A kind of Full-automatic high-temperature plasma solid waste melting furnaceTechnical field
The utility model belongs to solid waste treatment facility, and in particular to a kind of Full-automatic high-temperature plasma solid waste gasificationMelting furnace.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's economy, the yield of solid waste is also presented growing number of trend.According to statistics, 2002Year, the yield of China's industrial solid wastes was 9.5 hundred million t, and 2005 is 13.4 hundred million t, and this numeral in 2007 is then changed into 17.6 hundred millionT, Chinese industrial solid waste yield has exceeded 18.3 hundred million t within 2010.Harm of the solid waste pollution to environment and human bodyProperty is determined and be can not be ignored, and it directly influences the life of people, has a strong impact on environmental and human health impacts.Although national fixed-end forces energyPower was greatly improved than in the past, but treatment solid waste is still based on sanitary landfills, supplemented by compost and burning, to fill and heap at presentFertilizer needs to take a large amount of soils and space, while polluting local environment and underground water；And burn, mix burning and can realize to a certain extentMinimizing and innoxious treatment, then suffer the public due to its potential secondary pollution (can such as produce dioxin, heavy metal)Query.
US Westinghouse company begins to build plasmatorch for Nasa early in the sixties in 20th century, for ApolloTest of the sheathing material of the aeronautical in space program at 5500 DEG C.At the end of the nineties, first pilot-scale etc.Residue after ion gasification projects are built up in Japan, are mainly used in house refuse, sewage sludge, and junked-auto is crushedChange into new energy.Later stage eighties China's introduction of foreign technology has carried out some plasma development tests.With continuous hairExhibition and improvement, current country's plasma can obtain 350kW power, can produce the local center high-temperature region of 5500 DEG C of T ＞, electric arcLength is for up to 400mm, technically, in performance basically reaches maturity state.The high temperature melting that plasma sends is anyObject, therefore, a kind of automatic feed automatic blanking full-automation melting furnace is made using high-temperature plasma, melting is highDanger solid waste.
Utility model content
Utility model purpose：The utility model offer one kind high-temperature plasma sends heat density high and high-temperature electric arc willSolid waste gasification and melting a, part produces synthesis gas, can UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN participate in burning, heat energy be provided, steam, generating etc., root is producedMultiple fuel and fuel gas etc. can be also refined according to different types of solid waste；Remaining solid waste slag becomes glass in the fusion pool of bottomBody melting slurry, can cast different present situation objects after discharge, will not produce secondary pollution, Wu noxious materials such as bioxin, heavy metals.
Technical scheme：In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a kind of Full-automatic high-temperature plasma solid wasteMelting furnace, including switch board, furnace body are located at the feeding system at the top of furnace body, are located at the fusion pool of furnace body bottom,Furnace body side and the dump valve being connected with fusion pool are located at, the gas outlet of furnace body top side is located at, furnace body is located atLower end is provided with one group of plasma generator, one group of swirl nozzle and the temperature thermo-coupler being respectively provided on the outside of furnace body and oxygen amountDetector, the swirl nozzle is located at ion generator upper end and with furnace body center vertical line in angle, the switch board pointDo not connected with feeding system, temperature thermo-coupler, oxygen amount detector, plasma generator, swirl nozzle and dump valve, switch board leads toCross internal processes control feeding system, temperature thermo-coupler, oxygen amount detector, plasma generator, swirl nozzle and dump valve.InstituteState fusion pool and be provided with the first Level meter and the second Level meter, for automatic monitoring fusion pool height of liquid level.
The internal processes of the switch board are：
1) when the minimum temperature that controller receives temperature thermo-coupler (15) is detected as≤1700 DEG C, open all of grade fromElectronic generator, when temperature is 1750 DEG C, a plasma generator of stopping transport, when temperature is 1800 DEG C, two plasma hairs of stopping transportDevice is given birth to, the like, it is ensured that more than 1700 DEG C, solid waste stablizes gasification and melting to fusion pool temperature automatic control；
2) controller sets oxygen content threshold in stove according to solid waste species in stove, when oxygen content is higher than this threshold in stove,It is automatic to reduce churning unrounded number or reduce whirlwind nozzle input end pressure, it is ensured that oxygen content stabilization, solid waste gasification and melting in stoveNormally, noncoking, can not the glut air reduction capacity of furnace；
3) when controller receives the liquid level signal of the first Level meter and the second Level meter, frequency conversion batcherStop, dump valve is opened, and realizes automatic blanking；
4) when controller receives the liquid level no signal of the first Level meter and the second Level meter, frequency conversion feedMachine starts, and dump valve is closed, and realizes automatic feed；
Further, the plasma generator can install 2 or multiple, and symmetrical structure, Duo Gean are formed when installing 2Formed during dress uniformly to heart injection structure, setting angle is downward-sloping, plasma is directly heated to fusion pool, plasma-arcFlare can be based on close.Because Temperature Distribution is different in gasification furnace, organic solid waste gasifies into gasification furnace near material blanking tube, compared withAs temperature rise is gasified in dropping process, solid waste such as iron filings, glass, quartz etc. that correspondence is more difficult to gasification fall into the solid waste of hardly possible gasificationTo in the fusion pool of high-temperature region, plasma arc directly against heating, is to the last melted, and any object is direct in plasmaAll can be into molten condition under heating.
Further, the whirlwind nozzle can install 4,6 or more, form uniform one group of form, during installation not justIt is at a certain angle with body of heater center to body of heater center, while having inclined downwards.It is downward that air wind enters one group of burner hearth formationIncline and around the Whirl deposite tank of Swirl, be that, to solid waste gasification, oxygenating in melting process, eddy flow input oxygen can allow oxygen in stoveUniform on respective level, gasification and melting layering is obvious in stove, and gasification produces CO and H2.
Further, it is described to include tremie pipe that big material bin is connected with big material bin to frequency conversion feed material system, be located at aniseedFrequency conversion batcher between storehouse and tremie pipe.Size-reduced dried solid waste is controlled to be fed by frequency conversion batcher, solid waste blankingEquivalent to falling in air in journey, the size of frequency conversion blanking should put into operation quantity, fusion pool size, dump valve according to plasmaThe frequency of unlatching.
Further, the unlatching of the dump valve, determines according to liquid-level switch height, is capable of achieving to automatically turn on, and releasesSlurries can be poured and cast out different present situation objects, according to building or other handicrafts the need for first design casting model.
Further, the fusion pool determines that the input quantity of plasma determines, the melt capacity value of plasma is alsoDetermine, frequency conversion batcher blanking velocity just can determine that, blanking can be melted completely in the unit interval.Dump valve opens weekPhase can equally be determined substantially, and basic operating provisions can be found in production process, given and prepared casting model and provide cycle operationTime.Further, casting model technique may be designed to belt-conveying movement automatic assembly line.
Further, bottom end seal plate and stove are originally to be connected with package assembly, be can use by the dismounting of installation boltBottom end seal plate, can do manhole use, facilitate melting furnace to overhaul.
Further, the furnace body outside is respectively equipped with a thermometer and pressure gauge.
Further, the furnace body is inside and outside is equipped with one layer of corundum refractory.
In the utility model, high-temperature plasma produces synthesis gas to solid waste gasification and melting, a part, can UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN ginsengWith burning, heat energy be provided, produce steam, generating etc., multiple fuel and fuel gas can also be refined according to different types of solid wasteDeng；Remaining solid waste slag becomes vitreum melting slurry in the fusion pool of bottom, and can cast different present situation objects after discharge, will not produceSecondary pollution, Wu noxious materials such as bioxin, heavy metals.Due to its institutional framework tight structure, Building wood is highly suitable asMaterial and fire proofing material are used.It is a new technology that solid waste is converted into the energy using plasma gasification technology, is hadVery big potentiality.
Beneficial effect：The utility model has advantages below in terms of existing technologies：
The utility model sends the arc temperature more than 5500 DEG C using high-temperature plasma physical efficiency, using plasma hyperpyrexiaDensity and high-temperature electric arc heating and gasifying melting furnace fusion pool are automatically controlled to more than 1700 DEG C, and even more high temperature gasifies solid wasteProduce synthesis gas, there is provided heat energy, refine multiple fuel and fuel gas, be adapted to any solid waste rubbish, such as waste plastics, uselessThe treatment of the dangerous material such as tire, rubber, old metal part, cullet, Biohazard Waste, discharges melting slurry and forms a kind of glassyProduct, realizes real solid waste reduction, harmless treatment, is produced Wu noxious materials such as bioxin, heavy metals.All solid waste gasChange the synthesis gas for producing to be discharged from gas outlet, can receive and store, can directly participate in hot-blast stove, steam boiler burning and heat is providedWind, generation steam or generating etc., it is also possible to refine the chemicals such as fuel gas, ethanol, propyl alcohol, diesel oil, heavy oil.Dump valve is putGlassy mass out, due to its full texture structure, is highly suitable as construction material and uses.The utility model is in ringProtecting the aspects such as the energy has great economy social value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the 150KW plasma-arc size hygrograms in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is gasifier temperature control sketch in the utility model.
Fig. 4 be in the utility model frequency changer open stop, dump valve switch control logic figure.
Wherein：1- pressure gauges；2- batchers；3- big material bins；4- thermometers；5- gas outlets；6- furnace bodies；7- oxygen amount is detectedDevice；8- swirl nozzles；9- plasma generators；10- fusion pools；11- dump valves；12- sealing plates；The Level meters of 13- first；The Level meters of 14- second；15- temperature thermo-couplers；16- high temperature resistant corundum materials；17- tremie pipes.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of Full-automatic high-temperature plasma solid waste melting furnace, including furnace body 6, it is located at furnace body 6The frequency conversion feeding system at top, the dump valve for being located at the fusion pool 10 of the bottom of furnace body 6 and being connected with fusion pool 10, is located at stove sheetThe gas outlet 5 of the top side of body 6；The lower end of the furnace body 6 is provided with one group of plasma generator 9, is located at ion generator upper endAnd the one group swirl nozzle 8 in a certain angle with the center vertical line of furnace body 6, it is respectively equipped with temperature thermoelectricity in the outside of furnace body 6Idol 15 and oxygen amount detector 7, the outside of fusion pool 10 are provided with the first Level meter 13 and the second Level meter 14.
The part big material bin 3 of feeding system, tremie pipe 17, batcher 2 are connected as an entirety, tremie pipe 17 and furnace body6 top flanges are connected, and using pipe flange welding manner, adpting flange is connected by bolt with furnace body 6, flange and furnace bodySealing gasket connected mode is increased temperature between 6, high temperature resistant corundum material is full of between tremie pipe 17 and furnace body 6, tremie pipe 17 is adoptedMade of heat-resistance stainless steel.
Plasma generator 9 is arranged on the bottom of furnace body 6, and symmetrical structure is formed when installing two, is formed when installing multipleUniform to heart injection structure, setting angle is downward-sloping, and plasma-arc flare can be based on close.
Whirlwind nozzle 8 is slightly above ion generator 9 installed in the bottom of furnace body 6, and its quantity is counted according to plasma generator 9Amount and power can install 4,6 or more, form uniform one group of state.Not just to the center of furnace body 6 during installation, with furnace body6 centers are at a certain angle, while having inclined downwards.
Fusion pool 10 is located at the bottom of furnace body 6, and left end connects one group of first Level meter of Level meter 13 and second14, right-hand member connection dump valve 11, bottom connects bottom end closure plate 12, and it passes through bolt and is connected with furnace body 6, adds between junctionHigh-temperature sealing material.One layer of high temperature resistant corundum material 16 has all been done inside whole fusion pool 10 and furnace body 6.
First Level meter 13 and the second Level meter 14 are used for detecting the liquid level of fusion pool 10 and control frequency conversionThe start and stop of device 2 and dump valve 11 are opened and closed.As shown in figure 4, when controller receives the first Level meter 13 and the second level sensingDuring the liquid level signal of instrument 14, frequency conversion batcher 2 stops, and dump valve 11 is opened；When controller receives the first Level meter 13During with the liquid level no signal of the second Level meter 14, frequency conversion batcher 2 starts, and dump valve 11 is closed.
Temperature thermo-coupler 15 is located at the side of furnace body 6, between plasma generator 9 and fusion pool 10 and near fusion pool10, for detecting the input number of the temperature of fusion pool 10 and control plasma generator 9.As shown in figure 3, because of hypomere in stove to be ensuredMost melt temperature >=1700 DEG C of fusion pool 10, could all solid waste gasification and meltings, when the temperature is low≤1700 DEG C, it is all etc.Ion put into operation heating after the temperature of fusion pool 10 reach 1700 DEG C require after put into solid waste operation, when temperature >=1750 DEG C, stopNo. 1 plasma of fortune, when such as temperature continues to rise >=1800 DEG C, No. 2 plasmas of stopping transport, when temperature >=1850 DEG C, are stopped transport No. 3 etc.Ion (this is illustrated as a example by sentencing 4 plasmas).The plasma number for needing input is selected and set according to treatment solid waste amountAmount, it is ensured that solid waste stabilization gasification and melting.
Oxygen amount detector 7 is used for detecting oxygen content in stove, because in stove oxygen amount can not affluence can only anaerobic condition, it is ensured that solid wasteMaterial is not burned and gasification and melting only occurs, and such as oxygen content is too high, then solid waste material all burns, while also influenceing stove interior energyAmount loss；As oxygen content is too low, it is unfavorable for gasification and melting, while can coking in melting process.Such as control oxygen coefficient0.95, monitoring can be detected by oxygen amount detector, such as oxygen amount is higher, can control whirlwind nozzle (8) input quantity or reduces rotationWind nozzle input end pressure etc..These control functions can just be done easily in whirlwind nozzle upstream plus magnetic valve and pressure regulator valve etc.Arrive.It is not explained in detail herein.
Thermometer 4, pressure gauge 1 are installed on the top of furnace body 6, detection display in-furnace temperature and pressure.
As shown in Fig. 2 150KW plasma-arc size hygrograms, plasma is formed with the difference of power after electric arcCentral temperature also have nothing in common with each other, 350kW power can produce the local center high-temperature region of 5500 DEG C of T ＞, and thermograde is by introversionProgressively weaken outward, arc length is for up to 400mm, it is maximum in 2000 DEG C of annex arc diameters of temperature.
The utility model sends the arc temperature more than 5500 DEG C using high-temperature plasma physical efficiency, using plasma hyperpyrexiaDensity and high-temperature electric arc heat the stove of fusion pool 10 to more than 1700 DEG C, and even more high temperature falls solid waste gasification and melting, a partProduce synthesis gas, there is provided heat energy, refine multiple fuel and fuel gas, be adapted to any solid waste, such as waste plastics, damaged tireThe treatment of the dangerous material such as rubber, oil sediment, old metal part, cullet, Biohazard Waste, another part is melt into a kind of glassyProduct, can be cast into different construction materials and handicraft, realize real minimizing, harmless treatment.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, it should be pointed out that：For the common skill of the artFor art personnel, on the premise of the utility model principle is not departed from, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improve andRetouching also should be regarded as protection domain of the present utility model.