技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种人工髋关节柄，特别涉及一种含有多孔结构的人工髋关节柄，属于骨科植入医疗器械领域。The utility model relates to an artificial hip joint handle, in particular to an artificial hip joint handle with a porous structure, which belongs to the field of orthopedic implant medical devices.
背景技术Background technique
由于不同病因导致的髋关节疾病，如保守治疗无效的髋关节疼痛；X线确诊的髋关节骨关节炎或关节炎；因髋关节疼痛不能工作、睡觉或活动；髋关节修复术后关节不稳；部分髋部骨折；髋关节肿瘤等，在临床上都需要进行人体髋关节置换术。当前人工髋关节置换术主要有两种：临床上应用最多的人工全髋关节置换术和髋关节表面置换技术即无柄人工髋关节置换术。其中，人工全髋关节置换术是将包含臼杯、衬垫、球头和股骨柄的人工髋关节植入人体来替代病变的人体髋关节，从而提高病人的生活质量，临床应用比较广泛。Hip disease due to different etiologies, such as hip pain that does not respond to conservative treatment; X-ray confirmed hip osteoarthritis or arthritis; inability to work, sleep, or move because of hip pain; joint instability after hip repair ; partial hip fracture; At present, there are mainly two types of artificial hip replacement: total hip replacement, which is the most clinically used technique, and stemless artificial hip replacement. Among them, artificial total hip replacement is to implant an artificial hip joint including an acetabular cup, liner, ball head and femoral stem into the human body to replace the diseased human hip joint, thereby improving the quality of life of the patient, and is widely used in clinical practice.
在有柄髋关节置换术中，有柄人工髋关节需要把柄植入人体的股骨髓腔内固定。为了很好的把关节柄固定到股骨髓腔内，人们已经根据股骨髓腔解剖学结构，设计了具有不同特定结构的关节柄，以便关节柄能够有效和骨组织骨性结合，从而增加关节柄和骨的结合程度以防止关节柄脱落和应力遮挡。尽管如此，当前临床使用的关节柄仍然存在两个大的缺陷。一是整个关节柄是实心结构。这就使得关节柄有很重的重量；二是和宿主骨的结合方式仅仅是表面骨性结合。由于上述原因，当前临床植入的关节柄在术后易出现人工关节松动、磨损和由于应力遮挡造成骨质疏松和骨吸收等合并症，使植入的人工关节下沉，造成患者长短腿，严重影响人工关节的使用寿命。因此，改进关节柄的结构和生物学性能，一直成为全髋关节置换术研究的课题。In stemmed hip replacement, the stem artificial hip needs to be implanted into the human body's femoral medullary cavity for fixation. In order to well fix the stem into the femoral medullary cavity, people have designed stems with different specific structures according to the anatomical structure of the femoral medullary cavity, so that the stem can be effectively osseointegrated with bone tissue, thereby increasing the The degree of integration with the bone prevents the joint stem from falling off and stress shielding. Despite this, there are still two major deficiencies in the articulating stems currently in clinical use. One is that the entire joint handle is a solid structure. This makes the joint handle very heavy; the second is that the combination with the host bone is only superficial osseointegration. Due to the above reasons, the current clinically implanted joint stems are prone to complications such as artificial joint loosening, wear and tear, and osteoporosis and bone resorption due to stress shielding after surgery, which makes the implanted artificial joint sink, resulting in long and short legs of the patient. Seriously affect the service life of artificial joints. Therefore, improving the structure and biological properties of the stem has always been a research topic in total hip arthroplasty.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对当前人工关节柄存在的缺陷和不足，提供一种含有多孔结构的人工髋关节柄，该关节柄在术后能与股骨良好的骨融合和稳定，能有效抗沉陷，并能减轻关节柄的重量和克服当前的关节柄植入导致的骨应力遮挡和远期骨质吸收。The object of the present invention is to aim at the defects and deficiencies of the current artificial joint stem, and to provide an artificial hip joint stem with a porous structure, which can be well fused and stable with the femur after surgery, can effectively resist subsidence, and It can reduce the weight of the joint stem and overcome the bone stress shielding and long-term bone resorption caused by the current joint stem implantation.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型采取以下设计方案：In order to achieve the above object, the utility model takes the following design scheme:
一种含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄，该关节柄是由颈椎口、柄颈和柄体连体组成的人工髋关节柄，其特征在于柄体是多孔结构。An artificial hip joint handle with a porous structure, the joint handle is an artificial hip joint handle composed of a cervical vertebral mouth, a handle neck and a handle body, and is characterized in that the handle body is a porous structure.
上述方案中，所述柄体的多孔结构是由多向的、相互贯通的微孔隙构成。In the above solution, the porous structure of the handle body is composed of multi-directional and interpenetrating micro-pores.
上述方案中，所述柄体的多孔结构的微孔隙的孔隙孔径为100-1000微米。In the above solution, the pore diameter of the micropores of the porous structure of the handle body is 100-1000 microns.
上述方案中，所述柄体的多孔结构的微孔结构是正方形孔、长方形孔、圆孔、椭圆孔。In the above solution, the microporous structure of the porous structure of the handle body is a square hole, a rectangular hole, a round hole, or an elliptical hole.
上述方案中，所述柄体上的微孔结构表面包覆有磷灰石涂层。In the above solution, the surface of the microporous structure on the handle body is covered with an apatite coating.
由本实用新型设计的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄，由于柄体具有多向的、相互贯通的微孔隙结构，其可以有效减轻人工髋关节柄的重量，并且植入宿主股骨后骨细胞能爬行进入关节柄柄体的微孔隙内，从而可以和宿主骨实现骨性融合，并能有效抗沉陷，同时也能克服当前的关节柄植入导致的骨应力遮挡和远期的骨质吸收。The artificial hip joint handle with porous structure designed by the utility model can effectively reduce the weight of the artificial hip joint handle because the handle body has a multi-directional and interpenetrating micro-pore structure, and the bone cells can crawl after being implanted into the femur of the host Entering into the micropores of the stem body, it can achieve bony fusion with the host bone, effectively resist subsidence, and also overcome the bone stress shielding and long-term bone resorption caused by the current implantation of the stem.
本实用新型含多孔结构的人工关节柄采用医用金属材料制作，这类医用材料都经过多年临床证实了具有良好的生物学性能。The artificial joint handle with a porous structure of the utility model is made of medical metal materials, which have been clinically proven to have good biological properties for many years.
本实用新型含多孔结构的人工关节柄的一种手术过程为：A kind of operation process of the utility model containing the artificial joint handle of porous structure is:
(1)根据宿主病变或者受损部位的股骨形状，使用专业计算机软件进行三维建模并随后连接使用激光或高能电子束增材制造设备制备与宿主需要植入骨髓腔形状尺寸匹配的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄；(1) According to the femoral shape of the host lesion or damaged part, use professional computer software for three-dimensional modeling and then connect and use laser or high-energy electron beam additive manufacturing equipment to prepare a porous structure that matches the shape and size of the host's bone marrow cavity artificial hip joint stem;
(2)按照人工髋关节置换术手术过程，截去病变或受损宿主股骨颈；(2) According to the operation process of artificial hip replacement, amputate the femoral neck of the diseased or damaged host;
(3)把制备的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄插入宿主股骨髓腔，必要时在人工关节柄柄体的孔隙内植入自体骨的碎骨颗粒以诱导未来骨细胞的爬行长入。(3) Insert the prepared artificial hip joint stem with a porous structure into the medullary cavity of the host femur, and if necessary, implant bone fragments of autogenous bone in the pores of the artificial joint stem body to induce crawling growth of future bone cells.
对于本领域的技术人员来说，手术方案依据患者具体情况以及术者对治疗的判断会有很多种，在这里不做更为详尽的描述。含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄被植入人体后该关节柄与宿主骨紧密贴合，未来骨细胞将长入人工关节柄柄体的多孔结构而形成人工关节柄与股骨的骨性融合以达到人工关节柄的远期稳定。For those skilled in the art, there are many surgical plans depending on the specific conditions of the patient and the operator's judgment on the treatment, and a more detailed description will not be made here. After the artificial hip joint stem with porous structure is implanted into the human body, the joint stem fits closely with the host bone. In the future, bone cells will grow into the porous structure of the artificial joint stem to form the bone fusion of the artificial joint stem and the femur to achieve Long-term stabilization of prosthetic stems.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本实用新型的进一步理解，本实用新型的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本实用新型，并不构成本实用新型的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the utility model, and the schematic embodiments of the utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the utility model, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the utility model. In the attached picture:
图1是本实用新型含多孔结构的人工关节柄示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the artificial joint handle of the utility model containing porous structure;
图2是本实用新型含多孔结构的人工关节柄柄体微孔隙结构实施例示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microporous structure of the artificial joint handle body containing porous structure of the present invention;
图3是本实用新型含多孔结否的人工关节柄柄体另一微孔隙结构实施例示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another microporous structure embodiment of the artificial joint handle body containing porous knots of the present invention;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面用具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明，但不应理解为是对本实用新型保护内容的任何限定。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本实用新型可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改，等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型发保护范围之内。The following specific examples will be used to further describe the utility model in detail, but it should not be understood as any limitation to the protection content of the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the utility model shall be included in the scope of protection of the utility model.
如图1、图2、图3所示的本实用新型含多孔结构的人工关节柄是用医用金属制成，因此具有良好的生物相容性。采用本实用新型的含多孔结构的人工关节柄，是由颈椎口1、柄颈2和柄体3连体组成，其中柄体是多孔结构30，这些孔隙是由多向的、相互贯通的微孔隙构成，微孔结构(30)是正方形孔、长方形孔、圆孔、椭圆孔，孔隙的孔径为100-1000微米。这些适当直径的孔隙的有利于填充自体骨或异体骨的碎骨颗粒，并且有利于骨细胞爬行进入这些孔隙而使植入的含多孔结构的人工关节柄和宿主骨紧密骨性融合。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the artificial joint handle with porous structure of the present invention is made of medical metal, so it has good biocompatibility. The artificial joint handle with porous structure adopting the utility model is composed of a cervical vertebra mouth 1, a handle neck 2 and a handle body 3, wherein the handle body is a porous structure 30, and these pores are composed of multi-directional, interpenetrating microstructures. Pore structure, the microporous structure (30) is square hole, rectangular hole, round hole, elliptical hole, and the diameter of the hole is 100-1000 microns. The pores of these proper diameters are conducive to filling the bone fragments of autologous bone or allogeneic bone, and are conducive to the crawling of bone cells into these pores to make the implanted artificial joint stem with porous structure and the host bone tightly osseously fused.
为了提高制备的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄的骨生物活性，在含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄的柄体3的多孔结构30上覆盖上磷灰石层。In order to improve the bone bioactivity of the prepared artificial hip joint handle containing the porous structure, the porous structure 30 of the handle body 3 of the artificial hip joint handle containing the porous structure is covered with an apatite layer.
如图1、图2、图3所示的本实用新型的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄，插入股骨由于关节炎、肿瘤、创伤所引起的疼痛、无法正常发挥生理功能等而被截去顶部而形成的骨髓腔内，所述的人工髋关节柄在植入股骨髓腔后，适当下压关节柄后关节柄即刻稳定。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the artificial hip joint stem of the present invention with porous structure is inserted into the femur due to the pain caused by arthritis, tumor, trauma, and the inability to perform normal physiological functions, etc., and the top is cut off. In the bone medullary cavity formed, after the artificial hip joint handle is implanted into the femoral medullary cavity, the joint handle is stabilized immediately after being properly pressed down on the joint handle.
含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄的加工方法采用激光烧结或高能电子束熔融等增材制造成型技术熔融成型，具体方法包括三个步骤：The processing method of the artificial hip joint handle with a porous structure adopts laser sintering or high-energy electron beam melting and other additive manufacturing molding technologies for fusion molding. The specific method includes three steps:
(i)计算机建模。根据本实用新型所描述的含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄结构结合宿主所需截除股骨的形状，使用专业计算机软件对在计算机中设计建造的人工髋关节柄部件进行三维数据建模，以获得一系列单层切片的轮廓数据。(i) Computer modeling. According to the structure of the artificial hip joint handle with porous structure described in the present invention combined with the shape of the amputated femur required by the host, professional computer software is used to carry out three-dimensional data modeling on the artificial hip joint handle designed and constructed in the computer to obtain Contour data for a series of single-layer slices.
(ii)三维增材成型。把建模获得的三维数据输入激光或高能电子束增材制造设备进行快速熔融成型。在整个快速熔融成型过程中，增材制造设备会根据输入的三维数据自动运行，并获得所需要形状结构的人工髋关节柄。由于用于建造含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄的三维数据模型已经将所需要的实体和微孔等结构一并设计在数据文件中，因此所述含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄在激光或高能电子束熔融过程中将一次性完成制造。(ii) Three-dimensional additive molding. The three-dimensional data obtained by modeling is input into laser or high-energy electron beam additive manufacturing equipment for rapid fusion molding. During the entire rapid fusion molding process, the additive manufacturing equipment will automatically operate according to the input 3D data, and obtain the artificial hip joint handle of the required shape and structure. Since the three-dimensional data model used to construct the artificial hip joint handle with a porous structure has already designed the required solid and micropore structures in the data file, the artificial hip joint handle with a porous structure can be processed by laser or high-energy Fabrication will be done in one shot during the electron beam melting process.
(iii)后处理。获得含多孔结构的人工髋关节柄进行表面打磨并进一步通过电化学层积使人工关节柄覆盖磷灰石涂层。(iii) post-processing. The artificial hip joint handle with porous structure was obtained for surface grinding, and the artificial joint handle was further coated with apatite coating by electrochemical lamination.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620014741.XUCN205359715U (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Artifical hip joint handle that contains porous structure |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620014741.XUCN205359715U (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Artifical hip joint handle that contains porous structure |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205359715Utrue CN205359715U (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620014741.XUExpired - Fee RelatedCN205359715U (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Artifical hip joint handle that contains porous structure |
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| CN (1) | CN205359715U (en) |
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| CN112276367A (en)* | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏科技大学 | Porous titanium artificial bone microstructure and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113081402A (en)* | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Femoral stem prosthesis |
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| CN109223254A (en)* | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-18 | 谢锦恒 | A kind of new titanium alloy knuckle support applying calcium phosphate bioactive ceramics |
| CN112276367A (en)* | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏科技大学 | Porous titanium artificial bone microstructure and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113081402A (en)* | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | Femoral stem prosthesis |
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