技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种模拟厚板窄间隙激光填丝焊接并实时监测的装置，属于激光加工、焊接技术领域。The utility model relates to a device for simulating narrow-gap laser wire-filling welding of thick plates and real-time monitoring, which belongs to the technical field of laser processing and welding.
背景技术Background technique
激光自熔焊接技术是一种先进的高能束焊接方法，具有焊接热输入小、焊接速度快、焊缝变形小等突出优点，目前已广泛应用于航空航天、能源、轨道交通等制造行业。但是针对一些特种装备，如国际热核聚变实验堆计划ITER的巨型真空室大厚板结构(板厚为60mm的不锈钢)、军用相控阵雷达基板(厚度大于70mm的铝合金)等，常规的激光自熔焊很难完成相关焊接工作。原因在于激光自熔焊存在的主要问题是焊接气孔，并且随着板厚的增加气孔的倾向越大，其气孔倾向甚至大于电弧焊和电子束焊。Laser self-fluxing welding technology is an advanced high-energy beam welding method, which has outstanding advantages such as small welding heat input, fast welding speed, and small weld deformation. It has been widely used in aerospace, energy, rail transit and other manufacturing industries. However, for some special equipment, such as the large thick plate structure of the giant vacuum chamber of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Project ITER (stainless steel with a plate thickness of 60mm), the military phased array radar substrate (aluminum alloy with a thickness greater than 70mm), etc., conventional Laser self-fusion welding is difficult to complete related welding work. The reason is that the main problem of laser self-fusion welding is welding porosity, and the tendency of porosity increases with the increase of plate thickness, and its tendency of porosity is even greater than that of arc welding and electron beam welding.
窄间隙激光填丝焊作为激光焊的一种方法，保留了激光焊能量高度集中、接头热影响区窄等特点，同时可通过填充焊丝对焊缝冶金成分进行调整，特别适用于异种材料、高合金钢、高强铝合金材料以及高脆性和难焊金属材料的焊接。相比激光自熔焊，窄间隙激光填丝焊可利用安全成熟的万瓦级、千瓦级功率的激光器来实现大厚板的焊接。然而激光填丝焊中焊丝的引入，比激光自熔焊增加了熔滴过渡的过程，故其焊接过程机理更加复杂。因此需要对窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程特征进行研究并通过实验优化激光填丝焊参数。As a method of laser welding, narrow-gap laser filler wire welding retains the characteristics of high concentration of laser welding energy and narrow heat-affected zone of the joint. At the same time, the metallurgical composition of the weld can be adjusted through the filler wire. Welding of alloy steel, high-strength aluminum alloy materials, and highly brittle and difficult-to-weld metal materials. Compared with laser self-fusion welding, narrow-gap laser wire-filled welding can use safe and mature 10,000-watt-level and kilowatt-level lasers to achieve welding of large and thick plates. However, the introduction of welding wire in laser wire-filled welding increases the process of droplet transfer compared with laser self-fluxing welding, so the welding process mechanism is more complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to study the process characteristics of narrow gap laser wire filler welding and optimize the parameters of laser wire filler welding through experiments.
