技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及电源技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种稳定的汽车电源系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of power supplies, in particular to a stable automobile power supply system.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会发展，汽车越来越成为人们日常生活中必不可少的工具，但是由于电瓶亏电、天气寒冷等原因导致汽车无法正常启动的现象，也困扰着越来越多的驾车人员。市内的车辆可以呼叫维修公司救援，但需要付出长期等待的时间成本；而旅游爱好者和偏远地区的人们，在野外和乡村遇到这样的事故则束手无策。汽车应急启动电源就是为了解决汽车无法正常启动而出现的。目前，现有的一些汽车应急启动电源的技术方案，一般都通过搭电线搭接在汽车电瓶的正负极上，对汽车进行应急启动，其工作时不经过任何电路保护系统直接启动汽车，放电电流在200A至570A，从而造成汽车大电流放电，存在安全隐患，且这种搭电方式较为复杂，对于很多司机来说，有操作难度。With the development of society, automobiles have increasingly become an indispensable tool in people's daily life. However, the phenomenon that automobiles cannot start normally due to battery loss, cold weather and other reasons also plagues more and more drivers. Vehicles in the city can call the maintenance company for rescue, but they need to pay the time cost of waiting for a long time; while travel enthusiasts and people in remote areas are helpless when encountering such accidents in the wild and in the countryside. The emergency starting power supply of the car appeared to solve the problem that the car cannot be started normally. At present, some existing technical schemes of emergency start-up power supply for automobiles are generally connected to the positive and negative poles of the automobile battery by connecting wires to carry out emergency start-up of the automobile. When working, the automobile is directly started without any circuit protection system, and the discharge The current ranges from 200A to 570A, which causes the car to discharge a large current, which poses a safety hazard, and this method of connecting electricity is relatively complicated, and it is difficult for many drivers to operate.
也有一些汽车应急启动电源技术方案，通过给汽车电瓶补充电的方式启动汽车，但其工作时不能保证电流和电压的稳定输出，从而无法提供足够的电量启动汽车。There are also some car emergency starting power supply technical solutions, which start the car by supplementing the car battery with electricity, but the stable output of current and voltage cannot be guaranteed during its work, so that it cannot provide enough power to start the car.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型提供了一种稳定的汽车电源系统，以解决现有技术中存在的汽车应急启动电源技术方案操作复杂、安全性能低且工作不稳定的问题，提供一种工作稳定的汽车电源系统。The utility model provides a stable automobile power supply system to solve the problems of complex operation, low safety performance and unstable operation in the technical scheme of the automobile emergency starting power supply in the prior art, and provides a stable automobile power supply system.
一种稳定的汽车电源系统，包括：A stable automotive power system including:
多个蓄电池；Multiple batteries;
CPU；CPU;
充电接口；charging interface;
充电管理电路，其与充电接口连接，用于对蓄电池充电；与CPU信号连接，将充电的电流大小信号传递给CPU，并接收CPU的控制信号，对所述多个蓄电池进行均衡充电；The charging management circuit is connected with the charging interface and is used for charging the storage battery; it is connected with the CPU signal, transmits the charging current signal to the CPU, and receives the control signal of the CPU, and performs balanced charging on the plurality of storage batteries;
放电管理电路，与CPU信号连接；其输入端与所述多个蓄电池连接，输出端连接有变压电路，通过变压电路对外输出。The discharge management circuit is connected to the CPU signal; its input end is connected to the plurality of accumulators, and its output end is connected to a transformer circuit for external output through the transformer circuit.
本技术方案与现有的充电系统相比，可以对蓄电池进行稳定的均衡充电、放电，避免串联或并联的蓄电池由于个体的不一样，在充电或放电时，出现电压不一样，蓄电池与蓄电池之间进行充放电，从而导致电池工作不稳定，对外输出不稳定情况。本技术方案在对不同的蓄电池进行从充电、放电时，当某个体蓄电池出现先充满或过放电情况，充电管理电路、放电管理电路将对个体进行短路或关闭，停止对其充电或放电。Compared with the existing charging system, this technical solution can carry out stable and balanced charging and discharging of the storage battery, and avoids the voltage difference between the storage battery and the storage battery due to the individual difference of the storage battery in series or parallel connection when charging or discharging. Charging and discharging during charging and discharging, resulting in unstable battery operation and unstable external output. In this technical solution, when charging and discharging different storage batteries, when a certain storage battery is fully charged or over-discharged, the charging management circuit and the discharging management circuit will short-circuit or close the individual storage battery, and stop charging or discharging it.
进一步地，所述充电管理电路包括充电电路和充电均衡电路，充电电路的输入端与充电接口电连接，且充电电路的控制端与CPU信号连接，充电电路的输出端与充电均衡电路电连接，所述充电均衡电路包括与蓄电池并联连接的均衡电路，当蓄电池的电压未达到预定值时，均衡电路处于断路；当蓄电池的电压达到预定值时，均衡电路将蓄电池短路。Further, the charging management circuit includes a charging circuit and a charging equalization circuit, the input end of the charging circuit is electrically connected to the charging interface, and the control end of the charging circuit is connected to the CPU signal, and the output end of the charging circuit is electrically connected to the charging equalization circuit, The charging equalization circuit includes an equalization circuit connected in parallel with the storage battery. When the voltage of the storage battery does not reach a predetermined value, the equalization circuit is disconnected; when the voltage of the storage battery reaches a predetermined value, the equalization circuit short-circuits the storage battery.
