技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及电流检测技术领域，特别是一种漏电流传感器。The utility model relates to the technical field of current detection, in particular to a leakage current sensor.
背景技术Background technique
直流系统绝缘监测具有重要意义，直流漏电流检测法由于装置安装简单、配置灵活故得到了深入研究,但随着电力电子技术的发展，高精度电流传感器的应用范围更加广泛，尤其是非接触电流传感器，在工业应用上具有广泛的开发前景。非接触电流测量可以保证测量工作人员的人身安全和系统的稳定运行。目前电流测量方法主要有：分压电阻、电流互感器、霍尔电流传感器、磁通门电流传感器和磁阻抗效应磁传感器。其中霍尔电流传感器和磁通门电流传感器能够检测交流和直流。霍尔电流传感器能够检测几十到几千安培的电流，精度范围在 0.5％和 2％之间，在小电流检测领域精度较差，而且受温度和外界磁场影响较大，这就限制了霍尔元件的应用范围。DC system insulation monitoring is of great significance. The DC leakage current detection method has been deeply studied due to the simple installation and flexible configuration of the device. However, with the development of power electronics technology, the application range of high-precision current sensors is wider, especially non-contact current sensors. , has broad development prospects in industrial applications. Non-contact current measurement can ensure the personal safety of the measuring staff and the stable operation of the system. Current measurement methods mainly include: voltage divider resistors, current transformers, Hall current sensors, fluxgate current sensors and magneto-impedance effect magnetic sensors. Among them, the Hall current sensor and the fluxgate current sensor can detect AC and DC. The Hall current sensor can detect tens to thousands of amperes of current, and the accuracy range is between 0.5% and 2%. The scope of application of Seoul components.
现有的磁通门传感器主要应用于弱磁场检测，比如地磁场探测、铁矿石探测、位移检测和无损检测。与霍尔传感器相比，磁通门传感器具有分辨力高、测量弱磁场范围宽、可靠、能够直接测量磁场的分量和适于在速运动系统中使用等特点。Existing fluxgate sensors are mainly used in weak magnetic field detection, such as geomagnetic field detection, iron ore detection, displacement detection and non-destructive detection. Compared with the Hall sensor, the fluxgate sensor has the characteristics of high resolution, wide range of weak magnetic field measurement, reliability, direct measurement of the magnetic field component and suitable for use in high-speed motion systems.
国际上已经报道了几种磁通门电流传感器的结构，通过应用微控制器，测量磁通门电流传感器中线圈电感的饱和时间间隔和负载电流，达到测量直流电流的目的。该装置只能测量交流电流，功能单一，应用范围较窄，价格贵，而受到限制。Several structures of fluxgate current sensors have been reported internationally. By using a microcontroller, the saturation time interval and load current of the coil inductance in the fluxgate current sensor are measured to achieve the purpose of measuring DC current. The device can only measure alternating current, has single function, narrow application range, expensive price and is limited.
目前多数磁通门电流传感器使用的是双电源供电，对于单电源系统应用较为复杂。At present, most fluxgate current sensors use dual power supplies, and the application of single power supply systems is more complicated.
鉴于上述现有的磁通门电流传感器所存在的技术以的不足，最终导致现有的磁通门电流传感器在实际测量中存在较大的测量误差，不能满足实际要求。In view of the technical deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing fluxgate current sensors, the existing fluxgate current sensors eventually have large measurement errors in actual measurement and cannot meet actual requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是提供一种漏电流传感器，通过单线圈磁通门检测直流漏电，结构简单、成本低。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a leakage current sensor, which detects DC leakage through a single-coil flux gate, and has a simple structure and low cost.
为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型所采用的技术方案是：一种漏电流传感器，包括磁通门探头，所述磁通门探头包括环形磁芯，在环形磁芯上绕设有主线圈；在环形磁芯上，与主线圈相对的位置绕设有检测线圈，检测线圈与恒流源电路连接；还包括与磁通门探头相连接的信号处理系统，所述信号处理系统包括激励电路和检测电路两部分，所述激励电路部分包括激励信号发生电路、RL振荡电路和功率放大电路，激励信号发生电路驱动RL振荡电路，主线圈的一端与功率放大电路连接而另一端接采样电阻，采样电阻另一端接2.5v的虚拟地；所述检测电路部分依次包括两级滤波电路、增益调节电路和零点调节电路。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a leakage current sensor, including a fluxgate probe, the fluxgate probe includes an annular magnetic core, and a main coil is wound on the annular magnetic core; On the annular magnetic core, a detection coil is wound at a position opposite to the main coil, and the detection coil is connected to a constant current source circuit; a signal processing system connected to a fluxgate probe is also included, and the signal processing system includes an excitation circuit and The detection circuit has two parts, the excitation circuit part includes an excitation signal generation circuit, an RL oscillation circuit and a power amplifier circuit, the excitation signal generation circuit drives the RL oscillation circuit, one end of the main coil is connected with the power amplification circuit and the other end is connected with a sampling resistor, and the sampling The other end of the resistor is connected to a virtual ground of 2.5v; the detection circuit part includes a two-stage filter circuit, a gain adjustment circuit and a zero point adjustment circuit in sequence.
优选的，所述环形磁芯采用纳米晶或坡莫合金材料制成。Preferably, the ring magnetic core is made of nanocrystalline or permalloy material.
优选的，所述主线圈的匝数为20~150匝。Preferably, the number of turns of the main coil is 20-150 turns.
优选的，所述检测线圈的匝数为10~25匝。Preferably, the number of turns of the detection coil is 10-25 turns.
优选的，所述信号处理系统采用单电源供电，以2.5V为中值电压。Preferably, the signal processing system is powered by a single power supply, with 2.5V as the median voltage.
优选的，所述主线圈及检测线圈所用的材质均为漆包线。Preferably, the materials used for the main coil and the detection coil are enameled wires.
优选的，所述环形磁芯采用环形闭合磁芯。Preferably, the annular magnetic core adopts an annular closed magnetic core.
优选的，所述骨架两端pin针之间距离不等。Preferably, the distances between the pins at both ends of the skeleton are not equal.
优选的，所述环形磁芯放置于骨架内，骨架连接在四个pin针上，焊接于电路板上。pin针g、h之间距离大于e、f，并且g、h与a、b相连，e、f与c、d相连。Preferably, the ring magnetic core is placed in the skeleton, and the skeleton is connected to four pins and welded on the circuit board. The distance between pins g and h is greater than e and f, and g and h are connected to a and b, and e and f are connected to c and d.
本实用新型提供一种漏电流传感器，穿过环形磁芯的导线通入电流以后产生磁场,被特定的感应元件检测出来并通过驱动磁滞回线的专用电子器件和由此产生的磁效应来检测电流，磁通门检测探头通过检测出被测电流即初级电流产生的磁场，即检测初级电流。环形磁芯材料选用了高磁导率、低矫顽力和易饱和的软磁材料；激励绕组和感应绕组均匀缠绕在环形磁芯上，频率为f 交流电流流经激励绕组，导致环形磁芯磁通交替变化，当交流激励安匝数足够大时，环形磁芯呈现周期性饱和与不饱和状态；当有漏电流穿过磁环时，该漏电流产生的磁场就叠加到激励线圈上，因此能通过特殊的电路结构对这个漏电流产生的磁场信号就行提取和放大，解算出漏电流的大小。磁通门电流传感器具有低温漂和低漂移的优点。The utility model provides a leakage current sensor, which generates a magnetic field after the wire passing through the annular magnetic core is passed through the current, which is detected by a specific inductive element and is detected by the special electronic device driving the hysteresis loop and the resulting magnetic effect. To detect current, the fluxgate detection probe detects the magnetic field generated by the measured current, that is, the primary current, that is, detects the primary current. The material of the ring magnetic core is soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability, low coercive force and easy saturation; the excitation winding and the induction winding are evenly wound on the ring magnetic core, and the frequency is f AC current flows through the excitation winding, causing the ring magnetic core The magnetic flux changes alternately. When the ampere-turns of the AC excitation is large enough, the annular magnetic core presents a periodic saturation and unsaturation state; when there is a leakage current passing through the magnetic ring, the magnetic field generated by the leakage current is superimposed on the excitation coil. Therefore, the magnetic field signal generated by this leakage current can be extracted and amplified through a special circuit structure, and the magnitude of the leakage current can be calculated. Fluxgate current sensors have the advantages of low temperature drift and low drift.
本实用新型自带Check功能，方便用户定期检查，使本实用新型更安全可靠；供电电压为5V±5%，单电源供电，3‰的线性度误差。结构上采用骨架和线圈结合的方式，安装非常方便，此外实用新型无需屏蔽材料，无需灌胶，工艺非常简单，方便批量生产，节省成本。The utility model has its own Check function, which is convenient for users to check regularly, making the utility model safer and more reliable; the power supply voltage is 5V±5%, a single power supply, and a linearity error of 3‰. The structure adopts the combination of skeleton and coil, which is very convenient to install. In addition, the utility model does not need shielding materials and glue filling. The process is very simple, which is convenient for mass production and saves costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described:
图1是本实用新型漏电流传感器线圈接线图。Figure 1 is a wiring diagram of the leakage current sensor coil of the present invention.
图2是本实用新型的结构框图。Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of the utility model.
图3是本实用新型RL振荡电路以及功率放大电路电路原理图。Fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of the RL oscillator circuit and the power amplifier circuit of the utility model.
图4是本实用新型检测线圈电路原理图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the detection coil circuit of the utility model.
图5是本实用新型调零电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the zero adjustment circuit of the utility model.
图6是本实用新型两级滤波电路以及增益调节电路原理图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage filter circuit and a gain adjustment circuit of the present invention.
图7是本实用新型2.5V和3V电压获取电路。Fig. 7 is the utility model 2.5V and 3V voltage acquisition circuit.
图8是本实用新型外部结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1示，一种漏电流传感器，包括磁通门探头，所述磁通门探头包括环形磁芯1，在环形磁芯1上绕设有主线圈2；在环形磁芯1上，与主线圈2相对的位置绕设有检测线圈3，检测线圈3与恒流源电路连接；还包括与磁通门探头相连接的信号处理系统，所述信号处理系统包括激励电路和检测电路两部分，所述激励电路部分包括激励信号发生电路、RL振荡电路和功率放大电路，激励信号发生电路驱动RL振荡电路，主线圈2的一端与功率放大电路连接而另一端接采样电阻，采样电阻另一端接2.5v的虚拟地；所述检测电路部分依次包括两级滤波电路、增益调节电路和零点调节电路。As shown in Figure 1, a leakage current sensor includes a fluxgate probe, and the fluxgate probe includes an annular magnetic core 1, on which a main coil 2 is wound; on the annular magnetic core 1, connected with The position opposite to the main coil 2 is provided with a detection coil 3, and the detection coil 3 is connected to the constant current source circuit; it also includes a signal processing system connected to the fluxgate probe, and the signal processing system includes two parts: an excitation circuit and a detection circuit , the excitation circuit part includes an excitation signal generation circuit, an RL oscillation circuit and a power amplification circuit, the excitation signal generation circuit drives the RL oscillation circuit, one end of the main coil 2 is connected to the power amplification circuit and the other end is connected to a sampling resistor, and the other end of the sampling resistance connected to the virtual ground of 2.5v; the detection circuit part includes a two-stage filter circuit, a gain adjustment circuit and a zero point adjustment circuit in sequence.
优选的，所述环形磁芯1采用纳米晶或坡莫合金材料制成。其饱和磁通密度为 Bs＞ 1.2T，矫顽力 Hc ＜ 3A/m，饱和磁致伸缩系数为 s ＝ 10-8 ～ 10-6 ，初始磁导率为4000 ～ 200000H/m，铁芯损耗 (100KHz，0.3T)PFe ＝ 80W/Kg，矩形比大于0.85。Preferably, the annular magnetic core 1 is made of nanocrystalline or permalloy material. Its saturation magnetic flux density is Bs> 1.2T, coercivity Hc < 3A/m, saturation magnetostriction coefficient is s = 10-8 ~ 10-6, initial permeability is 4000 ~ 200000H/m, core loss (100KHz, 0.3T) PFe = 80W/Kg, squareness ratio greater than 0.85.
优选的，所述主线圈2的匝数为20~150匝。Preferably, the number of turns of the main coil 2 is 20-150 turns.
优选的，所述检测线圈3的匝数为10~25匝。Preferably, the number of turns of the detection coil 3 is 10-25 turns.
优选的，所述信号处理系统采用单电源供电，以2.5V为中值电压。Preferably, the signal processing system is powered by a single power supply, with 2.5V as the median voltage.
优选的，所述主线圈2及检测线圈3所用的材质均为漆包线。Preferably, the materials used for the main coil 2 and the detection coil 3 are enameled wires.
优选的，所述环形磁芯1采用环形闭合磁芯。磁芯环路漏磁很小，可以准确地检测小电流，同时降低外界磁场干扰。Preferably, the annular magnetic core 1 adopts an annular closed magnetic core. The flux leakage of the magnetic core loop is very small, which can accurately detect small currents and reduce external magnetic field interference.
优选的，如图8所示，所述环形磁芯1放置于骨架5内，骨架5连接在四个pin针上，焊接于电路板上。pin针g、h之间距离大于e、f，并且g、h与a、b相连，e、f与c、d相连。Preferably, as shown in FIG. 8 , the annular magnetic core 1 is placed in a skeleton 5 , and the skeleton 5 is connected to four pins and welded on a circuit board. The distance between pins g and h is greater than e and f, and g and h are connected to a and b, and e and f are connected to c and d.
RL为负载电阻，R1为漏电负载，正常情况下流进的电流和流出的电流大小相等方向相反，正负电流的磁场为零，如果有漏电那么，从线圈穿过去的两根线就会有电流差，产生的磁场就会被检测到，激励磁场强度Hs=Ns*Is/LRL is the load resistance, and R1 is the leakage load. Under normal circumstances, the current flowing in and the current flowing out are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The magnetic field of positive and negative currents is zero. If there is leakage, the two wires passing through the coil will have current Poor, the generated magnetic field will be detected, the excitation magnetic field strength Hs=Ns*Is/L
漏电流产生的磁场强度为HP 那么总的磁场强度为H = Hs + Hp 式中：Ns为激励线圈匝数，Is为激励线圈中的电流，L为有效磁路长度，线圈中的感应电动势为：E（t）= -NS*dB/dt =-NSutd *dH/dt 式中N为绕组线圈匝数，S为环形磁芯的截面积utd为磁导率，通过两级低通滤波将基波信号削弱，然后将待测信号放大，这样就能通过线性输出的电压来反映待测电流的大小。The magnetic field strength generated by the leakage current is HP, then the total magnetic field strength is H = Hs + Hp In the formula: Ns is the number of turns of the exciting coil, Is is the current in the exciting coil, L is the effective magnetic circuit length, and the induced electromotive force in the coil is : E(t) = -NS*dB/dt =-NSutd *dH/dt where N is the number of turns of the winding coil, S is the cross-sectional area of the ring core and utd is the magnetic permeability. The wave signal is weakened, and then the signal to be measured is amplified, so that the linear output voltage can reflect the magnitude of the current to be measured.
直流电源两根线或三相四线电线同时穿过本实用型新传感器，正常没有漏电流的情况下，Ia和Ib大小相等方向相反（见图1），这样两根线上的磁场相互抵消，总磁场为零。如果有漏电，这样Ia就不等于Ib了，Ia-Ib就会有一个差值，这个差值电流会产生一个磁场被该实用新型传感器检测到并产生一个信号，就可以将该线路断开，这样就能保护人体和其他电气设备。检测线圈接一个恒流电路，来模拟一个漏电流对传感器进行自检，使本实用新型更安全可靠。The two wires of the DC power supply or the three-phase four-wire wires pass through the new sensor at the same time. Under the normal condition of no leakage current, Ia and Ib are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction (see Figure 1), so that the magnetic fields on the two wires cancel each other out , the total magnetic field is zero. If there is leakage, so that Ia is not equal to Ib, there will be a difference between Ia-Ib, and this difference current will generate a magnetic field to be detected by the utility model sensor and generate a signal, which can disconnect the circuit. This protects the human body and other electrical equipment. The detection coil is connected with a constant current circuit to simulate a leakage current to perform self-test on the sensor, so that the utility model is safer and more reliable.
如图2所示，激励信号发生电路产生一个固定频率方波信号，该方波信号驱动RL震荡电路，如果磁通门探头检测到外磁场那么这个磁场信号就会叠加到漏电流传感器的磁芯上，使该磁芯提前达到饱和，通过两级滤波去掉基波信号，通过增益和零点调节电路可以方便控制该实用新型单电源漏电流传感器的技术参数。As shown in Figure 2, the excitation signal generating circuit generates a fixed-frequency square wave signal, which drives the RL oscillator circuit. If the fluxgate probe detects an external magnetic field, the magnetic field signal will be superimposed on the magnetic core of the leakage current sensor. Above, the magnetic core is saturated in advance, the fundamental wave signal is removed through two-stage filtering, and the technical parameters of the utility model single-power leakage current sensor can be conveniently controlled through the gain and zero point adjustment circuit.
如图3所示，RL振荡产生然后通过功率运放输出，最后通过一采样电阻R8来采样电压信号，本实用新型单电源漏电流传感器采样电阻的一端采用2.5V虚地，通过控制增益和零点最终输出为2.5V±2V测量范围为±600mA。As shown in Figure 3, the RL oscillation is generated and then output through the power operational amplifier, and finally the voltage signal is sampled through a sampling resistor R8. One end of the sampling resistor of the single power supply leakage current sensor of the utility model adopts a 2.5V virtual ground, and by controlling the gain and zero The final output is 2.5V ± 2V and the measurement range is ± 600mA.
如图4所示，使检测线圈通过一恒定电流5mA，比如检测线圈是50匝，那么相当于模拟一个Ip = 5mA*50 电流，利用公式 Vout = k*Ip+b，就能输出一个固定电压值，这样就能检测该传感器工作是否正常，k表示增益，b表示零点，Ip为穿过磁环总电流。As shown in Figure 4, let the detection coil pass a constant current of 5mA. For example, the detection coil has 50 turns, which is equivalent to simulating a current of Ip = 5mA*50. Using the formula Vout = k*Ip+b, a fixed voltage can be output Value, so that it can detect whether the sensor is working normally, k represents the gain, b represents the zero point, and Ip is the total current passing through the magnetic ring.
如图5所示，通过电阻网络，可以很方便调节零点，增大零点可以焊上合适阻值的R33，减小零点调节R30的阻值。具体计算公式为：As shown in Figure 5, through the resistor network, the zero point can be easily adjusted. To increase the zero point, R33 with a suitable resistance can be welded, and to decrease the zero point to adjust the resistance of R30. The specific calculation formula is:
增大零点 (3-Vout)*(R31+R33)/R31*R33= Vout /(R32+R35) + (Vout-2.5)/R27；Increase the zero point (3-Vout)*(R31+R33)/R31*R33= Vout /(R32+R35) + (Vout-2.5)/R27;
减小零点 (3-Vout)/R31 + (2.5-Vout)/R27 = Vout /(R32*R30/(R32+R30)+R35)；Reduce zero point (3-Vout)/R31 + (2.5-Vout)/R27 = Vout /(R32*R30/(R32+R30)+R35);
如图6所示，通过两级滤波对采样电阻R8上的信号进行处理，然后通过R14,R15可以很方便调节增益，具体计算公式为：As shown in Figure 6, the signal on the sampling resistor R8 is processed through two-stage filtering, and then the gain can be easily adjusted through R14 and R15. The specific calculation formula is:
增大增益：G*3/10 = R20*(R21+R15)/R21*R15 ;Increase gain: G*3/10 = R20*(R21+R15)/R21*R15;
减小增益：G*3/10 = R20*R14/((R20+R14)*R21) ;Reduce gain: G*3/10 = R20*R14/((R20+R14)*R21) ;
G为当前增益，可以根据传感器不同的使用场合来确定不同的目标增益。G is the current gain, and different target gains can be determined according to different usage occasions of the sensor.
图7所示，通过一路运放和2.5V参考电压源，产生3V，和2.5V电压，给调零电路提供3V电压。As shown in Figure 7, through an operational amplifier and a 2.5V reference voltage source, 3V and 2.5V voltages are generated to provide 3V voltage to the zeroing circuit.
上述的实施例仅为本实用新型的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本实用新型的限制，本实用新型的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本实用新型的保护范围之内。Above-mentioned embodiment is only the preferred technical scheme of the present utility model, and should not be considered as the restriction to the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model should be the technical solution described in the claims, including the technology in the technical solution described in the claims. An equivalent alternative to the feature is the scope of protection. That is, equivalent replacement and improvement within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present utility model.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720533669.6UCN207067224U (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | A kind of leakage current sensor |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720533669.6UCN207067224U (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | A kind of leakage current sensor |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN207067224Utrue CN207067224U (en) | 2018-03-02 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720533669.6UActiveCN207067224U (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | A kind of leakage current sensor |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN207067224U (en) |
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