而且，已有的厚板的窄间隙激光填丝焊接技术，由于激光光束发散角的存在，易出现底部未熔合的缺陷。为了避免底部未熔合缺陷，间隙宽度须足够大保证光束不被坡口上端表面或侧壁阻挡而作用于坡口底部，但当间隙较大时，由于激光能量高度集中，激光焊的熔宽有限，又常出现侧壁未熔合缺陷。这种光的可达性和侧壁未熔合问题的矛盾限制了窄间隙激光焊可焊板厚的范围。在已有的窄间隙激光填丝焊接研究中，多采用聚焦光斑并配合多光斑组合或光束在间隙中摆动的方式完成焊接，通过多光斑组合及光束的摆动增加熔宽来解决侧壁未熔合缺陷。由于采用聚焦光斑在间隙中的适应性较差，导致焊接间隙较宽，虽然可通过以上方式解决，但该方法操作难度较大，对于不同的材料和厚度，需要通过大量试验优化焊接参数，这就需要深入了解窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程特征，并通过试验调整焊接参数提高焊接质量。Moreover, the existing narrow-gap laser wire-fill welding technology for thick plates is prone to the defect of unfused bottom due to the existence of the divergence angle of the laser beam. In order to avoid unfused defects at the bottom, the gap width must be large enough to ensure that the beam is not blocked by the upper surface of the groove or the side wall and acts on the bottom of the groove, but when the gap is large, the fusion width of laser welding is limited due to the high concentration of laser energy , and sidewall unfused defects often appear. This contradiction between the accessibility of light and the lack of fusion of the sidewalls limits the range of weldable plate thickness for narrow gap laser welding. In the existing narrow-gap laser wire-filling welding research, most of the welding is completed by focusing the spot and combining with multi-spot combination or beam swinging in the gap, and increasing the fusion width through multi-spot combination and beam swing to solve the problem of unfused side wall defect. Due to the poor adaptability of the focused spot in the gap, the welding gap is wide. Although it can be solved by the above method, the method is difficult to operate. For different materials and thicknesses, it is necessary to optimize the welding parameters through a large number of experiments. It is necessary to have an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the narrow gap laser wire filler welding process, and adjust the welding parameters through experiments to improve the welding quality.
目前，常用的焊接过程监测手段包括高速摄像机(采集实时动态图像)和光谱仪(采集实时光谱信息)。但是由于窄间隙激光填丝焊的接头板厚较大、间隙较窄，常规的高速摄像等手段会受到窄间隙试板的阻挡，因此要观察其焊接过程，一般采用以下几种方法：At present, the commonly used welding process monitoring methods include high-speed cameras (to collect real-time dynamic images) and spectrometers (to collect real-time spectral information). However, due to the thicker joints and narrower gaps of narrow-gap laser wire-filled welding, conventional high-speed cameras and other means will be blocked by narrow-gap test plates. Therefore, the following methods are generally used to observe the welding process:
①通过坡口观察激光填丝焊在焊接行走方向上的焊接情况。但是这种情况下激光会遮挡住熔滴，无法准确看到熔滴过渡和熔池流动的情况。另外，该方法也不适用于焊接过程的光谱分析。① Observe the welding condition of laser wire filler welding in the direction of welding travel through the groove. However, in this case, the laser will block the droplet, and the transition of the droplet and the flow of the molten pool cannot be accurately seen. In addition, this method is not suitable for spectral analysis of the welding process.
②用平板堆焊的方法观察激光填丝焊的侧壁焊接情况。该方法虽可以观察到激光填丝焊侧壁的熔滴过渡，也适用于焊接过程的光谱分析，但是该方法未考虑坡口反射激光对熔滴过渡的影响，并不能反映窄间隙激光填丝焊的“原位”焊接情况。②Observe the welding condition of the side wall of the laser filler wire welding with the method of flat surfacing welding. Although this method can observe the droplet transfer on the side wall of laser wire-filling welding, it is also suitable for the spectral analysis of the welding process, but this method does not consider the influence of the groove reflected laser on the droplet transfer, and cannot reflect the narrow gap laser wire filling. "In situ" welding conditions for welding.
上述不足阻碍了人们深入了解窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程特征及稳定性，也影响了工程中对激光填丝焊参数的优化。因此，亟需一种可模拟窄间隙激光填丝焊的焊接过程并进行实时焊缝侧壁“准原位”监测装置。The above deficiencies prevent people from in-depth understanding of the process characteristics and stability of narrow gap laser wire filler welding, and also affect the optimization of laser wire filler welding parameters in engineering. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can simulate the welding process of narrow-gap laser wire-filled welding and perform real-time "quasi-in-situ" monitoring of the side wall of the weld.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的发明目的是提供一种模拟厚板窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程及实时监测的装置。该装置可以模拟窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程，并对该过程进行实时监测。且该装置结构简单，操作方便，适合于在实验室、工程实际中大量应用。The purpose of the invention of the utility model is to provide a device for simulating the process of thick plate narrow gap laser wire filling welding process and real-time monitoring. The device can simulate the narrow gap laser wire filler welding process and monitor the process in real time. Moreover, the device has simple structure and convenient operation, and is suitable for a large number of applications in laboratories and engineering practice.