这里的充电电路可以为一般的充电电路，通过检测电源的电流量，对电源进线恒流或恒压充电。均衡电路对个体的蓄电池进行监控，当某个体蓄电池先到的预定值（如4.2V），均衡电路由断路变成通路，并将蓄电池短路。从而避免该个体蓄电池对其他蓄电池充电的情况出现。The charging circuit here can be a general charging circuit, which charges the incoming line of the power supply with constant current or constant voltage by detecting the current of the power supply. The equalization circuit monitors the individual storage batteries. When a certain individual storage battery first reaches a predetermined value (such as 4.2V), the equalization circuit changes from an open circuit to an open circuit and short-circuits the storage battery. Thereby, it is avoided that the individual accumulator charges other accumulators.
进一步地，所述均衡电路包括：PNP三极管、TL431和分压电路；分压电路与蓄电池并联，分压电路设有第一连接端、中间连接端和第二连接端，分压电路的第一连接端与PNP三极管的发射极连接，PNP三极管的发射极通过偏压电阻与PNP三极管的基极连接，PNP三极管的基极与TL431的输出端连接，TL431的参考端与分压电路的中间连接端连接，TL431的输入端与分压电路的第二连接端连接，PNP三极管的集电极通过输出电阻与分压电路的第二连接端连接。Further, the equalization circuit includes: a PNP transistor, TL431 and a voltage divider circuit; the voltage divider circuit is connected in parallel with the storage battery, the voltage divider circuit is provided with a first connection end, an intermediate connection end and a second connection end, and the first connection end of the voltage divider circuit The connection terminal is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor, the emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the base of the PNP transistor through a bias resistor, the base of the PNP transistor is connected to the output terminal of TL431, and the reference terminal of TL431 is connected to the middle of the voltage divider circuit The input end of TL431 is connected to the second connection end of the voltage divider circuit, and the collector of the PNP transistor is connected to the second connection end of the voltage divider circuit through the output resistor.
分压电路为TL431提供一个参考电压，当蓄电池的电压到达预定值时，TL431的参考端电压到达2.5V，TL431形成通路，TL431与偏压电阻形成分压电路，PNP三极管的基极电压达到最低启动电压，PNP三极管的集电极与发射极形成通路，这里的PNP三极管相当于一个开关管，可以采用MOS管替代。The voltage divider circuit provides a reference voltage for TL431. When the battery voltage reaches a predetermined value, the reference terminal voltage of TL431 reaches 2.5V, TL431 forms a path, TL431 and bias resistor form a voltage divider circuit, and the base voltage of the PNP transistor reaches the lowest Starting voltage, the collector and emitter of the PNP transistor form a path, and the PNP transistor here is equivalent to a switch tube, which can be replaced by a MOS tube.
进一步地，充电电路包括电流检测电路和调整电路，电流检测电路包括三极管Q1，三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R4与充电电路的输入端连接，三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R3接地，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极向CPU传输电平信号；调整电路包括三极管Q2、三极管Q3、三极管Q4和场效应管Q5；三极管Q2的基极通过电阻R5接收CPU的控制信号，三极管Q2的基极通过电阻R6接地，三极管Q2的发射极接地，三极管Q2的集电极通过电阻R7与三极管的Q3的基极连接，三极管Q3的基极通过电阻R8与调整电路的输入端连接，三极管Q4的基极与三极管Q3的基极连接，三极管Q3的集电极接地，三极管Q3的发射极与三极管Q4的发射极连接，三极管Q4的集电极与调整电路的输入端连接，三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R9与调整电路的输入端连接，三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R10与场效应管Q5的G极连接，场效应管Q5的S极与调整电路的输入端连接，场效应管Q5的D极与调整电路的输出端连接。Further, the charging circuit includes a current detection circuit and an adjustment circuit, the current detection circuit includes a triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is connected to the input terminal of the charging circuit through a resistor R4, the base of the triode Q1 is grounded through a resistor R3, and the emitter of the triode Q1 The collector of transistor Q1 transmits level signals to the CPU; the adjustment circuit includes transistor Q2, transistor Q3, transistor Q4 and field effect transistor Q5; the base of transistor Q2 receives the control signal of CPU through resistor R5, and the base of transistor Q2 The pole is grounded through the resistor R6, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3 through the resistor R7, the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit through the resistor R8, and the base of the transistor Q4 The electrode is connected to the base of the transistor Q3, the collector of the transistor Q3 is grounded, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q4, the collector of the transistor Q4 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit, and the emitter of the transistor Q4 passes through the resistor R9 It is connected with the input end of the adjustment circuit, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected with the G pole of the field effect transistor Q5 through the resistor R10, the S pole of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected with the input end of the adjustment circuit, and the D pole of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected with the adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the circuit is connected.
电阻R5、R6形成分压电路，控制CPU对三极管Q2的基极输出电压；三极管Q2的集电极输出电压为三极管Q4、Q3的基极电压，其中，三极管Q3为PNP型，三极管Q2、三极管Q4为NPN型；Q3、Q4共同控制场效应管Q5的G极电压，进而达到控制输出的电压或电流。Resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider circuit to control the base output voltage of the CPU to the transistor Q2; the collector output voltage of the transistor Q2 is the base voltage of the transistors Q4 and Q3, wherein the transistor Q3 is PNP type, and the transistor Q2 and transistor Q4 It is NPN type; Q3 and Q4 jointly control the G electrode voltage of the field effect transistor Q5, and then achieve the control output voltage or current.
进一步地，充电电路还包括滤波电路，调整电路与滤波电路连接，滤波电路对外输出。Further, the charging circuit also includes a filter circuit, the adjustment circuit is connected to the filter circuit, and the filter circuit outputs to the outside.
