技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉船用桅杆升降技术领域，尤其是涉及一种可以有效防止船舶桅杆与桥梁等障碍物发生碰撞的柱形桅杆升降机构。The utility model relates to the technical field of marine mast lifting, in particular to a cylindrical mast lifting mechanism that can effectively prevent collisions between ship masts and obstacles such as bridges.
背景技术Background technique
桅杆一般都安装于船舶的最高的顶棚中心线处，用于安装雷达、航行信号灯及通信天线等，是船舶航行时非常重要的安全设施。桅杆的结构型式通常有单柱杆式、塔架式等。当船只从水面上所架设桥梁等底下穿越时，若船上的桅杆可能与桥梁发生碰撞，则需要提前放倒（或放下）桅杆，降低高度后才能使船舶安全通过。现有技术的桅杆放倒过程需要人工事先确定前方是否有桥梁等障碍物以及桥梁等障碍物的水上高度，确定障碍物高度后再由船员根据船上桅杆的水上高度确定是否需要提前将桅杆放倒以避免发生碰撞。但实际上桥梁等障碍物的水上高度与水面高低有关（如涨潮退潮、洪水等引起的水面高低变化），而船上桅杆的水上高度也与船只的吃水深浅有关，因此，每次需要掌握很多数据才能作出准确的判断；这不但加大了的船员的工作量，同时也容易出现疏忽或误判造成碰撞事故发生，从而造成重大的财产损失，尤其是船舶在晚上航行时，这一问题就更加突出。公开日为2013年9月18日，公开号为CN103303435A的中国专利文献公开了一种桅杆升降装置，包括基座、桅杆底座及桅杆，所述基座上还固定设置有螺杆底座，所述螺杆底座上设置有活动支柱及螺杆，所述螺杆上设置有与其传动连接的传动装置，所述桅杆上固定设置有升降底座，所述升降底座上设置有与其转动连接的活动支柱，所述螺杆与所述活动支柱螺纹连接，所述活动支柱和所述活动支柱的转动方向与所述桅杆绕所述桅杆底座的转动方向相同。该结构以桅杆的下端为铰接转动点，采用丝杆转动通过丝杆螺母带动桅杆放倒或升起，虽然丝杆与螺母配合具有省力效果，但由于桅杆较高，因此丝杆的受力很大，人工升降相对比较费力；另外，该结构也没有解决船员出现疏忽或误判可能造成碰撞事故的问题。Masts are generally installed on the centerline of the highest ceiling of the ship, and are used to install radar, navigation signal lights and communication antennas, etc., and are very important safety facilities when the ship is sailing. The structure of the mast usually has a single column type, a tower type, etc. When a ship passes under a bridge erected on the water, if the mast on the ship may collide with the bridge, it is necessary to lower (or put down) the mast in advance, and the ship can pass safely after lowering the height. The mast lowering process in the prior art needs to manually determine in advance whether there are obstacles such as bridges ahead and the water height of obstacles such as bridges. After determining the height of obstacles, the crew will determine whether the mast needs to be lowered in advance according to the height of the mast on the ship. to avoid collisions. But in fact, the water height of bridges and other obstacles is related to the water level (such as the change of water level caused by high and low tides, floods, etc.), and the water height of the mast on the ship is also related to the draft of the ship. Therefore, a lot of data needs to be mastered each time In order to make an accurate judgment; this not only increases the workload of the crew, but also prone to negligence or misjudgment resulting in collision accidents, resulting in heavy property losses, especially when the ship is sailing at night, this problem is even more serious protrude. The publication date is September 18, 2013, and the Chinese patent document with the publication number CN103303435A discloses a mast lifting device, including a base, a mast base and a mast, and a screw base is fixedly arranged on the base, and the screw base The base is provided with a movable pillar and a screw rod, the screw rod is provided with a transmission device connected with its transmission, the mast is fixedly provided with a lifting base, and the lifting base is provided with a movable pillar connected to it in rotation, and the screw rod and The movable strut is screwed, and the rotating direction of the movable strut and the movable strut is the same as that of the mast around the mast base. The structure uses the lower end of the mast as the hinged rotation point, and uses the rotation of the screw to drive the mast down or up through the screw nut. Although the cooperation between the screw and the nut has a labor-saving effect, the force on the screw is very high due to the high mast. Large, manual lifting is relatively laborious; in addition, this structure does not solve the problem that the crew may cause collision accidents due to negligence or misjudgment.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是为解决现有技术的桅杆升降装置容易因疏忽或误判造成碰撞事故，从而出现重大财产损失的问题，提供一种可自动检测障碍物，避免造成重大财产损失的柱形桅杆升降机构。The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problem that the mast lifting device in the prior art is prone to collision accidents due to negligence or misjudgment, thereby causing major property losses, and to provide a columnar lift that can automatically detect obstacles and avoid major property losses. Mast lifting mechanism.