本实用新型实现其发明目的所采取的技术方案是：一种模拟厚板窄间隙激光填丝焊接并实时监测的装置，包括焊接模拟部、实时监测部和数据处理部，其结构特点是：The technical solution adopted by the utility model to achieve the purpose of the invention is: a device for simulating thick plate narrow gap laser wire welding and real-time monitoring, including a welding simulation part, a real-time monitoring part and a data processing part, and its structural characteristics are:
所述焊接模拟部包括装配夹紧的金属试板和GG17玻璃试板；用于进行激光填丝焊的激光束；用于输送焊接保护气的窄间隙送气管；用于输送焊丝的窄间隙专用送丝枪和焊丝；所述金属试板和GG17玻璃试板接触处开设有模拟实际焊接接头的窄间隙坡口；The welding simulation part includes a metal test plate and a GG17 glass test plate for assembly and clamping; a laser beam for laser wire filler welding; a narrow gap gas supply pipe for transporting welding shielding gas; a narrow gap dedicated for transporting welding wire Wire feed gun and welding wire; the contact between the metal test plate and the GG17 glass test plate is provided with a narrow gap groove simulating the actual welding joint;
所述实时监测部包括布置在GG17玻璃试板一侧正对焊接区域的高速摄像机、光纤探头和激光辅助光源，所述光纤探头与光谱仪连接；The real-time monitoring part includes a high-speed camera, an optical fiber probe and a laser auxiliary light source arranged on one side of the GG17 glass test plate facing the welding area, and the optical fiber probe is connected to the spectrometer;
所述光谱仪和高速摄像机的输出端均与数据处理部的输入端口连接。Both the output ends of the spectrometer and the high-speed camera are connected with the input ports of the data processing unit.
本实用新型的使用方法是：开启激光器引入激光束后可模拟窄间隙内部的激光填丝焊接过程。在焊接过程中，用激光辅助光源为焊接区域提供激光照明，光纤探头和高速摄像机对准焊接区域进行焊接区域监测，采集窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口内部的焊接区域实时图像及相关光谱信息，具体采集方式是：光纤探头采集焊接区域的光谱信息并输到光谱仪进行光谱信息分析；光谱仪将相关光谱数据传输到数据处理部；高速摄像机采集焊接区域的图片信息并传输到数据处理部；通过数据处理部的数据运算处理，即可得到窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口内部的焊接区域实时图像及相关光谱信息。The usage method of the utility model is: after the laser device is turned on and the laser beam is introduced, the laser wire-filling welding process inside the narrow gap can be simulated. During the welding process, the laser auxiliary light source is used to provide laser illumination for the welding area, and the fiber optic probe and high-speed camera are aimed at the welding area to monitor the welding area, and collect real-time images and related spectral information of the welding area inside the narrow gap laser filler wire welding groove, The specific acquisition method is: the optical fiber probe collects the spectral information of the welding area and transmits it to the spectrometer for spectral information analysis; the spectrometer transmits the relevant spectral data to the data processing department; the high-speed camera collects the picture information of the welding area and transmits it to the data processing department; The data calculation and processing of the processing part can obtain the real-time image and related spectral information of the welding area inside the narrow gap laser wire filler welding groove.
焊接区域监测包括熔池流动监测、等离子体监测和熔滴过渡监测；Welding area monitoring includes molten pool flow monitoring, plasma monitoring and droplet transfer monitoring;
所述熔池流动监测的具体做法是：用激光辅助光源为焊接熔池提供激光照明；光纤探头和高速摄像机对准焊接熔池；光纤探头采集焊接熔池的光谱信息并输到光谱仪进行光谱信息分析；光谱仪将相关光谱数据传输到数据处理部；高速摄像机采集焊接熔池的图片信息并传输到数据处理部；通过数据处理部的数据运算处理，即可得到窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口内部的焊接熔池流动实时图像及光谱信息。通过监测熔池流动，可以明确激光填丝焊中熔池中的液态金属在焊接过程中的流动行为，同时也可以用于观察熔滴进入熔池后对熔池流动的影响。The specific method of the molten pool flow monitoring is as follows: use laser auxiliary light source to provide laser illumination for the welding molten pool; align the optical fiber probe and the high-speed camera at the welding molten pool; collect the spectral information of the welding molten pool with the optical fiber probe and send it to the spectrometer for spectral information Analysis; the spectrometer transmits the relevant spectral data to the data processing department; the high-speed camera collects the picture information of the welding pool and transmits it to the data processing department; through the data calculation and processing of the data processing department, the inside of the narrow gap laser wire filler welding groove can be obtained Real-time images and spectral information of weld pool flow. By monitoring the flow of the molten pool, the flow behavior of the liquid metal in the molten pool in the laser wire filler welding can be clarified, and it can also be used to observe the influence of the molten droplet entering the molten pool on the flow of the molten pool.
所述等离子体监测的具体做法是：用激光辅助光源为焊接熔池上方区域提供激光照明；光纤探头和高速摄像机对准焊接熔池上方区域；光纤探头采集焊接熔池上方等离子体的光谱信息并传输到光谱仪进行光谱信息分析；光谱仪将相关光谱数据传输到数据处理部，通过数据处理部的数据运算处理，即可得到窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口内部的等离子体光谱信息。金属在激光的作用下将发生蒸发、电离形成等离子体。等离子体会对激光产生反射、散射、吸收和负透镜效益，在不同程度上影响到焊缝的质量，通过观测等离子体信号可间接分析焊缝质量。The specific method of plasma monitoring is: use laser auxiliary light source to provide laser illumination for the area above the welding pool; aim the fiber optic probe and high-speed camera at the area above the welding pool; the fiber optic probe collects the spectral information of the plasma above the welding pool and It is transmitted to the spectrometer for spectral information analysis; the spectrometer transmits the relevant spectral data to the data processing unit, and through the data calculation and processing of the data processing unit, the plasma spectral information inside the narrow gap laser wire welding groove can be obtained. Under the action of laser, the metal will evaporate and ionize to form plasma. The plasma will reflect, scatter, absorb and negatively lens the laser, which will affect the quality of the weld to varying degrees. The quality of the weld can be analyzed indirectly by observing the plasma signal.
所述熔滴过渡监测的具体做法是：用激光辅助光源为焊接熔池上方区域提供激光照明；高速摄像机采集焊接熔池上方熔滴过渡的图片信息并传输到数据处理部，通过数据处理部的数据运算处理，即可得到窄间隙激光填丝焊坡口内部的熔滴过渡图像。熔滴过渡监测作用：熔滴过渡是激光填丝焊区别于激光自熔焊的重要特征。通过监测熔滴过渡，一方面可以了解焊丝熔化进入熔池的方式及其稳定性，另一方面也可以观察到激光与焊丝、熔滴之间的相互作用。The specific method of the droplet transition monitoring is: use the laser auxiliary light source to provide laser illumination for the area above the welding pool; the high-speed camera collects the picture information of the droplet transition above the welding pool and transmits it to the data processing department. Through data calculation and processing, the droplet transition image inside the narrow gap laser wire filler welding groove can be obtained. Droplet transfer monitoring function: droplet transfer is an important feature that distinguishes laser welding from laser self-fluxing welding. By monitoring the droplet transfer, on the one hand, the way and stability of the welding wire melting into the molten pool can be understood, and on the other hand, the interaction between the laser, the welding wire and the droplet can be observed.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
一、通过GG17玻璃模拟窄间隙激光填丝焊试板，能够模拟实时焊接过程，避免了常规金属试板对窄间隙内部焊接过程的阻挡，从而可以使用光纤探头、光谱仪和高速摄像机直接观察到窄间隙激光填丝焊的“原位”实时情况，达到实时、原位观察的效果，利于发现焊接过程中的异常情况，特别适合深入了解窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程(熔滴过渡、熔池流动，等离子体变化等)及进一步优化焊接工艺参数。1. The narrow-gap laser wire-filled welding test plate is simulated by GG17 glass, which can simulate the real-time welding process and avoid the obstruction of the internal welding process of the narrow gap by the conventional metal test plate, so that the narrow gap can be directly observed by using optical fiber probes, spectrometers and high-speed cameras. The "in-situ" real-time situation of gap laser wire-filled welding achieves the effect of real-time and in-situ observation, which is conducive to finding abnormal conditions during the welding process, and is especially suitable for in-depth understanding of the narrow-gap laser wire-filled welding process (droplet transfer, molten pool flow , plasma changes, etc.) and further optimize the welding process parameters.
