技术领域technical field
本专利属于增材制造(3D打印)领域，具体涉及到粉末床3D打印技术，提供了多材料铺粉及成型的3D和装置，运用本装置可以铺设多材料粉末并3D打印成型。This patent belongs to the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing), and specifically relates to powder bed 3D printing technology. It provides a 3D and device for multi-material powder spreading and molding. Using this device, multi-material powder can be laid and 3D printed.
背景技术Background technique
3D打印技术是一种非传统加工工艺，也称为增材制造、快速成型等，是近年来全球制造领域新兴起的一项集光、机、电、计算机、数控及新材料于一体的先进制造技术。与传统切削加工的“去除法”不同，而是一种以数字模型文件为基础，通过将粉末、液体片状等离散材料逐层堆积，“自然生长”成三维实体的成型制造技术。3D printing technology is a non-traditional processing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, etc. Manufacturing Technology. Different from the "removal method" of traditional cutting, it is a molding manufacturing technology that "naturally grows" into a three-dimensional entity by accumulating discrete materials such as powder and liquid flakes layer by layer based on digital model files.
粉末床工艺是3D打印的一种主要工艺，其原理是将粉末材料在可以升降的缸内铺设薄薄一层，之后在特定区域选择性的运用激光烧结或者喷射粘结剂，使其固化，之后在铺设下一层粉末，再固化，如此循环层层累积成三维实体。The powder bed process is a main process of 3D printing. Its principle is to lay a thin layer of powder material in a cylinder that can be lifted, and then selectively use laser sintering or spraying binder in a specific area to make it solidify. Then lay the next layer of powder, and then solidify, so that the layers accumulate into a three-dimensional solid.
粉末床3D打印技术的成型方法主要包括选择性激光烧结(SLS)和三维打印(3DP)两种技术。The molding methods of powder bed 3D printing technology mainly include two technologies: selective laser sintering (SLS) and three-dimensional printing (3DP).
选择性激光烧结(SLS)又可称为选区激光烧结，是利用激光有选择地逐层烧结粉末，逐层的叠加从而生成预定形状的三维实体零件的一种快速成型制造方法。其特点是生产周期短，开发成本低；可以成型几乎任意形状的零件；可成型的材料范围宽，包括塑料、陶瓷、金属及其复合材料中任何加热后能够粘结的粉末材料；成型件应用面广泛。Selective laser sintering (SLS), also known as selective laser sintering, is a rapid prototyping manufacturing method that uses laser to selectively sinter powder layer by layer, and superimpose layer by layer to generate three-dimensional solid parts of predetermined shape. It is characterized by short production cycle and low development cost; it can form parts of almost any shape; it can form a wide range of materials, including any powder material that can be bonded after heating in plastics, ceramics, metals and composite materials; the application of formed parts wide range.
三维打印(3DP)，是利用喷头喷射液体粘结剂，粘结铺设在粉床上的粉末逐层叠加而成三维实体。该技术通过在粉末床上喷射彩色粘接剂的方法实现彩色技术，由于彩色粘接剂特性与彩色墨水类似，通过混合渐变可实现真彩色制件打印。其具有成型材料范围广、制造速度快、可实现全彩色制造的特点。Three-dimensional printing (3DP) uses a nozzle to spray a liquid binder, and the powder laid on the powder bed is superimposed layer by layer to form a three-dimensional entity. This technology realizes the color technology by spraying the color binder on the powder bed. Since the properties of the color binder are similar to those of the color ink, true color printing can be realized by mixing gradients. It has the characteristics of a wide range of molding materials, fast manufacturing speed, and full-color manufacturing.
