技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种用于石油、矿山、地质钻探及地热开采等领域的单牙轮钻头，特别是一种基于非平面结合的PDC加强齿的单牙轮钻头。The utility model relates to a single-cone drill bit used in the fields of petroleum, mining, geological drilling, geothermal exploitation and the like, in particular to a single-cone drill bit based on non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth.
背景技术Background technique
单牙轮钻头以较高的机械钻速获得钻井界的青睐，并成为小井眼、侧钻及深井钻井提速中的主选钻头。目前应用的单牙轮钻头主要由牙轮和钻头体等部分组成，牙轮上的切削齿一般采用硬质合金镶齿，呈纵排或螺旋形布置于牙轮上。单牙轮钻头主要依赖牙齿的刮挤、剪切加扭切方式破碎岩石，牙齿以变角度压入岩石；牙轮上不同位置的齿在井底形成网状的刮切运动轨迹，从而完成对井底岩石的全面覆盖。刮切的破岩方式要求单牙轮钻头的牙齿具有较强的耐磨性，但是牙轮上的牙齿一般为硬质合金镶齿，牙齿的耐磨能力不足，因此，牙齿的磨损寿命较短是制约单牙轮钻头使用寿命的主要因素。PDC钻头主要以刮挤、剪切方式破碎岩石，牙齿以定角度切入破碎岩石，PDC切削齿的主要组成部分是聚晶金刚石复合片，一般为圆柱形，PDC齿出色的耐磨性使切削齿刃口的钝化速度大大减缓。室内实验研究表明：普通的PDC齿直接应用于单牙轮钻头有缺陷，其原因是不能克服单牙轮钻头在变角度切削过程中产生的平行于滚压面的剪切力，这会导致普通PDC齿的复合片与硬质合金基体剥离。中国专利CN2011202987359，公开了一种聚晶金刚石复合片与硬质合金非平面结合的加强齿，其由聚晶金刚石复合片和硬质合金基体组成，该加强齿内部呈非平面啮合结构，聚晶金刚石复合片由上层的圆柱形区和下层呈V形的异形区组成，从而使切削齿具有高抗剪能力，极大地减小了使复合片剥离的剪切力。The single-cone bit has won the favor of the drilling industry for its high ROP, and has become the main bit for slimhole, sidetracking and deep well drilling. The currently used single-cone drill bit is mainly composed of a cone and a bit body. The cutting teeth on the cone generally adopt cemented carbide inserts, which are arranged on the cone in a vertical row or in a spiral shape. The single-cone bit mainly relies on the scraping, shearing and twisting of the teeth to break the rock, and the teeth are pressed into the rock at varying angles; the teeth at different positions on the cone form a network-like scraping movement track at the bottom of the well, thereby completing the drill bit. Comprehensive coverage of well bottom rock. The rock-breaking method of scraping requires that the teeth of the single cone bit have strong wear resistance, but the teeth on the cone are generally hard alloy inserts, and the wear resistance of the teeth is insufficient, so the wear life of the teeth is short It is the main factor restricting the service life of single cone bit. The PDC bit mainly breaks the rock by scraping and shearing, and the teeth cut into the broken rock at a fixed angle. The main component of the PDC cutting tooth is a polycrystalline diamond composite sheet, which is generally cylindrical. The excellent wear resistance of the PDC tooth makes the cutting tooth The passivation speed of the cutting edge is greatly slowed down. Indoor experimental research shows that ordinary PDC teeth are directly applied to single-cone bits. The composite sheet of the PDC tooth is peeled off from the cemented carbide substrate. Chinese patent CN2011202987359 discloses a reinforced tooth with non-planar combination of polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and hard alloy. It is composed of polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and hard alloy matrix. The diamond composite sheet is composed of a cylindrical area on the upper layer and a V-shaped special-shaped area on the lower layer, so that the cutting teeth have high shear resistance and greatly reduce the shear force that makes the composite sheet peel off.
但单牙轮钻头失效的主要形式仍是牙齿的先期过度磨损和切削“死点”。目前使用的硬质合金齿的单牙轮钻头，只能应用于较软地层，对于碳酸盐、石英含量高的硬及研磨性地层，其先期磨损相当严重，寿命极短。因此，研究抗磨性强、岩性适应性更广泛的单牙轮钻头，不仅是提高单牙轮钻头寿命和小井眼侧钻及深井提速的当务之急，而且也对今后相关学科研究有着重要的参考价值。However, the main form of failure of the single-cone bit is still the early excessive wear of the teeth and the cutting "dead point". The single-cone drill bits with cemented carbide teeth currently used can only be used in relatively soft formations. For hard and abrasive formations with high carbonate and quartz content, the early wear is quite serious and the service life is extremely short. Therefore, the study of single-cone bits with strong wear resistance and wider lithology adaptability is not only an urgent task to improve the life of single-cone bits, sidetracking of slimholes and speed-up of deep wells, but also an important reference for future research on related disciplines value.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种提高耐磨性能、消除切削死点、延长使用寿命的基于非平面结合的PDC加强齿的单牙轮钻头。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a single-cone drill bit based on non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth that improves wear resistance, eliminates cutting dead spots, and prolongs service life.
本实用新型的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种基于非平面结合的PDC加强齿的单牙轮钻头，它包括钻头本体和牙轮，牙轮布齿面为半径为R的球形面，牙轮轴线与钻头本体轴线间存在夹角β，牙轮上具有与钻头本体相配合的牙轮端面，牙轮中心到牙轮端面的距离为L，以牙轮布齿面上任意一点到牙轮端面的垂直距离为hm，所述的牙轮布齿面上纵向设置有至少五个布齿带，布齿带呈螺旋状或直条状，布齿带上设有齿孔，牙轮布齿面包括主切削区和辅助切削区，牙轮布齿面上L-Rsinβ≤hm≤L+Rsinβ的点形成区域为主切削区，牙轮布齿面上hm≥L+Rsinβ的点形成区域为辅助切削区，布齿带上位于主切削区内的齿孔内镶焊有非平面结合的PDC加强齿，布齿带上位于辅助切削区内的齿孔内镶有硬质合金锥球齿。The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: a single-cone drill bit based on non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth, which includes a drill body and a cone, and the tooth surface of the cone is a spherical surface with a radius of R. There is an angle β between the axis of the wheel and the axis of the drill body. The cone has a cone end face that matches the bit body. The distance from the center of the cone to the end face of the cone is L. The vertical distance between the end faces is hm , and at least five toothed belts are longitudinally arranged on the tooth surface of the toothed gear, and the toothed belts are in the shape of a spiral or a straight strip, and the toothed belts are provided with tooth holes. The tooth surface includes the main cutting zone and the auxiliary cutting zone. The point on the gear tooth surface of L-Rsinβ≤hm ≤L+Rsinβ forms the main cutting zone, and the point on the gear tooth surface of hm ≥ L+Rsinβ The forming area is the auxiliary cutting area, and the tooth holes located in the main cutting area on the cloth tooth belt are inlaid with non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth, and the tooth holes located in the auxiliary cutting area on the cloth tooth belt are inlaid with carbide cones. Ball teeth.
相邻布齿带上的齿孔沿牙轮轴线方向上呈相互交错布置。The tooth holes on adjacent toothed belts are arranged in a staggered manner along the axis of the cone.
所述的非平面结合的PDC加强齿的切削表面与布齿带纵向切面的夹角为5°～30°，非平面结合的PDC加强齿轴线与牙轮端面的夹角为0°～25°。The included angle between the cutting surface of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth and the longitudinal section of the cloth tooth belt is 5° to 30°, and the included angle between the axis of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth and the end surface of the cone is 0° to 25° .
所述的硬质合金锥球齿的法线垂直于牙轮布齿面。The normal line of the cemented carbide taper button is perpendicular to the gear tooth surface.
每个布齿带位于辅助切削区内的部分上至少设有一个齿孔。At least one tooth hole is provided on the part of each cloth tooth belt located in the auxiliary cutting area.
本实用新型具有以下优点：本实用新型改变了单牙轮钻头牙齿材料和形状，采用硬质合金锥球齿与非平面结合的PDC加强齿相搭配的牙齿，钻头形成的井眼以主切削区的非平面结合的PDC加强齿通过滚压+刮挤+扭切方式破岩，辅助切削区的硬质合金锥球齿以旋切方式配以水力射流参与破碎井底边缘区域的岩石，通过合理布置非平面结合的PDC加强齿在牙轮布齿带上的结构角度，使得主切削区的牙齿耐磨性更强，有利于提高牙齿的使用寿命，而且使得单牙轮钻头可以应用于较硬的研磨性地层。牙轮表面的布齿规律采用圈状交错布齿，消除了切削死点，提高了钻头的破岩效率。The utility model has the following advantages: the utility model changes the tooth material and shape of the single-cone drill bit, adopts the teeth matched with the hard alloy cone ball teeth and the non-planar PDC reinforced teeth, and the wellbore formed by the drill bit takes the main cutting area The non-planar combination of PDC reinforced teeth breaks rocks through rolling + scraping + torsion cutting. The cemented carbide cone teeth in the auxiliary cutting area are used in rotary cutting mode and equipped with hydraulic jets to participate in breaking rocks in the edge area of the bottom of the well. Through reasonable Arranging non-planar combined PDC to strengthen the structural angle of the teeth on the tooth belt of the cone, making the teeth in the main cutting area more wear-resistant, which is conducive to improving the service life of the teeth, and making the single-cone bit applicable to hard abrasive formations. The arrangement of teeth on the surface of the cone adopts a circular staggered arrangement of teeth, which eliminates cutting dead spots and improves the rock-breaking efficiency of the drill bit.
附图说明Description of drawings,,
图1 为本实用新型的结构示意图Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model
图2 为本实用新型的布齿面区域分布结构示意图Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the tooth surface area of the utility model
图3 为本实用新型的牙轮的结构示意图Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the toothed wheel of the present utility model
图4 为本实用新型的牙轮布齿定位点结构示意图Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning point of the tooth arrangement of the utility model
图5 为本实用新型的非平面结合的PDC加强齿的前倾角结构示意图Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the forward inclination angle structure of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth of the present invention
图6 为本实用新型的非平面结合的PDC加强齿的侧转角结构示意图Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the side corner structure of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth of the present invention
图中，1-钻头本体，2-牙轮，3-非平面结合的PDC加强齿，4-硬质合金锥球齿，5-布齿带，6-牙轮轴线，7-钻头本体轴线，8-牙轮端面，9-主切削区，10-辅助切削区，11-切削表面，12-非平面结合的PDC加强齿轴线。In the figure, 1-drill body, 2-cone, 3-non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth, 4-tungsten carbide taper button, 5-cloth belt, 6-cone axis, 7-drill body axis, 8-cone end face, 9-main cutting zone, 10-auxiliary cutting zone, 11-cutting surface, 12-non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth axis.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步的描述，本实用新型的保护范围不局限于以下所述：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described, and the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the following:
如图1所示，一种基于非平面结合的PDC加强齿的单牙轮钻头，它包括钻头本体1和牙轮2，牙轮2布齿面为半径为R的球形面，牙轮轴线6与钻头本体轴线7间存在夹角β，本实施例中夹角β为50°，牙轮2上具有与钻头本体1相配合的牙轮端面8，牙轮2中心到牙轮端面8的距离为L，本实施例中L为27.5mm，以牙轮2布齿面上任意一点到牙轮端面8的垂直距离为hm，牙轮2布齿面上纵向设置有至少五个布齿带5，布齿带5呈螺旋状或直条状，本实施例中牙轮2布齿面上纵向设置有七个布齿带5，如图1、图3所示，布齿带5上设有齿孔，牙轮2布齿面包括主切削区9和辅助切削区10，如图2所示，牙轮2布齿面上L-Rsinβ≤hm≤L+Rsinβ的点形成区域为主切削区9，牙轮2布齿面上hm≥L+Rsinβ的点形成区域为辅助切削区10，布齿带5上位于主切削区9内的齿孔内镶焊有非平面结合的PDC加强齿3，本实施例中，每个布齿带5上布置有3颗非平面结合的PDC加强齿3，布齿带5上位于辅助切削区10内的齿孔内镶有硬质合金锥球齿4，本实施例中硬质合金锥球齿4直径为12mm，齿高14mm，牙齿出露高度8mm。非平面结合的PDC加强齿3可采用中国专利CN2011202987359公开的聚晶金刚石复合片与硬质合金非平面结合的加强齿，本实施例中非平面结合的PDC加强齿3直径为14mm，齿高15.5mm，牙齿出露高度9mm。As shown in Figure 1, a single cone bit based on non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth, it includes a bit body 1 and a cone 2, the tooth surface of the cone 2 is a spherical surface with a radius R, and the axis of the cone is 6 There is an included angle β with the axis 7 of the drill body, and the included angle β is 50° in this embodiment, and the cone 2 has a cone end face 8 matched with the drill body 1, and the distance from the center of the cone 2 to the end face 8 of the cone L is L, in this embodiment L is 27.5mm, the vertical distance from any point on the tooth surface of the cone 2 to the end surface 8 of the cone is hm , at least five tooth belts are arranged longitudinally on the tooth surface of the cone 2 5. The toothed belt 5 is spiral or straight. In this embodiment, seven toothed belts 5 are arranged longitudinally on the toothed surface of the tooth wheel 2. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the toothed belt 5 is provided with There are tooth holes, the tooth surface of the cone 2 includes the main cutting zone 9 and the auxiliary cutting zone 10, as shown in Figure 2, the point formation area of L-Rsinβ≤hm ≤L+Rsinβ on the tooth surface of the cone 2 is mainly Cutting zone 9, the point formation area of hm ≥ L+Rsinβ on the gear tooth surface of the tooth wheel 2 is the auxiliary cutting zone 10, and the tooth hole on the tooth belt 5 located in the main cutting zone 9 is welded with a non-planar joint PDC Reinforced teeth 3, in this embodiment, three non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth 3 are arranged on each toothed belt 5, and the tooth holes located in the auxiliary cutting area 10 on the cloth toothed belt 5 are inlaid with carbide cones The button 4, in the present embodiment, the carbide taper button 4 has a diameter of 12mm, a tooth height of 14mm, and a tooth exposure height of 8mm. The non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth 3 can adopt the non-planar combined reinforced teeth of polycrystalline diamond composite sheet and cemented carbide disclosed in Chinese patent CN2011202987359. In this embodiment, the non-planar combined PDC reinforced teeth 3 have a diameter of 14 mm and a tooth height of 15.5 mm, the tooth exposure height is 9mm.
如图1、图3、图4所示，相邻布齿带5上的齿孔沿牙轮轴线6方向上呈相互交错布置。As shown in Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 , the tooth holes on adjacent toothed belts 5 are arranged in a staggered manner along the direction of the cone axis 6 .
所述的非平面结合的PDC加强齿3的切削表面11与布齿带5纵向切面的夹角为5°～30°，此夹角即为非平面结合的PDC加强齿3的前倾角，如图5所示，本实施例中所述的非平面结合的PDC加强齿3的切削表面11与布齿带5纵向切面的夹角为25°；非平面结合的PDC加强齿轴线12与牙轮端面8的夹角为0°～25°，此夹角即为非平面结合的PDC加强齿3的侧转角，如图6所示，本实施例中所述的非平面结合的PDC加强齿轴线12与牙轮端面8的夹角为5°。The included angle between the cutting surface 11 of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth 3 and the longitudinal section of the toothed belt 5 is 5° to 30°, and this included angle is the forward inclination angle of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth 3, such as As shown in Figure 5, the included angle between the cutting surface 11 of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth 3 described in this embodiment and the longitudinal section of the toothed belt 5 is 25°; the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth axis 12 and the gear tooth The included angle of the end surface 8 is 0°～25°, which is the side rotation angle of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth 3, as shown in Figure 6, the axis of the non-planar combined PDC reinforced tooth described in this embodiment The angle between 12 and the cone end face 8 is 5°.
所述的硬质合金锥球齿4的法线垂直于牙轮2布齿面。The normal line of the cemented carbide cone button 4 is perpendicular to the tooth surface of the gear wheel 2 .
每个布齿带5位于辅助切削区10内的部分上至少设有一个齿孔，如图1、图3所示，本实施例中每个布齿带5位于辅助切削区10内的部分上设有一个齿孔。At least one tooth hole is provided on the part of each toothed belt 5 located in the auxiliary cutting area 10, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, in this embodiment each toothed belt 5 is located on the part of the auxiliary cutting area 10 It has a perforation.
工作时，钻头形成的井眼以主切削区9的非平面结合的PDC加强齿3通过滚压+刮挤+扭切方式破岩，硬质合金锥球齿4以旋切方式配以水力射流参与破碎井底边缘区域的岩石。非平面结合的PDC加强齿3以及其在牙轮2布齿带5上的结构角度，有利于牙齿吃入岩石，并使得主切削区9的牙齿耐磨性更强；相邻布齿带5上的齿沿牙轮轴线6方向上采用圈状交错布齿规律分布，保证井底覆盖率，消除了切削死点；从而显著提高了单牙轮钻头的破岩效率及其寿命，而且使得单牙轮钻头可以应用于较硬的研磨性地层。When working, the hole formed by the drill bit uses the non-planar combination of the PDC reinforced teeth 3 in the main cutting area 9 to break the rock through rolling + scraping + twisting, and the cemented carbide cone button 4 is equipped with hydraulic jets in the rotary cutting mode. Participates in breaking rock in the marginal zone of the bottom of the well. The non-planar combination of PDC reinforced teeth 3 and its structural angle on the toothed belt 5 of the gear wheel 2 is beneficial for the teeth to eat rocks, and makes the teeth in the main cutting area 9 more wear-resistant; the adjacent toothed belt 5 The teeth on the top are regularly distributed in a circular staggered manner along the axis 6 of the cone to ensure the coverage of the bottom of the well and eliminate dead spots in cutting; thereby significantly improving the rock-breaking efficiency and life of the single-cone bit, and making the single-cone bit Roller cone bits can be applied to harder abrasive formations.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520027358.3UCN204386476U (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | A kind of PDC combined based on on-plane surface strengthens the single-cone rotary drill bit of tooth |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520027358.3UCN204386476U (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | A kind of PDC combined based on on-plane surface strengthens the single-cone rotary drill bit of tooth |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204386476Utrue CN204386476U (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520027358.3UExpired - Fee RelatedCN204386476U (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | A kind of PDC combined based on on-plane surface strengthens the single-cone rotary drill bit of tooth |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204386476U (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104612589A (en)* | 2015-01-15 | 2015-05-13 | 西南石油大学 | Single cone bit based on non-planar combination PDC strengthened teeth |
| CN105804663A (en)* | 2016-05-24 | 2016-07-27 | 西南交通大学 | Mono-cone bit with PDC combined tooth |
| CN106639887A (en)* | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 西南石油大学 | Drill bit with rotary teeth and single roller cone |
| CN113338810A (en)* | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 武汉科技大学 | Bionic tooth type cutting tooth |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104612589A (en)* | 2015-01-15 | 2015-05-13 | 西南石油大学 | Single cone bit based on non-planar combination PDC strengthened teeth |
| CN105804663A (en)* | 2016-05-24 | 2016-07-27 | 西南交通大学 | Mono-cone bit with PDC combined tooth |
| CN105804663B (en)* | 2016-05-24 | 2018-01-09 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of single-cone rotary drill bit with PDC combination teeth |
| CN106639887A (en)* | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 西南石油大学 | Drill bit with rotary teeth and single roller cone |
| CN106639887B (en)* | 2016-11-25 | 2018-09-14 | 西南石油大学 | Rotary teeth single-cone rotary drill bit |
| CN113338810A (en)* | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 武汉科技大学 | Bionic tooth type cutting tooth |
| CN113338810B (en)* | 2021-06-07 | 2024-04-30 | 武汉科技大学 | A bionic tooth-shaped cutting tooth |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20150610 Termination date:20160115 | |
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |