技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及生物质气技术化领域，具体为一种生物质双流化床气化制天然气装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass gas, in particular to a biomass double fluidized bed gasification device for producing natural gas.
背景技术Background technique
我国具有储量巨大的农林生物质资源，利用生物质气化合成燃料替代日益枯竭的化石燃料具有广泛的市场前景。生物质气化是一项高效清洁的转化技术，借助于气化剂的作用使生物质的转化得到主要可燃成分为CO、H2、CO2和CH4的燃气或者合成气，气化技术与后续工艺联用可用于发电、供热或合成化学品。生物质气化可将体积庞大、能量密度低、不易燃烧或燃烧效率低的生物质原料转化为能量密度较高、适于储存、运输和使用的天然气或其它气体或液体燃料，提高能源利用品质和利用效率，同时拓宽了生物质能的利用范围。my country has huge reserves of agricultural and forestry biomass resources, and the use of biomass gasification synthetic fuels to replace increasingly depleted fossil fuels has broad market prospects. Biomass gasification is an efficient and clean conversion technology. With the help of gasification agent, biomass conversion can be used to obtain gas or syngas whose main combustible components are CO, H2 , CO2 and CH4 . Gasification technology and Subsequent process linkages can be used to generate electricity, heat or synthesize chemicals. Biomass gasification can convert biomass raw materials with large volume, low energy density, non-combustibility or low combustion efficiency into natural gas or other gaseous or liquid fuels with high energy density, which are suitable for storage, transportation and use, and improve the quality of energy utilization and utilization efficiency, while broadening the utilization range of biomass energy.
生物质气化多联产技术是基于生物质可燃组分由挥发分和固定碳两部分组成的特点，采用解耦反应方式，固定碳转化成为高品质生物炭，挥发分转化成为燃气或合成气，进而生成热能、电能或包括天然气在内的化工品。竹木质类原料获得竹木炭并深加工成为活性炭；稻壳类原料获得稻壳炭后用于钢厂保温材料或进行深加工获得活性炭和纳米级硅晶体；秸秆类原料获得秸秆炭进而制成高附加值炭基复合肥，通过不同处理方式后，生物炭均可实现高价值应用。Biomass gasification polygeneration technology is based on the characteristics that the combustible components of biomass are composed of volatile matter and fixed carbon. Using a decoupling reaction method, the fixed carbon is converted into high-quality biochar, and the volatile matter is converted into gas or syngas. , which in turn generate heat, electricity or chemicals including natural gas. Bamboo and wood raw materials are obtained from bamboo charcoal and further processed into activated carbon; rice husk raw materials obtained from rice husk charcoal are used as insulation materials in steel mills or are further processed to obtain activated carbon and nano-scale silicon crystals; straw raw materials are obtained from straw charcoal and then made into high value-added For carbon-based compound fertilizers, biochar can achieve high-value applications after different treatments.
我国天然气资源日益紧张的现状和环境压力迫切需求利用生物质在内可再生能源开发出可持续供应的绿色天然气，同时经济效益良好，基于生物质双流化床的生物质气化合成天然气技术适应这一需求而获得发展。生物质双流化床气化炉由燃烧床和气化床两部分组成，通过高温固体热载体将两个床耦合在一起。由于气化床内不加入空气，避免了大量氮气对燃气的稀释，从而获得高品质合成气，同时联产生物炭。由于热解反应为主要反应，合成气中甲烷含量高达10％以上，有利于后续合成工段。由于双流化床气化技术中采用燃烧炉通过热载体向热解气化炉传热的方式，燃烧炉的温度需要高于热解气化炉，而目前的双流化床燃烧炉燃烧采用生物炭(半焦)作为燃烧炉燃料，而生物炭着火温度在700℃左右，这就要求燃烧炉的温度不能低于700℃，而很多高碱性生物质原料(麦秆、稻草等)的灰熔点也在700℃左右，因此采用采用高碱性生物质原料时，传统的双流化床方式无法运行，原料只能限定在木质、稻壳等高灰熔点生物质，因此急需开发原料适应性广的双流化床技术，使之可广泛应用于粮食谷壳、木材加工下角料、造纸废料以及各种农作物秸秆的废物利用和处理，作为节约能源、保护环境、降低生产成本、提高效益的有效手段。The current situation of natural gas resources in my country is increasingly tight and the environmental pressure urgently requires the use of renewable energy including biomass to develop sustainable supply of green natural gas with good economic benefits. Biomass gasification and synthetic natural gas technology based on biomass double fluidized developed from this need. The biomass double fluidized bed gasifier is composed of a combustion bed and a gasification bed, and the two beds are coupled together by a high-temperature solid heat carrier. Since no air is added into the gasification bed, the dilution of a large amount of nitrogen to the gas is avoided, thereby obtaining high-quality syngas and co-producing biochar. Since the pyrolysis reaction is the main reaction, the methane content in the synthesis gas is as high as 10%, which is beneficial to the subsequent synthesis section. Since the dual fluidized bed gasification technology adopts the method of heat transfer from the combustion furnace to the pyrolysis gasification furnace through the heat carrier, the temperature of the combustion furnace needs to be higher than that of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, while the current dual fluidized bed combustion furnace uses Biochar (semi-coke) is used as the fuel of the combustion furnace, and the ignition temperature of biochar is about 700°C, which requires that the temperature of the combustion furnace should not be lower than 700°C, and many high-alkaline biomass raw materials (wheat straw, straw, etc.) The ash melting point is also around 700°C. Therefore, when using high-alkaline biomass raw materials, the traditional double fluidized bed method cannot operate, and the raw materials can only be limited to high ash melting point biomass such as wood and rice husks. Therefore, it is urgent to develop raw materials to adapt Wide range of dual fluidized bed technology, so that it can be widely used in grain husks, wood processing scraps, papermaking waste and various crop straw waste utilization and treatment, as a way to save energy, protect the environment, reduce production costs and improve efficiency effective means.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型所解决的技术问题在于提供一种生物质双流化床气化制天然气装置，以解决上述背景技术中的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a biomass dual fluidized bed gasification device for producing natural gas, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology.
本实用新型所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：一种生物质双流化床气化制天然气装置，包括：燃烧载体加热单元、热解气化单元、生物炭/载体分离及输送单元、甲烷合成及焦油回送单元，所示热解气化单元连接燃烧载体加热单元、生物炭/载体分离及输送单元、甲烷合成及焦油回送单元，所述燃烧载体加热单元包括流化床燃烧炉、烟气旋风、返料器一、蒸汽发生器、空气预热器和鼓风机，所述热解气化单元包括流化床热解气化炉、燃气旋风、生物质加料装置和返料器二，所述生物炭/载体分离及输送单元包括生物炭冷却分离炉、生物炭旋风和载体排出管和载体输送装置，所述甲烷合成及焦油回送单元包括燃气净化提纯装置和甲烷合成装置和焦油输送泵。The technical problems solved by the utility model are realized by the following technical solutions: a biomass double fluidized bed gasification device for producing natural gas, including: combustion carrier heating unit, pyrolysis gasification unit, biochar/carrier separation and delivery unit , methane synthesis and tar return unit, the shown pyrolysis gasification unit is connected with combustion carrier heating unit, biochar/carrier separation and delivery unit, methane synthesis and tar return unit, and the combustion carrier heating unit includes fluidized bed combustion furnace, Flue gas cyclone, feeder 1, steam generator, air preheater and blower, the pyrolysis gasification unit includes fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier, gas cyclone, biomass feeding device and feeder 2, The biochar/carrier separation and delivery unit includes a biochar cooling and separation furnace, a biochar cyclone, a carrier discharge pipe, and a carrier delivery device, and the methane synthesis and tar return unit includes a gas purification device, a methane synthesis device, and a tar delivery pump .
所述流化床燃烧炉上端一侧连接烟气旋风，烟气旋风下端连接返料器一、上端连接于蒸汽发生器，蒸汽发生器下侧设有空气预热器，空气预热器连接于流化床燃烧炉的底部，返料器一连接于流化床热解气化炉，流化床热解气化炉一侧安装有生物质加料装置，流化床热解气化炉上端一侧设有燃气旋风，燃气旋风上端连接于燃气净化提纯装置、下端连接于返料器二，返料器二连接于生物炭冷却分离炉，生物炭冷却分离炉上端一侧设有生物炭旋风，生物炭冷却分离炉下端设有载体排出管，载体排出管一侧通过载体输送装置连接于流化床燃烧炉，所述燃气净化提纯装置通过管道连接于流化床燃烧炉、载体输送装置，燃气净化提纯装置上连接有甲烷合成装置。One side of the upper end of the fluidized bed combustion furnace is connected to the flue gas cyclone, the lower end of the flue gas cyclone is connected to the feeder one, and the upper end is connected to the steam generator, and an air preheater is arranged on the lower side of the steam generator, and the air preheater is connected to The bottom of the fluidized bed combustion furnace, the feeder one is connected to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier, the side of the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier is equipped with a biomass feeding device, and the upper end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier one There is a gas cyclone on the side. The upper end of the gas cyclone is connected to the gas purification and purification device, and the lower end is connected to the second feeder. The second feeder is connected to the biochar cooling and separation furnace. The lower end of the biochar cooling and separation furnace is provided with a carrier discharge pipe. One side of the carrier discharge pipe is connected to the fluidized bed combustion furnace through a carrier conveying device. The purification unit is connected with a methane synthesis unit.
所述空气预热器一侧设有鼓风机。A blower is provided on one side of the air preheater.
与已公开技术相比，本实用新型存在以下优点：本实用新型得到生物炭同时实现其余成分尽可能转化成为甲烷气体，在热解产物中甲烷含量在10％左右，减少了后续合成的压力，将热解气中的焦油收集后作为双流化床的燃料使用，可以避免其它双流化床采用生物炭燃烧时出现低温无法稳定燃烧而高温状态下碱金属导致结渣问题，使得燃烧炉温度控制非常灵活，本实用新型充分利用了生物质的不同热解产物，可实现了多种生物质处理，原料适应范围广。Compared with the disclosed technology, the utility model has the following advantages: the utility model obtains biochar while realizing the conversion of the remaining components into methane gas as much as possible, and the content of methane in the pyrolysis product is about 10%, which reduces the pressure of subsequent synthesis, The tar in the pyrolysis gas is collected and used as the fuel of the double fluidized bed, which can avoid the problem of unsteady combustion at low temperature when other double fluidized beds are burned with biochar, and the problem of slagging caused by alkali metals at high temperature, which makes the temperature of the combustion furnace The control is very flexible, and the utility model makes full use of different pyrolysis products of biomass, and can realize a variety of biomass processing, and the raw material can be used in a wide range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
图中：1、流化床燃烧炉，2、烟气旋风，3、返料器一,4、燃气旋风，5、流化床热解气化炉，6、生物质加料装置，7、燃气净化提纯装置，8、甲烷合成装置，9、生物炭旋风，10、生物炭冷却分离炉，11、焦油输送泵，12、载体排出管，13、载体输送装置，14、返料器二，15、鼓风机，16、空气预热器，17、蒸汽发生器。In the figure: 1. Fluidized bed combustion furnace, 2. Flue gas cyclone, 3. Returner 1, 4. Gas cyclone, 5. Fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier, 6. Biomass feeding device, 7. Gas Purification and purification device, 8. Methane synthesis device, 9. Biochar cyclone, 10. Biochar cooling and separation furnace, 11. Tar delivery pump, 12. Carrier discharge pipe, 13. Carrier delivery device, 14. Returner 2, 15 , blower, 16, air preheater, 17, steam generator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本实用新型的技术手段、创作特征、工作流程、使用方法达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面将结合本实用新型实施例，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。In order to make the technical means, creative features, work flow, and use methods of the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.
如图1所示，一种生物质双流化床气化制天然气装置，包括：燃烧载体加热单元、热解气化单元、生物炭/载体分离及输送单元、甲烷合成及焦油回送单元，所示热解气化单元连接燃烧载体加热单元、生物炭/载体分离及输送单元、甲烷合成及焦油回送单元，所述燃烧载体加热单元包括流化床燃烧炉1、烟气旋风2、返料器一3、蒸汽发生器17、空气预热器16和鼓风机15，所述热解气化单元包括流化床热解气化炉5、燃气旋风4、生物质加料装置6和返料器二14，所述生物炭/载体分离及输送单元包括生物炭冷却分离炉10、生物炭旋风9和载体排出管12和载体输送装置13，所述甲烷合成及焦油回送单元包括燃气净化提纯装置7和甲烷合成装置8和焦油输送泵11。As shown in Figure 1, a biomass dual-fluidized bed gasification device for producing natural gas includes: combustion carrier heating unit, pyrolysis gasification unit, biochar/carrier separation and transportation unit, methane synthesis and tar return unit. The pyrolysis gasification unit is connected to the combustion carrier heating unit, biochar/carrier separation and transportation unit, methane synthesis and tar return unit. The combustion carrier heating unit includes a fluidized bed combustion furnace 1, a flue gas cyclone 2, and a feeder 13. Steam generator 17, air preheater 16 and blower 15, the pyrolysis gasification unit includes fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5, gas cyclone 4, biomass feeding device 6 and feeder 2 14 , the biochar/carrier separation and delivery unit includes a biochar cooling and separation furnace 10, a biochar cyclone 9, a carrier discharge pipe 12 and a carrier delivery device 13, and the methane synthesis and tar return unit includes a gas purification and purification device 7 and a methane Synthesis device 8 and tar delivery pump 11.
所述流化床燃烧炉1上端一侧连接烟气旋风2，烟气旋风2下端连接返料器一3、上端连接于蒸汽发生器17，蒸汽发生器17下侧设有空气预热器16，空气预热器16连接于流化床燃烧炉1的底部，返料器一3连接于流化床热解气化炉5，流化床热解气化炉5一侧安装有生物质加料装置6，流化床热解气化炉5上端一侧设有燃气旋风4，燃气旋风4上端连接于燃气净化提纯装置7、下端连接于返料器二14，返料器二14连接于生物炭冷却分离炉10，生物炭冷却分离炉10上端一侧设有生物炭旋风9，生物炭冷却分离炉10下端设有载体排出管12，载体排出管12一侧通过载体输送装置13连接于流化床燃烧炉1。One side of the upper end of the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 is connected to the flue gas cyclone 2, the lower end of the flue gas cyclone 2 is connected to the feeder-3, and the upper end is connected to the steam generator 17, and the lower side of the steam generator 17 is provided with an air preheater 16 , the air preheater 16 is connected to the bottom of the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1, and the feeder-3 is connected to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier 5, and one side of the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier 5 is equipped with biomass feeding Device 6, a gas cyclone 4 is provided on one side of the upper end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier 5, the upper end of the gas cyclone 4 is connected to the gas purification and purification device 7, and the lower end is connected to the feeder 2 14, and the feeder 2 14 is connected to the biological Charcoal cooling and separating furnace 10, biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 upper end side is provided with biochar cyclone 9, and biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 lower end is provided with carrier discharge pipe 12, and carrier discharge pipe 12 side is connected to flow through carrier conveying device 13 Bed combustion furnace 1.
所述燃气净化提纯装置7通过管道连接于流化床燃烧炉1、载体输送装置13，燃气净化提纯装置7上连接有甲烷合成装置8。The gas purification and purification device 7 is connected to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 and the carrier conveying device 13 through pipelines, and the gas purification and purification device 7 is connected to a methane synthesis device 8 .
所述空气预热器16一侧设有鼓风机15。A blower 15 is provided on one side of the air preheater 16 .
一种生物质双流化床气化制天然气工艺，包括以下步骤：A biomass dual fluidized bed gasification process for producing natural gas, comprising the following steps:
步骤(1)通过生物质加料装置6向流化床热解气化炉5内加入生物质原料，生物质原料在由流化床燃烧炉1输送过来的高温热载体加热情况下发生热解气化反应，生成含一定焦油含量的高温热解气和生物炭，生物炭和热载体被热解气携带进入燃气旋风4实现气固分离，热解气进入燃气净化提纯装置7，生物炭和热载体通过返料器二14进入生物炭冷却分离炉10；Step (1) Add biomass raw materials into the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 through the biomass feeding device 6, and the biomass raw materials generate pyrolysis gas when heated by the high-temperature heat carrier delivered by the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 chemical reaction to generate high-temperature pyrolysis gas and biochar with a certain tar content. The biochar and heat carrier are carried by the pyrolysis gas into the gas cyclone 4 to realize gas-solid separation. The pyrolysis gas enters the gas purification device 7, and the biochar and thermal The carrier enters the biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 through the feeder two 14;
步骤(2)含焦油的高温热解气在燃气净化提纯装置7中脱除焦油、水分、灰尘和二氧化碳，热解气净化后得到合成气，合成气主要成分为一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷和少量高分子烃类，合成气进入甲烷合成装置8合成为天然气；Step (2) The high-temperature pyrolysis gas containing tar is removed in the gas purification and purification device 7 to remove tar, moisture, dust and carbon dioxide. After the pyrolysis gas is purified, synthesis gas is obtained. The main components of the synthesis gas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and a small amount of high Molecular hydrocarbons, the synthesis gas enters the methane synthesis unit 8 to be synthesized into natural gas;
步骤(3)燃气净化提纯装置7获得的焦油经过焦油输送泵11送入流化床燃烧炉1内高效燃烧，产生的热量主要用于加热热载体，产生的高温烟气携带高温热载体进入烟气旋风2，气固分离后烟气经过蒸汽发生器17和空气预热器16后排出，高温热载体经返料器一3进入流化床热解气化炉5；Step (3) The tar obtained by the gas purification and purification device 7 is sent to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 through the tar delivery pump 11 for efficient combustion. Cyclone wind 2, after the gas-solid separation, the flue gas is discharged through the steam generator 17 and the air preheater 16, and the high-temperature heat carrier enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasifier 5 through the feeder 1;
步骤(4)蒸汽蒸发器17产生的蒸汽送入到流化床热解气化炉5作为流化介质并参与气化反应，空气经过空气预热器16后进入流化床燃烧炉1作为焦油燃烧用空气并实现热载体的高速流化；Step (4) The steam produced by the steam evaporator 17 is sent to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 as a fluidized medium and participates in the gasification reaction, and the air enters the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 as tar after passing through the air preheater 16 Combustion air and realize high-speed fluidization of heat carrier;
步骤(5)燃气净化提纯装置7获得的二氧化碳送入生物炭冷却分离炉10内实现生物炭的冷却，利用密度差实现热载体和生物炭的分离，冷却后的生物炭被二氧化碳气体携带进入生物炭旋风9，气固分离后得到生物炭。Step (5) The carbon dioxide obtained by the gas purification and purification device 7 is sent into the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 to realize the cooling of the biochar, and the separation of the heat carrier and the biochar is realized by using the density difference, and the cooled biochar is carried by the carbon dioxide gas into the biochar. Charcoal cyclone 9, biochar is obtained after gas-solid separation.
步骤(6)热载体经载体排出管12流入载体输送装置13，在二氧化碳气体的气力输送作用下进入流化床燃烧炉1。Step (6) The heat carrier flows into the carrier conveying device 13 through the carrier discharge pipe 12, and enters the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 under the action of pneumatic conveying of carbon dioxide gas.
所述生物质原料的含水量不高于50％，生物质尺寸不大于10cm。The water content of the biomass raw material is not higher than 50%, and the size of the biomass is not larger than 10cm.
所述流化床燃烧炉炉内温度为600～1000℃，流化床热解气化炉5内温度为500～950℃，生物炭冷却分离炉10温度为200～400℃。The temperature in the fluidized bed combustion furnace is 600-1000°C, the temperature in the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 is 500-950°C, and the temperature in the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 is 200-400°C.
所述热载体为耐磨颗粒，包括河沙、石英砂、氧化铝球，陶瓷球，粒径为0.2～2mm。The heat carrier is wear-resistant particles, including river sand, quartz sand, alumina balls, and ceramic balls, with a particle size of 0.2-2mm.
实施例1Example 1
将含水率18％，颗粒直径为5mm木片由加料装置6加入流化床热解气化炉5中，原料在由流化床燃烧炉1输送过来的893℃高温热载体0.5mm石英砂加热情况下发生热解气化反应，流化床热解气化炉5内温度835℃，生成焦油含量7％的高温热解气和生物炭，生物炭和热载体被热解气携带进入燃气旋风4实现气固分离，热解气进入燃气净化提纯装置7，生物炭和热载体通过返料器二14进入生物炭冷却分离炉10，生物炭冷却分离炉10温度为350℃；含焦油的高温热解气在燃气净化提纯装置7中脱除焦油、水分、灰尘和二氧化碳，热解气净化后得到合成气，合成气进入甲烷合成装置8合成为天然气，甲烷含量95％；气净化提纯装置7获得的焦油经过焦油输送泵11送入流化床燃烧炉1内高效燃烧，燃烧炉内温度950℃，产生的热量主要用于加热热载体，产生的高温烟气携带高温热载体进入烟气旋风2，气固分离后烟气经过蒸汽发生器17和空气预热器16后排出，高温热载体经返料器一3进入流化床热解气化炉5；蒸汽蒸发器17产生的蒸汽450℃送入到流化床热解气化炉5作为流化介质并参与气化反应，空气经过空气预热器16预热到433℃后进入流化床燃烧炉1作为焦油燃烧用空气并实现热载体的高速流化；燃气净化提纯装置7获得的二氧化碳送入生物炭冷却分离炉10内实现生物炭的冷却，利用密度差实现热载体和生物炭的分离，冷却至75℃的生物炭被二氧化碳气体携带进入生物炭旋风9，气固分离后得到生物炭，生物质炭含碳量81％。Wood chips with a moisture content of 18% and a particle diameter of 5mm are fed into the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 by the feeding device 6, and the raw materials are heated by the 893°C high-temperature heat carrier 0.5mm quartz sand delivered from the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 The pyrolysis and gasification reaction occurs under the condition of fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification furnace 5, and the temperature inside the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 is 835°C, generating high-temperature pyrolysis gas and biochar with a tar content of 7%, and the biochar and heat carrier are carried by the pyrolysis gas into the gas cyclone 4 To achieve gas-solid separation, the pyrolysis gas enters the gas purification and purification device 7, and the biochar and heat carrier enter the biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 through the feeder 2 14, and the temperature of the biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 is 350 °C; The decomposed gas removes tar, moisture, dust and carbon dioxide in the gas purification and purification device 7, and the pyrolysis gas is purified to obtain synthesis gas, which enters the methane synthesis device 8 to be synthesized into natural gas with a methane content of 95%; the gas purification and purification device 7 obtains The tar is sent to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 through the tar delivery pump 11 for high-efficiency combustion. The temperature in the combustion furnace is 950°C. The heat generated is mainly used to heat the heat carrier, and the high-temperature flue gas produced carries the high-temperature heat carrier into the flue gas cyclone 2. After the gas-solid separation, the flue gas is discharged through the steam generator 17 and the air preheater 16, and the high-temperature heat carrier enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 through the feeder-3; the steam generated by the steam evaporator 17 is 450°C The air is sent to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 as a fluidized medium and participates in the gasification reaction. The air is preheated to 433°C by the air preheater 16 and then enters the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 as air for burning tar and realizes heat generation. High-speed fluidization of the carrier; the carbon dioxide obtained by the gas purification and purification device 7 is sent into the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 to realize the cooling of the biochar, and the separation of the heat carrier and the biochar is realized by using the density difference, and the biochar cooled to 75 ° C is covered with carbon dioxide The gas is carried into the biochar cyclone 9, and the biochar is obtained after gas-solid separation, and the carbon content of the biochar is 81%.
实施例2Example 2
将含水率35％，颗粒直径为2mm竹屑由加料装置6加入流化床热解气化炉5中，原料在由流化床燃烧炉1输送过来的845℃高温热载体2mm陶瓷球加热情况下发生热解气化反应，流化床热解气化炉5内温度775℃，生成焦油含量5％的高温热解气和生物炭，生物炭和热载体被热解气携带进入燃气旋风4实现气固分离，热解气进入燃气净化提纯装置7，生物炭和热载体通过返料器二14进入生物炭冷却分离炉10，生物炭冷却分离炉10温度为310℃；含焦油的高温热解气在燃气净化提纯装置7中脱除焦油、水分、灰尘和二氧化碳，热解气净化后得到合成气，合成气进入甲烷合成装置8合成为天然气，甲烷含量95％；气净化提纯装置7获得的焦油经过焦油输送泵11送入流化床燃烧炉1内高效燃烧，燃烧炉内温度894℃，产生的热量主要用于加热热载体，产生的高温烟气携带高温热载体进入烟气旋风2，气固分离后烟气经过蒸汽发生器17和空气预热器16后排出，高温热载体经返料器一3进入流化床热解气化炉5；蒸汽蒸发器17产生的蒸汽450℃送入到流化床热解气化炉5作为流化介质并参与气化反应，空气经过空气预热器16预热到370℃后进入流化床燃烧炉1作为焦油燃烧用空气并实现热载体的高速流化；燃气净化提纯装置7获得的二氧化碳送入生物炭冷却分离炉10内实现生物炭的冷却，利用密度差实现热载体和生物炭的分离，冷却至73℃的生物炭被二氧化碳气体携带进入生物炭旋风9，气固分离后得到生物炭，生物质炭含碳量80.3％。The moisture content is 35%, and the particle diameter is 2mm bamboo chips are fed into the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 by the feeding device 6, and the raw material is heated by the 845 ℃ high-temperature heat carrier 2mm ceramic ball delivered by the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 The pyrolysis and gasification reaction occurs under the condition of fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification furnace 5. The temperature in the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 is 775°C, and high-temperature pyrolysis gas and biochar with a tar content of 5% are generated. The biochar and heat carrier are carried by the pyrolysis gas into the gas cyclone 4 To achieve gas-solid separation, the pyrolysis gas enters the gas purification and purification device 7, and the biochar and heat carrier enter the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 through the feeder 2 14, and the temperature of the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 is 310 ° C; The decomposed gas removes tar, moisture, dust and carbon dioxide in the gas purification and purification device 7, and the pyrolysis gas is purified to obtain synthesis gas, which enters the methane synthesis device 8 to be synthesized into natural gas with a methane content of 95%; the gas purification and purification device 7 obtains The tar is sent to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 through the tar delivery pump 11 for high-efficiency combustion. The temperature in the combustion furnace is 894°C. The heat generated is mainly used to heat the heat carrier, and the high-temperature flue gas produced carries the high-temperature heat carrier into the flue gas cyclone 2. After the gas-solid separation, the flue gas is discharged through the steam generator 17 and the air preheater 16, and the high-temperature heat carrier enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 through the feeder-3; the steam generated by the steam evaporator 17 is 450°C The air is sent to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 as the fluidized medium and participates in the gasification reaction. The air is preheated to 370°C by the air preheater 16 and then enters the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 as the air for burning tar and realizes heat generation. High-speed fluidization of the carrier; the carbon dioxide obtained by the gas purification and purification device 7 is sent into the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 to realize the cooling of the biochar, and the separation of the heat carrier and the biochar is realized by using the density difference, and the biochar cooled to 73 ° C is covered with carbon dioxide The gas is carried into the biochar cyclone 9, and the biochar is obtained after gas-solid separation, and the carbon content of the biochar is 80.3%.
实施例3Example 3
将含水率42％，颗粒长度为10mm秸秆由加料装置6加入流化床热解气化炉5中，原料在由流化床燃烧炉1输送过来的591℃高温热载体1mm氧化铝球加热情况下发生热解气化反应，流化床热解气化炉5内温度540℃，生成焦油含量6％的高温热解气和生物炭，生物炭和热载体被热解气携带进入燃气旋风4实现气固分离，热解气进入燃气净化提纯装置7，生物炭和热载体通过返料器二14进入生物炭冷却分离炉10，生物炭冷却分离炉10温度为240℃；含焦油的高温热解气在燃气净化提纯装置7中脱除焦油、水分、灰尘和二氧化碳，热解气净化后得到合成气，合成气进入甲烷合成装置8合成为天然气，甲烷含量95％；气净化提纯装置7获得的焦油经过焦油输送泵11送入流化床燃烧炉1内高效燃烧，燃烧炉内温度665℃，产生的热量主要用于加热热载体，产生的高温烟气携带高温热载体进入烟气旋风2，气固分离后烟气经过蒸汽发生器17和空气预热器16后排出，高温热载体经返料器一3进入流化床热解气化炉5；蒸汽蒸发器17产生的蒸汽450℃送入到流化床热解气化炉5作为流化介质并参与气化反应，空气经过空气预热器16预热到310℃后进入流化床燃烧炉1作为焦油燃烧用空气并实现热载体的高速流化；燃气净化提纯装置7获得的二氧化碳送入生物炭冷却分离炉10内实现生物炭的冷却，利用密度差实现热载体和生物炭的分离，冷却至68℃的生物炭被二氧化碳气体携带进入生物炭旋风9，气固分离后得到生物炭，生物质炭含碳量45％。The straw with a moisture content of 42% and a particle length of 10mm is fed into the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 by the feeding device 6, and the raw material is heated by a 591°C high-temperature heat carrier 1mm alumina ball delivered from the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 The pyrolysis and gasification reaction occurs under the condition of fluidized bed pyrolysis and gasification furnace 5. The temperature inside the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 is 540°C, and high-temperature pyrolysis gas and biochar with a tar content of 6% are generated. The biochar and heat carrier are carried by the pyrolysis gas into the gas cyclone 4 To achieve gas-solid separation, the pyrolysis gas enters the gas purification and purification device 7, and the biochar and heat carrier enter the biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 through the feeder 2 14, and the temperature of the biochar cooling and separating furnace 10 is 240 ° C; The decomposed gas removes tar, moisture, dust and carbon dioxide in the gas purification and purification device 7, and the pyrolysis gas is purified to obtain synthesis gas, which enters the methane synthesis device 8 to be synthesized into natural gas with a methane content of 95%; the gas purification and purification device 7 obtains The tar is sent to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 through the tar delivery pump 11 for high-efficiency combustion. The temperature in the combustion furnace is 665°C. The heat generated is mainly used to heat the heat carrier, and the high-temperature flue gas produced carries the high-temperature heat carrier into the flue gas cyclone 2. After the gas-solid separation, the flue gas is discharged through the steam generator 17 and the air preheater 16, and the high-temperature heat carrier enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 through the feeder-3; the steam generated by the steam evaporator 17 is 450°C The air is sent to the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification furnace 5 as a fluidized medium and participates in the gasification reaction. The air is preheated to 310°C by the air preheater 16 and then enters the fluidized bed combustion furnace 1 as air for burning tar and realizes heat generation. High-speed fluidization of the carrier; the carbon dioxide obtained by the gas purification and purification device 7 is sent into the biochar cooling and separation furnace 10 to realize the cooling of the biochar, and the separation of the heat carrier and the biochar is realized by using the density difference, and the biochar cooled to 68 ° C is covered with carbon dioxide The gas is carried into the biochar cyclone 9, and the biochar is obtained after gas-solid separation, and the carbon content of the biochar is 45%.
本实用新型的工作原理为：The working principle of the utility model is:
生物质在加热情况下发生热解反应，其反应方程式为：生物质＝CO2+CO+CH4+C2以上气体+H2+生物炭+焦油Biomass undergoes pyrolysis reaction under heating, and the reaction equation is: biomass = CO2 + CO + CH4 + gas above C2 + H2 + biochar + tar
本实用新型得到生物炭同时实现其余成分尽可能转化成为甲烷气体，在热解产物中甲烷含量在10％左右，减少了后续合成的压力，CO和H2作为合成甲烷的原料气，C2以上气体量很少且可以提高天然气的热值，因此CO、CH4、C2以上气体和H2均为有效气体可用于后续合成。热解产物中的焦油的热值很高且在少量产生时难以作为化工用品使用，因此将该部分作为双流化床的燃料使用，可以避免其它双流化床采用生物炭燃烧时出现低温无法稳定燃烧而高温状态下碱金属导致结渣问题，使得燃烧炉温度控制非常灵活。热解气中的二氧化碳在温度低于1000℃时为惰性气体，用于生物炭的冷却可以实现温度降低和避免炭的复燃。本实用新型充分利用了生物质的不同热解产物，可实现了多种生物质(包括高碱类)处理，原料适应范围广。The utility model obtains biochar while realizing the transformation of the remaining components into methane gas as much as possible. The content of methane in the pyrolysis product is about 10%, which reduces the pressure of subsequent synthesis. CO andH2 are used as raw material gases for synthesizing methane, and more thanC2 The amount of gas is small and can increase the calorific value of natural gas, so CO, CH4 , gases above C2 and H2 are effective gases that can be used for subsequent synthesis. The calorific value of the tar in the pyrolysis product is very high and it is difficult to use it as a chemical product when it is produced in a small amount. Therefore, using this part as the fuel of the double fluidized bed can avoid the occurrence of low temperature failure when other double fluidized beds are burned with biochar. Stable combustion and slagging caused by alkali metals at high temperatures make the temperature control of the combustion furnace very flexible. The carbon dioxide in the pyrolysis gas is an inert gas when the temperature is lower than 1000°C, and it can be used to cool the biochar to reduce the temperature and avoid the reburning of the charcoal. The utility model makes full use of different pyrolysis products of biomass, can realize the treatment of various biomass (including high alkali), and has a wide range of raw materials.
以上显示和描述了本实用新型的基本原理、主要特征及本实用新型的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本实用新型不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本实用新型的原理，在不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的前提下，本实用新型还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本实用新型范围内。本实用新型的要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present utility model have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model The new model also has various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The required protection scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN201520430321.5UCN204874433U (en) | 2015-06-19 | 2015-06-19 | Two fluidized bed gasifica tion system natural gas devices of living beings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104910986A (en)* | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Device and process for preparing natural gas by virtue of double-fluidization bed gasification of biomass |
| CN106862259A (en)* | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-20 | 安徽蓝鼎环保能源科技有限公司 | A kind of soil remediation equipment |
| CN108504388A (en)* | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 太原锅炉集团有限公司 | A kind of low-grade fuel gasification system and its operation method |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104910986A (en)* | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Device and process for preparing natural gas by virtue of double-fluidization bed gasification of biomass |
| CN106862259A (en)* | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-20 | 安徽蓝鼎环保能源科技有限公司 | A kind of soil remediation equipment |
| CN108504388A (en)* | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 太原锅炉集团有限公司 | A kind of low-grade fuel gasification system and its operation method |
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