二、激光辅助光源可以为高速摄像获取清晰的焊接过程影像提供光源，高速摄像机可采集实时的熔池流动和熔滴过渡动态图像，光纤探头可采集实时等离子体新信号等光谱信息，光谱仪和高速摄像机实时将采集到的光谱信息和图像传输给数据处理部，从而分析焊接和焊缝质量，实时调整优化焊接工艺参数。2. The laser auxiliary light source can provide light source for high-speed camera to obtain clear welding process images. The high-speed camera can collect real-time dynamic images of molten pool flow and droplet transition. The camera transmits the collected spectral information and images to the data processing department in real time, so as to analyze the quality of welding and weld seam, and adjust and optimize welding process parameters in real time.
三、该装置可在大量焊接前进行试验，了解窄间隙激光填丝焊接过程特征及稳定性，优化焊接工艺，节约了焊接成本，保证了焊接质量；而且该装置结构简单，成本低，有利于在实验室、工程实际中的大量应用。3. The device can be tested before a large amount of welding to understand the characteristics and stability of the narrow gap laser wire filler welding process, optimize the welding process, save welding costs, and ensure the welding quality; moreover, the device has a simple structure and low cost, which is beneficial A large number of applications in laboratories and engineering practice.
进一步，本实用新型所述实时监测部还包括监测焊接热的测温单元，所述测温单元包括布置在金属试板表面，靠近窄间隙坡口间隔排列的若干个温度传感器，所述温度传感器的输出端均与数据处理部的输入端口连接。Further, the real-time monitoring part of the utility model also includes a temperature measurement unit for monitoring welding heat, and the temperature measurement unit includes several temperature sensors arranged on the surface of the metal test plate and arranged at intervals close to the groove of the narrow gap. The output ports of all are connected with the input port of the data processing part.
温度传感器可对焊接过程中靠近窄间隙坡口不同位置处的温度进行监测，不同位置处的温度能够反映激光填丝焊对焊接金属试板的焊接热循环，可以与后期的组织性能测试结合分析激光热源对金属试板的热作用情况，进一步优化焊接工艺参数。The temperature sensor can monitor the temperature at different positions close to the narrow gap groove during the welding process. The temperature at different positions can reflect the welding thermal cycle of the laser wire filler welding to the welded metal test plate, which can be combined with the later tissue performance test. The heat effect of the laser heat source on the metal test plate further optimizes the welding process parameters.
更进一步，本实用新型所述测温单元的温度传感器包括在金属试板下表面，靠近窄间隙坡口钝边且距窄间隙坡口钝边呈梯度距离间隔排列布置的若干个温度传感器，相邻两个温度传感器距窄间隙坡口钝边的垂直距离相差3-7mm。Furthermore, the temperature sensor of the temperature measuring unit described in the utility model includes several temperature sensors arranged at intervals on the lower surface of the metal test plate, close to the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove and arranged at intervals in a gradient distance from the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove. The vertical distance between two adjacent temperature sensors and the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove is 3-7mm different.
这样，可以监测底部焊接热传导情况，分析激光热源对金属试板底部的热作用情况，进一步优化焊接工艺参数；经试验验证，距坡口钝边每3-7mm的距离布置一个温度传感器差距可保证对热传导情况的侧壁实时监测。In this way, the heat conduction of the bottom welding can be monitored, the heat effect of the laser heat source on the bottom of the metal test plate can be analyzed, and the welding process parameters can be further optimized; it has been verified by experiments that the distance between a temperature sensor every 3-7mm from the blunt edge of the groove can ensure that Sidewall real-time monitoring of heat conduction.
再进一步，本实用新型所述测温单元的温度传感器包括在金属试板前表面、后表面和上表面，靠近窄间隙坡口且距窄间隙坡口呈梯度距离间隔排列布置的若干个温度传感器，相邻两个温度传感器距窄间隙坡口侧壁或钝边的垂直距离相差3-7mm。Still further, the temperature sensor of the temperature measuring unit described in the utility model includes a number of temperature sensors arranged at intervals in a gradient distance from the narrow gap groove on the front surface, the rear surface and the upper surface of the metal test plate, The vertical distance between two adjacent temperature sensors and the narrow gap groove side wall or blunt edge is 3-7mm different.
这样，可以监测侧壁焊接热传导情况，分析激光热源对金属试板侧壁的热作用情况，进一步优化焊接工艺参数；经试验验证，距坡口钝边或侧壁每3-7mm的距离布置一个温度传感器差距可保证对热传导情况的实时监测。In this way, it is possible to monitor the heat conduction of the side wall welding, analyze the heat effect of the laser heat source on the side wall of the metal test plate, and further optimize the welding process parameters; it has been verified by experiments that one is arranged every 3-7mm from the blunt edge of the groove or the side wall. A temperature sensor gap ensures real-time monitoring of heat conduction.
进一步，所述产生激光束的激光器的控制端、窄间隙送气管的控制端、窄间隙专用送丝枪的控制端、高速摄像机的控制端、光谱仪的控制端、激光辅助光源的控制端、数据处理部均与控制中心连接。Further, the control terminal of the laser that generates the laser beam, the control terminal of the narrow gap air supply pipe, the control terminal of the special wire feed gun for narrow gap, the control terminal of the high-speed camera, the control terminal of the spectrometer, the control terminal of the laser auxiliary light source, the data The processing units are all connected with the control center.
这样，激光束、窄间隙送气管和窄间隙专用送丝枪的移动和作业均通过控制中心控制，而且控制中心还可同时控制高速摄像机、光谱仪和激光辅助光源始终对准焊接区域，并根据数据处理部采集的数据信息调整激光器所发出的激光束的强度和角度、窄间隙送气管的送气速度和窄间隙专用送丝枪的送丝速度。这样实现了模拟焊接过程并实时监测的自动化，大大提高了模拟焊接过程、监测并优化焊接工艺参数的效率。In this way, the movement and operation of the laser beam, narrow-gap gas supply pipe and narrow-gap special wire feed gun are all controlled by the control center, and the control center can also simultaneously control the high-speed camera, spectrometer and laser auxiliary light source to always align with the welding area, and according to the data The data information collected by the processing unit adjusts the intensity and angle of the laser beam emitted by the laser, the air supply speed of the narrow gap air supply pipe and the wire feeding speed of the narrow gap special wire feeding gun. In this way, the automation of simulating the welding process and real-time monitoring is realized, which greatly improves the efficiency of simulating the welding process, monitoring and optimizing welding process parameters.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型实施例一装置的三维结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2为本实用新型实施例一焊接模拟部的正视图。Fig. 2 is a front view of a welding simulation part of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图3为本实用新型实施例一焊接模拟部的右视图。Fig. 3 is a right side view of a welding simulation part of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
图4为本实用新型实施例一温度传感器在金属试板底部的布置位置示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the temperature sensor at the bottom of the metal test plate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图中，12为焊接熔池，13为焊缝，14为温度传感器。In the figure, 12 is a welding puddle, 13 is a weld seam, and 14 is a temperature sensor.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例一Embodiment one
图1示出，一种模拟厚板窄间隙激光填丝焊接并实时监测的装置，包括焊接模拟部、实时监测部和数据处理部10，其结构特点是：Figure 1 shows a device for simulating thick plate narrow gap laser wire welding and real-time monitoring, including a welding simulation part, a real-time monitoring part and a data processing part 10, and its structural characteristics are:
所述焊接模拟部包括装配夹紧的金属试板1和GG17玻璃试板2；用于进行激光填丝焊的激光束3；用于输送焊接保护气的窄间隙送气管4；用于输送焊丝5的窄间隙专用送丝枪6和焊丝5；所述金属试板1和GG17玻璃试板2接触处开设有模拟实际焊接接头的窄间隙坡口；图2为本例焊接模拟部的正视图，图3为本发例焊接模拟部的右视图。本例中，所述窄间隙送气管4与水平面呈78～82°；窄间隙专用送丝枪6与水平面呈45°～70°，引入的激光束3与垂直方向呈5°～10°。The welding simulation part includes an assembled and clamped metal test plate 1 and a GG17 glass test plate 2; a laser beam 3 for laser wire filler welding; a narrow gap air supply pipe 4 for transporting welding shielding gas; 5 special wire feed gun 6 and welding wire 5 for narrow gaps; the metal test plate 1 and the GG17 glass test plate 2 are in contact with a narrow gap groove that simulates the actual welding joint; Figure 2 is the front view of the welding simulation part of this example , Fig. 3 is the right side view of the welding simulation part of the present invention. In this example, the narrow-gap air supply pipe 4 is 78-82° to the horizontal plane; the narrow-gap special wire feed gun 6 is 45°-70° to the horizontal plane, and the introduced laser beam 3 is 5°-10° to the vertical direction.
所述实时监测部包括布置在GG17玻璃试板2一侧正对焊接区域的高速摄像机8、光纤探头7和激光辅助光源9，所述光纤探头7与光谱仪11连接；The real-time monitoring section includes a high-speed camera 8 arranged on one side of the GG17 glass test plate 2 facing the welding area, an optical fiber probe 7 and a laser auxiliary light source 9, and the optical fiber probe 7 is connected to a spectrometer 11;
所述光谱仪11和高速摄像机8的输出端均与数据处理部10的输入端口连接。Both the output ends of the spectrometer 11 and the high-speed camera 8 are connected to the input port of the data processing unit 10 .
本例中所述实时监测部还包括监测焊接热的测温单元，所述测温单元包括布置在金属试板1表面，靠近窄间隙坡口处间隔排列的若干个温度传感器，所述温度传感器的输出端均与数据处理部10的输入端口连接。所述测温单元的温度传感器包括在金属试板1下表面，靠近窄间隙坡口钝边且距窄间隙坡口钝边呈梯度距离间隔排列布置的若干个温度传感器，相邻两个温度传感器距窄间隙坡口钝边的垂直距离相差3-7mm。In this example, the real-time monitoring section also includes a temperature measurement unit for monitoring welding heat, and the temperature measurement unit includes several temperature sensors arranged on the surface of the metal test plate 1 and arranged at intervals near the groove of the narrow gap. The output terminals of are all connected to the input ports of the data processing unit 10. The temperature sensor of the temperature measurement unit includes a number of temperature sensors arranged at intervals on the lower surface of the metal test plate 1, close to the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove and arranged at intervals in a gradient distance from the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove, two adjacent temperature sensors The vertical distance from the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove is 3-7mm.
图4示出，温度传感器的一种排列方式。如果传感器完全按照与焊缝垂直的方式排成一列，由于传感器的尺寸，一些位置可能受到传感器的遮挡无法布置更多传感器，为了尽可能多地获得距焊缝不同距离的点的温度。本例中将温度传感器交错排列成与焊缝呈一定角度的斜线。这样，采集点的位置就可以不受传感器尺寸的影响。FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of temperature sensors. If the sensors are completely arranged in a row perpendicular to the weld, due to the size of the sensor, some positions may be blocked by the sensor and more sensors cannot be arranged, in order to obtain the temperature of points at different distances from the weld as much as possible. In this example, the temperature sensors are staggered to form a diagonal line at a certain angle to the weld. In this way, the location of the acquisition point can be independent of the size of the sensor.
实施例二Embodiment two
一种模拟厚板窄间隙激光填丝焊接并实时监测的装置，包括焊接模拟部、实时监测部和数据处理部10，其结构特点是：A device for simulating narrow-gap laser wire welding of thick plates and real-time monitoring, including a welding simulation part, a real-time monitoring part and a data processing part 10, and its structural features are:
所述焊接模拟部包括装配夹紧的金属试板1和GG17玻璃试板2；用于进行激光填丝焊的激光束3；用于输送焊接保护气的窄间隙送气管4；用于输送焊丝5的窄间隙专用送丝枪6和焊丝5；所述金属试板1和GG17玻璃试板2接触处开设有模拟实际焊接接头的窄间隙坡口；The welding simulation part includes an assembled and clamped metal test plate 1 and a GG17 glass test plate 2; a laser beam 3 for laser wire filler welding; a narrow gap air supply pipe 4 for transporting welding shielding gas; 5 special wire feed gun 6 and welding wire 5 for narrow gap; the metal test plate 1 and the GG17 glass test plate 2 are in contact with a narrow gap groove that simulates the actual welding joint;
所述实时监测部包括布置在GG17玻璃试板2一侧正对焊接区域的高速摄像机8、光纤探头7和激光辅助光源9，所述光纤探头7与光谱仪11连接；The real-time monitoring section includes a high-speed camera 8 arranged on one side of the GG17 glass test plate 2 facing the welding area, an optical fiber probe 7 and a laser auxiliary light source 9, and the optical fiber probe 7 is connected to a spectrometer 11;
所述光谱仪11和高速摄像机8的输出端均与数据处理部10的输入端口连接。Both the output ends of the spectrometer 11 and the high-speed camera 8 are connected to the input port of the data processing unit 10 .
本例中所述实时监测部还包括监测焊接热的测温单元，所述测温单元包括布置在金属试板1表面，靠近窄间隙坡口间隔排列的若干个温度传感器，所述温度传感器的输出端均与数据处理部10的输入端口连接。In this example, the real-time monitoring section also includes a temperature measurement unit for monitoring welding heat, and the temperature measurement unit includes a plurality of temperature sensors arranged on the surface of the metal test plate 1 and arranged at intervals close to the groove of the narrow gap. The output terminals are all connected to the input ports of the data processing unit 10 .
本例中所述测温单元的温度传感器包括在金属试板1下表面，靠近窄间隙坡口钝边且距窄间隙坡口钝边呈梯度距离间隔排列布置的若干个温度传感器，还包括在金属试板1前表面、后表面和上表面，靠近窄间隙坡口且距窄间隙坡口呈梯度距离间隔排列布置的若干个温度传感器，相邻两个温度传感器距窄间隙坡口侧壁或钝边的垂直距离相差3-7mm。The temperature sensor of the temperature measurement unit described in this example includes a number of temperature sensors arranged at intervals on the lower surface of the metal test plate 1, which are close to the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove and are arranged at intervals in a gradient distance from the blunt edge of the narrow gap groove. The front surface, the rear surface and the upper surface of the metal test plate 1, a number of temperature sensors arranged at intervals near the narrow-gap groove and in a gradient distance from the narrow-gap groove, two adjacent temperature sensors are separated from the narrow-gap groove side wall or The vertical distance of the blunt edge differs by 3-7mm.
本例中所述产生激光束3的激光器的控制端、窄间隙送气管4的控制端、窄间隙专用送丝枪6的控制端、高速摄像机8的控制端、光谱仪11的控制端、激光辅助光源9的控制端、数据处理部10均与控制中心连接。The control end of the laser that produces the laser beam 3 described in this example, the control end of the narrow gap air supply pipe 4, the control end of the special wire feed gun 6 for narrow gap, the control end of the high-speed camera 8, the control end of the spectrometer 11, the laser auxiliary Both the control end of the light source 9 and the data processing unit 10 are connected to the control center.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621453550.XUCN206286711U (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | A kind of device for simulating slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and real-time monitoring |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621453550.XUCN206286711U (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | A kind of device for simulating slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and real-time monitoring |
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| CN206286711Utrue CN206286711U (en) | 2017-06-30 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201621453550.XUActiveCN206286711U (en) | 2016-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | A kind of device for simulating slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and real-time monitoring |
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| CN106735897A (en)* | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 西南交通大学 | The device and method of simulation slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and real-time monitoring |
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| CN106735897A (en)* | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 西南交通大学 | The device and method of simulation slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and real-time monitoring |
| CN106735897B (en)* | 2016-12-28 | 2018-06-29 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation slab narrow gap laser filling wire welding and the device and method monitored in real time |
| CN108608113A (en)* | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-02 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of adaptive laser soldering device and application method based on cooling velocity |
| CN111299828A (en)* | 2019-11-27 | 2020-06-19 | 北京工业大学 | Ultra-narrow gap laser wire-filled thermal conduction welding method for thick plates |
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