技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于太阳能利用领域，尤其涉及一种太阳追踪定位装置。The utility model belongs to the field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a sun tracking and positioning device.
背景技术Background technique
人类社会的发展伴随着能源的利用，随着传统化石能源等不可再生能源储量的日益衰竭和对环境的污染日益恶化，太阳能作为用之不歇的清洁能源越来越受到社会的关注。目前对太阳能的利用主要是将光能转换为热能和电能，即光热和光伏两大领域。The development of human society is accompanied by the utilization of energy. With the depletion of traditional fossil energy and other non-renewable energy reserves and the deterioration of environmental pollution, solar energy, as an endless clean energy, has attracted more and more attention from the society. At present, the utilization of solar energy is mainly to convert light energy into thermal energy and electric energy, that is, two major fields of photothermal and photovoltaic.
为了提高太阳能的利用效率，尤其聚光光伏和聚光光热的发展，需要追踪太阳来提高太阳能利用率，人们对太阳能追踪系统的研究取得了一定进展，太阳能追踪系统由太阳定位装置、控制装置和执行装置组成，但现有的太阳追踪定位装置尚不完善限制了行业的发展，现有太阳追踪产品主要有以下缺陷：1、精度低。2、成本高。3、受天气、地理位置等环境因素影响大。因此需要一套完善的太阳追踪定位装置来满足行业发展的需求。In order to improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, especially the development of concentrated photovoltaic and concentrated solar thermal, it is necessary to track the sun to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. People have made some progress in the research of solar tracking system. The solar tracking system consists of a sun positioning device and a control device. and executive device, but the existing solar tracking positioning device is not perfect, which limits the development of the industry. The existing solar tracking products mainly have the following defects: 1. Low precision. 2. High cost. 3. It is greatly affected by environmental factors such as weather and geographical location. Therefore, a complete set of sun tracking and positioning devices is needed to meet the needs of industry development.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种安装方便、追踪精度高、成本低、稳定可靠、寿命长、不受天气和地理位置影响的太阳追踪定位装置。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a solar tracking and positioning device which is easy to install, has high tracking precision, low cost, is stable and reliable, has a long service life, and is not affected by weather and geographical location.
实现本实用新型目的的技术解决方案为：The technical solution to realize the purpose of this utility model is:
一种太阳追踪定位装置，包括底板、垂直于底板且水平均匀分布的多个遮光板组成的遮光板组、固定在遮光板组两侧及遮光板组下方的三个光电传感器，遮光板组中相邻的两个遮光板之间的距离相同且远小于遮光板的长和宽，遮光板组两侧光电传感器几何参数和光电参数相同，遮光板组两侧光电传感器几何尺寸远小于遮光板的长和宽紧靠遮光板组和底板安装，遮光板组下方光电传感器在遮光板组最外侧两个遮光板之间，使本装置绕着与底板和遮光板都平行的轴线转动，通过遮光板组两侧光电传感器探测需要追踪太阳的方向，当阳光与遮光板组不平行时阳光被遮光板组挡住，当阳光与遮光板平行时，光线透过遮光板组照射到遮光板下面的光电传感器上，光电传感器信号突变达到在绕轴线旋转的方向对太阳的精确追踪即单轴追踪，通过两套此太阳追踪定位装置在平行于底板的平面旋转90度分开安装实现对太阳水平方向和俯仰方向精确定位即双轴追踪。A sun tracking and positioning device, comprising a base plate, a shading plate group composed of a plurality of shading plates perpendicular to the base plate and evenly distributed horizontally, three photoelectric sensors fixed on both sides of the shading plate group and below the shading plate group, in the shading plate group The distance between two adjacent shading plates is the same and much smaller than the length and width of the shading plates. The geometric parameters and photoelectric parameters of the photoelectric sensors on both sides of the shading plate group are the same, and the geometric dimensions of the photoelectric sensors on both sides of the shading plate group are much smaller than the length and width of the shading plates. The length and width are installed close to the shading plate group and the bottom plate. The photoelectric sensor under the shading plate group is between the two outermost shading plates of the shading plate group, so that the device rotates around the axis parallel to the bottom plate and the shading plate, and passes through the shading plate. The photoelectric sensors on both sides of the group need to track the direction of the sun. When the sunlight is not parallel to the visor group, the sunlight is blocked by the visor group. When the sun is parallel to the visor group, the light passes through the visor group and shines on the photoelectric sensor under the visor. Above, the sudden change of the photoelectric sensor signal achieves precise tracking of the sun in the direction of rotation around the axis, that is, single-axis tracking. Two sets of this sun tracking positioning device are installed separately and rotated 90 degrees on a plane parallel to the bottom plate to realize the horizontal direction and pitch direction of the sun. Precise positioning is dual-axis tracking.
本实用新型与现有技术相比，其显著优点：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has significant advantages:
本实用新型太阳追踪定位装置采用比较光电参数可确定太阳方向，避免反复定位，光线与遮光板成一个很小的角度遮光板组下光电传感器就会被全部遮住，通过遮光板组下光电传感器的电流或电压突变来精确定位太阳位置，制作、安装方便，不受天气和地理位置影响，保证采光装置及聚光装置始终接受太阳直射，大大提高太阳能的利用率。The sun tracking and positioning device of the utility model can determine the direction of the sun by comparing the photoelectric parameters, avoiding repeated positioning, and the light and the shading plate form a small angle. The sudden change of current or voltage can accurately locate the position of the sun. It is easy to manufacture and install, and it is not affected by weather and geographical location. It ensures that the lighting device and the concentrating device always receive direct sunlight, and greatly improves the utilization rate of solar energy.
下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细描述。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型实施例1的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
图2是本实用新型实施例2的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种太阳追踪定位装置，包括底板1，遮光板组2，光电传感器3，光电传感器4，光电传感器5，遮光板组2垂直设置于底板1上，光电传感器3和光电传感器5设置在遮光板组2两侧，光电传感器4设置在遮光板组2的正下方。水平方向或俯仰方向单方向追踪即单轴追踪需要一套此太阳追踪定位装置，安装时遮光板组2要平行于太阳能利用装置的旋转轴线，水平方向和俯仰方向两个方向追踪即双轴追踪需要两套此太阳追踪定位装置，安装时和遮光板组2要平行于相应方向的旋转轴线。A sun tracking and positioning device, comprising a base plate 1, a shading plate set 2, a photoelectric sensor 3, a photoelectric sensor 4, and a photoelectric sensor 5, the shading plate set 2 is vertically arranged on the base plate 1, and the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are arranged on the shading plate On both sides of the group 2, the photoelectric sensor 4 is arranged directly under the shading plate group 2. Single-direction tracking in the horizontal or pitch direction, that is, single-axis tracking, requires a set of this sun tracking positioning device. When installing, the visor group 2 should be parallel to the rotation axis of the solar energy utilization device, and two-way tracking in the horizontal and pitch directions, that is, dual-axis tracking Two sets of this sun tracking positioning device are needed, and when installed, the shading plate group 2 should be parallel to the axis of rotation in the corresponding direction.
遮光板组2中的遮光板几何尺寸相同，遮光板组2中的相邻两个遮光板之间的距离相同，每个遮光板相互平行，遮光板之间透明或无遮挡。The shading plates in the shading plate group 2 have the same geometric dimensions, the distance between two adjacent shading plates in the shading plate group 2 is the same, each shading plate is parallel to each other, and the shading plates are transparent or unblocked.
光电传感器3和光电传感器5几何尺寸及光电参数相同，光电传感器3和光电传感器5设置于紧靠遮光板组2的两侧，光电传感器3和光电传感器5与遮光板组2的距离相同，光板组后光电传感器3和光电传感器5与底板1的距离相同。The photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 have the same geometric dimensions and photoelectric parameters. The photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are arranged on both sides close to the shading plate group 2. The distance between the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 and the shading plate group 2 is the same. The distance between the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 and the base plate 1 after the group is the same.
光电传感器4设置在遮光板组最外侧两个遮光板之间。The photoelectric sensor 4 is arranged between the two outermost shading plates of the shading plate group.
本实用新型的工作原理如下。The working principle of the present utility model is as follows.
光的直线传播原理，遮光板组的相邻遮光板之间距离很小能挡住与遮光板倾斜方向的光线，使被挡住光线照射不到遮光板组的底部，光线与相互垂直两个平面均平行时光线垂直于与两平面均垂直的底面。According to the principle of linear propagation of light, the distance between the adjacent shading plates of the shading plate group is very small, which can block the light in the direction inclined to the shading plate, so that the blocked light cannot reach the bottom of the shading plate group, and the light is equal to the two planes perpendicular to each other. When parallel, the ray is perpendicular to the bottom surface which is perpendicular to both planes.
设置一套本太阳追踪定位装置对太阳水平方向追踪，遮光板组平行于水平方向追踪轴线，当光线以不平行于遮光板的一个角度照射到本太阳追踪定位装置时，遮光板组都会遮住部分光线，光电传感器3和光电传感器5接受太阳光照面积不同，产生不同的电流或电压，从而可以判断太阳位于遮光板组产生电流或电压大的光电传感器一侧，控制装置可根据此信号控制执行装置向相应方向转动，随着装置转动，光线逐渐接近平行于遮光板，光电传感器3和光电传感器5产生电流或电压的差值逐渐减小，此时光电传感器4依然完全被遮光板组遮住，当光线与遮光板的角度小于装置最大误差角度（根据遮光板组相邻两个遮光板的距离与光电传感器4到遮光板边缘的距离的比值，求反正切可计算到阳光能照到光电传感器4的最大误差角度即装置的最大误差角度）时，光电传感器4的电流或电压会突然变大，控制装置控制执行装置停止转动，此时即可认为光线与遮光板平行，即此位置就是在水平方向的定位位置。Set up a set of this sun tracking positioning device to track the sun in the horizontal direction, and the shading plate group is parallel to the horizontal direction tracking axis. When the light irradiates the sun tracking positioning device at an angle that is not parallel to the shading plate, the shading plate group will cover For part of the light, photoelectric sensor 3 and photoelectric sensor 5 receive different areas of sunlight and generate different currents or voltages, so that it can be judged that the sun is located on the side of the photoelectric sensor that generates a large current or voltage in the shading plate group, and the control device can control and execute according to this signal The device rotates in the corresponding direction. As the device rotates, the light gradually approaches parallel to the light shielding plate, and the difference between the current or voltage generated by the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 gradually decreases. At this time, the photoelectric sensor 4 is still completely covered by the light shielding plate group. , when the angle between the light and the shading plate is less than the maximum error angle of the device (according to the ratio of the distance between two adjacent shading plates of the shading plate group and the distance from the photoelectric sensor 4 to the edge of the shading plate, the arc tangent can be calculated until the sunlight can reach the photoelectric When the maximum error angle of the sensor 4 is the maximum error angle of the device), the current or voltage of the photoelectric sensor 4 will suddenly increase, and the control device controls the actuator to stop rotating. At this time, it can be considered that the light is parallel to the light shield, that is, this position The positioning position in the horizontal direction.
另设置一套本太阳追踪定位装置对太阳俯仰方向追踪，遮光板组平行于俯仰方向追踪轴线，当光线以不平行于遮光板的一个角度照射到本太阳追踪定位装置时，遮光板组都会遮住部分光线，光电传感器3和光电传感器5接受太阳光照面积不同，产生不同的电流或电压，从而可以判断太阳位于遮光板组产生电流或电压大的光电传感器一侧，控制装置可根据此信号控制执行装置向相应方向转动，随着装置转动，光线逐渐接近平行于遮光板，光电传感器3和光电传感器5产生电流或电压的差值逐渐减小，此时光电传感器4依然完全被遮住，当光线与遮光板的角度小于装置最大误差角度（根据遮光板组相邻两个遮光板的距离与光电传感器4到遮光板边缘的距离的比值，求反正切可计算到阳光能照到光电传感器4的最大误差角度即装置的最大误差角度）时，光电传感器4的电流或电压会突然变大，控制装置控制执行装置停止转动，此时即可认为光线与遮光板平行，即此位置就是在俯仰方向的定位位置。Another set of this sun tracking and positioning device is set to track the sun's pitching direction, and the shading plate group is parallel to the pitching direction to track the axis. Part of the light, the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 receive different sunlight areas and generate different currents or voltages, so that it can be judged that the sun is located on the side of the photoelectric sensor that generates a large current or voltage in the shading plate group, and the control device can control it according to this signal. The actuator rotates in the corresponding direction. As the device rotates, the light gradually approaches parallel to the shading plate, and the difference between the current or voltage generated by the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 gradually decreases. At this time, the photoelectric sensor 4 is still completely covered. The angle between the light and the shading plate is smaller than the maximum error angle of the device (according to the ratio of the distance between two adjacent shading plates of the shading plate group and the distance from the photoelectric sensor 4 to the edge of the shading plate, the arc tangent can be calculated until the sunlight can reach the photoelectric sensor 4 When the maximum error angle of the device is the maximum error angle of the device), the current or voltage of the photoelectric sensor 4 will suddenly increase, and the control device will control the actuator to stop rotating. The location of the orientation.
当完成水平方向和俯仰方向对太阳的追踪定位时光线直射太阳能利用装置，完成对太阳的精确追踪定位。When the tracking and positioning of the sun in the horizontal direction and the pitch direction are completed, the light rays directly shine on the solar energy utilization device, and the precise tracking and positioning of the sun is completed.
本装置不受光线强度影响，当阴天时或突然一朵云彩遮住阳光时，光线变弱，但通过比较光电传感器3和光电传感器5的电压或电流数值依然可以判断出太阳位于与遮光板组的哪一侧，得出追踪太阳的方向，光电传感器4完全被遮住时电流或电压非常小，当光线与遮光板平行时，光电传感器4电流或电压亦可突变达到精确追踪定位太阳位置的目的。This device is not affected by the intensity of light. When it is cloudy or suddenly a cloud covers the sun, the light becomes weaker, but by comparing the voltage or current values of the photoelectric sensor 3 and photoelectric sensor 5, it can still be judged that the sun is in the same position as the shading plate. Which side of the sun can be obtained to track the direction of the sun. When the photoelectric sensor 4 is completely covered, the current or voltage is very small. When the light is parallel to the shading plate, the current or voltage of the photoelectric sensor 4 can also be mutated to accurately track the position of the sun. Purpose.
光线阴暗到不适合太阳能利用装置工作时，即光电传感器3和光电传感器5的电压或电流数值中较大的一个数值小于某一限值时，控制装置控制太阳能利用装置停止转动，降低转动耗能，不用复位，等光线强度恢复时直接重新开始追踪。When the light is so dark that it is not suitable for the solar energy utilization device to work, that is, when the larger value of the voltage or current value of the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 is less than a certain limit value, the control device controls the solar energy utilization device to stop rotating to reduce the energy consumption of rotation , no need to reset, and restart tracking directly when the light intensity recovers.
不受太阳运动轨迹影响，水平方向和俯仰方向的太阳追踪定位装置可同时接受控制装置驱动执行装置进行转动，完成水平和俯仰两个方向同时定位。Not affected by the trajectory of the sun, the sun tracking positioning device in the horizontal direction and the pitch direction can receive the control device to drive the actuator to rotate at the same time, and complete the simultaneous positioning of the horizontal and pitch directions.
实施例1Example 1
一种太阳追踪定位装置，包括底板1，遮光板组2，光电传感器3，光电传感器4，光电传感器5，其中遮光板组2的相邻遮光板之间通过相同厚度的垫片固定在一起，两侧遮光板为L型板材，垂直设置在底板1上，光电传感器3、光电传感器4和光电传感器5设置在底板1上，分别设置在遮光板组2的后方、正下方和前方。遮光板都设置成半径200毫米的半圆形，垫片厚度为0.3毫米，由多个遮光板构成遮光板组2，相邻遮光板之间的距离为垫片厚度即0.3毫米，遮光板保持平行，光电传感器均采用边长为20毫米的正方形光伏电池板，其中光电传感器3和光电传感器5的光电参数相同，光电传感器3和光电传感器5紧靠最外侧遮光板，光电传感器4设置在遮光板组2最外侧两个遮光板之间。安装时遮光板组2与太阳能利用装置的水平或俯仰方向的旋转轴线保持平行，由遮光板间距0.3毫米/遮光板的半径200毫米等于0.0015，求0.0015的反正切得到本装置在水平方向和俯仰方向的最大误差角度都为0.086度。A sun tracking positioning device, comprising a bottom plate 1, a shading plate group 2, a photoelectric sensor 3, a photoelectric sensor 4, and a photoelectric sensor 5, wherein the adjacent shading plates of the shading plate group 2 are fixed together by gaskets of the same thickness, The shading plates on both sides are L-shaped plates, which are vertically arranged on the base plate 1, and the photoelectric sensor 3, the photoelectric sensor 4 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are arranged on the base plate 1, and are respectively arranged behind, directly below and in front of the shading plate group 2. The shading plates are all arranged in a semicircle with a radius of 200 mm, and the thickness of the gasket is 0.3 mm. The shading plate group 2 is composed of a plurality of shading plates. The distance between adjacent shading plates is the thickness of the gasket, which is 0.3 mm. Parallel, the photoelectric sensors all use square photovoltaic panels with a side length of 20 mm, wherein the photoelectric parameters of the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are the same, the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are close to the outermost shading plate, and the photoelectric sensor 4 is set on the shading plate. Between the two outermost shading plates of plate group 2. During installation, the shading plate group 2 is parallel to the rotation axis of the horizontal or pitch direction of the solar energy utilization device, and the distance between the shading plates is 0.3 mm/the radius of the shading plate is 200 mm, which is equal to 0.0015, and the arc tangent of 0.0015 is obtained to obtain the horizontal direction and pitch of the device. The maximum error angle of the direction is 0.086 degrees.
实施例2Example 2
一种太阳追踪定位装置，包括底板1，遮光板组2，光电传感器3，光电传感器4，光电传感器5，其中遮光板组2的相邻遮光板之间通过相同厚度的垫片固定在一起，两侧遮光板为L型板材，垂直设置在地板1上，光电传感器3、光电传感器4和光电传感器5设置在底板1上，分别设置在遮光板组2的后方、正下方和前方。遮光板都设置成长200毫米高为100毫米的长方形，垫片厚度为0.5毫米，由多个遮光板构成遮光板组2，相邻遮光板之间的距离为垫片厚度即0.5毫米，遮光板保持平行，光电传感器采用长为30毫米宽为20毫米的长方形光伏电池板，其中光电传感器3和光电传感器5的光电参数相同，光电传感器3和光电传感器5紧靠最外侧遮光板，长30毫米的边长和遮光板平行，光电传感器4设置在遮光板组2最外侧两个遮光板之间，设置两套本太阳追踪定位装置，安装时其中一套太阳追踪定位装置的遮光板组2与太阳能利用装置的水平方向的旋转轴线保持平行，另一套太阳追踪定位装置的遮光板组2与太阳能利用装置的俯仰方向的旋转轴线保持平行，由遮光板间距0.5mm/遮光板高度100mm（或者遮光板长/2）等于0.005，求0.005的反正切得到本装置在水平方向或者俯仰方向的最大误差角度为0.2865度。A sun tracking positioning device, comprising a bottom plate 1, a shading plate group 2, a photoelectric sensor 3, a photoelectric sensor 4, and a photoelectric sensor 5, wherein the adjacent shading plates of the shading plate group 2 are fixed together by gaskets of the same thickness, The shading plates on both sides are L-shaped plates, which are vertically arranged on the floor 1. The photoelectric sensor 3, the photoelectric sensor 4 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are arranged on the bottom plate 1, and are respectively arranged behind, directly below and in front of the shading plate group 2. The visors are all set to a rectangle with a length of 200 mm and a height of 100 mm, and the thickness of the spacer is 0.5 mm. The visor group 2 is composed of a plurality of visors. The distance between adjacent visors is the thickness of the spacer, which is 0.5 mm. Keep parallel, the photoelectric sensor adopts a rectangular photovoltaic panel with a length of 30 mm and a width of 20 mm, wherein the photoelectric parameters of the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are the same, and the photoelectric sensor 3 and the photoelectric sensor 5 are close to the outermost light-shielding plate, and the length is 30 mm The length of the side is parallel to the shading plate, the photoelectric sensor 4 is arranged between the two outermost shading plates of the shading plate group 2, and two sets of this sun tracking positioning device are set, and the shading plate group 2 of one of the sun tracking positioning devices is installed with The axis of rotation in the horizontal direction of the solar energy utilization device is kept parallel, and the visor group 2 of the other sun tracking positioning device is kept parallel to the axis of rotation in the pitch direction of the solar energy utilization device. The length of the shading plate/2) is equal to 0.005, and the arc tangent of 0.005 is calculated to obtain that the maximum error angle of the device in the horizontal direction or the pitch direction is 0.2865 degrees.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520174906.5UCN204440174U (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | A kind of solar tracking locating device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520174906.5UCN204440174U (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | A kind of solar tracking locating device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN204440174Utrue CN204440174U (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520174906.5UExpired - LifetimeCN204440174U (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | A kind of solar tracking locating device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106155100A (en)* | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 潘亚强 | A kind of solar tracking positioner |
| CN109308079A (en)* | 2018-08-21 | 2019-02-05 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | A kind of shading type solar-cell panel support system for automatically regulating angles |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106155100A (en)* | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 潘亚强 | A kind of solar tracking positioner |
| CN109308079A (en)* | 2018-08-21 | 2019-02-05 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | A kind of shading type solar-cell panel support system for automatically regulating angles |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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