技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于太阳能复合利用技术领域，特别是一种光电-热电-热水一体化集成的单元式太阳能复合装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar energy composite utilization, in particular to a unit type solar energy composite device integrating photoelectricity, thermoelectricity and hot water.
背景技术Background technique
分析太阳辐射光谱的分布特点得到：99%的太阳辐射能量主要集中在可被利用的200～3400nm的波长范围。其中，以紫外和可见光为主的短波部分（波长在200至800nm之间）约占太阳辐射能量的58%，其余以红外光为主的长波部分（波长在800至3400nm之间）约占太阳辐射能量的42%。目前，利用相关能量材料将太阳辐射能直接转换为电能的方法有两种：一是光伏发电技术，它是利用光-电转换材料，将紫外光为主的短波辐射能直接转换为电能，其关键能量转换元件为光伏电池；二是热电发电技术（也被称为半导体温差发电技术），它是利用热-电转换材料，将红外光为主的长波辐射能直接转换为电能，其关键能量转换元件为半导体温差发电片。可见，上述2类太阳能直接发电技术，均只在各自对应的特殊光谱范围内实现太阳辐射能的有效转换。由此，利用光谱分光-反射原理，即可实现光伏发电技术与半导体温差发电技术的集成开发。该太阳能全光谱复合利用技术，既能在光伏发电环节有效避免长波的热效应副作用，对光伏电池板的发电效率和使用寿命产生不利影响，还能在常规光伏电量输出的基础上，借助光-热转换过程输出比例可观的额外温差发电量、以及集热体余热利用获得热水输出。该一体化太阳能复合利用技术，有望能最大程度地提高中低温区太阳辐射能的综合利用率，体现了节能思想。By analyzing the distribution characteristics of the solar radiation spectrum, it is obtained that 99% of the solar radiation energy is mainly concentrated in the usable wavelength range of 200-3400nm. Among them, the short-wave part mainly composed of ultraviolet and visible light (with a wavelength between 200 and 800nm) accounts for about 58% of the solar radiation energy, and the rest of the long-wave part mainly composed of infrared light (with a wavelength between 800 and 3400nm) accounts for about 58% of the solar radiation energy. 42% of radiant energy. At present, there are two ways to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy by using relevant energy materials: one is photovoltaic power generation technology, which uses photoelectric conversion materials to directly convert short-wave radiation energy dominated by ultraviolet light into electrical energy. The key energy conversion components are photovoltaic cells; the second is thermoelectric power generation technology (also known as semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology), which uses thermal-electric conversion materials to directly convert long-wave radiation energy dominated by infrared light into electrical energy, and its key energy The conversion element is a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet. It can be seen that the above two types of direct solar power generation technologies can only realize the effective conversion of solar radiation energy in their respective special spectral ranges. Therefore, the integrated development of photovoltaic power generation technology and semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology can be realized by using the principle of spectral spectroscopic-reflection. The solar full-spectrum composite utilization technology can not only effectively avoid the side effects of long-wave thermal effects in the photovoltaic power generation process, which will adversely affect the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic panels, but also use light-thermal energy on the basis of conventional photovoltaic power output. The conversion process outputs a considerable proportion of additional temperature difference power generation, and the waste heat of the collector is used to obtain hot water output. This integrated solar energy composite utilization technology is expected to maximize the comprehensive utilization rate of solar radiation energy in the medium and low temperature areas, reflecting the idea of energy saving.
尽管太阳辐射能的总量可观，但就地球表面单位面积分布的辐射能而言，太阳能实际属于低能量密度的分布式能源，热能供应不稳定且非连续性。尤其对于以光-热转换利用为基础的太阳能温差发电技术，更离不开“储能”。如果“储能”不足，就不能持续稳定供电。于是，开发出兼具聚光与蓄热两种功能的高性能集热体，成为光-热转换利用环节的技术关键。Although the total amount of solar radiant energy is considerable, in terms of the radiant energy distributed per unit area of the earth's surface, solar energy is actually a distributed energy source with low energy density, and the heat supply is unstable and discontinuous. Especially for solar thermal power generation technology based on light-to-heat conversion and utilization, "energy storage" is even more inseparable. If the "energy storage" is insufficient, the power supply cannot be sustained and stable. Therefore, the development of high-performance heat collectors with both functions of light concentrating and heat storage has become the key technology of light-to-heat conversion and utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种光电-热电-热水一体化集成的单元式太阳能复合系统装置。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a unit type solar energy composite system device integrating photoelectricity, thermoelectricity and hot water.
本实用新型包括菲涅尔透镜聚光模块、太阳光线双轴自动追踪模块、分光-反射模块、光伏发电子系统、蓄热模块、半导体温差发电子系统以及循环加热式热水子系统。The utility model includes a Fresnel lens concentrating module, a solar ray biaxial automatic tracking module, a light splitting-reflecting module, a photovoltaic power generation sub-system, a heat storage module, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sub-system and a circulation heating hot water sub-system.
所述菲涅尔透镜聚光模块，是由若干块点聚焦式菲涅尔透镜阵列排布组成，采用箱式一体化结构进行封装。The Fresnel lens focusing module is composed of several point-focus Fresnel lens arrays, and is packaged in a box-type integrated structure.
所述分光-分散模块，是由多个光谱分光-反射镜组成，其将聚焦后的若干束太阳入射光进行光谱分离，得到短波部分与长波部分，然后分别入射到光伏电池板和钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板，作为光-电转换过程和热-电转换过程的入射光源。The spectroscopic-dispersive module is composed of a plurality of spectroscopic spectroscopic-reflectors, which spectrally separate several beams of incident solar light after focusing to obtain short-wave parts and long-wave parts, which are then respectively incident on photovoltaic panels and vanadium-titanium black The porcelain composite ceramic plate is used as the incident light source for the photoelectric conversion process and the thermal-electric conversion process.
所述蓄热模块，主要以钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板作为基体材料，并在陶瓷板的内部布置铜盘管且充注导热油，陶瓷板的外侧采用聚酯泡沫进行保温；作为光热利用环节的关键组件，它将大部分聚光-集热获得的热能传递给半导体温差发电堆，作为热-电转换环节必需的热能供给；同时，还将小部分光-热转换获得的热能，通过板式换热器，将热能传递到用户侧的水箱中，作为热水供应的稳定热源，将水温加热到设定值。The heat storage module mainly uses a vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate as a base material, and a copper coil is arranged inside the ceramic plate and filled with heat-conducting oil. The outer side of the ceramic plate is insulated with polyester foam; The key component of the link, it transfers most of the heat energy obtained from light-to-heat conversion to the semiconductor thermoelectric power pile as the necessary heat supply for the heat-to-electricity conversion link; at the same time, a small part of the heat energy obtained from light-to-heat conversion is passed The plate heat exchanger transfers heat energy to the water tank on the user side, as a stable heat source for hot water supply, heating the water temperature to the set value.
所述光伏发电子系统，是由太阳能电池板组成，将接收到的短波辐射能直接转换为电能输出；其中，部分发电量用于提供复合发电机组电控器件的功率消耗，其余发电量采用锂离子蓄电池进行储存。The photovoltaic power generation subsystem is composed of solar panels, which directly convert the received short-wave radiation energy into electric energy output; wherein, part of the power generation is used to provide power consumption for the electronic control devices of the compound generator set, and the rest of the power generation uses lithium Ion batteries for storage.
所述半导体温差发电子系统，是由若干块半导体温差发电片经过串、并联构成半导体温差发电堆；然后以钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板的底面作为吸热端，以强制对流式风冷散热组件作为散热端，即可维持半导体温差发电堆在热-电转换过程需要的理想工作温差，从而将复合陶瓷板接收到的长波辐射能直接转换为电能输出。The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation system is composed of several semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chips connected in series and parallel to form a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation pile; As a heat sink, it can maintain the ideal working temperature difference required by the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation stack in the thermal-to-electrical conversion process, so that the long-wave radiation energy received by the composite ceramic plate can be directly converted into electrical energy output.
所述循环加热式热水子系统，采用落地式储水箱储存热水，水箱内部设置有电子水位计、温度传感器以及温控阀门，以便准确控制水箱的实时水位，同时能够按照用户预设的水温提供热水输出。The circulating heating hot water subsystem uses a floor-standing water storage tank to store hot water. Electronic water level gauges, temperature sensors and temperature control valves are installed inside the water tank to accurately control the real-time water level of the water tank. Provide hot water output.
本实用新型的工作过程如下：首先，利用太阳光线双轴自动追光系统，驱动阵列布置的多焦点聚焦式菲涅尔透镜组对入射光线进行聚焦。接着，采用分光-反射组件，将聚焦光线分离为若干短波光波束和长波光波束，分别进行光-电转换利用和光-热转换利用。其中，光-热转换环节还包括半导体温差发电过程和热水输出过程。具体实现过程为：分光处理后的短波光波，经光线反射组件垂直入射到光伏电池板的光线接收面，进行光-电转换，实现短波辐射光谱的直接发电利用。同时，分光处理后的长波光波，垂直入射到钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板的光线接收面，将所携带的辐射热能通过导热传递到陶瓷板内部的循环导热油中进行热量储存，使蓄热模块的平均蓄热温度达到200℃。然后，借助贴附在复合陶瓷板底部的半导体温差发电子系统（由半导体温差发电堆和冷侧强迫对流式风冷散热系统组成）直接进行热-电转换发电；同时复合陶瓷板储存的部分热量，通过循环流动的导热油经过板式换热器传递给蓄热水箱，使水箱中的水温上升到热水供应的预设温度值。通过这2个光-热转换过程，实现对于长波辐射光谱的直接发电利用和热水输出。The working process of the utility model is as follows: firstly, the multi-focal focusing Fresnel lens group arranged in an array is driven to focus the incident light by using the dual-axis automatic light tracking system of the sun's rays. Then, the light-splitting-reflection component is used to separate the focused light into several short-wave light beams and long-wave light beams, which are respectively used for light-to-electricity conversion and light-to-heat conversion. Among them, the light-to-heat conversion link also includes the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation process and the hot water output process. The specific implementation process is as follows: the short-wave light after spectroscopic processing is vertically incident on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel through the light reflection component, and performs photoelectric conversion to realize the direct power generation and utilization of the short-wave radiation spectrum. At the same time, the long-wave light after spectroscopic treatment is vertically incident on the light-receiving surface of the vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic plate, and the radiant heat energy carried is transferred to the circulating heat-conducting oil inside the ceramic plate through heat conduction for heat storage, so that the heat storage module The average heat storage temperature reaches 200°C. Then, with the help of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation subsystem attached to the bottom of the composite ceramic plate (composed of a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation stack and a cold-side forced convection air-cooled heat dissipation system), the heat-to-electricity conversion power generation is directly performed; at the same time, part of the heat stored in the composite ceramic plate , the circulating heat transfer oil is transferred to the heat storage tank through the plate heat exchanger, so that the water temperature in the water tank rises to the preset temperature value of the hot water supply. Through these two light-to-heat conversion processes, direct power generation utilization and hot water output for the long-wave radiation spectrum are realized.
本实用新型提出在光热利用环节采用钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板来聚光和蓄热。同时，为了避免复合陶瓷板的蓄热温度超过半导体温差发电堆能承受的最高理论工作温度250℃，本实用新型设计采用水冷方式对复合陶瓷板进行热控，水循环携带的热能被引入储热水箱作为热水使用。The utility model proposes that vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plates are used to gather light and store heat in the light-heat utilization link. At the same time, in order to prevent the heat storage temperature of the composite ceramic plate from exceeding the maximum theoretical working temperature of 250°C that the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation pile can withstand, the utility model adopts a water cooling method to control the heat of the composite ceramic plate, and the heat energy carried by the water cycle is introduced into the hot water storage The tank is used as hot water.
综上所述，本实用新型的出发点是以中低温区太阳辐射能的全光谱开发利用为前提，将光谱分光-反射原理结合余热回收利用技术，提出将光伏-热电-热水3个子系统一体化集成。此外，在光热利用环节设计了一种新型集热体结构，能够同时保证半导体温差发电堆的电能输出和用户的热水供应。总体来看，该一体化太阳能复合利用装置，既能提高太阳辐射能的综合利用率，又能实现光伏发电堆和温差发电堆的主动热控，在供能效率、经济性提高以及能源供给安全性等方面具有极大的社会经济效益和广阔的市场前景。In summary, the starting point of this utility model is based on the premise of full-spectrum development and utilization of solar radiant energy in the middle and low temperature areas, and combines the principle of spectral spectroscopy-reflection with waste heat recovery and utilization technology, and proposes to integrate the three subsystems of photovoltaic, thermoelectricity and hot water into one integration. In addition, a new type of heat collector structure is designed in the solar heat utilization link, which can simultaneously ensure the power output of the semiconductor thermoelectric power stack and the hot water supply for users. Generally speaking, the integrated solar energy composite utilization device can not only improve the comprehensive utilization rate of solar radiation energy, but also realize the active thermal control of photovoltaic power generation stacks and thermoelectric power generation stacks, improving energy supply efficiency, economy and energy supply security. Sex and other aspects have great social and economic benefits and broad market prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的工作原理示意图；Fig. 1 is the working principle schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2为本实用新型的复合发电单元的封装结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure of the composite power generation unit of the present invention;
图3为本实用新型的复合发电单元的内部结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the composite power generation unit of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型的热水子系统的内部结构及其管道连接示意图；Fig. 4 is the internal structure of the hot water subsystem of the present invention and the schematic diagram of its pipeline connection;
图5为本实用新型的整体结构及其主要管道连接示意图；Fig. 5 is the overall structure of the utility model and its main pipeline connection schematic diagram;
其中：1、菲涅尔太阳能聚光器；2、分光-反射镜；3、光伏电池板；4、钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板；5、导热油循环系统的进油口；6、半导体温差发电堆；7、导热油循环系统的出油口；8、强制对流风冷散热组件（风扇＋铝制散热翅片）；9、涡轮减速器；10、仰角步进电机；11、水平角步进电机；12、油泵；13、板式换热器；14、导热油循环系统的连接管段；15、带温控阀的自来水补给口；16、水位传感器；17、温度传感器；18、热水出水口；19、带温控阀的循环水出水口；20、水泵；21、带温控阀的循环水进水口；22、储热水箱。Among them: 1. Fresnel solar concentrator; 2. Spectroscopy-reflector; 3. Photovoltaic panel; 4. Vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate; 5. Oil inlet of heat transfer oil circulation system; 6. Semiconductor temperature difference Generator stack; 7. Oil outlet of heat transfer oil circulation system; 8. Forced convection air-cooled heat dissipation components (fan + aluminum cooling fins); 9. Turbine reducer; 10. Elevation angle stepping motor; 11. Horizontal angle step Inlet motor; 12. Oil pump; 13. Plate heat exchanger; 14. Connection pipe section of heat transfer oil circulation system; 15. Tap water supply port with temperature control valve; 16. Water level sensor; 17. Temperature sensor; 18. Hot water outlet 19. Circulating water outlet with temperature control valve; 20. Water pump; 21. Circulating water inlet with temperature control valve; 22. Hot water storage tank.
具体实施方式detailed description
本技术方案中，针对太阳光线的实时追踪，系统首先根据所在地的经度值和纬度值，完成太阳高度角和方位角相关的初始位置运算。然后，将计算得到的数据存入PLC可编程序控制器的数据库中。随后，输出控制信号，实现步进电机的启停和光线的同步跟踪。光线跟踪的执行过程为：通过固定在装置底座下方的水平步进电机，驱动主轴及其支撑轴承，相对于装置底座实现水平转动，从而带动主轴上方固定左、右两侧复合式发电方阵的支撑运动支架，实现在水平方向上的整体联动；水平转动完成后，控制模块随即发出指令，通过固定在主轴上侧的俯仰步进电机，驱动联轴器的左、右输出臂同时转动，从而带动两侧的复合式发电方阵，实现在俯仰方向上的同步联动。该主动式机械追光方法，不仅能随时启停系统，还能适应各种天气环境进行大范围的光线实时追踪。与目前较为成熟的被动式光控追光方法相比，有效避免了阴雨天气状况造成的追踪滞后。In this technical solution, for the real-time tracking of the sun's rays, the system first completes the initial position calculation related to the sun's altitude angle and azimuth angle according to the longitude and latitude values of the location. Then, the calculated data is stored in the database of the PLC programmable controller. Subsequently, the control signal is output to realize the start and stop of the stepping motor and the synchronous tracking of the light. The execution process of ray tracing is as follows: through the horizontal stepping motor fixed under the base of the device, the main shaft and its supporting bearing are driven to achieve horizontal rotation relative to the base of the device, thereby driving the composite power generation squares fixed on the left and right sides above the main shaft Support the moving bracket to realize the overall linkage in the horizontal direction; after the horizontal rotation is completed, the control module immediately issues an instruction to drive the left and right output arms of the coupling to rotate simultaneously through the pitch stepping motor fixed on the upper side of the main shaft, thereby Drive the compound power generation arrays on both sides to realize synchronous linkage in the pitch direction. This active mechanical light tracking method can not only start and stop the system at any time, but also perform real-time light tracking in a wide range in various weather environments. Compared with the more mature passive light-controlled light tracking method at present, it effectively avoids the tracking lag caused by rainy weather conditions.
本技术方案中，太阳光线双轴跟踪系统的主要功能模块包括控制模块、机械传动模块和操作模块三个部分。其中，控制模块由PLC可编程序控制器组成，具体原理为：采用PLC编写时钟计算控制程序，计算太阳所处的经度坐标和纬度坐标，输出控制信号来实现步进电机的启停和实时光线跟踪。机械传动模块由电机和固定复合式发电方阵的支撑结构组成，主要通过步进电机带动固定发电方阵的支架从初始水平角和仰角，按照水平角4°/h和仰角6°/h分别转动。同时，预先设定好仰角转动滞后于水平转动10秒钟，以避免步进电机同时驱动两个方向转动而导致定位失效和功耗剧增。当菲涅尔聚光器与太阳光线垂直时，PLC控制中心无移动信号输出，此时步进电机停止追日驱动，进入等待模式。该运行周期设定为：在设定时间段的设定的限位角度时，立即执行限位开关带动的自我保护程序而反方向运行10秒后停止转动、随后快速回复到早餐设定的初始位置。此外，操作模块由2个常开按钮及其系列参数设定键负责追光装置的自动运行和人机交互切换，便于用户实时调整系统的工作状态和系统复位。In this technical solution, the main functional modules of the solar ray dual-axis tracking system include three parts: a control module, a mechanical transmission module and an operation module. Among them, the control module is composed of PLC programmable controller. The specific principle is: use PLC to write the clock calculation control program, calculate the longitude coordinates and latitude coordinates of the sun, and output control signals to realize the start and stop of the stepping motor and real-time light track. The mechanical transmission module is composed of the motor and the support structure of the fixed composite power generation array. The stepper motor drives the bracket of the fixed power generation array from the initial horizontal angle and elevation angle, according to the horizontal angle of 4°/h and the elevation angle of 6°/h respectively. turn. At the same time, it is pre-set that the elevation angle rotation lags behind the horizontal rotation for 10 seconds, so as to avoid the stepper motor driving the two directions of rotation at the same time, resulting in positioning failure and a sharp increase in power consumption. When the Fresnel concentrator is perpendicular to the sun's rays, the PLC control center has no movement signal output, and at this time the stepper motor stops chasing the sun and enters the waiting mode. The operation cycle is set as follows: when the limit angle is set for the set time period, the self-protection program driven by the limit switch is immediately executed, and the rotation is stopped after running in the opposite direction for 10 seconds, and then quickly returns to the initial setting of breakfast Location. In addition, the operation module consists of 2 normally open buttons and its series of parameter setting keys, which are responsible for the automatic operation and human-computer interaction switching of the light tracking device, which is convenient for users to adjust the working status of the system and reset the system in real time.
本技术方案中，装置的人机交互切换模式的控制程序，主要通过下面的运行判断方式来保证系统的正常运转：当系统在人工启动模式下开启时，PLC控制器通过控制模块的日期查询功能，确定当日太阳的具体日出日落时间，如果工作人员在太阳出升前开启系统，系统会进入待机状态；当系统时间等于当天日出时间时，就会全天自动运行。至到日落时间，系统自动复位，回到复位状态；如果工作人员在日出之后启动系统，PLC通过程序计箅会持续开启步进电机运转，直到与当时当地的时间相匹配，然后自动运行。如果在一天中出现无太阳、阴雨天或出现意外故障，可以通过内置的湿度传感器和光线传感器输出信号到PLC控制中心，发出停止追踪命令，系统会自动运行到复位状态，以减少驱动能耗，等到日出或故障排除时再开启系统，随后系统会自动转到相应的水平角和高度角位置。该追踪控制方法，虽然存在一定的时间累积误差，但追踪过程不存在追踪死区、追踪范围广，保证了系统稳定实现高度角-方位角的二维光线追踪，提高了太阳能装置的聚光效率。由于计算得到19：00之后的太阳高度角为负值，能接受的太阳辐射强度几乎为0，所以确定系统的白天工况时间为6：00-19：00。In this technical solution, the control program of the human-computer interaction switching mode of the device mainly ensures the normal operation of the system through the following operation judgment methods: , to determine the specific sunrise and sunset times of the sun on that day. If the staff turns on the system before the sun rises, the system will enter the standby state; when the system time is equal to the sunrise time of the day, it will automatically run throughout the day. At sunset time, the system automatically resets and returns to the reset state; if the staff starts the system after sunrise, the PLC will continue to turn on the stepper motor through the program calculation until it matches the local time at that time, and then it will automatically run. If there is no sun, rainy days or unexpected failures during the day, you can output signals to the PLC control center through the built-in humidity sensor and light sensor, issue a stop tracking command, and the system will automatically run to the reset state to reduce drive energy consumption. Wait until sunrise or troubleshooting to turn on the system, then the system will automatically go to the corresponding horizontal angle and altitude angle position. Although there is a certain time accumulation error in this tracking control method, there is no tracking dead zone in the tracking process, and the tracking range is wide, which ensures the stability of the system and realizes the two-dimensional ray tracing of altitude angle-azimuth angle, and improves the concentration efficiency of solar energy devices. . Since the calculated solar altitude angle after 19:00 is a negative value, the acceptable solar radiation intensity is almost 0, so the daytime operating time of the system is determined to be 6:00-19:00.
本技术方案中，相对于常规涂层式太阳能吸收材料，装置中的蓄热模块采用钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板作为基体材料，其性能更可靠，环境更友好，且尚未发现有性能衰减现象。同时，复合陶瓷板的阳光吸收率和红外辐射率分别高达0.95和0.9。另外，复合陶瓷板中铜盘管内充注的导热油为理想热载体，导热效果好、流动状态稳定。在夏季工况下（以太阳辐射强度达到800W/m2-1000W/m2为例），经过24h的空晒测试得到：复合陶瓷板吸收长波辐射能后，陶瓷基体的平均温度将从环境温度很快升高到280℃左右，且陶瓷板内部的导热油温度将稳定在135℃左右。该蓄热模块能够顺利为半导体温差电堆持续提供80℃-105℃的理想端面工作温差，对应的单片半导体发电片的电功率输出为3.8W-5W，发电效率为4.8%-5.3%，而且通过板式换热器间接热交换获得40℃-50℃的热水温度。In this technical solution, compared with conventional coated solar absorbing materials, the thermal storage module in the device uses vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate as the base material, which has more reliable performance and more environmentally friendly performance, and no performance attenuation has been found. At the same time, the sunlight absorption rate and infrared radiation rate of the composite ceramic plate are as high as 0.95 and 0.9 respectively. In addition, the heat conduction oil filled in the copper coil in the composite ceramic plate is an ideal heat carrier, with good heat conduction effect and stable flow state. In summer working conditions (take the solar radiation intensity of 800W/m2 -1000W/m2 as an example), after 24 hours of air drying test, it is obtained that after the composite ceramic plate absorbs long-wave radiation energy, the average temperature of the ceramic substrate will change from the ambient temperature It will soon rise to about 280°C, and the temperature of the heat transfer oil inside the ceramic plate will stabilize at about 135°C. The heat storage module can continuously provide the semiconductor thermopile with an ideal end-face temperature difference of 80°C-105°C. The corresponding single-chip semiconductor power generation chip has an electric power output of 3.8W-5W and a power generation efficiency of 4.8%-5.3%. The hot water temperature of 40℃-50℃ is obtained through indirect heat exchange of plate heat exchanger.
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步描述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model will be further described:
如图1和图5所示，首先由菲涅尔太阳能聚光器1将入射光线进行实时聚焦，然后通过分光-反射镜2将长波与短波分离。短波被光伏电池板3吸收，进行光伏发电。长波部分被钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板4吸收进行蓄热，其中的大部分热能传递给半导体温差发电堆6，进行温差发电，另外小部分热能通过板式换热器13传递给水系统制热水。为了让半导体温差发电堆的冷端能及时散热，选用强制对流风冷散热组件8（风扇＋铝制散热翅片）进行散热。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the Fresnel solar concentrator 1 first focuses the incident light in real time, and then the long wave and short wave are separated by the spectroscopic-reflector 2. The short wave is absorbed by the photovoltaic panel 3 to generate photovoltaic power. The long-wave part is absorbed by the vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate 4 for heat storage, most of the heat energy is transferred to the semiconductor thermoelectric power stack 6 for thermoelectric power generation, and a small part of the heat energy is transferred to the water system through the plate heat exchanger 13 to make hot water. In order to allow the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator stack to dissipate heat in time, a forced convection air-cooled heat dissipation component 8 (fan + aluminum heat dissipation fins) is selected for heat dissipation.
如图2和图3所示，选取3行*2列菲涅尔聚光透镜（直径为120mm、焦距为300mm、厚度为3mm、聚光比为1000、材料为PMMA）阵列排布，组装成多焦点聚光式菲涅尔太阳能聚光器1。选则钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板4（由提钒尾渣和普通陶瓷按一定配比烧制而成）作为蓄热模块的基体材料和结构材料。为了保证聚光组件和复合陶瓷板始终保持合适的聚光距离，两者的侧面采用箱式一体化结构进行封装固定。然后，在涡轮减速器9、仰角步进电机10和水平角步进电机11的驱动下，实现方位角-高度角双轴方向的同步追踪。在本方案中，根据正上方菲涅尔太阳能聚光器所对应的面积，确定复合陶瓷板的尺寸为900mm×900mm×25mm。同时，经过优化计算得到，当陶瓷板内的铜盘管管径为5且管内导热油流速为0.2时，导热油温升效果最佳。As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, 3 rows*2 columns of Fresnel condenser lenses (120mm in diameter, 300mm in focal length, 3mm in thickness, 1000 in concentration ratio, and PMMA as material) are selected and arranged in an array, and assembled into Multi-focus concentrating Fresnel solar concentrator1. The vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate 4 (fired from vanadium extraction tailings and ordinary ceramics in a certain ratio) is selected as the base material and structural material of the heat storage module. In order to ensure that the concentrating component and the composite ceramic plate always maintain a suitable concentrating distance, the sides of the two are packaged and fixed with a box-type integrated structure. Then, under the drive of the worm gear reducer 9, the elevation angle stepping motor 10 and the horizontal angle stepping motor 11, the synchronous tracking of the azimuth-altitude angle biaxial direction is realized. In this scheme, according to the area corresponding to the Fresnel solar concentrator directly above, the size of the composite ceramic plate is determined to be 900mm×900mm×25mm. At the same time, it is obtained through optimization calculation that when the diameter of the copper coil tube in the ceramic plate is 5 and the flow rate of the heat transfer oil in the tube is 0.2, the temperature rise effect of the heat transfer oil is the best.
如图2和图3所示，选用TEG-1-127-1.4-1.6型的若干块半导体温差发电片，按照串-并联混联的方式连接成半导体温差发电堆6。然后刷涂导热硅脂，贴附在复合陶瓷板4的底面。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , a number of TEG-1-127-1.4-1.6 semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chips are selected and connected in series-parallel hybrid connection to form a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation stack 6 . Then brush the heat-conducting silicone grease and attach it to the bottom surface of the composite ceramic board 4 .
如图4所示，钒钛黑瓷复合陶瓷板4将部分热能，通过导热油循环系统14、油泵12、经过板式换热器13传递给水循环系统，进入储热水箱22。其中，复合陶瓷板的导热油进口5和导热油出口7与板式换热的一侧连接，形成导热油侧的油路循环系统。而板式换热器的另一侧与水循环系统的进水口19和出水口21连接，形成水侧的水路循环系统。于是，导热油的部分热量传递给水，并通过水箱22中的温度传感器17感知水温度，并控制入水口温控阀19与循环水出口温控阀21的开闭。当温度传感器17感知水温过高时开启入水口温控阀19，将水注入水箱22中。并在水箱22中设置水位传感器16。当温度传感器17感知温度过低时循环水出口温控阀21开启，通过循环水泵20将水箱22中的水吸入板式换热器13，与导热油进行换热，并从循环水出口21排出重新进入水箱22。当用户需要使用热水时，开启热水出口阀门18进入热水输送管道，自来水补给口12补充消耗的热水。As shown in FIG. 4 , the vanadium-titanium black porcelain composite ceramic plate 4 transfers part of the heat energy to the water circulation system through the heat conduction oil circulation system 14 , the oil pump 12 , and the plate heat exchanger 13 , and then enters the hot water storage tank 22 . Wherein, the heat transfer oil inlet 5 and the heat transfer oil outlet 7 of the composite ceramic plate are connected to one side of the plate heat exchange to form an oil circulation system on the heat transfer oil side. The other side of the plate heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet 19 and the water outlet 21 of the water circulation system to form a water circulation system on the water side. Therefore, part of the heat of the heat transfer oil is transferred to the water, and the temperature sensor 17 in the water tank 22 senses the temperature of the water, and controls the opening and closing of the water inlet temperature control valve 19 and the circulating water outlet temperature control valve 21 . When the temperature sensor 17 senses that the water temperature is too high, the water inlet temperature control valve 19 is opened to inject water into the water tank 22 . And a water level sensor 16 is set in the water tank 22 . When the temperature sensor 17 senses that the temperature is too low, the circulating water outlet temperature control valve 21 is opened, and the water in the water tank 22 is sucked into the plate heat exchanger 13 through the circulating water pump 20 to exchange heat with the heat transfer oil, and then discharged from the circulating water outlet 21 for re-use. Enter the water tank 22. When the user needs to use hot water, he opens the hot water outlet valve 18 to enter the hot water delivery pipeline, and the tap water supply port 12 supplements the consumed hot water.
在本实用新型中，1个复合发电单元的建造成本不超过2万元/kW，光热利用部分的半导体温差发电量的贡献率达到11%以上。每度电的成本为0.56元，相比传统光伏或光热发电节约了50%以上，经济效益和节能效果显著。此外，随着复合发电单元的成倍集成，系统的发电效率将得到显著提高，发电成本将大幅降低。In the utility model, the construction cost of one composite power generation unit is not more than 20,000 yuan/kW, and the contribution rate of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation in the photothermal utilization part reaches more than 11%. The cost per kilowatt-hour of electricity is 0.56 yuan, saving more than 50% compared with traditional photovoltaic or solar thermal power generation, and the economic benefit and energy saving effect are remarkable. In addition, with the multiple integration of composite power generation units, the power generation efficiency of the system will be significantly improved, and the cost of power generation will be greatly reduced.
以上所述，仅为本实用新型较佳的具体实施方式，但本实用新型的保护范围不仅局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。因此，本实用新型的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited thereto, and any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of it within the technical scope disclosed in the utility model Changes or replacements should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN115247963A (en)* | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solar ceramic sintering furnace and temperature control method thereof |
| CN115650163A (en)* | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-31 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Ceramic heat storage methanol reforming hydrogen production system and method |
| CN116436375A (en)* | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-14 | 重庆大学 | Space photovoltaic and photo-thermal temperature difference hybrid power generation system |
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| CN115650163A (en)* | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-31 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | Ceramic heat storage methanol reforming hydrogen production system and method |
| CN116436375A (en)* | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-14 | 重庆大学 | Space photovoltaic and photo-thermal temperature difference hybrid power generation system |
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