随着3D打印技术的不断发展，近年来粉末床3D打印技术也得到了快速提升，但是目前多数都停留在单材均质加工方面，而实际上大多数零件或产品均由多种材料构成，因此实现多材料、多功能、梯度材料、复合材料、彩色制件的粉末床3D打印技术成为快速成型制造领域的迫切需要。With the continuous development of 3D printing technology, powder bed 3D printing technology has also been rapidly improved in recent years, but at present most of them stay in the homogeneous processing of single material, but in fact most parts or products are composed of multiple materials, Therefore, it is an urgent need in the field of rapid prototyping to realize the powder bed 3D printing technology of multi-material, multi-functional, gradient material, composite material and color parts.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种多材料铺粉及成型的3D打印装置。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a 3D printing device for multi-material powder spreading and molding.
本发明包括床身、送粉装置、吸粉装置、刮刀、成型腔、工作台和回收粉装置；The invention includes a bed, a powder feeding device, a powder suction device, a scraper, a molding cavity, a workbench and a powder recovery device;
床身右侧固定有激光器装置或三维打印(3DP)的打印头装置；A laser device or a three-dimensional printing (3DP) print head device is fixed on the right side of the bed;
送粉装置包括有第一粉料盒、第二粉料盒、第三粉料盒；The powder feeding device includes a first powder box, a second powder box, and a third powder box;
吸粉装置包括吸粉嘴、第一收粉箱、第二收粉箱、第三收粉箱，其作用是分类回收每次选择性固化后成型腔内多余的粉末；The powder suction device includes a powder suction nozzle, the first powder collection box, the second powder collection box, and the third powder collection box. Its function is to sort and recover the excess powder in the molding cavity after each selective curing;
刮刀位于成型腔之上，成型腔设置在工作台之上，成型腔和工作台可实现上下运动和水平的左右运动；The scraper is located on the forming cavity, and the forming cavity is set on the workbench. The forming cavity and the workbench can realize up and down movement and horizontal left and right movement;
回收粉装置包括转盘和第一回收粉盒、第二回收粉盒和第三回收粉盒和转盘，第一回收粉盒、第二回收粉盒和第三回收粉盒均匀分布在转盘上，伺服电机带动轴转动，转盘由轴带动旋转，从而实现更换收粉盒的功能，回收粉装置的作用是分类回收刮刀刮平每层后多余的粉末。The recovery powder device includes a turntable, the first recovery powder box, the second recovery powder box, the third recovery powder box and the turntable. The first recovery powder box, the second recovery powder box and the third recovery powder box are evenly distributed on the turntable, and the servo The motor drives the shaft to rotate, and the turntable is driven by the shaft to rotate, so as to realize the function of replacing the powder collection box. The function of the powder recovery device is to classify and recover the excess powder after scraping each layer with a scraper.
所述的床身还包括传感器，用来精确控制工作台运行的位置。The bed also includes sensors, which are used to precisely control the running position of the workbench.
所述第一粉料盒、第二粉料盒和第三粉料盒的宽度大于成型腔的宽度，以保证粉末全部覆盖整个成型腔。The width of the first powder box, the second powder box and the third powder box is larger than the width of the molding cavity, so as to ensure that the powder completely covers the entire molding cavity.
所述第一粉料盒、第二粉料盒和第三粉料盒的下方均开有通长的漏粉口，各内置一个花键轴，花键轴转动时漏粉，停转时起到密封作用；所述的花键轴均由步进电机控制；所述的第一粉料盒、第二粉料盒和第三粉料盒均装有传感器，用以控制相应的步进电机转停，从而准确的控制漏粉范围，以免浪费材料。The bottoms of the first powder box, the second powder box and the third powder box are all provided with full-length powder leakage ports, and each has a spline shaft built in. When the spline shaft rotates, the powder leaks, and when it stops, the to the sealing effect; the spline shafts are all controlled by stepping motors; the first powder box, the second powder box and the third powder box are all equipped with sensors to control the corresponding stepping motors Rotate to stop, so as to accurately control the range of powder leakage, so as not to waste materials.
所述吸粉装置的吸粉嘴的形状是鸭嘴形，所述的吸粉嘴最下方的宽度大于成型腔的宽度，以保证全面吸收整个成型腔内多余的粉末；所述的吸粉嘴联接真空吸粉泵；所述的真空吸粉泵是三通的，真空吸粉泵分别联接空气压缩机、电磁阀；所述的电磁阀末端联接第一收粉箱、第二收粉箱和第三收粉箱；所述的第一收粉箱、第二收粉箱和第三收粉箱的上端是开放的，在上端管口处安装有滤网。The shape of the powder suction nozzle of the powder suction device is a duckbill shape, and the width of the bottom of the powder suction nozzle is greater than the width of the molding cavity, so as to ensure that the excess powder in the entire molding cavity is fully absorbed; the powder suction nozzle Connect the vacuum powder suction pump; the vacuum powder suction pump is a three-way connection, and the vacuum powder suction pump is respectively connected to the air compressor and the solenoid valve; the end of the solenoid valve is connected to the first powder collection box, the second powder collection box and The third powder collection box; the upper ends of the first powder collection box, the second powder collection box and the third powder collection box are open, and a filter screen is installed at the nozzle of the upper end.
所述的刮刀下方刀刃是楔形的，刀刃的宽度大于成型腔的宽度，刮刀的刃口完全与成型腔的上表面接触。The lower blade of the scraper is wedge-shaped, the width of the blade is larger than that of the forming cavity, and the cutting edge of the scraper is completely in contact with the upper surface of the forming cavity.
所述的成型腔外面套有收粉盒，收粉盒的作用是回收从成型腔的三个侧面撒出的粉末。The outside of the molding cavity is covered with a powder collection box, and the function of the powder collection box is to recover the powder scattered from the three sides of the molding cavity.
所述的工作台包括工作台支架、实现上下运动和水平左右运动的滚珠丝杠和伺服电机系统。The workbench includes a workbench support, a ball screw and a servo motor system for realizing up-and-down movement and horizontal left-right movement.
所述的第一回收粉盒、第二回收粉盒和第三回收粉盒宽度大于成型腔的宽度，保证刮刀刮出的粉末全部落入收粉盒。The width of the first recycled powder box, the second recycled powder box and the third recycled powder box is larger than the width of the forming cavity, so as to ensure that all the powder scraped by the scraper falls into the powder collected box.
所述的3D打印装置还包括冷却系统、安全系统、机床控制系统、激光控制系统和三维打印(3DP)的打印头控制系统。The 3D printing device also includes a cooling system, a safety system, a machine tool control system, a laser control system and a three-dimensional printing (3DP) print head control system.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
采用本发明可以便捷的打印出梯度材料、功能材料、复合材料、彩色制件等，更大的优点是可以制备多种材料组成的零件、部件及一体化功能器件。The invention can conveniently print gradient materials, functional materials, composite materials, colored parts, etc., and has the greater advantage of being able to prepare parts, components and integrated functional devices composed of various materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的打印装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the printing device of the present invention.
图2为本发明之打印装置的吸粉装置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the powder suction device of the printing device of the present invention.
图3为本发明之打印装置的成型腔外套的收粉盒结构图。Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the powder collecting box of the molding chamber casing of the printing device of the present invention.
图4、图5、图6、图7、图8、图9和图10为本发明的打印装置运行状态展示图。Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are diagrams showing the operation state of the printing device of the present invention.
图11至图21为本发明实施例的打印一层过程中成型腔的状态展示图。FIG. 11 to FIG. 21 are diagrams showing states of the forming cavity during the process of printing one layer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示，本发明包括床身1、送粉装置2、吸粉装置3、刮刀4、成型腔5、工作台6和回收粉装置7；As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes a bed 1, a powder feeding device 2, a powder suction device 3, a scraper 4, a molding cavity 5, a workbench 6 and a powder recovery device 7;
床身1右侧固定有激光器装置或三维打印(3DP)的打印头装置；A laser device or a three-dimensional printing (3DP) print head device is fixed on the right side of the bed 1;
送粉装置2包括有第一粉料盒21、第二粉料盒22、第三粉料盒23；The powder feeding device 2 includes a first powder box 21, a second powder box 22, and a third powder box 23;
吸粉装置3包括吸粉嘴34、第一收粉箱31、第二收粉箱32、第三收粉箱33，其作用是分类回收每次选择性固化后成型腔内多余的粉末；The powder suction device 3 includes a powder suction nozzle 34, a first powder collection box 31, a second powder collection box 32, and a third powder collection box 33, and its function is to classify and recover redundant powder in the molding cavity after each selective curing;
刮刀4位于成型腔5之上，成型腔5设置在工作台6之上，成型腔5和工作台6可实现上下运动和水平的左右运动；The scraper 4 is located on the forming cavity 5, and the forming cavity 5 is set on the workbench 6, and the forming cavity 5 and the workbench 6 can realize up and down movement and horizontal left and right movement;
回收粉装置7包括转盘和第一回收粉盒71、第二回收粉盒72和第三回收粉盒73和转盘74，第一回收粉盒71、第二回收粉盒72和第三回收粉盒73均匀分布在转盘74上，伺服电机带动轴75转动，转盘74由轴75带动旋转，从而实现更换收粉盒的功能，回收粉装置7的作用是分类回收刮刀4刮平每层后多余的粉末。The recovery powder device 7 comprises a turntable and a first recovery powder box 71, a second recovery powder box 72 and a third recovery powder box 73 and a turntable 74, the first recovery powder box 71, the second recovery powder box 72 and the third recovery powder box 73 is evenly distributed on the turntable 74, the servo motor drives the shaft 75 to rotate, and the turntable 74 is driven to rotate by the shaft 75, so as to realize the function of replacing the powder collection box. powder.
所述的床身1还包括传感器，用来精确控制工作台6运行的位置。The bed 1 also includes sensors for precisely controlling the running position of the workbench 6 .
所述第一粉料盒21、第二粉料盒22和第三粉料盒23的宽度大于成型腔5的宽度，以保证粉末全部覆盖整个成型腔5。The width of the first powder box 21 , the second powder box 22 and the third powder box 23 is greater than that of the molding cavity 5 to ensure that the powder completely covers the entire molding cavity 5 .
所述第一粉料盒21、第二粉料盒22和第三粉料盒23的下方均开有通长的漏粉口，各内置一个花键轴24，花键轴24转动时漏粉，停转时起到密封作用；所述的花键轴24均由步进电机控制；所述的第一粉料盒21、第二粉料盒22和第三粉料盒23均装有传感器，用以控制相应的步进电机转停，从而准确的控制漏粉范围，以免浪费材料。The bottoms of the first powder box 21, the second powder box 22 and the third powder box 23 are all provided with a long powder leakage port, and a spline shaft 24 is built in each, and the powder leaks when the spline shaft 24 rotates. , play a sealing role when the rotation is stopped; the spline shaft 24 is controlled by a stepping motor; the first powder box 21, the second powder box 22 and the third powder box 23 are equipped with sensors , used to control the corresponding stepping motor to stop, so as to accurately control the powder leakage range, so as not to waste materials.
如图2所示，所述吸粉装置3的吸粉嘴34的形状是鸭嘴形，所述的吸粉嘴34最下方的宽度大于成型腔5的宽度，以保证全面吸收整个成型腔5内多余的粉末；所述的吸粉嘴34联接真空吸粉泵35；所述的真空吸粉泵35是三通的，真空吸粉泵35分别联接空气压缩机36、电磁阀37；所述的电磁阀37末端联接第一收粉箱31、第二收粉箱32和第三收粉箱33；所述的第一收粉箱31、第二收粉箱32和第三收粉箱33的上端是开放的，在上端管口处安装有滤网。As shown in Figure 2, the shape of the powder suction nozzle 34 of the powder suction device 3 is a duckbill shape, and the bottom width of the powder suction nozzle 34 is greater than the width of the molding cavity 5, so as to ensure that the entire molding cavity 5 is fully absorbed. The redundant powder inside; the powder suction nozzle 34 is connected to the vacuum powder suction pump 35; the vacuum powder suction pump 35 is three-way, and the vacuum powder suction pump 35 is connected to the air compressor 36 and the electromagnetic valve 37 respectively; The end of the solenoid valve 37 is connected to the first powder collection box 31, the second powder collection box 32 and the third powder collection box 33; the first powder collection box 31, the second powder collection box 32 and the third powder collection box 33 The upper end is open, and a filter screen is installed at the upper nozzle.
所述的刮刀4下方刀刃是楔形的，刀刃的宽度大于成型腔5的宽度，刮刀4的刃口完全与成型腔5的上表面接触。The lower blade of the scraper 4 is wedge-shaped, and the width of the blade is greater than the width of the molding cavity 5 , and the edge of the scraper 4 is completely in contact with the upper surface of the molding cavity 5 .
所述的成型腔5外面套有收粉盒51，如图3所示，收粉盒51的作用是回收从成型腔的三个侧面撒出的粉末。The molding cavity 5 is covered with a powder collection box 51, as shown in Figure 3, the function of the powder collection box 51 is to recover the powder scattered from the three sides of the molding cavity.
所述的工作台6包括工作台支架、实现上下运动和水平左右运动的滚珠丝杠和伺服电机系统。The workbench 6 includes a workbench support, a ball screw and a servo motor system for up and down movement and horizontal left and right movement.
所述的第一回收粉盒71、第二回收粉盒72和第三回收粉盒73宽度大于成型腔5的宽度，保证刮刀刮出的粉末全部落入收粉盒。The width of the first recovered powder box 71 , the second recovered powder box 72 and the third recovered powder box 73 is larger than the width of the molding cavity 5 to ensure that all the powder scraped by the scraper falls into the powder box.
所述的3D打印装置还包括冷却系统、安全系统、机床控制系统、激光控制系统和三维打印(3DP)的打印头控制系统。The 3D printing device also includes a cooling system, a safety system, a machine tool control system, a laser control system and a three-dimensional printing (3DP) print head control system.
本发明的工作过程：Working process of the present invention:
步骤1：建立用颜色区分材料的多材料物体三维模型，并进行切片处理，将切片数据输入3D打印机。Step 1: Establish a three-dimensional model of a multi-material object that uses colors to distinguish materials, perform slice processing, and input the slice data into a 3D printer.
步骤2：按照用量，取各种材料的粉末，干燥后，放入相应的送粉盒中。Step 2: According to the dosage, take the powder of various materials, after drying, put it into the corresponding powder delivery box.
步骤3：对整个3D打印设备进行安全调试，调试好后，等待打印。Step 3: Perform safety debugging on the entire 3D printing equipment, after debugging, wait for printing.
步骤4：根据切片信息，工作台下降第一个切片厚度，并运行到床身最左侧，铺粉装置此时的状态如图4所示，成型腔内为空，状态如图11所示。Step 4: According to the slicing information, the worktable descends to the first slicing thickness and runs to the far left side of the bed. The state of the powder spreading device at this time is shown in Figure 4, and the molding cavity is empty, as shown in Figure 11. .
步骤5：在机床的控制系统下，工作台向右运动，同时根据第一层切片信息，3D打印机判断送粉盒的铺粉顺序，并将信息传输给机床控制系统，当成型腔与铺粉顺序排在第一位的送粉盒位置适当时，控制系统控制该送粉盒上的步进电机带动其花键轴旋转，开始铺粉，状态如图5所示，直至整个成型腔通过该送粉盒，该送粉盒的步进电机停止旋转，结束送粉。Step 5: Under the control system of the machine tool, the worktable moves to the right, and at the same time, according to the slice information of the first layer, the 3D printer judges the powder spreading sequence of the powder feeding box, and transmits the information to the machine tool control system. When the position of the first powder feeding box is proper, the control system controls the stepping motor on the powder feeding box to drive its spline shaft to rotate and start powder spreading. The state is shown in Figure 5 until the entire molding cavity passes through the The powder feeding box, the stepper motor of the powder feeding box stops rotating, and the powder feeding ends.
步骤6：在工作台运动到刮刀位置时，刮刀开始刮粉，同时回收粉装置旋转，最终使与上述送粉盒相对应的回收粉盒停留在工作台的下粉口处，状态如图6所示。刮刀刮过整个成型腔后，在成型腔内均匀的铺满一个切片厚度的粉末，状态如图12所示，此时铺粉装置的状态如图7所示。Step 6: When the workbench moves to the position of the scraper, the scraper starts to scrape the powder, and at the same time the powder recovery device rotates, and finally the recovery powder box corresponding to the above-mentioned powder delivery box stays at the powder lowering port of the workbench, as shown in Figure 6 shown. After the scraper scrapes across the entire forming cavity, the forming cavity is evenly covered with a slice-thick powder, as shown in Figure 12, and the state of the powder spreading device is shown in Figure 7.
步骤7：工作台运行到床身右侧，精确定位并停止，激光打印头或三维打印(3DP)的打印头根据切片信息精确的固化成型代表第一种材料的颜色区域，此时成型腔的状态如图13所示，铺粉装置的状态如图8所示。Step 7: The workbench runs to the right side of the bed, precisely positions and stops, and the laser printing head or 3D printing (3DP) printing head accurately solidifies and shapes the color area representing the first material according to the slice information. At this time, the molding cavity The state is shown in Figure 13, and the state of the powder spreading device is shown in Figure 8.
步骤8：工作台向左运行到吸粉装置处，吸粉装置开始吸粉，同时电磁阀打开与上述送粉箱对应的收粉箱通道，未固化的粉末被吸回收粉箱，状态如图9所示，直至整个成型腔全部通过吸粉嘴，吸粉装置停止吸粉，此时成型腔状态如图14所示，工作台一直运行到床身最左侧，铺粉装置此时状态如图10所示。Step 8: The workbench moves to the left to the powder suction device, the powder suction device starts to suck powder, and at the same time, the electromagnetic valve opens the channel of the powder collection box corresponding to the above powder delivery box, and the uncured powder is sucked back into the powder box, the state is shown in the figure As shown in 9, until the entire molding cavity passes through the powder suction nozzle, the powder suction device stops sucking powder. At this time, the state of the molding cavity is shown in Figure 14. Figure 10 shows.
步骤9：工作台向右运动，开始接下来的材料铺粉，每种材料的铺粉、刮粉、固化成型、吸粉的整个过程均重复步骤5-8，在此过程中成型腔的状态变化如图15、图16、图17、图18、图19和图20所示，直到最后一种材料完成此过程。Step 9: The workbench moves to the right to start the powder spreading of the next material. The whole process of powder spreading, powder scraping, curing molding and powder suction of each material is repeated in steps 5-8. During this process, the state of the molding cavity The changes are shown in Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 until the last material completes the process.
步骤10：工作台下降第二个切片厚度，重复步骤5-9，从而层层叠加而成三维实体，如图21所示。Step 10: Lower the workbench to the second slice thickness, and repeat steps 5-9, so as to form a three-dimensional solid layer by layer, as shown in Figure 21.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520986425.4UCN205272601U (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Powder and fashioned 3D printing device are spread to many materials |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520986425.4UCN205272601U (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Powder and fashioned 3D printing device are spread to many materials |
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| CN205272601Utrue CN205272601U (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201520986425.4UExpired - Fee RelatedCN205272601U (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Powder and fashioned 3D printing device are spread to many materials |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20160601 Termination date:20181202 | |
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