7为图1中摆动端轴承机构的结构示意图；图8为图1中摆动端轴承机构连接环的剖视图；图9为图1中转动部装的结构示意图；图10为图1中转轴轴承座的结构示意图。Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 10, Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model; Fig. 2 is the side view of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model; Fig. 3 is the utility model The top view of the swing friction fatigue testing machine provided; Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the friction part in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the loading platform in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the swing bar mechanism in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the swing end bearing mechanism; Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting ring of the swing end bearing mechanism in Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating part in Fig. 1; Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft bearing seat in Fig. 1 Schematic.
本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机包括试验机框架1，如图1至图3所示，试验机框架1设有加载平台2和摆动机构3，测试过程中试样固定在加载平台2的第一承载机构21上；摆动机构3与摆杆机构4相连，摆杆机构4下部连有摩擦部5，摩擦部5与试样接触，摆动机构3通过摆杆机构4带动摩擦部5转动，使摩擦部5摩擦第一承载机构21上的试样，试验机框架1还设有升降机构22，升降机构22能够推动加载平台2移动，从而改变第一承载机构21与摩擦部5之间的试样所承受的载荷。The swing friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model includes a testing machine frame 1, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the testing machine frame 1 is provided with a loading platform 2 and a swing mechanism 3, and the sample is fixed on the loading platform 2 during the test on the first bearing mechanism 21; the swing mechanism 3 is connected with the swing mechanism 4, and the lower part of the swing mechanism 4 is connected with a friction part 5, and the friction part 5 is in contact with the sample, and the swing mechanism 3 drives the friction part 5 to rotate through the swing mechanism 4 , so that the friction part 5 rubs against the sample on the first carrying mechanism 21, and the testing machine frame 1 is also provided with a lifting mechanism 22, which can push the loading platform 2 to move, thereby changing the distance between the first carrying mechanism 21 and the friction part 5. The load borne by the sample.
第一承载机构21能够与摩擦部5相贴合，从而对试样施加载荷，第一承载机构21模拟关节轴承的外圈，摩擦部5模拟关节轴承的内圈，如图4所示，摩擦部5可呈球状或外表面具有球面51，第一承载机构21具有第一腔体210，第一腔体210具有与球面51配合的内球面，在摩擦部5运动的过程中第一承载机构21能够对摩擦部5施加水平方向的分力，使摩擦部5只发生转动而不发生水平方向的平动。The first bearing mechanism 21 can be attached to the friction part 5, thereby applying a load to the sample. The first bearing mechanism 21 simulates the outer ring of the joint bearing, and the friction part 5 simulates the inner ring of the joint bearing. As shown in FIG. 4, the friction The part 5 can be spherical or have a spherical surface 51 on the outer surface. The first carrying mechanism 21 has a first cavity 210. The first cavity 210 has an inner spherical surface matching the spherical surface 51. During the movement of the friction part 5, the first carrying mechanism 21 can apply a component force in the horizontal direction to the friction part 5, so that the friction part 5 only rotates without translation in the horizontal direction.
摩擦部5与摆杆机构4可通过焊接、销接或螺纹连接等方式相连，由于试样在不同尺寸的关节轴承中的使用寿命往往相差较大，试样的摩擦疲劳需要针对不同尺寸的关节轴承进行测试，所以摆动摩擦疲劳试验机需要更换不同尺寸的摩擦部5。为了方便更换，摩擦部5与摆杆机构4间多采用螺纹连接等可拆卸的连接方式。具体的，摩擦部5中设有安装孔，安装孔具有内螺纹，摆杆机构4下部具有外螺纹，通过内外螺纹相互配合进行连接；显然为了与摩擦部5相配合，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机也能够安装不同尺寸的第一承载机构21，因此第一承载机构21与加载平台2也通常采用螺栓连接等可拆卸的连接方式。The friction part 5 and the pendulum mechanism 4 can be connected by welding, pin connection or screw connection, etc. Since the service life of the samples in joint bearings of different sizes is often quite different, the friction fatigue of the samples needs to be specific to joints of different sizes. Bearings are tested, so the oscillating friction fatigue testing machine needs to replace the friction part 5 with a different size. In order to facilitate the replacement, the friction part 5 and the pendulum mechanism 4 usually adopt detachable connection methods such as threaded connection. Specifically, the friction part 5 is provided with a mounting hole, the mounting hole has an internal thread, and the lower part of the pendulum mechanism 4 has an external thread, which is connected through the cooperation of the internal and external threads; obviously in order to cooperate with the friction part 5, the swing friction fatigue testing machine also The first carrying mechanism 21 of different sizes can be installed, so the first carrying mechanism 21 and the loading platform 2 are also generally connected in a detachable manner such as bolt connection.
摆杆机构4沿竖直方向设置，摩擦部5安装于摆杆机构4的下部，摆动机构3能够推动摆杆机构4摆动，进而使摆杆机构4带动摩擦部5在第一承载机构21中转动，显然摆杆机构4是围绕摩球面51的球心摆动。摆动机构3与摆杆机构4的上部相连，在运动的过程中摆动机构3与摆杆机构4间的夹角不断变化，因此摆动机构3与摆杆机构4可通过关节轴承相连。The swing link mechanism 4 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the friction part 5 is installed on the bottom of the swing link mechanism 4. The swing mechanism 3 can push the swing link mechanism 4 to swing, and then the swing link mechanism 4 drives the friction part 5 in the first bearing mechanism 21. Rotate, obviously the pendulum mechanism 4 swings around the center of the spherical surface 51. The swing mechanism 3 is connected to the upper part of the swing mechanism 4, and the angle between the swing mechanism 3 and the swing mechanism 4 is constantly changing during the movement, so the swing mechanism 3 and the swing mechanism 4 can be connected through joint bearings.
摆动机构3需要沿X轴方向和Y轴方向推动摆杆机构4，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机可通过单独的摆动机构3推动摆杆机构4，此时摆动机构3可包括摆动部件和伸缩部件，通过摆动部件推动摆杆机构4产生X轴方向的移动，通过伸缩部件推动摆杆机构4产生Y轴方向的移动，摆动部件可具体为液压摆动马达，伸缩部件可具体为液压缸；摆动摩擦疲劳试验机还可以通过两套摆杆机构4分别从两个方向推动摆杆机构4，通过二者运动的叠加，模拟关节轴承在实际工作中内圈连接的部件的运动形式，具体的摆杆机构4可包括两个液压缸，分别从X轴方向和Y轴方向推动摆杆机构4。当然用户也可根据需要选用其他结构的摆动机构3，在此不做限定。The swing mechanism 3 needs to push the swing rod mechanism 4 along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The swing friction fatigue testing machine can push the swing rod mechanism 4 through a separate swing mechanism 3. At this time, the swing mechanism 3 can include swing parts and telescopic parts. The swing part pushes the swing rod mechanism 4 to move in the X-axis direction, and the swing rod mechanism 4 is pushed to move in the Y-axis direction through the telescopic part. The swing part can be specifically a hydraulic swing motor, and the telescopic part can be specifically a hydraulic cylinder; the swing friction fatigue test The machine can also push the swing link mechanism 4 from two directions through two sets of swing link mechanisms 4, through the superposition of the two motions, simulate the movement form of the joint bearing in the actual work of the inner ring connected parts, the specific swing link mechanism 4 Two hydraulic cylinders may be included to push the swing link mechanism 4 from the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction respectively. Of course, the user can also choose other structures of the swing mechanism 3 according to needs, which is not limited here.
升降机构22能够推动加载平台2上下移动，同时带动第一承载机构21上下移动，进而改变试样所承受的载荷，升降机构22可具体为轴向加载油缸，轴向加载油缸沿竖直方向设置，其活塞与加载平台2固定连接，活塞伸缩时会带动加载平台2上下移动，当然用户也可以根据需要采用气缸或电动伸缩杆作为升降机构22，在此不做限定。The lifting mechanism 22 can push the loading platform 2 to move up and down, and at the same time drive the first bearing mechanism 21 to move up and down, thereby changing the load borne by the sample. The lifting mechanism 22 can be specifically an axial loading oil cylinder, and the axial loading oil cylinder is arranged along the vertical direction , its piston is fixedly connected with the loading platform 2, and when the piston stretches, it will drive the loading platform 2 to move up and down. Of course, the user can also use a cylinder or an electric telescopic rod as the lifting mechanism 22, which is not limited here.
本实施例中，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机设有摆动机构3，摆动机构3通过摆杆机构4推动摩擦部5摩擦第一承载机构21上的试样，测试自润滑衬垫试样的摩擦疲劳，测试过程中摆动摩擦疲劳试验机能够模拟关节轴承在实际工作过程中的受力状况，使测试结果更加准确；另外摩擦部5与摆杆机构4之间，以及第一承载机构21与加载平台2之间均采用可拆卸的连接方式，方便更换摩擦部5与第一承载机构21，使摆动摩擦疲劳试验机能够测试试样在不同尺寸的关节轴承中的使用寿命。In this embodiment, the swing friction fatigue testing machine is provided with a swing mechanism 3, and the swing mechanism 3 pushes the friction part 5 to rub the sample on the first bearing mechanism 21 through the swing rod mechanism 4 to test the friction fatigue of the self-lubricating liner sample, During the test, the swing friction fatigue testing machine can simulate the force condition of the joint bearing in the actual working process, so that the test results are more accurate; A detachable connection is adopted between them, which is convenient for replacing the friction part 5 and the first bearing mechanism 21, so that the oscillating friction fatigue testing machine can test the service life of samples in joint bearings of different sizes.
为提高测试效率，试验机框架1还可在摩擦部5的上方设置上端工作台6，上端工作台6设有第二承载机构61，第二承载机构61具有方向朝下的第二腔体610，第二腔体610也具有与摩擦部5的球面51配合的内球面，试样可通过黏贴等方式固定在第二腔体610中，摩擦部5位于第一承载机构21和第二承载机构61之间，当摩擦部5转动时，能够同时摩擦第一承载机构21和第二承载机构61中的试样。In order to improve the test efficiency, the testing machine frame 1 can also be provided with an upper end table 6 above the friction part 5, and the upper end table 6 is provided with a second carrying mechanism 61, and the second carrying mechanism 61 has a second cavity 610 facing downwards. , the second cavity 610 also has an inner spherical surface that matches the spherical surface 51 of the friction part 5, and the sample can be fixed in the second cavity 610 by pasting or other means. The friction part 5 is located between the first bearing mechanism 21 and the second bearing mechanism. Between the mechanisms 61, when the friction part 5 rotates, it can rub the samples in the first carrying mechanism 21 and the second carrying mechanism 61 at the same time.
上端工作台6和第二承载机构61均设有贯穿厚度方向的通孔，如图3所示，通孔的轴线经过球面51的球心，摆杆机构4穿过通孔与摩擦部5相连，通孔与摆杆机构4间设有预留间隙，避免摆杆机构4在摆动的过程中与通孔侧壁发生碰撞，通孔外周还可设置波纹套管62，波纹套管62的下端与上端工作平台6相连，上端与摆杆机构4相连，波纹套管62能够起到吸收冲击力，避免灰尘落入摆杆机构4等作用。由于关节轴承也设有贯穿轴向的过孔，第二承载机构61设置通孔不会影响测试的结果，当然第一承载机构21也可设置同样的通孔。Both the upper workbench 6 and the second carrying mechanism 61 are provided with a through hole penetrating through the thickness direction. As shown in FIG. , there is a reserved gap between the through hole and the pendulum mechanism 4 to prevent the pendulum mechanism 4 from colliding with the side wall of the through hole during the swing process, and a corrugated sleeve 62 can also be arranged on the outer periphery of the through hole, and the lower end of the corrugated sleeve 62 It is connected with the upper working platform 6, and the upper end is connected with the pendulum mechanism 4. The corrugated sleeve 62 can absorb impact force and prevent dust from falling into the pendulum mechanism 4, etc. Since the joint bearing is also provided with a through hole extending through the axial direction, the setting of the through hole in the second carrying mechanism 61 will not affect the test result. Of course, the first carrying mechanism 21 can also be provided with the same through hole.
试验机框架1设有立柱7，通过立柱7支撑上端工作台6，立柱7的数量通常为两根或两根以上，加载平台2位于立柱7之间，在升降机构22的推动下能够沿立柱7上下滑动。The frame 1 of the testing machine is provided with uprights 7 through which the upper workbench 6 is supported. The number of uprights 7 is usually two or more. 7 Swipe up and down.
立柱7的上部具有方向朝上的台阶面，上端工作台6具有与立柱7位置相对应的安装孔，台阶面与安装孔的外周相抵，立柱7上端还设有立柱锁母71固定上端工作台6的位置；加载平台2包括加载板，加载板设有筒状的连接部23，连接部23包括筒状套体231，筒状套体231套设于立柱7的外周，连接部23的内侧边壁设有自润滑轴承232减小连接部23与立柱7间的摩擦阻力，自润滑轴承232通过连接部轴承压盖233固定于连接部23中。The upper part of the column 7 has a stepped surface facing upwards, the upper end table 6 has a mounting hole corresponding to the position of the column 7, the stepped surface is offset against the outer circumference of the mounting hole, and the upper end of the column 7 is also provided with a column lock nut 71 to fix the upper end table 6; the loading platform 2 includes a loading plate, the loading plate is provided with a cylindrical connecting portion 23, the connecting portion 23 includes a cylindrical sleeve 231, and the cylindrical sleeve 231 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the column 7, and the inner portion of the connecting portion 23 The side wall is provided with a self-lubricating bearing 232 to reduce the frictional resistance between the connecting portion 23 and the column 7 , and the self-lubricating bearing 232 is fixed in the connecting portion 23 through the connecting portion bearing cover 233 .
本实施例中，试验机框架1还设有上端工作台6，上端工作台6设有第二腔体610朝下的第二承载机构61，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机一次可以对两份试样进行测试，能够极大地提高测试效率，上端工作台6通过立柱7支撑，同时立柱7与加载平台2滑动连接，立柱7能够对加载平台2进行限位，使加载平台2在上下移动的过程中保持水平，进而保证施加于试样上的载荷均匀分布。In this embodiment, the frame 1 of the testing machine is also provided with an upper workbench 6, and the upper end workbench 6 is provided with a second bearing mechanism 61 with the second cavity 610 facing down, and the swing friction fatigue testing machine can test two samples at a time. The test can greatly improve the test efficiency. The upper workbench 6 is supported by the column 7. At the same time, the column 7 is slidingly connected with the loading platform 2. The column 7 can limit the loading platform 2, so that the loading platform 2 can be kept in the process of moving up and down. level, thereby ensuring that the load applied to the specimen is evenly distributed.
关节轴承在不同的设备中运动形式不同，关节轴承的运动形式对试样磨损的影响较大。为使摆动摩擦疲劳试验机能够模拟关节轴承的各种运动形式，本实施例中摆动摩擦疲劳试验机设有两套摆动机构3，摆动机构3包括摆动杆33、伸缩机构31以及转动支架32，转动支架32分别与摆动杆33、伸缩机构31以及试验机框架1铰接，伸缩机构31推动转动支架32绕其与试验机框架1的铰接点转动，摆动杆33沿水平方向设置，转动支架32转动的过程中能够推动伸缩机构31沿水平方向移动；两套摆动机构3的摆动杆33均与摆杆机构4相连，且两摆动杆33之间具有预设角度，两摆动杆33的水平移动叠加组合成各种运动形式。The joint bearings have different motion forms in different equipment, and the motion form of the joint bearings has a great influence on the wear of the sample. In order to enable the swing friction fatigue testing machine to simulate various motion forms of joint bearings, the swing friction fatigue testing machine in this embodiment is provided with two sets of swing mechanisms 3, the swing mechanism 3 includes a swing rod 33, a telescopic mechanism 31 and a rotating bracket 32, The rotating bracket 32 is respectively hinged with the swing rod 33, the telescopic mechanism 31 and the testing machine frame 1, and the telescopic mechanism 31 pushes the rotating bracket 32 to rotate around its hinge point with the testing machine frame 1, and the swing rod 33 is arranged along the horizontal direction, and the rotating bracket 32 rotates During the process, the telescopic mechanism 31 can be pushed to move in the horizontal direction; the swing rods 33 of the two swing mechanisms 3 are connected to the swing rod mechanism 4, and there is a preset angle between the two swing rods 33, and the horizontal movement of the two swing rods 33 is superimposed. Combined into various forms of exercise.
摆动杆33的一端与摆杆机构4通过关节轴承42相连，如图6所示，摆杆机构4的上部设有两个球铰座41，两个球铰座41分别与两套摆动机构3的摆动杆33相连，具体的，球铰座41与摆杆机构4间设置关节轴承42，球铰座41与关节轴承42的外圈固定，摆杆机构4与关节轴承42的内圈固定，球铰座41能够相对摆杆机构4转动，摆杆机构的上端设有轴承锁母43。两套摆动机构3的摆动杆33之间具有预设角度，本实施例中试验机框架1为长方体框架1，两套摆动机构3分别位于试验机框架1相邻的两个侧面，摆动杆33从试验机框架1的侧面伸向试验机框架1的中央的摆杆机构4，两摆动杆33间的预设角度为90°，当然预设角度也可为其他数值，在此不做限定。One end of the swing link 33 is connected to the swing link mechanism 4 through the joint bearing 42, as shown in Figure 6, the top of the swing link mechanism 4 is provided with two ball hinge seats 41, and the two ball hinge seats 41 are respectively connected with two sets of swing mechanism 3 The swing rod 33 is connected, specifically, the joint bearing 42 is arranged between the ball joint seat 41 and the joint bearing 42, the ball joint seat 41 is fixed to the outer ring of the joint bearing 42, and the swing bar mechanism 4 is fixed to the inner ring of the joint bearing 42, The ball hinge seat 41 can rotate relative to the swing link mechanism 4 , and the upper end of the swing link mechanism is provided with a bearing lock nut 43 . There is a preset angle between the swing rods 33 of the two sets of swing mechanisms 3. In this embodiment, the frame 1 of the testing machine is a cuboid frame 1, and the two sets of swing mechanisms 3 are respectively located on two adjacent sides of the frame 1 of the test machine. The swing rods 33 Extending from the side of the testing machine frame 1 to the pendulum mechanism 4 at the center of the testing machine frame 1, the preset angle between the two pendulum rods 33 is 90°. Of course, the preset angle can also be other values, which are not limited here.
摆动杆33的另一端与摆动端轴承机构34连接，摆动端轴承机构34能够使摆动杆33能够在竖直平面内摆动，摆动端轴承机构34与转动支架32间还设有转动部装35，转动部装35能够使摆动杆33绕摆动杆33与转动支架32的连接点在水平平面内转动。The other end of the swing rod 33 is connected with the swing end bearing mechanism 34, the swing end bearing mechanism 34 can make the swing rod 33 swing in the vertical plane, and the swing end bearing mechanism 34 and the rotating bracket 32 are also provided with a rotating part 35, The rotating part 35 can make the swing rod 33 rotate in the horizontal plane around the connection point between the swing rod 33 and the rotating bracket 32 .
摆动端轴承机构34的结构如图7和图8所示，包括第一端343和第二端344，第一端343呈板状，第一端343与摆动杆33可通过螺栓连接或焊接等方式连接；第二端344为连接环，连接环沿竖直方向设置，连接环中设置了角接触轴承3441，连接轴36与角接触轴承3441的内圈固定，从而使摆动杆33能绕角接触轴承3441的轴线转动，连接环中还设置了轴套3442和摆动端轴承压盖3443固定角接触轴承3441的位置。The structure of the swing end bearing mechanism 34 is shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, including a first end 343 and a second end 344, the first end 343 is plate-shaped, and the first end 343 and the swing rod 33 can be connected by bolts or welding, etc. connection; the second end 344 is a connecting ring, the connecting ring is set along the vertical direction, the angular contact bearing 3441 is arranged in the connecting ring, and the inner ring of the connecting shaft 36 and the angular contact bearing 3441 is fixed, so that the swing rod 33 can rotate around the corner The axis of the contact bearing 3441 rotates, and a shaft sleeve 3442 and a bearing cover 3443 at the swing end are also arranged in the connecting ring to fix the position of the angular contact bearing 3441 .
转动部装35的结构如图9所示，包括Y型的部装本体351，部装本体351上部的两个分支均设有铰接孔，两个分支能够插入连接环的两侧，连接轴36插入两连接孔中并与连接环中轴承的内圈固定，使部装本体351与摆动端轴承机构34铰接，部装本体351下部呈圆柱状，部装本体351外周设有转动承座352，部装本体351与转动承座352间可设置圆锥滚子轴承353，减小转动过程中部装本体351与转动承座352之间的摩擦，转动承座352与转动支架32固定连接。部装本体351能够相对于转动承座352转动，从而使与部装本体351相连的摆动杆33能够相对于转动支架32沿水平方向摆动。The structure of the rotating part 35 is shown in Figure 9, including a Y-shaped part body 351, the two branches on the top of the part body 351 are provided with hinged holes, the two branches can be inserted into the two sides of the connecting ring, and the connecting shaft 36 Insert it into the two connection holes and fix it with the inner ring of the bearing in the connecting ring, so that the part assembly body 351 is hinged with the swing end bearing mechanism 34. A tapered roller bearing 353 can be arranged between the partly installed body 351 and the rotating seat 352 to reduce the friction between the partly installed body 351 and the rotating seat 352 during the rotation process, and the rotating seat 352 is fixedly connected with the rotating bracket 32. The part mounting body 351 can rotate relative to the rotating seat 352 , so that the swing rod 33 connected to the part mounting body 351 can swing horizontally relative to the rotating bracket 32 .
转动支架32为三角形的板状结构，其板面沿竖直方向设置，三个顶角分别与转动部装35、伸缩机构31以及试验机框架1相连，如上文所述，转动支架32与转动承座352固定连接，具体的，转动支架32的板面可以设置多条连接筋，通过连接筋与转动承座352等固定；试验机框架1还具有下端工作台8，上文所述的立柱7固定于下端工作台8的上端面，下端工作台8上端面的侧部还设有支架座81，支架座81的上部固定有转轴轴承座811，转轴轴承座811的结构如图10所示，转轴轴承座811具有沿水平方向贯穿的轴承孔，轴承孔中安装了深沟球轴承812，转轴82穿过轴承孔与深沟球轴承812的内圈固定，转轴82两侧端部的横截面呈矩形，转轴82侧部相邻的两个侧面均通过螺栓与转动支架32的连接筋固定；伸缩机构31可具体为气缸或液压缸等，缸套与试验机框架1铰接，活塞与转动支架32铰接，其铰接方式可参考现有技术，在此不再赘述。转动支架32也可选用三角形外的其他形状，在此不做限定。The rotating support 32 is a triangular plate-like structure, and its plate surface is arranged along the vertical direction. The bearing seat 352 is fixedly connected, specifically, the plate surface of the rotating bracket 32 can be provided with a plurality of connecting ribs, which are fixed with the rotating bearing seat 352 through the connecting ribs; the testing machine frame 1 also has a lower end workbench 8, and the column 7 is fixed on the upper end surface of the lower end table 8, and the side part of the upper end surface of the lower end table 8 is also provided with a support seat 81, and the upper part of the support seat 81 is fixed with a rotating shaft bearing seat 811. The structure of the rotating shaft bearing seat 811 is shown in Figure 10 The rotating shaft bearing seat 811 has a bearing hole penetrating in the horizontal direction, and a deep groove ball bearing 812 is installed in the bearing hole. The rotating shaft 82 passes through the bearing hole and is fixed with the inner ring of the deep groove ball bearing 812. The cross-section is rectangular, and the two adjacent sides of the rotating shaft 82 are fixed by bolts and the connecting ribs of the rotating bracket 32; The bracket 32 is hinged, and its hinged manner can refer to the prior art, and will not be repeated here. The rotating bracket 32 may also be in other shapes than triangle, which is not limited here.
本实施例中，摆动机构3包括摆动杆33、转动支架32和伸缩机构31，伸缩机构31能够推动转动支架32绕转轴82转动，进而推动摆动杆33沿轴向移动。摆动摩擦疲劳试验机设有两套摆动机构3，两套摆动机构3叠加的运动轨迹能够模拟关节轴承实际的工作状况，摆动机构3的动作可通过伸缩机构31进行控制。两套摆动机构3运动叠加的过程中，摆动杆33会产生水平和竖直方向的摆动，摆动杆33与转动支架32间设置了摆动端轴承机构34和转动部装35，使摆动杆33能够灵活摆动，减小摆动杆33与转动支架32间的应力和摩擦。In this embodiment, the swing mechanism 3 includes a swing rod 33 , a rotating bracket 32 and a telescoping mechanism 31 , the telescoping mechanism 31 can push the rotating bracket 32 to rotate around the rotating shaft 82 , and then push the swing rod 33 to move axially. The oscillating friction fatigue testing machine is equipped with two sets of oscillating mechanisms 3 , the superimposed movement track of the two sets of oscillating mechanisms 3 can simulate the actual working condition of the joint bearing, and the movement of the oscillating mechanism 3 can be controlled by the telescopic mechanism 31 . During the superposition of two sets of swing mechanisms 3 motions, the swing lever 33 will swing horizontally and vertically, and a swing end bearing mechanism 34 and a rotating part 35 are arranged between the swing lever 33 and the rotating bracket 32, so that the swing lever 33 can The flexible swing reduces the stress and friction between the swing rod 33 and the rotating bracket 32 .
为检测试样所承受的载荷，轴向加载油缸活塞的上部设置了轴向负荷传感器221，轴向负荷传感器221上部设有轴向传感器连接盘222，轴向传感器连接盘222通过锥形加载盘223支撑加载平台2，在轴向加载油缸的活塞伸出时，轴向负荷传感器221能够检测到活塞与加载平台2之间的压力，从而得到试样所受的轴向载荷。In order to detect the load borne by the sample, an axial load sensor 221 is provided on the upper part of the piston of the axial loading cylinder, and an axial sensor connection plate 222 is provided on the upper part of the axial load sensor 221, and the axial sensor connection plate 222 passes through the tapered loading plate. 223 supports the loading platform 2. When the piston of the axial loading cylinder extends, the axial load sensor 221 can detect the pressure between the piston and the loading platform 2, thereby obtaining the axial load on the sample.
摆动摩擦疲劳试验机还在摆动杆33与转动支架32之间设置了摆动负荷传感器341，摆动负荷传感器341与摆动杆33固定，并通过摆动传感器连接盘342与摆动轴承机构的第一端344固定，当摆动杆33产生轴向移动时，摆动负荷传感器341能够检测到摆杆机构4摆动时所承受的负荷。The swing friction fatigue testing machine is also provided with a swing load sensor 341 between the swing rod 33 and the rotating bracket 32, the swing load sensor 341 is fixed to the swing rod 33, and fixed to the first end 344 of the swing bearing mechanism through the swing sensor connection plate 342 , when the swing rod 33 moves axially, the swing load sensor 341 can detect the load on the swing rod mechanism 4 when it swings.
摆动摩擦疲劳试验机还包括控制装置，控制装置与轴向负荷传感器221、摆动负荷传感器341、伸缩机构31以及升降机构22相连，控制装置能够根据传感器的测量值判断试样所承受负荷的大小，并通过伸缩机构31和升降机构22改变试样的所承受的载荷或改变摩擦部5的运动模式。控制装置可MCU控制器、单片机或微型计算机，其具体功能和结构可参考现有技术，在此不再赘述。The swing friction fatigue testing machine also includes a control device, which is connected with the axial load sensor 221, the swing load sensor 341, the telescopic mechanism 31 and the lifting mechanism 22, and the control device can judge the load on the sample according to the measured value of the sensor, And through the telescopic mechanism 31 and the lifting mechanism 22, the load borne by the sample can be changed or the movement mode of the friction part 5 can be changed. The control device can be an MCU controller, a single-chip microcomputer or a microcomputer, and its specific functions and structures can refer to the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
本实施例中，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机通过轴向负荷传感器221和摆动负荷传感器341测量试样所承受的载荷，控制装置能够接收传感器的测量结果，并通过伸缩机构31和升降机构22改变试样所承受的负荷，以及控制摩擦部5的运动模式，使摆动摩擦疲劳试验机做到实时检测载荷、摩擦扭矩、摩擦系数、磨损量、摆动角度、速度等参数，客观实际地反应试样在使用工况下的综合性能。In this embodiment, the oscillating friction fatigue testing machine measures the load borne by the sample through the axial load sensor 221 and the oscillating load sensor 341, and the control device can receive the measurement results of the sensors, and change the load of the sample through the telescopic mechanism 31 and the lifting mechanism 22. The load and the movement mode of the control friction part 5 enable the swing friction fatigue testing machine to detect load, friction torque, friction coefficient, wear amount, swing angle, speed and other parameters in real time, and objectively and practically reflect the use of the sample Comprehensive performance under working conditions.
另外，关节轴承还经常在高温或低温环境中工作，为测试自润滑衬垫在高温或低温环境中的使用寿命，试验机框架1还设置了封闭空间。具体的，立柱7的数量为四根，并呈矩形分布于摩擦部5四周，下端工作台8与上端工作台6之间的四个侧面均设置了侧壁，上端工作台6、下端工作台8以及侧壁之间的空间为封闭空间，封闭空间可设置加热装置或降温装置以改变封闭空间中的温度，加热装置可参考电加热器等，降温装置可参考冷气机等。In addition, joint bearings often work in high-temperature or low-temperature environments. In order to test the service life of self-lubricating liners in high-temperature or low-temperature environments, the testing machine frame 1 is also provided with a closed space. Specifically, the number of upright columns 7 is four, and they are rectangularly distributed around the friction part 5. Side walls are provided on the four sides between the lower end table 8 and the upper end table 6, and the upper end table 6 and the lower end table 8 and the space between the side walls is a closed space, and the closed space can be equipped with a heating device or a cooling device to change the temperature in the closed space. The heating device can refer to an electric heater, etc., and the cooling device can refer to an air conditioner.
本实施例中，摆动摩擦疲劳试验机设有封闭空间，通过改变封闭空间的温度模拟自润滑衬垫在高温或低温环境中工作，从而测试自润滑衬垫在极端环境中的使用寿命。In this embodiment, the oscillating friction fatigue testing machine is provided with a closed space, and the self-lubricating liner is simulated to work in a high-temperature or low-temperature environment by changing the temperature of the closed space, so as to test the service life of the self-lubricating liner in an extreme environment.
需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体与另外几个实体区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such relationship between these entities. Actual relationship or sequence.
以上对本实用新型所提供的摆动摩擦疲劳试验机进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本实用新型的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本实用新型的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下，还可以对本实用新型进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本实用新型权利要求的保护范围内。The oscillating friction fatigue testing machine provided by the utility model has been introduced in detail above. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present utility model, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present utility model. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made to the utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection of the claims of the utility model. within range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820708301.3UCN208171777U (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | A kind of swing fatigue under scrubbing testing machine |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201820708301.3UCN208171777U (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | A kind of swing fatigue under scrubbing testing machine |
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| CN208171777Utrue CN208171777U (en) | 2018-11-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201820708301.3UActiveCN208171777U (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | A kind of swing fatigue under scrubbing testing machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108387475A (en)* | 2018-05-11 | 2018-08-10 | 吉林大学 | A kind of swing fatigue under scrubbing testing machine |
| CN117516914A (en)* | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江锐泰悬挂系统科技有限公司 | Durability test stand |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108387475A (en)* | 2018-05-11 | 2018-08-10 | 吉林大学 | A kind of swing fatigue under scrubbing testing machine |
| CN108387475B (en)* | 2018-05-11 | 2024-05-28 | 吉林大学 | Swing friction fatigue testing machine |
| CN117516914A (en)* | 2024-01-08 | 2024-02-06 | 浙江锐泰悬挂系统科技有限公司 | Durability test stand |
| CN117516914B (en)* | 2024-01-08 | 2024-05-31 | 浙江锐泰悬挂系统科技有限公司 | Durability test stand |
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