技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及无线电能传输或无线输电技术的领域，尤其是指一种基于负电阻的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统。The utility model relates to the field of wireless power transmission or wireless power transmission technology, in particular to a series-parallel wireless power transmission system based on negative resistance.
背景技术Background technique
无线电能传输技术可以实现电源与用电设备之间的完全电气隔离，具有安全、可靠、灵活的优点。早在19世纪末，尼古拉·特斯拉(Nikola Tesla)利用无线电能传输原理，在没有任何导线连接的情况下点亮了一盏灯泡。基于磁耦合谐振式的无线电能传输是MIT的学者在无线电能传输领域取得的突破性进展，自2007年被公开发表以来，在无线电能传输领域引起了非常大的反响，越来越多的学者加入到无线电能传输技术的基础研究和应用开发中来。Wireless power transmission technology can realize complete electrical isolation between power supply and electrical equipment, and has the advantages of safety, reliability and flexibility. As early as the end of the 19th century, Nikola Tesla used the principle of wireless power transmission to light up a light bulb without any wire connection. Wireless power transmission based on magnetic coupling resonance is a breakthrough made by MIT scholars in the field of wireless power transmission. Since it was published in 2007, it has aroused great repercussions in the field of wireless power transmission. More and more scholars Join in the basic research and application development of wireless power transfer technology.
在目前的谐振式无线电能传输系统中，高频、高可靠、大功率电源的实现一直是该技术应用到大功率负载输电的一个重要难题。传统的无线电能传输系统通常由驱动源、发射电路、接收电路和负载组成，其中驱动源决定了系统参数且作为系统电源的转换和控制部分成为无线电能传输中最重要的部分。为了满足无线电能传输系统高频化、高效化的发展趋势，通常采用开关型驱动源(功率放大器)如D类、E类功率放大器，虽然这类功率放大器的理论效率达到了100％，但输出功率较低，只适用于小功率的应用场合。而目前大功率的应用场合多采用IGBT和MOSFET管构成的桥式逆变器，同时配合不同的软开关算法来实现电能的无线传输，但其工作频率低、传输距离短。因此，受功率开关管及电路拓扑结构等因素的制约，在现有的技术条件下，实现高频(MHz以上)、高可靠、大功率开关变换器还相当困难。In the current resonant wireless power transmission system, the realization of high-frequency, high-reliability, and high-power power supply has always been an important problem in the application of this technology to high-power load transmission. A traditional wireless power transfer system usually consists of a driving source, a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, and a load. The driving source determines the system parameters and is the most important part of the wireless power transfer as the conversion and control part of the system power supply. In order to meet the development trend of high-frequency and high-efficiency wireless power transmission systems, switch-type driving sources (power amplifiers) such as class D and class E power amplifiers are usually used. Although the theoretical efficiency of this type of power amplifier reaches 100%, the output Low power, only suitable for low power applications. At present, bridge inverters composed of IGBT and MOSFET tubes are mostly used in high-power applications, and different soft-switching algorithms are used to realize wireless transmission of electric energy, but its operating frequency is low and the transmission distance is short. Therefore, restricted by factors such as power switching tubes and circuit topology, it is still quite difficult to realize high-frequency (above MHz), high-reliability, and high-power switching converters under the existing technical conditions.
负电阻是一种满足欧姆定律和串并联法则的有源组件。和电阻相反，负电阻的电压、电流基波的相位差为π，在电路中的功率为负，即向电路释放电能。负电阻具有多种实现方式，如利用正电阻和运放构成。以往负电阻多被用来提高反相放大器的输入阻抗，中和LC振荡回路的正电阻等，而很少当作电源来为电路供电。负电阻相比较高频逆变器，具有系统结构简单、无需使用MOSFET、可以达到很高工作频率等优点，因此可以解决目前高频逆变器无法进一步高频化的难题。并且系统的工作频率由电路中组件的取值所决定。在一工作频率下，系统的传输效率可以保持在很高的水平，且在很长一段范围内随着距离的改变保持基本恒定，实现了无线电能的稳定传输。Negative resistance is an active component that obeys Ohm's law and series-parallel law. Contrary to resistance, the phase difference between the voltage and current fundamental wave of negative resistance is π, and the power in the circuit is negative, that is, it releases electric energy to the circuit. There are many ways to implement negative resistance, such as using positive resistance and op amp. In the past, negative resistance was mostly used to increase the input impedance of the inverting amplifier, neutralize the positive resistance of the LC oscillating circuit, etc., but was rarely used as a power supply to supply power to the circuit. Compared with high-frequency inverters, negative resistance has the advantages of simple system structure, no need to use MOSFETs, and high operating frequency. Therefore, it can solve the problem that current high-frequency inverters cannot be further increased in frequency. And the operating frequency of the system is determined by the values of the components in the circuit. Under a working frequency, the transmission efficiency of the system can be maintained at a very high level, and it remains basically constant with the change of distance in a long range, realizing the stable transmission of wireless energy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种基于负电阻的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统，利用负电阻产生能量的性质，实现对电路的供能，从而替代了传统的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统中的高频逆变源，使得系统的结构更加简单，工作频率更高，传输效率更稳定。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a series-parallel wireless power transmission system based on negative resistance, which uses the property of negative resistance to generate energy to realize energy supply to the circuit, thereby replacing the traditional The high-frequency inverter source in the series-parallel wireless power transmission system makes the structure of the system simpler, the operating frequency is higher, and the transmission efficiency is more stable.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型所提供的技术方案为：基于负电阻的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统，包括相连接的负电阻和发射电路以及相连接的接收电路和负载，所述发射电路和接收电路通过电磁感应耦合的方式实现电能的无线传输；所述发射电路包括串联连接的原边电容和原边发射线圈，所述原边发射线圈包括串联连接的原边电感和发射电路内阻，所述发射电路内阻是指除副边反射到原边的电阻外的发射电路所有正电阻；所述接收电路包括并联连接的副边接收线圈和副边电容，所述副边接收线圈包括串联连接的副边电感和接收电路内阻，所述接收电路内阻是指除负载以外的接收电路所有正电阻。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the utility model is: a series-parallel wireless power transmission system based on negative resistance, including a connected negative resistance and a transmitting circuit, a connected receiving circuit and a load, and the transmitting circuit The wireless transmission of electric energy is realized by means of electromagnetic induction coupling with the receiving circuit; the transmitting circuit includes a primary side capacitor and a primary side transmitting coil connected in series, and the primary side transmitting coil includes a series connected primary side inductance and the internal resistance of the transmitting circuit , the internal resistance of the transmitting circuit refers to all positive resistances of the transmitting circuit except the resistance reflected from the secondary side to the primary side; the receiving circuit includes a secondary receiving coil and a secondary capacitor connected in parallel, and the secondary receiving coil includes The secondary inductance and the internal resistance of the receiving circuit are connected in series, and the internal resistance of the receiving circuit refers to all positive resistances of the receiving circuit except the load.
所述负电阻的电压、电流关系满足：vR＝-RiR，相位关系满足：其中，iR为流过负电阻的电流基波，vR为负电阻两端的电压基波，R为负电阻的阻值，为vR与iR之间的相位差；所述负电阻的功率满足：P为负电阻的功率，-表明负电阻向外放出能量。The voltage and current relationship of the negative resistance satisfies: vR =-RiR , and the phase relationship satisfies: Among them, iR is the current fundamental wave flowing through the negative resistance, vR is the voltage fundamental wave at both ends of the negative resistance, R is the resistance value of the negative resistance, is the phase difference between vR and iR ; the power of the negative resistance satisfies: P is the power of the negative resistance, - indicates that the negative resistance releases energy.
本实用新型与现有技术相比，具有如下优点与有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1、系统结构简单，负电阻的构造方式多种多样。1. The system structure is simple, and the negative resistance can be constructed in various ways.
2、利用负电阻替代串联-并联型无线电能传输系统的高频功率源，可以有效解决目前高频、大功率开关变换器难以实现的技术难题。2. The use of negative resistance to replace the high-frequency power source of the series-parallel wireless power transmission system can effectively solve the technical problems that are difficult to realize in the current high-frequency and high-power switching converters.
3、系统工作频率由电路中组件值所决定。在这一工作频率下，系统可以保持很高的效率，实现稳定的无线电能传输。3. The operating frequency of the system is determined by the component values in the circuit. At this operating frequency, the system can maintain high efficiency and realize stable wireless power transmission.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施方式中提供的系统电路图。Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the system provided in the embodiment.
图2为实施方式中负电阻的电压和电流的波形图。FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the voltage and current of the negative resistance in the embodiment.
图3为实施方式中传输效率和传输距离的关系图。Fig. 3 is a relationship diagram between transmission efficiency and transmission distance in an embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the utility model is further described.
本实施例所提供的基于负电阻的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统的基本原理是利用负电阻具有释放能量、向外提供电能的特性，用于替代传统的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统中的高频功率源，从而有效解决了目前高频、大功率开关变换器难以实现的技术难题。The basic principle of the series-parallel wireless power transfer system based on negative resistance provided in this embodiment is to use the negative resistance to release energy and provide electrical energy to the outside, which is used to replace the traditional series-parallel wireless power transfer system The high-frequency power source effectively solves the technical problem that the current high-frequency and high-power switching converters are difficult to realize.
如图1所示，为本系统的具体实施电路，包括相连接的负电阻-R和发射电路以及相连接的接收电路和负载RL，所述发射电路和接收电路通过电磁感应耦合的方式实现电能的无线传输；所述发射电路包括串联连接的原边电容C1和原边发射线圈，所述原边发射线圈包括串联连接的原边电感L1和发射电路内阻RS1，所述发射电路内阻RS1是指除副边反射到原边的电阻外的发射电路所有正电阻；所述接收电路包括并联连接的副边接收线圈和副边电容C2，所述副边接收线圈包括串联连接的副边电感L2和接收电路内阻RS2，所述接收电路内阻RS2是指除负载以外的接收电路所有正电阻。As shown in Figure 1, it is the specific implementation circuit of this system, including the connected negative resistance-R and the transmitting circuit, as well as the connected receiving circuit and loadRL , and the transmitting circuit and receiving circuit are realized by means of electromagnetic induction coupling Wireless transmission of electric energy; the transmitting circuit includes a primary side capacitor C1 and a primary side transmitting coil connected in series, and the primary side transmitting coil includes a series connected primary side inductance L1 and a transmitting circuit internal resistance RS1 , and the transmitting circuit The circuit internal resistance RS1 refers to all positive resistances of the transmitting circuit except the resistance reflected from the secondary side to the primary side; the receiving circuit includes a secondary receiving coil connected in parallel and a secondary capacitor C2 , and the secondary receiving coil includes The secondary inductance L2 and the internal resistance RS2 of the receiving circuit are connected in series, and the internal resistance RS2 of the receiving circuit refers to all positive resistances of the receiving circuit except the load.
为了分析方便，令发射电路内阻RS1和接收电路内阻RS2参数一致都为RS；令原边电容C1和副边电容C2参数一致都为C；令原边电感L1和副边电感L2参数一致都为L。For the convenience of analysis, the internal resistanceRS1 of the transmitting circuit and the internal resistanceRS2 of the receiving circuit are both RS ; the parameters of the primary capacitance C1 and the secondary capacitance C2 are both C; the primary inductance L1 and The secondary inductance L2 parameters are consistent as L.
系统的耦合模方程为：The coupled mode equation of the system is:
式中，为发射线圈和接收线圈的固有频率，为发射电路和接收电路的内阻损耗系数，为负电阻增益系数，为负载系数，为负载电阻的倒数，为发射电路与接收电路之间的耦合系数，为发射线圈与接收线圈之间的互感耦合系数，M为原边电感和副边电感之间的互感。In the formula, are the natural frequencies of the transmitting and receiving coils, is the internal resistance loss coefficient of the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit, is the negative resistance gain coefficient, is the load factor, is the reciprocal of the load resistance, is the coupling coefficient between the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit, is the mutual inductance coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and M is the mutual inductance between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance.
则可得系统的本征频率为：Then the eigenfrequency of the system can be obtained as:
当γ1＝2τ0+τL时，与发射电路相连接的负电阻向电路提供的电能完全由发射电路内阻RS1、接收电路内阻RS2和负载RL吸收。When γ1 =2τ0 +τL , the electric energy provided by the negative resistance connected to the transmitting circuit to the circuit is completely absorbed by the internal resistance RS1 of the transmitting circuit, the internal resistance RS2 of the receiving circuit and the loadRL .
假设系统的初始能量储存在模式a1中，设a1(0)＝1，a2(0)＝0，则可得模式a1和a2的表达式为：Assuming that the initial energy of the system is stored in mode a1 , set a1 (0) = 1, a2 (0) = 0, then the expressions of modes a1 and a2 can be obtained as:
则：but:
系统的传输效率为：The transmission efficiency of the system is:
由上述方程可知，若负电阻提供的电能完全由发射电路内阻、接收电路内阻和负载吸收，即γ1＝2τ0+τL时，当系统工作在κ≥τ0+τL区域内，其工作频率为传输效率保持恒定不变，当系统工作在κ＜τ0+τL区域内，其工作频率为ω＝ω0，传输效率随发射电路与接收电路之间的耦合系数变化，为It can be seen from the above equation that if the electric energy provided by the negative resistance is completely absorbed by the internal resistance of the transmitting circuit, the internal resistance of the receiving circuit and the load, that is, when γ1 =2τ0 +τL , when the system works in the region of κ≥τ0 +τL , whose operating frequency is Transmission Efficiency Maintained constant, when the system works in the region of κ<τ0 +τL , its operating frequency is ω=ω0 , and the transmission efficiency varies with the coupling coefficient between the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit, as
设发射线圈和接收线圈的固有频率为f0＝2MHz，原边电感和副边电感均为L＝10μH，原边电容和副边电容均为C＝0.633nF，发射电路内阻和接收电路内阻均为RS＝0.5Ω，负载电阻为RL＝2000Ω。Let the natural frequency of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil be f0 =2MHz, the inductance of the primary side and the secondary side are both L=10μH, the capacitance of the primary side and the secondary side are both C=0.633nF, the internal resistance of the transmitting circuit and the internal resistance of the receiving circuit The resistances are all RS =0.5Ω, and the load resistance is RL =2000Ω.
负电阻的电压基波、电流基波关系满足：vR＝-RiR，相位关系满足：输出功率满足以互感耦合系数k＝0.1为例，由图2可知负电阻的电压基波、电流基波的相位差为π，即向外释放电能。The relationship between the voltage fundamental wave and current fundamental wave of the negative resistance satisfies: vR ＝ -RiR , and the phase relationship satisfies: The output power meets Taking the mutual inductance coupling coefficient k=0.1 as an example, it can be seen from Figure 2 that the phase difference between the voltage fundamental wave and the current fundamental wave of the negative resistance is π, that is, the electric energy is released outward.
由式(6)可得系统的传输效率与传输距离的关系曲线如图3中实线所示，实心点则是由PSIM电路仿真得到的各不同传输距离处的传输效率，由此可见理论分析与仿真结果保持一致。在满足负电阻提供的电能完全由发射电路内阻、接收电路内阻和负载吸收，即在γ1＝2τ0+τL的条件下，当系统工作在κ≥τ0+τL区域内，传输效率保持恒定不变，当系统工作在κ＜τ0+τL区域内，传输效率随发射电路与接收电路之间的耦合系数变化，为The relationship curve between the transmission efficiency and transmission distance of the system can be obtained from formula (6), as shown by the solid line in Figure 3, and the solid dots are the transmission efficiency at different transmission distances obtained by PSIM circuit simulation, which shows that the theoretical analysis consistent with the simulation results. When the electric energy provided by the negative resistance is completely absorbed by the internal resistance of the transmitting circuit, the internal resistance of the receiving circuit and the load, that is, under the condition of γ1 =2τ0 +τL , when the system works in the region of κ≥τ0 +τL , Transmission Efficiency Maintained constant, when the system works in the region of κ<τ0 +τL , the transmission efficiency varies with the coupling coefficient between the transmitting circuit and the receiving circuit, as
由上述分析可知，本实用新型的基于负电阻的串联-并联型无线电能传输系统，负电阻具有释放功率的性质，向电路提供电能，有效地替代了高频功率源的作用，使得系统的结构更加简单，同时传输效率在一定范围内可以保持基本恒定，有利于在更多场合的应用，本实用新型的优点显而易见，值得推广。From the above analysis, it can be seen that the series-parallel wireless power transmission system based on negative resistance of the present invention has the property of releasing power, and provides electric energy to the circuit, effectively replacing the role of high-frequency power source, making the structure of the system It is simpler, and at the same time, the transmission efficiency can be kept basically constant within a certain range, which is beneficial to the application in more occasions. The utility model has obvious advantages and is worth popularizing.
以上所述之实施例子只为本实用新型之较佳实施例，并非以此限制本实用新型的实施范围，故凡依本实用新型之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围内。The implementation examples described above are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present utility model, so all changes made according to the shape and principle of the present utility model should be covered by the scope of the present utility model. within the scope of protection.
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| CN201721305283.6UCN207835168U (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2017-10-10 | Serial-parallel type radio energy transmission system based on negative resistance |
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| CN107681789B (en)* | 2017-10-10 | 2024-04-16 | 华南理工大学 | Series-parallel wireless power transmission system based on negative resistance |
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