技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及金属材料加工及制造技术领域，特别是指一种利用液态金属直接进行3D打印制造的装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of metal material processing and manufacturing, in particular to a device for direct 3D printing and manufacturing by using liquid metal.
背景技术Background technique
复杂构件近终型成型是提高生产效率，降低成本的重要途径，尤其是对于产品加工难度大、设计生产周期要求紧迫的领域、如汽车、航空、模具、工程机械等领域，新的生产工艺正在不断发展。随着智能控制技术的不断发展，其在制造领域的应用越来越普及，作用也越来越重要。智能制造使得产品加工制造过程更快捷、质量更稳定以及升级换代更方便。3D打印制造技术是智能制造发展的代表性新技术之一，其主要方法是通过材料堆积的方式将产品的数字模型或部件直接加工成型，3D打印技术已在医学、航空、建筑等领域取得了应用。但目前3D打印的原料中，金属材料主要为粉末，并通过激光烧结技术将其成型，因此具有效率慢、致密性不足及力学性能低等缺点，对于大批量或大尺寸构件的应用需求难以满足。随着3D打印技术的不断发展、相关冶金及控制技术的进步，利用液态金属进行直接打印加工将成为金属材料加工、生产的一种重要方法。The near-net shape forming of complex components is an important way to improve production efficiency and reduce costs, especially for fields where product processing is difficult and the design and production cycle requirements are tight, such as automobiles, aviation, molds, construction machinery and other fields, new production processes are being developed Growing. With the continuous development of intelligent control technology, its application in the manufacturing field is becoming more and more popular, and its role is becoming more and more important. Intelligent manufacturing makes the product processing and manufacturing process faster, the quality more stable and the upgrade more convenient. 3D printing manufacturing technology is one of the representative new technologies in the development of intelligent manufacturing. Its main method is to directly process the digital model or parts of the product through material accumulation. 3D printing technology has made great achievements in medicine, aviation, construction and other fields. application. However, at present, among the raw materials for 3D printing, metal materials are mainly powders, which are formed by laser sintering technology, so they have disadvantages such as slow efficiency, insufficient compactness and low mechanical properties, and it is difficult to meet the application requirements of large-scale or large-scale components. . With the continuous development of 3D printing technology and the advancement of related metallurgy and control technology, direct printing using liquid metal will become an important method for metal material processing and production.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用液态金属直接进行3D打印制造的装置。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a device for direct 3D printing and manufacturing by using liquid metal.
该装置包括熔融金属供应系统和液态金属打印运动及控制系统，熔融金属供应系统包括高温液态金属容器、液态金属导管、中间液态金属包、加热线圈、温度测量热电偶、液态金属流量调节阀、液态金属集流器、气体冷却器、液态金属喷嘴和液态冷却器，液态金属打印运动及控制系统包括水平横向移动平台、水平纵向移动平台和竖向移动装置；液态金属导管安装于高温液态金属容器下方，中间液态金属包通过液态金属导管与高温液态金属容器相连，中间液态金属包下方为液态金属流量调节阀，液态金属流量调节阀通过液态金属导管与中间液态金属包连接，液态金属流量调节阀下方为液态金属喷嘴，液态金属喷嘴外侧为液态金属集流器，液态金属喷嘴下方设置气体冷却器和液态冷却器，液态金属导管和中间液态金属包外侧设置加热线圈，打印运动及控制系统位于熔融金属供应系统下方。The device includes a molten metal supply system and a liquid metal printing motion and control system. The molten metal supply system includes a high-temperature liquid metal container, a liquid metal conduit, an intermediate liquid metal bag, a heating coil, a temperature measuring thermocouple, a liquid metal flow regulating valve, a liquid metal Metal current collectors, gas coolers, liquid metal nozzles and liquid coolers, liquid metal printing motion and control systems include horizontal and horizontal moving platforms, horizontal and vertical moving platforms and vertical moving devices; liquid metal conduits are installed under high-temperature liquid metal containers , the middle liquid metal bag is connected to the high-temperature liquid metal container through the liquid metal conduit, the liquid metal flow regulating valve is located below the middle liquid metal bag, the liquid metal flow regulating valve is connected to the middle liquid metal bag through the liquid metal conduit, and the bottom of the liquid metal flow regulating valve is It is a liquid metal nozzle, and the outside of the liquid metal nozzle is a liquid metal collector, the gas cooler and the liquid cooler are arranged under the liquid metal nozzle, the heating coil is arranged outside the liquid metal conduit and the middle liquid metal bag, and the printing movement and control system is located in the molten metal Below the supply system.
其中，打印运动及控制系统最上层为水平横向移动平台或水平纵向移动平台，中间层为水平纵向移动平台或水平横向移动平台，下方为竖向移动装置，能够实现3向3自由度控制运动；液态金属导管为陶瓷导管；液态金属流量调节阀为电磁节流阀。Among them, the uppermost layer of the printing motion and control system is a horizontal and vertical moving platform or a horizontal and vertical moving platform, the middle layer is a horizontal and vertical moving platform or a horizontal and horizontal moving platform, and the bottom is a vertical moving device, which can realize 3-direction and 3-degree-of-freedom control movement; The liquid metal conduit is a ceramic conduit; the liquid metal flow regulating valve is an electromagnetic throttle valve.
利用该装置进行工作时，熔融金属供应系统不动，将熔融金属置于可进行温度控制的高温液态金属容器中，液态金属通过液态金属导管由高温液态金属容器引出至中间液态金属包，液态金属导管及中间液态金属包内的液态金属温度由加热线圈(感应加热或电阻加热)和温度测量热电偶组成的温度测量控制系统调节。经温度调节后的液态金属由液态金属导管传至液态金属流量调节阀，液态金属流量调节阀自动控制液态金属流速，适当的液态金属流至液态金属喷嘴。When using this device to work, the molten metal supply system does not move, and the molten metal is placed in a high-temperature liquid metal container that can be controlled by temperature. The temperature of the liquid metal in the conduit and the intermediate liquid metal bag is regulated by a temperature measurement and control system composed of a heating coil (induction heating or resistance heating) and a temperature measurement thermocouple. The liquid metal after temperature adjustment is transmitted to the liquid metal flow regulating valve by the liquid metal conduit, and the liquid metal flow regulating valve automatically controls the flow rate of the liquid metal, and the appropriate liquid metal flows to the liquid metal nozzle.
打印制造时，液态金属喷嘴固定，打印构件置于液态金属打印运动及控制系统的运动平台上。运动平台可进行电脑程序控制的X、Y、Z三个自由度运动。构件逐层打印，每层打印宽度及高度由被打印构件的厚度及液态金属喷嘴的选型控制。打印过程中液态金属在液态金属喷嘴前的形态由液态金属喷嘴形状及液态金属集流器控制，液态金属集流器可分为电磁液态金属集流器与气体金属集流器控制，其作用是使液态金属喷嘴流出的液态金属聚集而不发生飞溅，电磁液态金属集流器的工作原理是利用电磁场使具有磁性的液态金属聚集成束，气体金属集流器是利用集流器中的惰性气体在液态金属打印喷嘴四周进行喷射加载使液态金属聚集成束。液态金属及成型后金属采用气体冷却器中的氮气及液态冷却器中的水进行冷却，避免金属的氧化及反复过热，以保证材质的性能。During printing and manufacturing, the liquid metal nozzle is fixed, and the printing component is placed on the motion platform of the liquid metal printing motion and control system. The motion platform can carry out X, Y, Z three degrees of freedom motion controlled by computer program. The components are printed layer by layer, and the printing width and height of each layer are controlled by the thickness of the printed component and the selection of the liquid metal nozzle. During the printing process, the shape of liquid metal in front of the liquid metal nozzle is controlled by the shape of the liquid metal nozzle and the liquid metal current collector. The liquid metal current collector can be divided into electromagnetic liquid metal current collector and gas metal current collector. Its function is The liquid metal flowing out of the liquid metal nozzle gathers without splashing. The working principle of the electromagnetic liquid metal current collector is to use the electromagnetic field to gather the magnetic liquid metal into bundles. The gas metal current collector uses the inert gas in the current collector Jet loading around the liquid metal print nozzle causes the liquid metal to gather into bundles. The liquid metal and formed metal are cooled by nitrogen in the gas cooler and water in the liquid cooler to avoid metal oxidation and repeated overheating to ensure the performance of the material.
熔融金属供应系统还与一台流态石膏打印头相配合，且流态石膏打印头与熔融金属供应系统共用同一液态金属打印运动及控制系统，对于金属材料需要空间大角度(大于45度)横向延展的打印，先进行石膏支撑体的打印，再在支撑体上进行液态金属的打印。The molten metal supply system is also matched with a fluid gypsum printing head, and the fluid gypsum printing head and the molten metal supply system share the same liquid metal printing motion and control system. For metal materials, a large angle of space (greater than 45 degrees) is required. For extended printing, the gypsum support is printed first, and then the liquid metal is printed on the support.
本实用新型的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solution of the utility model are as follows:
该装置将液态金属直接加工成符合结构尺寸及性能的金属构件，能够提高复杂金属构件的加工效率，优化产品设计，降低生产成本。由于不需要在真空箱环境下进行加工，因此被加工工件尺寸相对较大，可以达到数米范围。与粉体烧结3D打印相比较，工艺成本较低，生产过程更安全环保。The device directly processes liquid metal into metal components conforming to the structural size and performance, which can improve the processing efficiency of complex metal components, optimize product design, and reduce production costs. Since it does not need to be processed in a vacuum box environment, the size of the workpiece to be processed is relatively large, and can reach a range of several meters. Compared with powder sintering 3D printing, the process cost is lower, and the production process is safer and more environmentally friendly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的利用液态金属直接进行3D打印制造的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for direct 3D printing and manufacturing using liquid metal of the present invention.
其中：1-高温液态金属容器；2-液态金属导管；3-中间液态金属包；4-加热线圈；5-温度测量热电偶；6-液态金属流量调节阀；7-液态金属集流器；8-气体冷却器；9-液态金属喷嘴；10-液态冷却器；11-水平横向移动平台；12-水平纵向移动平台；13-竖向移动装置。Among them: 1-high temperature liquid metal container; 2-liquid metal conduit; 3-intermediate liquid metal bag; 4-heating coil; 5-temperature measuring thermocouple; 6-liquid metal flow regulating valve; 7-liquid metal collector; 8-gas cooler; 9-liquid metal nozzle; 10-liquid cooler; 11-horizontal and horizontal moving platform; 12-horizontal and longitudinal moving platform; 13-vertical moving device.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本实用新型要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the utility model clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
本实用新型针对现有的3D打印装置不能够对液体进行有效打印的问题，提供一种利用液态金属直接进行3D打印制造的装置。The utility model aims at the problem that the existing 3D printing device cannot effectively print the liquid, and provides a device for directly performing 3D printing and manufacturing by using liquid metal.
如图1所示，为该装置的结构示意图。液态金属导管2安装于高温液态金属容器1下方，中间液态金属包3通过液态金属导管2与高温液态金属容器1相连，中间液态金属包3下方为液态金属流量调节阀6，液态金属流量调节阀6通过液态金属导管2与中间液态金属包3连接，液态金属流量调节阀6下方为液态金属喷嘴9，液态金属喷嘴9外侧为液态金属集流器7，液态金属喷嘴9下方设置气体冷却器8和液态冷却器10，液态金属导管2和中间液态金属包3外侧设置加热线圈4，打印运动及控制系统位于熔融金属供应系统下方。且打印运动及控制系统最上层为水平横向移动平台11或水平纵向移动平台12，中间层为水平纵向移动平台12或水平横向移动平台11，下方为竖向移动装置13，能够实现3向3自由度控制运动。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic structural diagram of the device. The liquid metal conduit 2 is installed under the high-temperature liquid metal container 1, the middle liquid metal bag 3 is connected with the high-temperature liquid metal container 1 through the liquid metal conduit 2, the liquid metal flow regulating valve 6 is located below the middle liquid metal bag 3, and the liquid metal flow regulating valve 6 is connected to the middle liquid metal bag 3 through the liquid metal conduit 2, the liquid metal nozzle 9 is located below the liquid metal flow regulating valve 6, the liquid metal nozzle 9 is a liquid metal collector 7, and a gas cooler 8 is arranged below the liquid metal nozzle 9 And a liquid cooler 10, a heating coil 4 is arranged outside the liquid metal conduit 2 and the middle liquid metal bag 3, and the printing motion and control system is located below the molten metal supply system. And the uppermost layer of the printing motion and control system is the horizontal and vertical moving platform 11 or the horizontal and vertical moving platform 12, the middle layer is the horizontal and vertical moving platform 12 or the horizontal and horizontal moving platform 11, and the bottom is the vertical moving device 13, which can realize 3 directions and 3 freedom degree of control movement.
在实际工作中，液态金属3D打印装置安装调试完毕后，开启液态金属导管2及中间液态金属包3的加热线圈4，使液态金属导管2及中间液态金属包3达到设定温度。向高温液态金属容器1充入符合成分要求的液态金属，并进行表面惰性气体保护。调节液态金属流量调节阀6，使液态金属导管2及中间液态金属包3中充满液态金属。在打印运动平台上安装便于构件与平台分离的涂层，调整打印运动系统至适当高度，开启液态金属流量调节阀6，使液态金属流至液态金属喷嘴9，同时调整液态金属集流器7及气体冷却器8和羊液态冷却器10流量，适应液态金属流量的需要。打印运动平台按设定轨迹运动，打印出所需尺寸构件。In actual work, after the liquid metal 3D printing device is installed and debugged, the heating coil 4 of the liquid metal conduit 2 and the middle liquid metal bag 3 is turned on to make the liquid metal conduit 2 and the middle liquid metal bag 3 reach the set temperature. Fill the high-temperature liquid metal container 1 with liquid metal meeting the composition requirements, and protect the surface with an inert gas. Adjust the liquid metal flow regulating valve 6 so that the liquid metal conduit 2 and the middle liquid metal bag 3 are filled with liquid metal. Install a coating on the printing motion platform that facilitates the separation of components and the platform, adjust the printing motion system to an appropriate height, open the liquid metal flow regulating valve 6, and make the liquid metal flow to the liquid metal nozzle 9, and adjust the liquid metal current collector 7 and Gas cooler 8 and sheep liquid cooler 10 flow rate, adapt to the needs of liquid metal flow rate. The printing motion platform moves according to the set trajectory, and prints out the required size components.
实施例1Example 1
对碳钢及合金钢液态金属，选择高温液态金属容器1、液态金属导管2及中间液态金属包3中的控制温度为1520-1540℃，控制金属流量为1ml/s，气体冷却器8流量为100ml/s，液态冷却器10流量为50ml/s。水平横向移动平台11移动速率为200mm/s，竖向移动装置13每次垂直移动距离为2mm。可实现厚度为2.5mm板材的打印制造。For carbon steel and alloy steel liquid metal, the control temperature in the high-temperature liquid metal container 1, liquid metal conduit 2 and intermediate liquid metal bag 3 is selected to be 1520-1540°C, the flow rate of the controlled metal is 1ml/s, and the flow rate of the gas cooler 8 is 100ml/s, the flow rate of the liquid cooler 10 is 50ml/s. The moving rate of the horizontal and lateral moving platform 11 is 200 mm/s, and the vertical moving distance of the vertical moving device 13 is 2 mm each time. It can realize printing and manufacturing of plates with a thickness of 2.5mm.
实施例2Example 2
对铝合金液态金属，选择液态金属容器1、液态金属导管2及中间液态金属包3中的控制温度为690-720℃，控制金属流量为10ml/s，气体冷却器8流量为200ml/s，液体冷却器10流量为50ml/s。水平横向移动平台11移动速率为100mm/s，竖向移动装置13每次垂直移动距离为5mm。可实现厚度为20mm铝合金型材的打印制造。For aluminum alloy liquid metal, the control temperature in the liquid metal container 1, the liquid metal conduit 2 and the intermediate liquid metal bag 3 is selected to be 690-720°C, the flow rate of the controlled metal is 10ml/s, and the flow rate of the gas cooler 8 is 200ml/s. The flow rate of the liquid cooler 10 is 50ml/s. The moving rate of the horizontal and lateral moving platform 11 is 100 mm/s, and the vertical moving distance of the vertical moving device 13 is 5 mm each time. It can realize the printing and manufacturing of aluminum alloy profiles with a thickness of 20mm.
以上所述是本实用新型的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。The above is a preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made. And retouching should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520915647.7UCN205183787U (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Device for 3D prints manufacturing with liquid metal is direct |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520915647.7UCN205183787U (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Device for 3D prints manufacturing with liquid metal is direct |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205183787Utrue CN205183787U (en) | 2016-04-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520915647.7UWithdrawn - After IssueCN205183787U (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Device for 3D prints manufacturing with liquid metal is direct |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205183787U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105312573A (en)* | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for conducting 3D printing directly with liquid metal |
| CN105880598A (en)* | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 梁福鹏 | Metal three-dimensional printing method and equipment thereof |
| CN108213436A (en)* | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of former of liquid metal 3D printing from top to bottom |
| CN109759542A (en)* | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-17 | 北京科技大学 | A casting method based on layered autogenous mold |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105312573A (en)* | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-10 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for conducting 3D printing directly with liquid metal |
| CN105312573B (en)* | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for conducting 3D printing directly with liquid metal |
| CN105880598A (en)* | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 梁福鹏 | Metal three-dimensional printing method and equipment thereof |
| CN108213436A (en)* | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of former of liquid metal 3D printing from top to bottom |
| CN108213436B (en)* | 2018-02-12 | 2020-02-04 | 东南大学 | Top-down liquid metal 3D prints former |
| CN109759542A (en)* | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-17 | 北京科技大学 | A casting method based on layered autogenous mold |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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