其中，所述蓄电池为锂离子电池组或超级电容器组，工作电压范围为9.0V～12.6V，容量为3Ah～7Ah。Wherein, the storage battery is a lithium ion battery pack or a supercapacitor pack, the working voltage range is 9.0V-12.6V, and the capacity is 3Ah-7Ah.
所述充电接口包括市电输入端口和汽车电源输入端口。通过该设置，可以使用两种方法给该稳定的汽车电源系统的电源充电，一种是通过专用适配器连接交流220V市电充电，另一种则是使用汽车电源输入端口（点烟器插口）通过一根电连接线充电。The charging interface includes a commercial power input port and an automobile power input port. Through this setting, you can use two methods to charge the power of the stable car power system, one is to connect to the AC 220V mains for charging through a special adapter, and the other is to use the car power input port (cigarette lighter socket) through An electrical connection cord for charging.
进一步的，所述市电输入端口和汽车电源输入端口的接入电压均不低于12.6V，充电模式为恒流-恒压模式。Further, the input voltage of the mains input port and the vehicle power input port is not lower than 12.6V, and the charging mode is a constant current-constant voltage mode.
所述放电输出端口包括15VDC输出端口和5VUSB输出端口。通过该设置，可以使得本实用新型有多种电量输出功能，15VDC输出端口通过电连接线连接汽车的点烟器插口给汽车电瓶充电，5VUSB输出端口适用于各类5V的移动多媒体设备的充电。The discharge output port includes a 15VDC output port and a 5VUSB output port. Through this setting, the utility model can have multiple power output functions. The 15VDC output port is connected to the cigarette lighter socket of the car to charge the car battery through the electric connection line, and the 5VUSB output port is suitable for charging various 5V mobile multimedia devices.
进一步地，所述变压电路包括升压电路和降压电路。Further, the voltage transforming circuit includes a voltage boosting circuit and a voltage reducing circuit.
进一步的，所述放电管理模块通过升压电路与15VDC输出端口相连，通过降压电路与5VUSB输出端口相连。升压电路和降压电路的设置使得放电输出端口可以恒压恒流放电，从而保证了汽车电源系统工作的稳定性。Further, the discharge management module is connected to the 15VDC output port through the boost circuit, and connected to the 5VUSB output port through the step-down circuit. The setting of the boost circuit and the step-down circuit enables the discharge output port to discharge at a constant voltage and constant current, thereby ensuring the stability of the automotive power system.
所述15VDC输出端口连接汽车电源的点烟器插口，输出电流范围为3A～15A。The 15VDC output port is connected to the cigarette lighter socket of the automobile power supply, and the output current range is 3A-15A.
优选的，所述15VDC输出端口输出电流为7A。Preferably, the output current of the 15VDC output port is 7A.
所述微处理器还连接有一个按键。该按键负责整个电源电路的开关和输出电压切换的功能。The microprocessor is also connected with a button. This button is responsible for the switch of the entire power circuit and the function of output voltage switching.
进一步地，还包括保护电路。保护电路用于保护电池的过流、过压、过放电保护。Further, a protection circuit is also included. The protection circuit is used to protect the overcurrent, overvoltage and overdischarge protection of the battery.
保护电路包括保护芯片，保护芯片型号为S8254，保护电路包括检测电路，检测电路的输入端与每个蓄电池的正极连接，检测电路的输出端与保护芯片的感应端信号连接，所述多个蓄电池串联连接形成蓄电池组；保护电路还包括与蓄电池串联连接的MOS管Q17和MOS管Q16；MOS管Q16的S极与保护电路的信号端连接，MOS管Q16的D极与MOS管Q17的D极连接，MOS管Q17的S极与蓄电池组的正极连接，保护芯片的DOP控制端、COP控制端分别与MOS管Q17的G极、MOS管Q17的G极连接。The protection circuit includes a protection chip, the protection chip model is S8254, the protection circuit includes a detection circuit, the input end of the detection circuit is connected to the positive pole of each battery, the output end of the detection circuit is connected to the sensing end of the protection chip, and the plurality of storage batteries Connect in series to form a battery pack; the protection circuit also includes a MOS tube Q17 and a MOS tube Q16 connected in series with the battery; the S pole of the MOS tube Q16 is connected to the signal terminal of the protection circuit, and the D pole of the MOS tube Q16 is connected to the D pole of the MOS tube Q17 connection, the S pole of the MOS transistor Q17 is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack, and the DOP control terminal and the COP control terminal of the protection chip are respectively connected to the G pole of the MOS transistor Q17 and the G pole of the MOS transistor Q17.
检测电路包括检测电阻，保护芯片通过检测电阻与每个蓄电池的正极连接。The detection circuit includes a detection resistor, and the protection chip is connected to the positive pole of each storage battery through the detection resistor.
进一步地，CPU连接有按键和显示屏。Further, the CPU is connected with buttons and a display screen.
进一步地，放电管理电路包括与蓄电池相配合的放电管理芯片，放电管理芯片型号为S-8209A；放电管理芯片的VDD端口通过电阻与对应蓄电池的正极连接，放电管理芯片的VSS端口与对应蓄电池的负极连接；还包括与蓄电池相配合的场效应晶体管，场效应晶体管的G极与放电管理芯片的CB端口连接，场效应晶体管的D极与对应蓄电池的负极连接；场效应晶体管的S极通过电阻与对应蓄电池的正极连接。Further, the discharge management circuit includes a discharge management chip matched with the storage battery, and the model of the discharge management chip is S-8209A; the VDD port of the discharge management chip is connected to the positive pole of the corresponding storage battery through a resistor, and the VSS port of the discharge management chip is connected to the corresponding storage battery. Negative connection; also includes a field effect transistor matched with the battery, the G pole of the field effect transistor is connected to the CB port of the discharge management chip, and the D pole of the field effect transistor is connected to the negative pole of the corresponding battery; the S pole of the field effect transistor is connected through a resistor Connect to the positive pole of the corresponding battery.
放电管理芯片通过VDD端口检测蓄电池的电压，当处于过放电状态时，CB端口输出高电平，场效应管将蓄电池短路，避免过放电。The discharge management chip detects the voltage of the battery through the VDD port. When it is in the over-discharge state, the CB port outputs a high level, and the FET short-circuits the battery to avoid over-discharge.
再进一步地，相邻两个放电管理芯片中，沿着放电电流方向，与前蓄电池对应的放电管理芯片为前放电管理芯片，与后蓄电池对应的放电管理芯片为后放电管理芯片，前蓄电池的负极与后蓄电池的正极连接；如图7中，CELL1为前蓄电池，CELL2为后蓄电池；后放电管理芯片的DO端口、CO端口分别通过电阻与前放电管理芯片的CTLD端口、CTLC端口连接。Furthermore, among the two adjacent discharge management chips, along the discharge current direction, the discharge management chip corresponding to the front storage battery is the front discharge management chip, the discharge management chip corresponding to the rear storage battery is the rear discharge management chip, and the discharge management chip corresponding to the rear storage battery is the rear discharge management chip. The negative pole is connected to the positive pole of the rear battery; as shown in Figure 7, CELL1 is the front battery, and CELL2 is the rear battery; the DO port and CO port of the rear discharge management chip are respectively connected to the CTLD port and CTLC port of the front discharge management chip through resistors.
前、后放电管理芯片信号连接，用于调节各个蓄电池的放电状态。The signal connection of the front and rear discharge management chips is used to adjust the discharge status of each battery.
本实用新型的有益技术效果为：通过一条电连接线与汽车点烟器插口连接即可给汽车电瓶充电，操作简便；通过过放电保护模块、过充电保护模块、均衡放电电路和均衡充电电路的设置可以使蓄电池和汽车电瓶免受过电流和过电压的危害，同时也避免了蓄电池的每个单体电池或超级电容单元过度充电和过度放电的现象，提高了整个充电过程的安全性。此外，本实用新型的输出端还设置有升压电路和降压电路，确保恒压恒流放电，提高了汽车电源系统工作的稳定性。The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are: the car battery can be charged by connecting an electric connection line with the socket of the car cigarette lighter, and the operation is simple; The setting can protect the battery and car battery from overcurrent and overvoltage hazards, and at the same time avoid the phenomenon of overcharging and overdischarging of each single battery or supercapacitor unit of the battery, improving the safety of the entire charging process. In addition, the output end of the utility model is also provided with a boost circuit and a step-down circuit to ensure constant voltage and constant current discharge and improve the working stability of the automobile power supply system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例稳定的汽车电源系统的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stable automotive power supply system according to an embodiment.
图2为实施例的充电电路。Fig. 2 is the charging circuit of the embodiment.
图3为实施例的均衡电路。Fig. 3 is the equalization circuit of the embodiment.
图4为实施例的保护电路。Fig. 4 is the protection circuit of the embodiment.
图5为实施例的升压电路。Fig. 5 is a boost circuit of the embodiment.
图6为实施例的降压电路。Fig. 6 is a step-down circuit of the embodiment.
图7为实施例的放电管理电路。FIG. 7 is a discharge management circuit of an embodiment.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1——电流检测电路1——Current detection circuit
2——调整电路2——adjustment circuit
3——滤波电路。3 - filter circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本实用新型，不能理解为对本实用新型具体保护范围的限定。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the utility model.
如图1所示，本实用新型实施例提供了一种稳定的汽车电源系统，包括CUP、充电管理电路、蓄电池、放电管理电路和变压电路。As shown in FIG. 1 , the embodiment of the utility model provides a stable automobile power supply system, including a CUP, a charge management circuit, a storage battery, a discharge management circuit and a transformer circuit.
微处理器管控着整个电路系统中的充电电流、放电电流、充电电压、放电电压。在具体实施时，蓄电池采用锂电池组。其具体工作原理为微处理器内保存有使锂电池组正常工作的充放电的阈值，并采集锂电池组充放电过程中的电压、电流值，一旦采集到的信号超过微处理器内保存的阈值，将立即发出指令，切断电流以保护整个电路系统。The microprocessor controls the charge current, discharge current, charge voltage, and discharge voltage in the entire circuit system. During specific implementation, the storage battery adopts a lithium battery pack. The specific working principle is that the microprocessor stores the charging and discharging thresholds for the normal operation of the lithium battery pack, and collects the voltage and current values during the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery pack. Once the collected signal exceeds the value stored in the microprocessor threshold, an instruction will be issued immediately to cut off the current to protect the entire circuit system.
其中，所述充电管理电路包括充电电路（参见图2）和充电均衡电路（参见图3），充电电路的输入端与充电接口电J1连接，且充电电路的控制端与CPU信号连接，充电电路的输出端与充电均衡电路电连接，所述充电均衡电路包括与蓄电池并联连接的均衡电路（见图3虚线部分），当蓄电池的电压未达到预定值时，均衡电路处于断路；当蓄电池的电压达到预定值时，均衡电路将蓄电池短路。Wherein, the charging management circuit includes a charging circuit (see Figure 2) and a charging equalization circuit (see Figure 3), the input terminal of the charging circuit is connected to the charging interface J1, and the control terminal of the charging circuit is connected to the CPU signal, and the charging circuit The output end of the battery is electrically connected to the charge equalization circuit, and the charge equalization circuit includes an equalization circuit connected in parallel with the battery (see the dotted line in Figure 3). When the voltage of the battery does not reach a predetermined value, the equalization circuit is in an open circuit; When a predetermined value is reached, the equalizing circuit short-circuits the battery.
这里的充电电路可以为一般的充电电路，通过检测电源的电流量，对电源进线恒流或恒压充电。均衡电路对个体的蓄电池进行监控，当某个体蓄电池先到的预定值（如4.2V），均衡电路由断路变成通路，并将蓄电池短路。从而避免该个体蓄电池对其他蓄电池充电的情况出现。The charging circuit here can be a general charging circuit, which charges the incoming line of the power supply with constant current or constant voltage by detecting the current of the power supply. The equalization circuit monitors the individual storage batteries. When a certain individual storage battery first reaches a predetermined value (such as 4.2V), the equalization circuit changes from an open circuit to an open circuit and short-circuits the storage battery. Thereby, it is avoided that the individual accumulator charges other accumulators.
进一步地，参见图3虚线部分，所述均衡电路包括：PNP三极管、TL431和分压电路；分压电路与蓄电池并联，分压电路设有第一连接端、中间连接端和第二连接端，分压电路的第一连接端与PNP三极管的发射极连接，PNP三极管的发射极通过偏压电阻与PNP三极管的基极连接，PNP三极管的基极与TL431的输出端连接，TL431的参考端与分压电路的中间连接端连接，TL431的输入端与分压电路的第二连接端连接，PNP三极管的集电极通过二极管与分压电路的第二连接端连接。Further, referring to the dotted line part in Fig. 3, the equalization circuit includes: a PNP transistor, TL431 and a voltage divider circuit; the voltage divider circuit is connected in parallel with the storage battery, and the voltage divider circuit is provided with a first connection end, an intermediate connection end and a second connection end, The first connection terminal of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor, the emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the base of the PNP transistor through a bias resistor, the base of the PNP transistor is connected to the output terminal of the TL431, and the reference terminal of the TL431 is connected to the output terminal of the PNP transistor. The middle connecting end of the voltage dividing circuit is connected, the input end of TL431 is connected with the second connecting end of the voltage dividing circuit, and the collector of the PNP transistor is connected with the second connecting end of the voltage dividing circuit through a diode.
分压电路为TL431提供一个参考电压，当蓄电池的电压到达预定值时，TL431的参考端电压到达2.5V，TL431形成通路，TL431与偏压电阻形成分压电路，PNP三极管的基极电压达到最低启动电压，PNP三极管的集电极与发射极形成通路，这里的PNP三极管相当于一个开关管，可以采用MOS管替代。The voltage divider circuit provides a reference voltage for TL431. When the battery voltage reaches a predetermined value, the reference terminal voltage of TL431 reaches 2.5V, TL431 forms a path, TL431 and bias resistor form a voltage divider circuit, and the base voltage of the PNP transistor reaches the lowest Starting voltage, the collector and emitter of the PNP transistor form a path, and the PNP transistor here is equivalent to a switch tube, which can be replaced by a MOS tube.
进一步地，参见图2，充电电路包括电流检测电路1和调整电路2，电流检测电路1包括三极管Q1，三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R4与充电电路的输入端连接，三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R3接地，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极向CPU传输电平信号；调整电路2包括三极管Q2、三极管Q3、三极管Q4和场效应管Q5；三极管Q2的基极通过电阻R5接收CPU的控制信号，三极管Q2的基极通过电阻R6接地，三极管Q2的发射极接地，三极管Q2的集电极通过电阻R7与三极管的Q3的基极连接，三极管Q3的基极通过电阻R8与调整电路2的输入端连接，三极管Q4的基极与三极管Q3的基极连接，三极管Q3的集电极接地，三极管Q3的发射极与三极管Q4的发射极连接，三极管Q4的集电极与调整电路2的输入端连接，三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R9与调整电路2的输入端连接，三极管Q4的发射极通过电阻R10与场效应管Q5的G极连接，场效应管Q5的S极与调整电路2的输入端连接，场效应管Q5的D极与调整电路2的输出端连接。Further, referring to FIG. 2, the charging circuit includes a current detection circuit 1 and an adjustment circuit 2. The current detection circuit 1 includes a transistor Q1, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the input terminal of the charging circuit through a resistor R4, and the base of the transistor Q1 is connected through a resistor R4. R3 is grounded, the emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of transistor Q1 transmits a level signal to the CPU; the adjustment circuit 2 includes transistor Q2, transistor Q3, transistor Q4 and field effect transistor Q5; the base of transistor Q2 receives the CPU through resistor R5 The base of the transistor Q2 is grounded through the resistor R6, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3 through the resistor R7, and the base of the transistor Q3 is connected to the adjustment circuit 2 through the resistor R8. The base of the transistor Q4 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3, the collector of the transistor Q3 is grounded, the emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q4, and the collector of the transistor Q4 is connected to the input terminal of the adjustment circuit 2 connection, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the input end of the adjustment circuit 2 through the resistor R9, the emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to the G pole of the field effect transistor Q5 through the resistor R10, and the S pole of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected to the input of the adjustment circuit 2 terminal, and the D pole of the field effect transistor Q5 is connected to the output terminal of the adjustment circuit 2 .
电阻R5、R6形成分压电路，控制CPU对三极管Q2的基极输出电压；三极管Q2的集电极输出电压为三极管Q4、Q3的基极电压，其中，三极管Q3为PNP型，三极管Q2、三极管Q4为NPN型；三极管Q3、三极管Q4共同控制场效应管Q5的G极电压，进而达到控制输出的电压或电流。Resistors R5 and R6 form a voltage divider circuit to control the base output voltage of the CPU to the transistor Q2; the collector output voltage of the transistor Q2 is the base voltage of the transistors Q4 and Q3, wherein the transistor Q3 is PNP type, and the transistor Q2 and transistor Q4 It is NPN type; the triode Q3 and the triode Q4 jointly control the G electrode voltage of the field effect transistor Q5, and then control the output voltage or current.
进一步地，充电电路还包括滤波电路3，调整电路2与滤波电路3连接，滤波电路3对外输出。Further, the charging circuit also includes a filter circuit 3, the adjustment circuit 2 is connected to the filter circuit 3, and the filter circuit 3 outputs to the outside.
此外，微处理器还连接有按键和显示屏，按键通过微处理器负责整个电源电路的开关和输出电压切换的功能。其具体工作原理为，第一次按下按键，电源电路接通，接5VUSB输出端口；长按一次，切换为接15VDC输出端口；再按一次，电源电路关闭。In addition, the microprocessor is also connected with a button and a display screen, and the button is responsible for switching the entire power supply circuit and switching the output voltage through the microprocessor. Its specific working principle is that when the button is pressed for the first time, the power circuit is connected, and then it is connected to the 5VUSB output port; when the button is pressed for a long time, it is switched to connect to the 15VDC output port; when it is pressed again, the power circuit is turned off.
充电接口可以连接汽车电源，可以为汽车应急启动电源充电，但充电时均需降压至12.6V以上。The charging interface can be connected to the car power supply, which can be used to charge the car's emergency starter power supply, but the voltage needs to be lowered to above 12.6V when charging.
充电管理模块内设置有均衡充电电路，从而具有对蓄电池的每个单体蓄电池均衡充电功能。放电管理模块内设置有均衡放电电路，从而具有对蓄电池的每个单体蓄电池均衡放电功能。均衡充电电路和均衡放电电路的设置保证了蓄电池中的每个单体蓄电池都能安全充满和安全放电，避免了某个单体过度充电和过度放电的现象，从而提高了整个电源的安全性和使用寿命。The charging management module is provided with a balanced charging circuit, so that it has the function of balanced charging for each single battery of the storage battery. The discharge management module is provided with a balanced discharge circuit, so that it has the function of balanced discharge for each single battery of the storage battery. The setting of the balanced charging circuit and the balanced discharging circuit ensures that each single battery in the battery can be safely charged and discharged safely, avoiding the phenomenon of overcharging and overdischarging of a single battery, thereby improving the safety and security of the entire power supply. service life.
进一步地，还包括保护电路。保护电路用于保护电池的过流、过压、过放电保护。Further, a protection circuit is also included. The protection circuit is used to protect the overcurrent, overvoltage and overdischarge protection of the battery.
参见图4，保护电路可以保护蓄电池在充电时免受过高电压、过大电流的危害，其工作原理是遇到过高电压、过大电流时，短路时，立即发送信号到微处理器，并受微处理器的指令而关停充电过程；保护电路也可以保护蓄电池在放电时免受低压、过大电流的，短路的危害，其工作原理是遇到过低电压、过大电流时，短路立即发送信号到微处理器，并受微处理器的指令而关停放电过程。保护电路的设置避免了因过电流和过高电压和过低电压，短路，导致的起火爆炸等可怕后果。See Figure 4. The protection circuit can protect the battery from over-high voltage and over-current during charging. Its working principle is to send a signal to the microprocessor immediately when encountering over-high voltage, over-current or short circuit. And the charging process is shut down by the instruction of the microprocessor; the protection circuit can also protect the battery from the harm of low voltage, excessive current and short circuit during discharge. The short circuit immediately sends a signal to the microprocessor, and the discharge process is shut down by the instruction of the microprocessor. The setting of the protection circuit avoids terrible consequences such as fire and explosion caused by over-current, over-high voltage and over-low voltage, short circuit, etc.
保护电路包括保护芯片，保护芯片型号为S8254，保护电路包括检测电路，检测电路的输入端与每个蓄电池的正极连接，检测电路的输出端与保护芯片的感应端（V1、V2、V3端）信号连接，所述多个蓄电池串联连接形成蓄电池组；保护电路还包括与蓄电池串联连接的MOS管Q17和MOS管Q16；MOS管Q16的S极与保护电路的信号端连接，MOS管Q16的D极与MOS管Q17的D极连接，MOS管Q17的S极与蓄电池组的正极连接，保护芯片的DOP控制端、COP控制端分别与MOS管Q17的G极、MOS管Q16的G极连接。The protection circuit includes a protection chip, the type of the protection chip is S8254, the protection circuit includes a detection circuit, the input terminal of the detection circuit is connected to the positive pole of each battery, the output terminal of the detection circuit is connected to the sensing terminal (V1, V2, V3 terminal) of the protection chip Signal connection, the plurality of batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack; the protection circuit also includes a MOS tube Q17 and a MOS tube Q16 connected in series with the battery; the S pole of the MOS tube Q16 is connected to the signal terminal of the protection circuit, and the D pole of the MOS tube Q16 The pole is connected to the D pole of the MOS transistor Q17, the S pole of the MOS transistor Q17 is connected to the positive pole of the battery pack, and the DOP control terminal and the COP control terminal of the protection chip are respectively connected to the G pole of the MOS transistor Q17 and the G pole of the MOS transistor Q16.
检测电路包括检测电阻，保护芯片通过检测电阻与每个蓄电池的正极连接。The detection circuit includes a detection resistor, and the protection chip is connected to the positive pole of each storage battery through the detection resistor.
过电流保护(参见图4)：当放电流比一定值大的时，这种状态并维持一定时间以上，则进入过电流状态。保护芯片的DOP的控制端电压变为VDD电平，MOS管Q17变为OFF。而停止放电，保护芯片的COP控制端变为高阻抗，由于P+端子（即保护电路的信号端）的电位被上拉，导致充电MOS管Q16变为OFF。保护芯片的VMP端子通过内部电阻被上拉至VDD。Over-current protection (see Figure 4): When the discharge current is greater than a certain value, and this state lasts for a certain period of time, it enters an over-current state. The voltage of the control terminal of the DOP of the protection chip becomes VDD level, and the MOS transistor Q17 becomes OFF. When the discharge is stopped, the COP control terminal of the protection chip becomes high impedance, and because the potential of the P+ terminal (that is, the signal terminal of the protection circuit) is pulled up, the charging MOS transistor Q16 turns OFF. The VMP pin of the protection chip is pulled up to VDD through an internal resistor.
过压保护(图4)：当某个电池的电压比一定值高时，这种状态维持一定时间以上时，保护芯片的COP控制端变为高阻抗。保护芯片的COP控制端通过外接电阻上拉为P+的缘故，充电MOS管Q16变为OFF，而停止充电。Overvoltage protection (Figure 4): When the voltage of a battery is higher than a certain value, and this state lasts for a certain period of time, the COP control terminal of the protection chip becomes high impedance. Because the COP control terminal of the protection chip is pulled up to P+ by an external resistor, the charging MOS transistor Q16 turns OFF, and the charging stops.
过放电保护(图4)：当某个电池的电压比一定值低时，这种状态并维持一定时间以上时，保护芯片的DOP控制端的电压变为VDD，放电MOS管Q17变为OFF，而停止放电。Over-discharge protection (Figure 4): When the voltage of a battery is lower than a certain value, and this state lasts for a certain period of time, the voltage of the DOP control terminal of the protection chip becomes VDD, the discharge MOS tube Q17 turns OFF, and Stop discharging.
当需要给应急启动电源充电时，可以使用汽车电源输入端口，充电输入端口的接入电压均不低于12.6V，充电模式为恒流-恒压模式，即先按照1A～4A的电流恒流充电，在电压达到12.6V时，转为恒压充电，直到电流降低至0.2A时停止充电。When it is necessary to charge the emergency starter power supply, the car power input port can be used. The input voltage of the charging input port is not lower than 12.6V, and the charging mode is constant current-constant voltage mode, that is, the current constant current of 1A ~ 4A is used first. Charging, when the voltage reaches 12.6V, turn to constant voltage charging, and stop charging when the current drops to 0.2A.
进一步地如图7所示，放电管理电路包括与蓄电池相配合的放电管理芯片，放电管理芯片型号为S-8209A；放电管理芯片的VDD端口通过电阻与对应蓄电池的正极连接，放电管理芯片的VSS端口与对应蓄电池的负极连接；还包括与蓄电池相配合的场效应晶体管，场效应晶体管的G极与放电管理芯片的CB端口连接，场效应晶体管的D极与对应蓄电池的负极连接；场效应晶体管的S极通过电阻与对应蓄电池的正极连接。As further shown in Figure 7, the discharge management circuit includes a discharge management chip that matches with the storage battery. The port is connected to the negative pole of the corresponding battery; it also includes a field effect transistor matched with the battery, the G pole of the field effect transistor is connected to the CB port of the discharge management chip, and the D pole of the field effect transistor is connected to the negative pole of the corresponding battery; the field effect transistor The S pole of the battery is connected to the positive pole of the corresponding storage battery through a resistor.
放电管理芯片通过VDD端口检测蓄电池的电压，当处于过放电状态时，CB端口输出高电平，场效应管将蓄电池短路，避免过放电。The discharge management chip detects the voltage of the battery through the VDD port. When it is in the over-discharge state, the CB port outputs a high level, and the FET short-circuits the battery to avoid over-discharge.
再进一步地，相邻两个放电管理芯片中，沿着放电电流方向，与前蓄电池对应的放电管理芯片为前放电管理芯片，与后蓄电池对应的放电管理芯片为后放电管理芯片，如图7中，CELL1为前蓄电池，CELL2为后蓄电池；后放电管理芯片的DO端口、CO端口分别通过电阻与前放电管理芯片的CTLD端口、CTLC端口连接。Furthermore, among the two adjacent discharge management chips, along the discharge current direction, the discharge management chip corresponding to the front battery is the front discharge management chip, and the discharge management chip corresponding to the rear battery is the rear discharge management chip, as shown in Figure 7 Among them, CELL1 is the front battery, and CELL2 is the rear battery; the DO port and CO port of the rear discharge management chip are respectively connected to the CTLD port and CTLC port of the front discharge management chip through resistors.
前、后放电管理芯片信号连接，用于调节各个蓄电池的放电状态。The signal connection of the front and rear discharge management chips is used to adjust the discharge status of each battery.
在放电时，进行均衡管理，如图7所示。During discharge, balance management is performed, as shown in FIG. 7 .
均衡原理（图7）：当电池处于过放电状态，CELL3小于一定电压值，并维持一段时间以上，说明CELL3变为过放电状态，接着，通过DO3端子-CTLD2端子，CELL2也会变为过放电状态，这时如果CELL2电压高于一定值，CELL2会使电量平衡控制变为‘ON’；接着，通过DO端子-CTLD1端子，CELL1也会变为过放电状态。同样，如果,CELL1高于一定值，会使电量平衡控制变为“ON”。Equalization principle (Figure 7): When the battery is in an over-discharge state, CELL3 is less than a certain voltage value and maintains for a period of time, indicating that CELL3 has become an over-discharge state, and then, through the DO3 terminal-CTLD2 terminal, CELL2 will also become over-discharge At this time, if the voltage of CELL2 is higher than a certain value, CELL2 will turn the power balance control into 'ON'; then, through the DO terminal-CTLD1 terminal, CELL1 will also become over-discharged. Similarly, if CELL1 is higher than a certain value, the power balance control will be turned "ON".
变压电路包括升压电路（参见图5）和降压电路（参见图6）。The transformer circuit includes a boost circuit (see Figure 5) and a step-down circuit (see Figure 6).
当需要对外充电时，可以通过变压电路对蓄电池的输出电压进行变压，然后进行输出。如使用应急启动电源给汽车电瓶充电时，应急启动电源的15VDC输出端口通过一条电连接线与汽车点烟器插口连接，通过给汽车电瓶恒流充电补充电量，以达到启动汽车的目的，充电电流在3A～10A之间，优选为5A。在该输出支路上设置有升压电路以确保恒流放电，从而保证汽车能够及时的应急启动。这种充电方式操作非常简单，不用使用专业的电夹子，更无需专业的汽车知识。When external charging is required, the output voltage of the storage battery can be transformed through a transformer circuit, and then output. For example, when using the emergency starting power supply to charge the car battery, the 15VDC output port of the emergency starting power supply is connected to the car cigarette lighter socket through an electrical connection line, and the car battery is charged with a constant current to supplement the power to achieve the purpose of starting the car. Between 3A and 10A, preferably 5A. A step-up circuit is arranged on the output branch to ensure constant current discharge, so as to ensure that the car can be started in an emergency in time. This charging method is very simple to operate, without the use of professional electric clips, let alone professional car knowledge.
DC15V输出的工作原理：当接入电池负载，打开设备，U2开始工作，把电池电压升压到15V，然后再经过MOS和电感，通过CPU的PWM信号控制降压，恒流给电池充电。The working principle of DC15V output: when the battery load is connected, the device is turned on, U2 starts to work, boosts the battery voltage to 15V, and then passes through MOS and inductor, controls the step-down through the PWM signal of the CPU, and charges the battery with a constant current.
DC5V输出的工作原理：当USB接入负载瞬间，LDT被拉低，CPU读出此信号，便打开U1和8205MOS，开始工作，电池电压经过U1降压输出恒压5V；当负载过大时，流过R48的电流也相应变大，CPU通过R47实时读出流过R48的电流值，当流过电流达到一定值，并维持一定时间以上，CPU便关闭U1和8205MOS，停止输出。The working principle of DC5V output: when the USB is connected to the load, LDT is pulled low, and the CPU reads this signal, then turns on U1 and 8205MOS, and starts to work. The battery voltage is stepped down by U1 to output a constant voltage of 5V; when the load is too large, The current flowing through R48 also increases correspondingly. The CPU reads the current value flowing through R48 in real time through R47. When the flowing current reaches a certain value and lasts for a certain period of time, the CPU turns off U1 and 8205MOS and stops output.
当需要使用应急启动电源给手机、iPad等数码电器充电时，将上述数码产品直接连接至5VUSB输出端口，在该输出支路上设置有降压电路以确保恒压放电。When it is necessary to use the emergency start-up power supply to charge digital appliances such as mobile phones and iPads, the above-mentioned digital products are directly connected to the 5VUSB output port, and a step-down circuit is set on the output branch to ensure constant voltage discharge.
以上仅是本申请的较佳实施例，在此基础上的等同技术方案仍落入申请保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and equivalent technical solutions on this basis still fall within the protection scope of the application.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520581555.XUCN204978506U (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Stable car power supply system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520581555.XUCN204978506U (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Stable car power supply system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204978506Utrue CN204978506U (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520581555.XUExpired - LifetimeCN204978506U (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Stable car power supply system |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204978506U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105150963A (en)* | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-16 | 东莞市钜大电子有限公司 | Stable automobile power supply system |
| WO2017066916A1 (en)* | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Unity Technology Development Corporation Limited | Start-up power sources, in particular for vehicle battery charging |
| CN106685022A (en)* | 2017-03-27 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市华凯联有限公司 | Device for realizing fast charging and fast discharging of power supply for emergency starting of automobile |
| CN106992594A (en)* | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-28 | 焦作市神盾科技有限公司 | The triple protection system and device of weight equipment emergency starting power supply |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105150963A (en)* | 2015-08-05 | 2015-12-16 | 东莞市钜大电子有限公司 | Stable automobile power supply system |
| CN105150963B (en)* | 2015-08-05 | 2017-12-08 | 东莞市钜大电子有限公司 | Stable automobile power supply system |
| WO2017066916A1 (en)* | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | Unity Technology Development Corporation Limited | Start-up power sources, in particular for vehicle battery charging |
| CN106992594A (en)* | 2017-02-17 | 2017-07-28 | 焦作市神盾科技有限公司 | The triple protection system and device of weight equipment emergency starting power supply |
| CN106992594B (en)* | 2017-02-17 | 2019-09-27 | 焦作市神盾科技有限公司 | The triple protection system and device of weight equipment emergency starting power supply |
| CN106685022A (en)* | 2017-03-27 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市华凯联有限公司 | Device for realizing fast charging and fast discharging of power supply for emergency starting of automobile |
| US10840710B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2020-11-17 | USA Human International Group LLC | Device capable of achieving fast charge and fast discharge of a vehicle emergency starting power source |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | Granted publication date:20160120 | |
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |