技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种光伏发电系统，尤其是一种基于直流光伏模块的光伏发电系统拓扑结构，属于光伏发电技术领域。The utility model relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, in particular to a topological structure of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a DC photovoltaic module, which belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
背景技术Background technique
目前常用的光伏发电系统拓扑结构有集中式、串联式、多支路式。其中，集中式结构按照设计的电压等级和容量，把大量光伏组件通过串联和并联的方式连接至汇流箱，然后经过一个集中式逆变器将光伏阵列输出的直流电能变换为交流电能；串联式和多支路式结构将多个光伏组件串联形成光伏组件串，每个组件串通过DC/DC变换器升压后，再逆变输出交流电能。这三种拓扑结构的共同缺点是：系统中存在光伏组件的串联或并联，系统的最大功率点跟踪是针对整个串并联光伏阵列或组件串，无法保证每个组件均运行在最大功率点，抗阴影能力差，甚至可能形成热斑，导致组件损坏，系统可靠性低，大大降低了系统的能量变换效率，同时也难以获得每个组件的状态信息。At present, the commonly used topologies of photovoltaic power generation systems include centralized, series, and multi-branch. Among them, the centralized structure connects a large number of photovoltaic modules to the combiner box in series and parallel according to the designed voltage level and capacity, and then converts the DC power output by the photovoltaic array into AC power through a centralized inverter; the series type And the multi-branch structure connects multiple photovoltaic modules in series to form a photovoltaic module string. After each module string is boosted by a DC/DC converter, it is then inverted to output AC power. The common disadvantages of these three topologies are: there are series or parallel connections of photovoltaic modules in the system, and the maximum power point tracking of the system is aimed at the entire series-parallel photovoltaic array or module string, which cannot guarantee that each module operates at the maximum power point. Poor shadowing capabilities may even form hot spots, resulting in component damage, low system reliability, greatly reducing the energy conversion efficiency of the system, and it is also difficult to obtain status information of each component.
针对上述缺点，有文献指出采用交流模块式结构。所谓交流模块式结构是每个光伏组件配备一台微型逆变器（MI），组成一个交流模块，然后并联到交流母线上。这种结构虽然可以克服其它结构抗热斑和阴影能力差、功率失配、难以有效实现最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的问题，但由于每个交流模块逆变后并联到交流母线上，因而每个交流模块均需要考虑并网控制问题，存在并网控制复杂、成本高、可靠性低等不足。In response to the above shortcomings, some literature points out that the AC modular structure is adopted. The so-called AC modular structure is that each photovoltaic module is equipped with a micro-inverter (MI) to form an AC module, and then connected in parallel to the AC bus. Although this structure can overcome the problems of poor heat spot and shadow resistance, power mismatch, and difficulty in effectively realizing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of other structures, but because each AC module is connected to the AC bus in parallel after inversion, each Each AC module needs to consider the problem of grid-connected control, which has the disadvantages of complex grid-connected control, high cost, and low reliability.
针对上述不足，已有文献指出采用直流模块式结构。CN102158094B公开了一种光伏发电DC/DC变换器及其控制方法，该方法是将若干个DC/AC逆变器分别连接一个高频变压器，所有高频变压器的二次侧的一端连在一起，另一端分别连接一个单相二极管实现整流，组成光伏发电DC/DC变换器。但该光伏发电DC/DC变换器及其控制方法存在系统结构复杂、控制难、施工难、成本高等问题，也没涉及到各个变换器的通信问题。Aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies, existing literature points out that a DC module structure is adopted. CN102158094B discloses a photovoltaic power generation DC/DC converter and its control method. The method is to connect several DC/AC inverters to a high-frequency transformer respectively, and connect one end of the secondary side of all high-frequency transformers together. The other ends are respectively connected to a single-phase diode to realize rectification and form a DC/DC converter for photovoltaic power generation. However, the DC/DC converter for photovoltaic power generation and its control method have problems such as complex system structure, difficult control, difficult construction, and high cost, and do not involve the communication problem of each converter.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的主要目的在于：针对上述现有技术存在的缺点和不足，提供结构简单、控制更加灵活简便、易于施工、成本经济的一种基于直流光伏模块的光伏发电系统拓扑结构，从而便于推广应用。The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a topological structure of a photovoltaic power generation system based on a DC photovoltaic module with simple structure, more flexible and convenient control, easy construction, and low cost in view of the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to facilitate popularization application.
本实用新型解决该技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种基于直流光伏模块的光伏发电系统拓扑结构，包括直流光伏模块、GPRS模块、直流母线、逆变器、储能装置变换器、储能装置、交流母线、智能双向电表、交流负载。所述直流光伏模块与所述直流母线相连；所述储能装置变换器一端与所述直流母线相连，另一端与所述储能装置相连；所述逆变器一端与所述直流母线相连，另一端与所述交流母线相连；所述交流负载与所述交流母线相连；所述智能双向电表一端与所述交流母线相连，另一端与电网连接。The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: a photovoltaic power generation system topology based on DC photovoltaic modules, including DC photovoltaic modules, GPRS modules, DC bus bars, inverters, energy storage device converters, energy storage Devices, AC busbars, smart two-way meters, and AC loads. The DC photovoltaic module is connected to the DC bus; one end of the converter of the energy storage device is connected to the DC bus, and the other end is connected to the energy storage device; one end of the inverter is connected to the DC bus, The other end is connected to the AC bus; the AC load is connected to the AC bus; one end of the intelligent bidirectional electric meter is connected to the AC bus, and the other end is connected to the power grid.
所述直流光伏模块由光伏组件、直流微型变换器、通信模块组成，所述直流微型变换器一端与所述光伏组件相连，另一端与所述直流母线相连，所述直流微型变换器为升压回路，可直接将所述光伏组件的输出电压升高至所需电压（如800V或400V），它连接有自身的控制回路，所述控制回路与所述通信模块相连，实现直流升压、最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和通信功能，彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，大大提高发电效率。The DC photovoltaic module is composed of a photovoltaic module, a DC micro-converter, and a communication module. One end of the DC micro-converter is connected to the photovoltaic module, and the other end is connected to the DC bus. The DC micro-converter is a booster The loop can directly increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module to the required voltage (such as 800V or 400V). Power point tracking (MPPT) and communication functions can completely solve the hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., and greatly improve power generation efficiency.
进一步地，将光伏发电系统中所有的所述直流光伏模块作为基本单元进行并联，且均与所述直流母线相连，将电能输送、汇至所述直流母线。Further, all the DC photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic power generation system are connected in parallel as basic units, and are all connected to the DC bus, so as to transmit and sink electric energy to the DC bus.
进一步地，将光伏发电系统中所有的所述直流光伏模块分为若干组；每组含有n个所述直流光伏模块（其中n≤255）和一个所述GPRS模块，每个所述直流光伏模块均通过其通信模块与本组的所述GPRS模块相连；所述GPRS模块与上位机实现无线通信，采集并上传直流光伏模块的状态信息，实现直流光伏模块的状态监控与故障诊断，方便系统维护。Further, all the DC photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic power generation system are divided into several groups; each group contains n DC photovoltaic modules (where n≤255) and one GPRS module, and each DC photovoltaic module All are connected to the GPRS module of this group through its communication module; the GPRS module realizes wireless communication with the host computer, collects and uploads the status information of the DC photovoltaic module, realizes the status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the DC photovoltaic module, and facilitates system maintenance .
所述储能装置变换器为双向变换器，实现储能装置的充放电管理和直流母线稳压功能，并通过RS485总线与上位机实现通信。The energy storage device converter is a bidirectional converter, which realizes the charge and discharge management of the energy storage device and the DC bus voltage stabilization function, and realizes communication with the host computer through the RS485 bus.
所述逆变器实现直流母线稳压以及光伏发电系统的离网运行与并网运行状态之间切换功能，并通过RS485总线与上位机实现通信。The inverter realizes the voltage stabilization of the DC bus and the switching function between the off-grid operation and the grid-connected operation state of the photovoltaic power generation system, and realizes communication with the upper computer through the RS485 bus.
本实用新型的有益效果是：1）直流光伏模块直接将光伏组件的输出电压升高至所需电压（如800V或400V），直接与直流母线相连，然后通过逆变器直接将直流电能变换为交流电能，无需汇流箱；2）采用无线及有线通信方式采集每个直流光伏模块的状态信息，以实现各个直流光伏模块状态监控与故障诊断，方便系统维护；3）具有系统可靠性高、控制更加灵活简便、抗局部阴影和组件电气参数失配能力强、能量转化效率高、适用范围广等优势，可彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，大大提高整个光伏发电系统的发电效率，实现了任何光照条件下，特别是不匹配光照条件下光伏发电系统发电效率最大化；4）结构简单、易于施工、成本经济，便于推广应用，尤其适合于分布式光伏电站。The beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1) The DC photovoltaic module directly raises the output voltage of the photovoltaic module to the required voltage (such as 800V or 400V), directly connects with the DC bus, and then directly converts the DC power into AC power, without combiner box; 2) Use wireless and wired communication to collect the status information of each DC photovoltaic module, so as to realize the status monitoring and fault diagnosis of each DC photovoltaic module, and facilitate system maintenance; 3) High system reliability, control It is more flexible and simple, has strong resistance to local shadows and component electrical parameter mismatch, high energy conversion efficiency, and wide application range. It can completely solve the hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., and greatly improve the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic power generation system. Under any lighting conditions, especially under unmatched lighting conditions, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system is maximized; 4) The structure is simple, easy to construct, cost-effective, and easy to promote and apply, especially suitable for distributed photovoltaic power plants.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图为本实用新型拓扑结构的示意图。Accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of the utility model topological structure.
其中，1-直流光伏模块；2-GPRS模块；3-直流母线；4-逆变器；5-储能装置变换器；6-储能装置；7-交流母线；8-智能双向电表；9-交流负载；10-交流电网。Among them, 1-DC photovoltaic module; 2-GPRS module; 3-DC bus; 4-inverter; 5-energy storage device converter; 6-energy storage device; 7-AC bus; 8-smart two-way meter; - AC load; 10 - AC grid.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本实用新型作进一步详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
如附图所示，本实用新型一种基于直流光伏模块的光伏发电系统拓扑结构，包括直流光伏模块1、GPRS模块2、直流母线3、逆变器4、储能装置变换器5、储能装置6、交流母线7、智能双向电表8、交流负载9。直流光伏模块1与直流母线3相连；储能装置变换器5一端与直流母线3相连，另一端与储能装置6相连；逆变器4的一端与直流母线3相连，另一端与交流母线7相连，将直流电能变换为交流电能，并输送至交流母线7；交流负载9与交流母线7相连获取电能；智能双向电表8的一端与交流母线7相连，另一端与电网10连接，实现电能的双向计量。光伏发电系统首先确保给交流负载9供电，如果光伏发电系统的发电量高于交流负载9的用电量，则多余的电能可馈给电网10；如果发电量低于交流负载9的用电量，则由电网10补充，给交流负载9馈电。As shown in the drawings, the utility model is a photovoltaic power generation system topology based on DC photovoltaic modules, including a DC photovoltaic module 1, a GPRS module 2, a DC bus 3, an inverter 4, an energy storage device converter 5, an energy storage Device 6, AC busbar 7, intelligent two-way electric meter 8, AC load 9. The DC photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the DC bus 3; one end of the energy storage device converter 5 is connected to the DC bus 3, and the other end is connected to the energy storage device 6; one end of the inverter 4 is connected to the DC bus 3, and the other end is connected to the AC bus 7 The DC power is converted into AC power and delivered to the AC bus 7; the AC load 9 is connected to the AC bus 7 to obtain power; one end of the smart two-way meter 8 is connected to the AC bus 7, and the other end is connected to the power grid 10 to realize power distribution. Two-way metering. The photovoltaic power generation system first ensures power supply to the AC load 9, if the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system is higher than the power consumption of the AC load 9, the excess electric energy can be fed to the grid 10; if the power generation is lower than the power consumption of the AC load 9 , it is supplemented by the grid 10 to feed the AC load 9 .
所述直流光伏模块1由光伏组件PV、直流微型变换器MC、通信模块组成，所述直流微型变换器MC一端与所述光伏组件PV相连，另一端与直流母线3相连，所述直流微型变换器MC为升压回路，可直接将光伏组件PV的输出电压升高至所需电压（如800V或400V），它连接有自身的控制回路，所述控制回路与所述通信模块相连，实现直流升压、最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和通信功能，彻底解决阴影等形成的热斑效应，大大提高系统发电效率。The DC photovoltaic module 1 is composed of a photovoltaic module PV, a DC micro-converter MC, and a communication module. One end of the DC micro-converter MC is connected to the photovoltaic module PV, and the other end is connected to the DC bus 3. The DC micro-converter The converter MC is a boost circuit, which can directly increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module PV to the required voltage (such as 800V or 400V). It is connected with its own control circuit, and the control circuit is connected with the communication module to realize DC Boost, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and communication functions can completely solve the hot spot effect formed by shadows, etc., and greatly improve the power generation efficiency of the system.
进一步地，将系统中所有的直流光伏模块1作为基本单元进行并联，且均与直流母线3相连，将电能输送、汇至直流母线3。Further, all the DC photovoltaic modules 1 in the system are connected in parallel as basic units, and are all connected to the DC bus 3 to transmit and sink electric energy to the DC bus 3 .
进一步地，将系统中所有直流光伏模块1分为N组；每组含有n个直流光伏模块1（其中n≤255）和一个GPRS模块2，每个直流光伏模块1均通过其通信模块与本组的GPRS模块2相连；所述GPRS模块2与上位机实现无线通信，采集并上传直流光伏模块1的状态信息，实现直流光伏模块1状态监控与故障诊断，方便系统维护。Further, all DC photovoltaic modules 1 in the system are divided into N groups; each group contains n DC photovoltaic modules 1 (where n≤255) and a GPRS module 2, and each DC photovoltaic module 1 communicates with this The GPRS module 2 of the group is connected; the GPRS module 2 realizes wireless communication with the host computer, collects and uploads the status information of the DC photovoltaic module 1, realizes the status monitoring and fault diagnosis of the DC photovoltaic module 1, and facilitates system maintenance.
储能装置变换器5为双向变换器，实现储能装置6的充放电管理和直流母线3稳压功能，并通过RS485总线与上位机实现通信。The energy storage device converter 5 is a bidirectional converter, which realizes the charge and discharge management of the energy storage device 6 and the voltage stabilization function of the DC bus 3, and communicates with the host computer through the RS485 bus.
逆变器4实现直流母线3稳压以及光伏发电系统的离网运行与并网运行状态之间切换功能，并通过RS485总线与上位机实现通信。The inverter 4 realizes the voltage stabilization of the DC bus 3 and the switching function between the off-grid operation and the grid-connected operation state of the photovoltaic power generation system, and realizes communication with the upper computer through the RS485 bus.
除上述实施例外，本实用新型还可以有其它实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本实用新型要求的保护范围。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the utility model can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the utility model.
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| CN201520097954.9UCN204465446U (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | A photovoltaic power generation system topology based on DC photovoltaic modules |
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| CN201520097954.9UCN204465446U (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | A photovoltaic power generation system topology based on DC photovoltaic modules |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104682859A (en)* | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-03 | 曲阜师范大学 | Topological structure of photovoltaic power generation system based on DC photovoltaic module |
| CN106788140A (en)* | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 合肥聚能新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of modularization common DC bus photovoltaic energy storage system |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104682859A (en)* | 2015-02-12 | 2015-06-03 | 曲阜师范大学 | Topological structure of photovoltaic power generation system based on DC photovoltaic module |
| CN106788140A (en)* | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 合肥聚能新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of modularization common DC bus photovoltaic energy storage system |
| CN106788140B (en)* | 2017-01-20 | 2018-08-28 | 合肥聚能新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of modularization common DC bus photovoltaic energy storage system |
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