本实用新型为解决上述技术问题而采用的具体技术方案是，一种柱形桅杆升降机构，所述柱形桅杆可转动地设置在船舶的桅杆基架上，所述基架上设有一根与船舶航行方向垂直的水平转轴，水平转轴的中部固定有一个用于定位桅杆的滑套，桅杆穿设在滑套内，桅杆的下半部外壁上轴向设有齿条，滑套的外壁上设有桅杆电机，桅杆电机的输出轴上设有桅杆驱动齿轮，桅杆驱动齿轮与一个桅杆升降齿轮啮合，滑套与齿条对应一侧的侧壁上设有缺口，桅杆升降齿轮的一侧通过滑套侧壁上的缺口与桅杆上的齿条啮合，桅杆基架上设有与水平转轴同轴的固定齿轮，桅杆升降齿轮的另一侧通过减速齿轮组与固定齿轮啮合，桅杆的顶部设有用于检测船舶航行方向障碍物的障碍物检测装置，障碍物检测装置包括一个检测模块及摆动机构，所述的摆动机构包括水平摆动机构及垂直摆动机构，垂直摆动机构设置在水平摆动机构上并随水平摆动机构摆动，所述检测模块设置在垂直摆动机构上；柱形桅杆升降机构还包括控制装置及报警装置，控制装置连接桅杆电机、障碍物检测装置及报警装置。The specific technical solution adopted by the utility model for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is a cylindrical mast lifting mechanism, the cylindrical mast is rotatably arranged on the mast base frame of the ship, and the base frame is provided with a The horizontal shaft that is vertical to the sailing direction of the ship. A sliding sleeve for positioning the mast is fixed in the middle of the horizontal shaft. There is a mast motor, the output shaft of the mast motor is provided with a mast driving gear, the mast driving gear meshes with a mast lifting gear, a gap is provided on the side wall corresponding to the sliding sleeve and the rack, and one side of the mast lifting gear passes through The notch on the side wall of the sliding sleeve meshes with the rack on the mast. A fixed gear coaxial with the horizontal shaft is provided on the mast base. The other side of the mast lifting gear meshes with the fixed gear through a reduction gear set. The top of the mast is set There is an obstacle detection device for detecting obstacles in the navigation direction of a ship. The obstacle detection device includes a detection module and a swing mechanism. The swing mechanism includes a horizontal swing mechanism and a vertical swing mechanism. The vertical swing mechanism is arranged on the horizontal swing mechanism and As the horizontal swing mechanism swings, the detection module is arranged on the vertical swing mechanism; the cylindrical mast lifting mechanism also includes a control device and an alarm device, and the control device is connected to the mast motor, the obstacle detection device and the alarm device.
本实用新型的柱形桅杆设置在桅杆基架上，桅杆基架上设有一根与船舶航行方向垂直的水平转轴，水平转轴的中部固定有一个用于定位桅杆的滑套，桅杆穿设在滑套内，通过桅杆电机驱动，桅杆可以在滑套的轴向移动，同时滑套同步转动，带动桅杆向后放倒。这种放倒桅杆的方式由于桅杆边下降边转动放倒，因此可以使桅杆重心相对于水平转轴的力矩得以减小，当桅杆放倒至水平位置时，水平转轴位于桅杆的中部接近重心位置，桅杆重心相对于水平转轴的力矩最小。而桅杆竖起时，水平转轴以上部分的桅杆也是一个边竖起边伸长的过程，这样既解决了桅杆竖立时应具有足够高度的问题，也使桅杆升降过程相对于水平转轴的力矩较小，避免单边转动升降需要克服很大力矩，需要较大动力的问题，采用较小的电机即可满足桅杆升降需要。障碍物检测装置用于自动检测船舶航行方向上可能与船舶桅杆发生碰撞的障碍物，摆动机构实现障碍物检测装置在一定的范围内扫描检测障碍物，确保船舶行驶方向上的一个矩形范围内可能与桅杆发生碰撞的障碍物均被检测到，保证船舶航行安全。控制装置可以根据障碍物的不同情况控制桅杆升降机构放下桅杆或发出警告，使得桅杆放倒自动化，避免因人工操作的疏忽或误判造成碰撞事故，造成重大财产损失的问题。The cylindrical mast of the utility model is arranged on the mast base frame, which is provided with a horizontal shaft perpendicular to the navigation direction of the ship, and a sliding sleeve for positioning the mast is fixed in the middle of the horizontal shaft, and the mast is installed on In the sleeve, driven by the mast motor, the mast can move in the axial direction of the sliding sleeve, and at the same time, the sliding sleeve rotates synchronously, driving the mast to fall backward. This way of laying down the mast can reduce the moment of the center of gravity of the mast relative to the horizontal axis of rotation because the mast is turned down while falling. The moment of the center of gravity of the mast relative to the horizontal axis of rotation is the smallest. When the mast is erected, the mast above the horizontal axis of rotation is also a process of elongation while erecting, which not only solves the problem that the mast should have a sufficient height when it is erected, but also makes the moment of the mast lifting process relative to the horizontal axis smaller. , to avoid the problem of a large torque and a large power required for unilateral rotation and lifting, and the use of a smaller motor can meet the needs of mast lifting. The obstacle detection device is used to automatically detect obstacles that may collide with the ship's mast in the direction of the ship's navigation. Obstacles that collide with the mast are detected to ensure the safety of the ship. The control device can control the mast lifting mechanism to lower the mast or issue a warning according to different obstacles, so that the mast can be automatically lowered to avoid collision accidents caused by negligence or misjudgment of manual operations, resulting in major property losses.
作为优选，检测模块为激光测距仪，激光测距仪的有效检测距离不小于1000米。本实用新型检测模块采用激光测距仪，可以发射脉冲激光束，利用反射光线判断是否存在障碍物，并利用发出光线与反射光线之间的时间差计算出距离。Preferably, the detection module is a laser range finder, and the effective detection distance of the laser range finder is not less than 1000 meters. The detection module of the utility model adopts a laser range finder, which can emit pulsed laser beams, use reflected light to judge whether there is an obstacle, and use the time difference between the emitted light and the reflected light to calculate the distance.
作为优选，摆动机构包括一摆动电机，摆动电机的动力轴上叠设有正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮，正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮均为齿数相同的扇形齿轮且错位布置，摆动机构还包括摆动齿轮，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮间断性啮合，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮间断性啮合，换向齿轮与摆动齿轮啮合，摆动齿轮通过一减速传动齿轮与摆动输出齿轮啮合，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮啮合时，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮脱离啮合，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮啮合时，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮脱离啮合，检测模块固定在摆动输出齿轮上。Preferably, the swing mechanism includes a swing motor, the power shaft of the swing motor is stacked with a forward drive gear and a reverse drive gear, and the forward drive gear and the reverse drive gear are all sector gears with the same number of teeth and are arranged in a misplaced manner. The mechanism also includes a swing gear, the forward drive gear is intermittently meshed with the swing gear, the reverse drive gear is intermittently meshed with the reversing gear, the reversing gear is meshed with the swing gear, the swing gear is meshed with the swing output gear through a reduction transmission gear, When the forward drive gear meshes with the swing gear, the reverse drive gear disengages from the reversing gear; when the reverse drive gear meshes with the reversing gear, the forward drive gear disengages from the swing gear, and the detection module is fixed on the swing output gear .
摆动电机通过驱动轴带动正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮同方向转动，当正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮啮合时，摆动齿轮反向转动通过一减速传动齿轮带动摆动输出齿轮正向转动，正向驱动齿轮继续转动与摆动齿轮脱离啮合，摆动齿轮停止转动，此时反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮啮合，反向驱动齿轮通过换向齿轮带动摆动齿轮正向转动，反向驱动齿轮继续转动与换向齿轮脱离啮合后，正向驱动齿轮又开始与摆动齿轮啮合，重复上述过程，实现电机连续转动带动摆动输出齿轮的小幅度来回摆动，从而进一步实现障碍物检测装置在一定的范围内扫描检测障碍物，确保船舶行驶方向上的一定范围内的障碍物均被检测到，保证船舶航行安全。本实用新型的水平摆动机构与垂直摆动机构的内部结构一致，只是安装上的方向不同，一个在水平方向摆动，一个在垂直方向摆动。现有技术的来回摆动机构通常采用电机正反转来实现，但电机正反转的缺点一是需要复杂的控制系统，二是电机频繁正反转会影响其使用寿命，不适合长时间工作；而本实用新型的正反转完全通过机械结构实现，圆满地解决了上述问题，可以长时间工作。The swing motor drives the forward drive gear and the reverse drive gear to rotate in the same direction through the drive shaft. When the forward drive gear meshes with the swing gear, the swing gear rotates in the reverse direction through a reduction transmission gear to drive the swing output gear to rotate forward. The driving gear continues to rotate and is out of mesh with the swing gear, and the swing gear stops rotating. At this time, the reverse drive gear meshes with the reversing gear. After the gear is disengaged, the forward drive gear starts to mesh with the swing gear again, and the above process is repeated to realize the continuous rotation of the motor to drive the swing output gear to swing back and forth in a small range, thereby further realizing the obstacle detection device to scan and detect obstacles within a certain range to ensure that obstacles within a certain range in the direction of the ship are detected to ensure the safety of the ship. The internal structure of the horizontal swing mechanism of the utility model is the same as that of the vertical swing mechanism, but the installation directions are different, one swings in the horizontal direction, and the other swings in the vertical direction. The back and forth swing mechanism of the prior art is usually implemented by the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, but the disadvantages of the forward and reverse rotation of the motor are firstly that it requires a complex control system, and secondly that the frequent forward and reverse rotation of the motor will affect its service life, which is not suitable for long-term work; And the positive and negative rotation of the utility model is completely realized by the mechanical structure, which satisfactorily solves the above-mentioned problems and can work for a long time.
作为优选，水平摆动机构的摆动角度为1至2度，垂直摆动机构的摆动角度为2至3度，垂直摆动机构的摆动频率大于水平摆动机构的摆动频率。水平摆动机构的摆动角度与垂直摆动机构的摆动角度大小决定了障碍物检测装置在一定检测距离上的扫描范围大小；摆动角度越大，相应的检测范围越大，但与桅杆碰撞无关的障碍物出现的可能性也越大，容易影响检测精度；摆动角度越小，相应的检测范围越小，虽然与桅杆碰撞无关的障碍物出现的可能性也越小，但可能漏掉某些障碍物，特别的桥梁等网格状的障碍物。另外，由于本实用新型的障碍物检测仅仅作为桅杆防撞考虑，而低于桅杆基架的障碍物由于不属于本实用新型能够解决的技术问题，不在本实用新型的考虑范围内。因此垂直摆动机构的摆动角度可以根据桅杆基架上的桅杆高度并结合合适的检测距离加以确定，这里合适的检测距离是对可能出现的最大航速、桅杆放倒所需时间、安全裕量等综合考虑后确定的，本领域技术人员容易做到。而水平摆动机构的摆动角度除考虑障碍物可能是一种开口朝下的缺口结构，这种结构也许船舶可以从中间安全通过，但如果考虑未来船舶可能出现一定的方向偏移，而偏移后可能发生碰撞，因此也应考虑提前放倒桅杆以避免发生碰撞。Preferably, the swing angle of the horizontal swing mechanism is 1 to 2 degrees, the swing angle of the vertical swing mechanism is 2 to 3 degrees, and the swing frequency of the vertical swing mechanism is higher than that of the horizontal swing mechanism. The swing angle of the horizontal swing mechanism and the swing angle of the vertical swing mechanism determine the scanning range of the obstacle detection device at a certain detection distance; the larger the swing angle, the larger the corresponding detection range, but obstacles that have nothing to do with the mast collision The greater the possibility of occurrence, it is easy to affect the detection accuracy; the smaller the swing angle, the smaller the corresponding detection range, although the possibility of obstacles unrelated to the mast collision is also smaller, but some obstacles may be missed, Special grid-like obstacles such as bridges. In addition, because the obstacle detection of the utility model is only considered as a mast collision avoidance, and obstacles lower than the mast base are not within the scope of the utility model because they do not belong to the technical problems that the utility model can solve. Therefore, the swing angle of the vertical swing mechanism can be determined according to the height of the mast on the base frame of the mast combined with a suitable detection distance. It can be easily determined by those skilled in the art after consideration. In addition to considering the swing angle of the horizontal swing mechanism, the obstacle may be a notch structure with the opening facing downward. This structure may allow the ship to pass through the middle safely, but if it is considered that the ship may have a certain direction deviation in the future, and after the deviation Collisions are possible, so lowering the mast early should also be considered to avoid a collision.
作为优选，齿条两端的桅杆上设有桅杆升降限位装置，桅杆基架上设有桅杆转动限位装置，桅杆升降限位装置及桅杆转动限位装置上均包括限位开关及限位弹性缓冲块。桅杆转动限位装置用于限定桅杆转动的极限位置，当桅杆转动至水平位置时，限位开关闭合发出桅杆转动到位信号，桅杆电机停止转动；限位弹性缓冲块可以起到缓冲作用。Preferably, the mast at both ends of the rack is provided with a mast lifting limit device, the mast base frame is provided with a mast rotation limit device, and both the mast lift limit device and the mast rotation limit device include a limit switch and a limit elastic buffer block. The mast rotation limiting device is used to limit the limit position of the mast rotation. When the mast is rotated to the horizontal position, the limit switch is closed to send a signal that the mast is fully rotated, and the mast motor stops rotating; the limit elastic buffer block can play a buffering role.
作为优选，桅杆电机转动时，桅杆驱动齿轮通过桅杆升降齿轮及齿条带动桅杆在滑套内上下升降，桅杆驱动齿轮通过桅杆升降齿轮、减速齿轮组使滑套相对于固定齿轮转动，桅杆升降齿轮与齿条的啮合点从齿条的一端移动到齿条的另一端时，滑套转动90度。本实用新型桅杆升降齿轮与滑套之间有确定的转动比例关系，直立状态的桅杆放倒时，桅杆电机转动通过桅杆驱动齿轮、桅杆升降齿轮带动齿条及桅杆在滑套内下降，桅杆驱动齿轮通过桅杆升降齿轮、减速齿轮组使滑套等相对于固定齿轮转动，桅杆在滑套内下降至最低位置时，滑套转动90度，桅杆呈水平状态。这样，桅杆处于水平状态时，水平转轴位于桅杆的中部即桅杆的重心附近，而桅杆竖起时，水平转轴以上部分的桅杆也是一个边竖起边伸长的过程，这样可以使桅杆升降过程相对于水平转轴具有较小的力矩，避免单边转动升降需要克服很大力矩，需要较大动力的问题，采用较小的电机即可满足桅杆升降需要。As preferably, when the mast motor rotates, the mast driving gear drives the mast up and down in the sliding sleeve through the mast lifting gear and the rack, the mast driving gear makes the sliding sleeve rotate relative to the fixed gear through the mast lifting gear and the reduction gear set, and the mast lifting gear When the point of engagement with the rack moves from one end of the rack to the other end of the rack, the sleeve turns 90 degrees. There is a definite rotational proportional relationship between the mast lifting gear and the sliding sleeve of the utility model. When the mast in the upright state is down, the mast motor rotates through the mast driving gear and the mast lifting gear to drive the rack and the mast to descend in the sliding sleeve, and the mast drives The gears make the sliding sleeve rotate relative to the fixed gear through the mast lifting gear and the reduction gear set. When the mast falls to the lowest position in the sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve rotates 90 degrees, and the mast is in a horizontal state. In this way, when the mast is in a horizontal state, the horizontal axis of rotation is located near the center of the mast, that is, near the center of gravity of the mast. Due to the small torque of the horizontal shaft, it is necessary to overcome the problem of large torque and large power for unilateral rotation and lifting, and the use of a small motor can meet the needs of mast lifting.
作为优选，位于桅杆驱动齿轮与固定齿轮之间的齿轮传动机构中的其中一根齿轮轴上设有手轮。通过设置在一根齿轮轴上的手轮，还可以实现人工升降桅杆，同时人工升降桅杆时也比较轻便，解决了现有技术的桅杆人工升降时比较费力的问题。Preferably, a handwheel is provided on one of the gear shafts in the gear transmission mechanism between the mast driving gear and the fixed gear. Through the hand wheel arranged on a gear shaft, the mast can also be manually lifted and lowered. At the same time, the mast is easily lifted and lowered manually, which solves the problem of laborious lifting of the mast in the prior art.
本实用新型的有益效果是，它有效地解决了现有技术的桅杆升降装置容易因疏忽或误判造成碰撞事故，从而出现重大财产损失的问题，本实用新型的桅杆升降机构可以自动检测障碍物并自动放倒桅杆，避免发生碰撞而引起重大财产损失，确保航行安全，具有很高的实用价值。The beneficial effect of the utility model is that it effectively solves the problem that the mast lifting device in the prior art is prone to collision accidents due to negligence or misjudgment, thereby causing heavy property losses. The mast lifting mechanism of the utility model can automatically detect obstacles And automatically lower the mast, avoid collisions and cause major property losses, ensure safe navigation, and have high practical value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型柱形桅杆升降机构的一种结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the utility model cylindrical mast elevating mechanism;
图2是本实用新型柱形桅杆升降机构的一种局部结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a kind of partial structure schematic diagram of the cylindrical mast lifting mechanism of the utility model;
图3是本实用新型柱形桅杆升降机构的一种俯视结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a top view of the columnar mast lifting mechanism of the utility model;
图4是本实用新型障碍物检测装置的一种外形结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of the obstacle detection device of the present invention;
图5是本实用新型垂直摆动机构一种结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical swing mechanism of the present invention.
图中：1. 水平转轴，2.滑套，3.齿条，4.桅杆电机，5.桅杆驱动齿轮，6.桅杆升降齿轮，7.缺口，8.固定齿轮，9.减速齿轮组，10.手轮，11.检测模块，12.摆动机构，13.水平摆动机构，14.垂直摆动机构， 21.动力轴，22.正向驱动齿轮，23.反向驱动齿轮，24.摆动齿轮，25.换向齿轮，26.减速传动齿轮，27.摆动输出齿轮， 34.桅杆，35.桅杆基架，36.支架。In the figure: 1. Horizontal shaft, 2. Sliding sleeve, 3. Rack, 4. Mast motor, 5. Mast driving gear, 6. Mast lifting gear, 7. Gap, 8. Fixed gear, 9. Reduction gear set, 10. Hand wheel, 11. Detection module, 12. Swing mechanism, 13. Horizontal swing mechanism, 14. Vertical swing mechanism, 21. Power shaft, 22. Forward drive gear, 23. Reverse drive gear, 24. Swing gear , 25. reversing gear, 26. reduction transmission gear, 27. swing output gear, 34. mast, 35. mast pedestal, 36. support.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本实用新型的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。The technical solutions of the present utility model will be further specifically described below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
在如图1图2所示实施例1中，一种柱形桅杆升降机构，所述柱形桅杆34可转动地设置在船舶的桅杆基架35上，所述基架上设有一根与船舶航行方向垂直的水平转轴1，水平转轴的中部固定有一个用于定位桅杆的滑套2，桅杆穿设在滑套内，桅杆的下半部外壁上轴向设有齿条3，齿条两端的桅杆上设有桅杆升降限位装置，桅杆基架上设有桅杆转动限位装置，桅杆升降限位装置及桅杆转动限位装置上均包括限位开关及限位弹性缓冲块（图中未画出）。滑套的外壁上设有桅杆电机4及用于固定传动系统的支架36（见图3），桅杆电机的输出轴上设有桅杆驱动齿轮5，桅杆驱动齿轮与一个桅杆升降齿轮6啮合，滑套与齿条对应一侧的侧壁上设有缺口7，桅杆升降齿轮的一侧通过滑套侧壁上的缺口与桅杆上的齿条啮合，桅杆基架上设有与水平转轴同轴的固定齿轮8，桅杆升降齿轮的另一侧通过减速齿轮组9与固定齿轮啮合，减速齿轮组与固定齿轮均为对称结构。桅杆的顶部设有用于检测船舶航行方向障碍物的障碍物检测装置，障碍物检测装置包括一个检测模块11及摆动机构12，所述的检测模块为激光测距仪，激光测距仪的有效检测距离不小于1000米。所述的摆动机构包括水平摆动机构13及垂直摆动机构14，水平摆动机构的摆动角度为1至2度，垂直摆动机构的摆动角度为2至3度，垂直摆动机构的摆动频率大于水平摆动机构的摆动频率，垂直摆动机构设置在水平摆动机构上并随水平摆动机构摆动，所述检测模块设置在垂直摆动机构上（见图4），位于桅杆驱动齿轮与固定齿轮之间的齿轮传动机构中的其中一根齿轮轴上设有手轮10；桅杆电机转动时，桅杆驱动齿轮通过桅杆升降齿轮及齿条带动桅杆在滑套内上下升降，桅杆驱动齿轮通过桅杆升降齿轮、减速齿轮组使滑套相对于固定齿轮转动，桅杆升降齿轮与齿条的啮合点从齿条的一端移动到齿条的另一端时，滑套转动90度。柱形桅杆升降机构还包括控制装置及报警装置，控制装置连接桅杆电机、障碍物检测装置及报警装置。In Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a columnar mast lifting mechanism, the columnar mast 34 is rotatably arranged on the mast base frame 35 of the ship, and the base frame is provided with a The horizontal rotating shaft 1 vertical to the navigation direction is fixed with a sliding sleeve 2 for positioning the mast in the middle of the horizontal rotating shaft. The mast at the end is provided with a mast lifting limit device, and the mast base frame is provided with a mast rotation limit device. Both the mast lift limit device and the mast rotation limit device include a limit switch and a limit elastic buffer block (not shown in the figure). draw). The outer wall of the sliding sleeve is provided with a mast motor 4 and a support 36 (see figure 3) for fixing the transmission system. The output shaft of the mast motor is provided with a mast drive gear 5, which meshes with a mast lifting gear 6. There is a gap 7 on the side wall corresponding to the side wall of the sleeve and the rack, and one side of the mast lifting gear meshes with the rack on the mast through the gap on the side wall of the sliding sleeve. The fixed gear 8, the other side of the mast lifting gear meshes with the fixed gear through the reduction gear set 9, and the reduction gear set and the fixed gear are symmetrical structures. The top of the mast is provided with an obstacle detection device for detecting obstacles in the navigation direction of the ship. The obstacle detection device includes a detection module 11 and a swing mechanism 12. The detection module is a laser range finder, and the effective detection of the laser range finder The distance is not less than 1000 meters. Described swing mechanism comprises horizontal swing mechanism 13 and vertical swing mechanism 14, and the swing angle of horizontal swing mechanism is 1 to 2 degree, and the swing angle of vertical swing mechanism is 2 to 3 degree, and the swing frequency of vertical swing mechanism is greater than horizontal swing mechanism swing frequency, the vertical swing mechanism is set on the horizontal swing mechanism and swings with the horizontal swing mechanism, the detection module is set on the vertical swing mechanism (see Figure 4), and is located in the gear transmission mechanism between the mast drive gear and the fixed gear One of the gear shafts is provided with a hand wheel 10; when the mast motor rotates, the mast driving gear drives the mast to move up and down in the sliding sleeve through the mast lifting gear and the rack, and the mast driving gear makes the sliding through the mast lifting gear and the reduction gear set. The sleeve rotates relative to the fixed gear, and when the meshing point of the mast lifting gear and the rack moves from one end of the rack to the other end of the rack, the sliding sleeve rotates 90 degrees. The cylindrical mast lifting mechanism also includes a control device and an alarm device, and the control device is connected to the mast motor, the obstacle detection device and the alarm device.
实施例2Example 2
实施例2的摆动机构（见图5）包括一摆动电机（图中未画出），摆动电机的动力轴21上叠设有正向驱动齿轮22与反向驱动齿轮23，正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮均为齿数相同的扇形齿轮且错位布置，摆动机构还包括摆动齿轮24，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮间断性啮合，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮25间断性啮合，换向齿轮与摆动齿轮啮合，摆动齿轮通过一减速传动齿轮26与摆动输出齿轮27啮合，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮啮合时，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮脱离啮合，反向驱动齿轮与换向齿轮啮合时，正向驱动齿轮与摆动齿轮脱离啮合，检测模块固定在摆动输出齿轮上，其余和实施例1相同。The swing mechanism of embodiment 2 (see Figure 5) includes a swing motor (not shown in the figure), and the power shaft 21 of the swing motor is stacked with a forward drive gear 22 and a reverse drive gear 23, and the forward drive gear and the reverse drive gear The reverse drive gears are all sector gears with the same number of teeth and are arranged in a misplaced position. The swing mechanism also includes a swing gear 24. The forward drive gear is intermittently meshed with the swing gear, and the reverse drive gear is intermittently meshed with the reversing gear 25. The reversing gear Mesh with the swing gear, the swing gear meshes with the swing output gear 27 through a reduction transmission gear 26, when the forward drive gear meshes with the swing gear, the reverse drive gear disengages with the reversing gear, and the reverse drive gear meshes with the reversing gear , the forward drive gear is disengaged from the swing gear, and the detection module is fixed on the swing output gear, and the rest are the same as in Embodiment 1.
本实用新型在桅杆顶部设置障碍物检测装置，可以自动检测船舶航行方向上可能与船舶桅杆发生碰撞的障碍物，摆动机构实现障碍物检测装置在一定的范围内扫描检测障碍物，确保船舶行驶方向上的一个矩形范围内可能与桅杆发生碰撞的障碍物均被检测到，保证船舶航行安全。控制装置可以根据障碍物的不同情况控制桅杆升降机构放下桅杆或发出警告，使得桅杆放倒自动化，避免因人工操作的疏忽或误判造成碰撞事故。The utility model is equipped with an obstacle detection device on the top of the mast, which can automatically detect obstacles that may collide with the ship mast in the direction of the ship's navigation. The swing mechanism enables the obstacle detection device to scan and detect obstacles within a certain range to ensure the direction of the ship. Obstacles that may collide with the mast within a rectangular range above are detected to ensure the safety of the ship. The control device can control the mast lifting mechanism to lower the mast or issue a warning according to different obstacles, so that the mast can be automatically lowered, and collision accidents caused by manual negligence or misjudgment can be avoided.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520235742.2UCN204567982U (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2015-04-17 | A kind of cylindricality mast elevating system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520235742.2UCN204567982U (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2015-04-17 | A kind of cylindricality mast elevating system |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204567982Utrue CN204567982U (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520235742.2UExpired - Fee RelatedCN204567982U (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2015-04-17 | A kind of cylindricality mast elevating system |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204567982U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107554697A (en)* | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 无锡宝宏船舶机械有限公司 | The clean-out cover peculiar to vessel of infrared range-measurement system is installed |
| CN110116784A (en)* | 2019-04-01 | 2019-08-13 | 深圳市云洲创新科技有限公司 | A kind of mast and unmanned boat |
| CN111572710A (en)* | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-25 | 中国人民解放军96901部队25分队 | Lifting mast device capable of being laid down |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107554697A (en)* | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 无锡宝宏船舶机械有限公司 | The clean-out cover peculiar to vessel of infrared range-measurement system is installed |
| CN110116784A (en)* | 2019-04-01 | 2019-08-13 | 深圳市云洲创新科技有限公司 | A kind of mast and unmanned boat |
| CN111572710A (en)* | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-25 | 中国人民解放军96901部队25分队 | Lifting mast device capable of being laid down |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20150819 Termination date:20160417 | |
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |