技术领域technical field
本实用新型功率放大器，具体涉及一种X波段固态功率放大器。The utility model relates to a power amplifier, in particular to an X-band solid-state power amplifier.
背景技术Background technique
微波功率放大器从元器件分类主要分为行波管功率放大器和固态功率放大器。行波管功率放大器的输出功率大、覆盖频带宽，但使用寿命短，且由于使用的电压很高(达数千伏特)对电源设备要求较大并由此带来可靠性、安全性较低等问题，目前固态功率放大器由于有稳定性高、使用电压低等优点成为未来发展的方向。Microwave power amplifiers are mainly divided into traveling wave tube power amplifiers and solid-state power amplifiers from the classification of components. The output power of the traveling wave tube power amplifier is large, and the frequency coverage is wide, but the service life is short, and due to the high voltage used (up to several thousand volts), the requirements for the power supply equipment are relatively large, which leads to low reliability and safety. At present, solid-state power amplifiers have become the direction of future development due to their advantages such as high stability and low operating voltage.
现代雷达或通讯设备的覆盖范围或通讯距离主要取决于位于整个系统末端的功率放大器，所以市场对大功率功率放大器的需求是巨大的。而固态微波放大器单片(MMIC或功率内匹配管单管)输出能力有限，GaAs输出能力为12W左右，为了进一步提高输出功率需要对其进行功率合成。The coverage or communication distance of modern radar or communication equipment mainly depends on the power amplifier located at the end of the entire system, so the market demand for high-power power amplifiers is huge. However, the solid-state microwave amplifier monolithic (MMIC or power internal matching tube single-tube) has limited output capability, and the GaAs output capability is about 12W. In order to further increase the output power, it needs to be power-combined.
功率放大器能耗大，功耗在整个系统功耗中比重大，所以提高功率放大器的效率对提高雷达整机的效率有明显改善作用，并且功放提高效率就降低了对电源和散热的要求。电源输出要求降低对电源内部的开关、电感、二极管等主要器件的电压、电流、热耗等要求均有大幅降低，可提高电源模块的可靠性与使用寿命；一般大功率放大器需要的散热翅片，风冷或水冷系统会占据50％以上的体积，散热要求的降低对散热系统的小型化有着重要的影响。The power amplifier consumes a lot of energy, and the power consumption accounts for a large proportion of the power consumption of the entire system. Therefore, improving the efficiency of the power amplifier can significantly improve the efficiency of the radar machine, and the improvement of the efficiency of the power amplifier reduces the requirements for power supply and heat dissipation. Power supply output requirements are reduced. The voltage, current, and heat consumption requirements of main components such as switches, inductors, and diodes inside the power supply are greatly reduced, which can improve the reliability and service life of the power module; the cooling fins required by general high-power amplifiers , the air-cooled or water-cooled system will occupy more than 50% of the volume, and the reduction of heat dissipation requirements has an important impact on the miniaturization of the heat dissipation system.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有技术的不足，本实用新型公开了一种X波段固态功率放大器。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model discloses an X-band solid-state power amplifier.
本实用新型的技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
一种X波段固态功率放大器，包括驱动电路、第一功分器、四个功放电路以及第一功合器；An X-band solid-state power amplifier, including a drive circuit, a first power divider, four power amplifier circuits and a first power combiner;
所述驱动电路包括依次串联的粗调数控衰减器、细调数控衰减器、第一中功率放大器、第二中功率放大器和第一隔离器；所述粗调数控衰减器的型号为WSD000180-03-1，其信号输入端为固态功率放大器的输入端，其信号输出端连接所述细调数控衰减器的信号输入端；所述细调数控衰减器的的型号为WSD060180-6，其信号输出端连接所述第一中功率放大器的信号输入端；所述第一中功率放大器的型号为WFD080120-P24，其信号输出端连接所述第二中功率放大器的信号输入端；所述第二中功率放大器的型号是WFD060180-P31，其信号输出端连接所述第一隔离器的信号输入端；The driving circuit includes a coarse-tuning digital control attenuator, a fine-tuning digital control attenuator, a first medium power amplifier, a second medium power amplifier and a first isolator connected in series; the model of the coarse tuning digital control attenuator is WSD000180-03 -1, its signal input terminal is the input terminal of the solid-state power amplifier, and its signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the fine-tuning digital control attenuator; the model of the fine-tuning digital control attenuator is WSD060180-6, and its signal output The terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the first medium power amplifier; the model of the first medium power amplifier is WFD080120-P24, and its signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the second medium power amplifier; the second medium power amplifier The model of the power amplifier is WFD060180-P31, and its signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the first isolator;
所述第一功分器为1-4功分器；所述第一隔离器的信号输出端连接所述第一功分器的信号输入端；所述第一功分器的四个信号输出端分别连接四个功放电路的信号输入端；The first power divider is a 1-4 power divider; the signal output end of the first isolator is connected to the signal input end of the first power divider; the four signal outputs of the first power divider The terminals are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the four power amplifier circuits;
所述功放电路包括第二功分器、两个高功率放大器、第二功合器和第二隔离器；所述第二功分器为1-2功分器；第一功分器的信号输出端连接所述第二功分器的信号输入端；所述第二功分器的两个信号输出端分别连接两个高功率放大器的信号输入端；所述高功率放大器的型号为WFD080120-P41-1；所述第二功合器为2-1功合器；两个高功率放大器的信号输出端分别连接第二功合器的两个信号输入端；所述第二功合器的信号输出端连接所述第二隔离器的信号输入端；所述第二隔离器的型号为WG902A12；The power amplifier circuit includes a second power divider, two high power amplifiers, a second power combiner and a second isolator; the second power divider is a 1-2 power divider; the signal of the first power divider The output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the second power divider; the two signal output terminals of the second power divider are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of two high-power amplifiers; the model of the high-power amplifier is WFD080120- P41-1; the second power combiner is a 2-1 power combiner; the signal output ends of the two high-power amplifiers are respectively connected to the two signal input ends of the second power combiner; The signal output terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the second isolator; the model of the second isolator is WG902A12;
四个功放电路的结构相同；The structures of the four power amplifier circuits are the same;
所述第一功合器为4-1功合器；所述第二隔离器的信号输出端连接所述第一功合器的信号输入端；所述第一功合器的信号输出端为固态功率放大器的输出端。The first power combiner is a 4-1 power combiner; the signal output end of the second isolator is connected to the signal input end of the first power combiner; the signal output end of the first power combiner is The output of the solid-state power amplifier.
本实用新型的有益技术效果是：The beneficial technical effect of the utility model is:
本实用新型将放大能力有限的单片高功率放大器进行功率合成，可将小信号放大到50W输出，并且可根据外部控制码对输出功率进行调节。且由于本实用新型采用模块化设计，其优势在于降低产品风险，若一个模块不能达到设计指标，更改方案时仅需要对该模块进行处理，减少相关影响。The utility model performs power synthesis on a single-chip high-power amplifier with limited amplification capability, can amplify a small signal to 50W output, and can adjust the output power according to an external control code. And because the utility model adopts a modular design, its advantage lies in reducing product risks. If a module cannot meet the design index, only the module needs to be processed when changing the plan, reducing related impacts.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的示意图。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model.
具体实施方式detailed description
图1是本实用新型的示意图。如图1所示，本实用新型包括驱动电路1、第一功分器2、四个功放电路3～6以及第一功合器7。Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model. As shown in FIG. 1 , the utility model includes a drive circuit 1 , a first power divider 2 , four power amplifier circuits 3 to 6 and a first power combiner 7 .
驱动电路1包括依次串联的粗调数控衰减器11、细调数控衰减器12、第一中功率放大器13、第二中功率放大器14和第一隔离器15；粗调数控衰减器11的型号为WSD000180-03-1，其信号输入端为固态功率放大器的输入端，其信号输出端连接细调数控衰减器12的信号输入端；细调数控衰减器12的的型号为WSD060180-6，其信号输出端连接第一中功率放大器13的信号输入端；第一中功率放大器13的型号为WFD080120-P24，其信号输出端连接第二中功率放大器14的信号输入端；第二中功率放大器14的型号是WFD060180-P31，其信号输出端连接第一隔离器15的信号输入端。The drive circuit 1 includes a coarse-tuning digitally controlled attenuator 11, a fine-tuning digitally controlled attenuator 12, a first medium power amplifier 13, a second medium-power amplifier 14 and a first isolator 15 connected in series; the model of the coarsely tuned digitally controlled attenuator 11 is WSD000180-03-1, its signal input end is the input end of solid-state power amplifier, and its signal output end is connected to the signal input end of fine-tuning digital control attenuator 12; the model of fine-tuning digital control attenuator 12 is WSD060180-6, and its signal The output end connects the signal input end of the first middle power amplifier 13; The model of the first middle power amplifier 13 is WFD080120-P24, and its signal output end connects the signal input end of the second middle power amplifier 14; The second middle power amplifier 14 The model is WFD060180-P31, the signal output end of which is connected to the signal input end of the first isolator 15 .
驱动电路1中依次串联有两个数控衰减器，其中粗调数控衰减器11对固态放大器的增益进行粗调，细调数控衰减器12对固态放大器的增益进行细调。了改善高低温下、整个频带内的增益特性。Two digitally controlled attenuators are sequentially connected in series in the drive circuit 1, wherein the coarsely adjustable digitally controlled attenuator 11 performs coarse adjustment of the gain of the solid-state amplifier, and the finely adjustable digitally controlled attenuator 12 finely adjusts the gain of the solid-state amplifier. In order to improve the gain characteristics in the whole frequency band at high and low temperature.
之后驱动电路1通过第一功分器2连接四个功放电路3～6。这是由于单独的每个功放电路所能放大的功率有限，所以通过四个功放电路，共八个高功率放大器进行放大。Then the drive circuit 1 is connected to four power amplifier circuits 3 - 6 through the first power divider 2 . This is because the power that can be amplified by each individual power amplifier circuit is limited, so four power amplifier circuits are used to amplify a total of eight high-power amplifiers.
第一功分器2为1-4第一功分器。第一隔离器15的信号输出端连接第一功分器2的信号输入端。第一功分器2的四个信号输出端分别连接四个功放电路3～6的信号输入端。The first power divider 2 is a 1-4 first power divider. The signal output terminal of the first isolator 15 is connected to the signal input terminal of the first power divider 2 . The four signal output terminals of the first power divider 2 are respectively connected to the signal input terminals of the four power amplifier circuits 3-6.
功放电路3包括第二功分器31、两个高功率放大器32、33、第二功合器34和第二隔离器35；第二功分器31为1-2功分器；第一功分器2的信号输出端连接第二功分器31的信号输入端；第二功分器31的两个信号输出端分别连接两个高功率放大器32、33的信号输入端；高功率放大器32、33的型号为WFD080120-P41-1；第二功合器34为2-1功合器；两个高功率放大器32、33的信号输出端分别连接第二功合器34的两个信号输入端；第二功合器34的信号输出端连接第二隔离器35的信号输入端；四个功放电路3～6的结构相同。The power amplifier circuit 3 comprises a second power divider 31, two high power amplifiers 32, 33, a second power combiner 34 and a second isolator 35; the second power divider 31 is a 1-2 power divider; the first power divider The signal output end of divider 2 is connected the signal input end of second power divider 31; Two signal output ends of second power divider 31 are respectively connected the signal input ends of two high power amplifiers 32,33; High power amplifier 32 The model of , 33 is WFD080120-P41-1; The second power combiner 34 is a 2-1 power combiner; The signal output terminals of the two high power amplifiers 32, 33 are respectively connected to the two signal inputs of the second power combiner 34 end; the signal output end of the second power combiner 34 is connected to the signal input end of the second isolator 35; the structures of the four power amplifier circuits 3-6 are the same.
每个功放电路3中，都安装有2片GaAs赝配高电子迁移率功率管工艺制成的单片输出功率达12W的MMIC功率合成器，即高功率放大器32、33。高功率放大器32、33为威尔金森微带功合器，两个高功率放大器32、33的输出信号经过第二功合器34位2-1功合器输出后，经过第二隔离器35改善输出驻波后输出，由于每个高功率放大器的输出功率为12W，考虑系统损耗和其他因素之后，功放电路的输出功率为20W。Each power amplifier circuit 3 is equipped with two MMIC power combiners with a monolithic output power of 12W made by GaAs pseudo-high electron mobility power tube technology, that is, high power amplifiers 32 and 33 . The high-power amplifiers 32 and 33 are Wilkinson microstrip power combiners. After the output signals of the two high-power amplifiers 32 and 33 are output by the second power combiner 34-bit 2-1 power combiner, they pass through the second isolator 35 After improving the output standing wave, since the output power of each high-power amplifier is 12W, after considering system loss and other factors, the output power of the power amplifier circuit is 20W.
四个功放电路3～6的原理相同，彼此间功率一致性为0.5dB，相位一致性为8°，幅相一致性较好能够提高合成效率。考虑到放大器功率可调，调整方式为改变高功率放大器的输入，而高功率放大器在不同的输入功率时，其内部栅极输入或输出电流不一致，导致栅极电压产生偏移、功放工作状态不一致、4个功率放大模块输出功率幅度一致性变差，因此可以为每个高功率放大器的栅极设置恒压源，该恒压源不仅可以输出电流，也可以吸收电流，且负载调整率非常小，电压稳定效果较好，保证了每个MMIC在不同工作状态下输出的幅相一致性。The principles of the four power amplifier circuits 3-6 are the same, the power consistency among them is 0.5dB, the phase consistency is 8°, and the better amplitude-phase consistency can improve the combination efficiency. Considering that the power of the amplifier is adjustable, the adjustment method is to change the input of the high-power amplifier, and when the high-power amplifier has different input powers, its internal gate input or output current is inconsistent, resulting in deviation of the gate voltage and inconsistent working status of the power amplifier. 1. The consistency of the output power range of the four power amplifier modules becomes worse, so a constant voltage source can be set for the gate of each high power amplifier. The constant voltage source can not only output current, but also absorb current, and the load regulation rate is very small , the voltage stabilization effect is better, which ensures the consistency of the amplitude and phase output of each MMIC under different working conditions.
四个功放电路3～6的输出信号连接至第一功合器7。第一功合器7为3dB电桥。由于该功合器的输入信号功率较大，所以功合器内部的隔离电阻需使用承受功率大，且散热能力好的负载，3dB电桥与威尔金森功合器相对比，由于拓扑结构的原因，隔离电阻可以比较方便的使用大功率负载；3dB电桥的第二个优势在与合成支路的信号相位本身相差90°，这改善了公共支路的驻波，进而提高效率和可靠性。The output signals of the four power amplifier circuits 3 - 6 are connected to the first power combiner 7 . The first power combiner 7 is a 3dB electric bridge. Because the input signal power of the power combiner is relatively large, the isolation resistor inside the power combiner needs to use a load with high power and good heat dissipation capability. Compared with the Wilkinson power combiner, the 3dB bridge has a different topology. The reason is that the isolation resistance can be more convenient to use high-power loads; the second advantage of the 3dB bridge is that the signal phase of the synthetic branch is 90° different, which improves the standing wave of the common branch, thereby improving efficiency and reliability. .
第二隔离器35的信号输出端连接第一功合器7的信号输入端；第一功合器7的信号输出端为固态功率放大器的输出端。The signal output end of the second isolator 35 is connected to the signal input end of the first power combiner 7; the signal output end of the first power combiner 7 is the output end of the solid-state power amplifier.
本实用新型外部还可以增加电源控制模块和散热模块。电源控制模块的主要功能为电源转换、过流保护、过压保护、功放过温保护、上电时序保护、数控逻辑转换、对外指示灯控制等功能。散热模块采用散热翅片和轴流风扇组合进行强迫风冷，翅片尺寸形式、风扇风压、风量的选择使用热仿真软件进行仿真，确保功放芯片节温低于130摄氏度。The utility model can also increase a power supply control module and a cooling module. The main functions of the power control module are power conversion, over-current protection, over-voltage protection, power amplifier over-temperature protection, power-on sequence protection, numerical control logic conversion, external indicator light control and other functions. The cooling module uses a combination of cooling fins and axial flow fans for forced air cooling. The selection of fin size, fan pressure, and air volume is simulated using thermal simulation software to ensure that the junction temperature of the power amplifier chip is lower than 130 degrees Celsius.
本实用新型采用模块化设计，各模块间采用高频、低频连接器连接，采用模块化的优势在于降低产品风险，若一个模块不能达到设计指标，更改方案时仅需要对该模块进行处理，减少相关影响。The utility model adopts a modular design, and high-frequency and low-frequency connectors are used to connect each module. The advantage of using modularization is to reduce product risks. If a module cannot meet the design index, only the module needs to be processed when changing the scheme, reducing related impact.
本实用新型提到的各个功分器、功合器均为常见的电子元件，可直接购买市售产品，不再赘述其原理。Each power splitter and power combiner mentioned in the utility model are common electronic components, and commercially available products can be purchased directly, and the principle thereof will not be repeated.
以上所述的仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式，本实用新型不限于以上实施例。可以理解，本领域技术人员在不脱离本实用新型的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化，均应认为包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred implementations of the utility model, and the utility model is not limited to the above examples. It can be understood that other improvements and changes directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present utility model shall be considered to be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621371277.6UCN206226381U (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | A kind of X-band solid-state power amplifier |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621371277.6UCN206226381U (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | A kind of X-band solid-state power amplifier |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206226381Utrue CN206226381U (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621371277.6UExpired - Fee RelatedCN206226381U (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | A kind of X-band solid-state power amplifier |
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| CN (1) | CN206226381U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116647230A (en)* | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-efficiency high-power steady-state output solid-state microwave source applied to space plasma environment simulation device |
| CN119171843A (en)* | 2024-08-06 | 2024-12-20 | 中原电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十七研究所） | A Ka-band 2000W continuous wave power amplifier |
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| CN116647230A (en)* | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-efficiency high-power steady-state output solid-state microwave source applied to space plasma environment simulation device |
| CN119171843A (en)* | 2024-08-06 | 2024-12-20 | 中原电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十七研究所） | A Ka-band 2000W continuous wave power amplifier |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20170606 | |
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |