技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及电动汽车充电技术领域，具体涉及一种电动汽车的无线充电电路。The utility model relates to the technical field of charging electric vehicles, in particular to a wireless charging circuit for electric vehicles.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车(EV)是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶，符合道路交通、安全法规各项要求的车辆。由于对环境影响相对传统汽车较小，其前景被广泛看好，但当前技术尚不成熟，其中急需解决的问题之一是电动汽车的充电问题，目前电动汽车的充电桩也主要以有线形式进行充电，为了使电动汽车充电更加方便，不仅实现无线充电，甚至通过合理的布置，可以实现运动式充电，即充电时不一定要停止行驶。An electric vehicle (EV) refers to a vehicle that is powered by a vehicle-mounted power supply, drives the wheels with a motor, and meets the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. Because the impact on the environment is relatively small compared with traditional vehicles, its prospects are widely optimistic, but the current technology is not yet mature. One of the problems that needs to be solved urgently is the charging of electric vehicles. At present, the charging piles of electric vehicles are mainly charged in the form of wires. , In order to make the charging of electric vehicles more convenient, not only wireless charging can be realized, but even through reasonable layout, sports charging can be realized, that is, it is not necessary to stop driving when charging.
因此，本实用新型通过巧妙的电容结构和电路设计，使电动汽车实现无线充电。Therefore, the utility model enables the electric vehicle to realize wireless charging through the ingenious capacitor structure and circuit design.
所谓电容，就是容纳和释放电荷的元件。电容主要应用在以下几种重要的场合中。电源电路：旁路、去耦、滤波和储能的作用；信号处理电路：耦合和震荡的作用。The so-called capacitor is a component that holds and releases charge. Capacitors are mainly used in the following important occasions. Power circuit: function of bypass, decoupling, filtering and energy storage; signal processing circuit: function of coupling and oscillation.
电容在交流电路中的容抗与频率的大小成反比，即频率越小，容抗越大；反之，频率越高，电容本身对电流的阻碍作用也就越小。The capacitive reactance of a capacitor in an AC circuit is inversely proportional to the frequency, that is, the smaller the frequency, the greater the capacitive reactance; conversely, the higher the frequency, the smaller the resistance of the capacitor itself to the current.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种电动汽车的无线充电电路，对车载蓄电池或车载电容电池进行充电。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a wireless charging circuit for an electric vehicle to charge a vehicle-mounted storage battery or a vehicle-mounted capacitor battery.
本实用新型通过如下技术方案实现。The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions.
一种电动汽车的无线充电电路，其包括：电动汽车的车载电路与地下电路；其中地下电路包括高频交流电源的产生电路、第一电容的下极板、第二电容的下极板和初次侧第一谐振电路；第一电容的下极板、高频交流电源的产生电路和第二电容的下极板依次连接；电动汽车的车载电路包括第一电容的上极板、第二电容的上极板、第三电容、第二全桥式二极管整流电路、LC滤波电路、车载蓄电池和二次侧第一谐振电路；第一电容的上极板、第二全桥式二极管整流电路、第二电容的上极板依次连接；初次侧第一谐振电路和二次侧第一谐振电路耦合连接；第三电容、LC滤波电路以及车载蓄电池顺次连接，第三电容的两端并联在第二全桥式二极管整流电路两端，二次侧第一谐振电路并联在车载蓄电池两端。A wireless charging circuit for an electric vehicle, which includes: an on-board circuit of the electric vehicle and an underground circuit; wherein the underground circuit includes a high-frequency AC power generation circuit, a lower plate of a first capacitor, a lower plate of a second capacitor, and an initial The first resonant circuit on the side; the lower plate of the first capacitor, the generating circuit of the high-frequency AC power supply and the lower plate of the second capacitor are connected in sequence; the on-board circuit of the electric vehicle includes the upper plate of the first capacitor, the second capacitor The upper plate, the third capacitor, the second full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, the LC filter circuit, the vehicle battery and the first resonant circuit on the secondary side; the upper plate of the first capacitor, the second full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, the second The upper plates of the two capacitors are connected in sequence; the first resonant circuit on the primary side is coupled and connected to the first resonant circuit on the secondary side; the third capacitor, the LC filter circuit and the vehicle battery are connected in sequence, and the two ends of the third capacitor are connected in parallel on the second The two ends of the full-bridge diode rectifier circuit and the first resonant circuit on the secondary side are connected in parallel to the two ends of the vehicle battery.
进一步优化的，全桥可控高频逆变电路的第一IGBT、第二IGBT、第三IGBT和第四IGBT的门控极，均接有一路PWM波形，这四路PWM的波形两两相同，第一IGBT和第四IGBT门控极所接入的PWM波形相同，第二IGBT和第三IGBT门控极所接入的PWM波形相同；第一IGBT的集电极、第三IGBT的集电极和第四电容的正端连接；第一IGBT的发射极、第二IGBT的集电极连接；第三IGBT的集电极、第四IGBT的集电极连接；第二IGBT的发射极、第四IGBT的发射极、第四电容的负端连接；从第二IGBT的集电极和第四IGBT的集电极各引出一根线作为的高频交流电源产生电路两端；其中一端接第一电容的下极板，另一端接第二电容的下极板。Further optimized, the gating poles of the first IGBT, the second IGBT, the third IGBT and the fourth IGBT of the full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit are all connected to a PWM waveform, and the waveforms of these four PWMs are identical in pairs , the PWM waveforms connected to the first IGBT and the fourth IGBT gate are the same, and the PWM waveforms connected to the second IGBT and the third IGBT are the same; the collector of the first IGBT and the collector of the third IGBT It is connected to the positive end of the fourth capacitor; the emitter of the first IGBT is connected to the collector of the second IGBT; the collector of the third IGBT is connected to the collector of the fourth IGBT; the emitter of the second IGBT is connected to the collector of the fourth IGBT The emitter and the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor are connected; a line is drawn from the collector of the second IGBT and the collector of the fourth IGBT as two ends of the high-frequency AC power generation circuit; one end is connected to the lower pole of the first capacitor plate, and the other end is connected to the lower plate of the second capacitor.
进一步优化的，初次侧第一谐振电路包括并联连接的第一耦合电感的初次侧和第五电容；二次侧第一谐振电路包括第一耦合电感的二次侧，第五电容两端的电压为端子CD间电压。Further optimized, the first resonant circuit on the primary side includes the primary side of the first coupled inductor and the fifth capacitor connected in parallel; the first resonant circuit on the secondary side includes the secondary side of the first coupled inductance, and the voltage across the fifth capacitor is Voltage across terminals CD.
进一步优化的，第二全桥式二极管整流电路的输出经LC滤波电路后，连接至车载蓄电池的两端，二次侧第一谐振电路并接在车载蓄电池上，用于车载蓄电池电压的实时反馈，实现闭环控制。Further optimized, the output of the second full-bridge diode rectifier circuit is connected to both ends of the vehicle battery after passing through the LC filter circuit, and the first resonant circuit on the secondary side is connected to the vehicle battery for real-time feedback of the vehicle battery voltage , to achieve closed-loop control.
进一步优化的，高频交流电源的产生电路包括第一全桥式二极管整流电路、第四电容、全桥可控高频逆变电路、PWM控制电路及四路PWM驱动电路；市电经过第一全桥式二极管整流电路后，再经第四电容的两端得到直流电，第四电容两端的电压为端子AB间的电压；该直流电经过由四个IGBT开关管即第一IGBT、第二IGBT、第三IGBT和第四IGBT组成的全桥可控高频逆变电路，得到高频的交流电源；其中全桥可控高频逆变电路中的第一IGBT、第二IGBT、第三IGBT和第四IGBT的门控级，均分别接入到四路PWM驱动电路的输出端。Further optimized, the generating circuit of high-frequency AC power includes a first full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, a fourth capacitor, a full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit, a PWM control circuit and a four-way PWM drive circuit; After the full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, direct current is obtained through the two ends of the fourth capacitor, and the voltage at both ends of the fourth capacitor is the voltage between terminals AB; The full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit composed of the third IGBT and the fourth IGBT can obtain high-frequency AC power; the first IGBT, the second IGBT, the third IGBT and the first IGBT in the full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit The gate control stages of the fourth IGBT are respectively connected to the output terminals of the four PWM driving circuits.
进一步优选的，PWM控制电路可以采用现有的电路，采用TMS320F2812芯片，四路PWM驱动电路采用分立元件来组成，TMS320F2812芯片输出的PWM波形串接四路PWM驱动电路，该四路PWM驱动电路的输出分别连接第一IGBT至第四IGBT的门控级。Further preferably, the PWM control circuit can adopt an existing circuit, adopt the TMS320F2812 chip, and the four-way PWM driving circuit is composed of discrete components, and the PWM waveform output by the TMS320F2812 chip is connected in series with the four-way PWM driving circuit, and the four-way PWM driving circuit The outputs are respectively connected to the gate control stages of the first IGBT to the fourth IGBT.
进一步优选的，所述的无线充电电路还包括AD转换模块电路，AD转换模块电路是由运算放大器组成的两个求和电路，将端子AB间电压和端子CD间电压转换到0~3.3V，供PWM控制电路采样。PWM控制电路对经AD转换模块电路转换后的端子AB间电压和端子CD间电压进行比例换算后，得到的数值来产生四路不同占空比的PWM波形。Further preferably, the wireless charging circuit further includes an AD conversion module circuit, the AD conversion module circuit is two summation circuits composed of operational amplifiers, which convert the voltage between terminals AB and terminal CD to 0~3.3V, For PWM control circuit sampling. After the PWM control circuit converts the voltage between the terminals AB and the voltage between the terminals CD after conversion by the AD conversion module circuit, the obtained values are used to generate four channels of PWM waveforms with different duty ratios.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有如下优点和技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and technical effects:
本实用新型结构巧妙，用电容隔直通交、通高频和阻低频的特性，巧妙地将车载蓄电池的充电系统分割为两个部分，通过两个电容极板之间的电场，实现能量的传输。本实用新型基于电容通高频原理，利用功率器件产生一个变频电路，利用闭环控制，使得车载蓄电池或车载电容电池能够稳定高效快速地充电。提高了充电的安全性，便于维护等诸多优点，具有良好的市场前景。 The utility model has an ingenious structure, uses the characteristics of the capacitor to block direct traffic, pass high frequency and block low frequency, and divides the charging system of the vehicle battery into two parts skillfully, and realizes energy transmission through the electric field between the two capacitor plates . The utility model is based on the principle of capacitive passing through high frequency, uses a power device to generate a frequency conversion circuit, and uses closed-loop control to enable the vehicle-mounted storage battery or the vehicle-mounted capacitor battery to be charged stably, efficiently and quickly. It has many advantages such as improved charging safety, convenient maintenance, etc., and has a good market prospect. the
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是高频交流电源产生电路的原理图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency AC power generation circuit.
图2是全桥式二极管整流电路及 LC滤波电路的原理图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-bridge diode rectifier circuit and an LC filter circuit.
图3是无线充电的系统连接图。Figure 3 is a system connection diagram of wireless charging.
图4是无线充电的系统的仿真充电波形。Figure 4 is the simulated charging waveform of the wireless charging system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实例对本实用新型的具体实施方式作详细说明，但本实用新型的实施和保护不限于此，以下若有未特别详细说明的过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现的。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example the specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail, but the enforcement and protection of the present utility model are not limited to this, if there is the process that does not specify in detail below, all those skilled in the art can refer to prior art Achieved.
如图1，作为实例，高频交流电源的产生电路包括第一全桥式二极管整流电路、第四电容、全桥可控高频逆变电路、PWM控制电路及四路PWM驱动电路；市电经过第一全桥式二极管整流电路后，在第四电容C4的两端得到直流电，第四电容两端的电压为端子AB间的电压；该电压经过由四个IGBT开关管第一IGBTVT1、第二IGBTVT2、第三IGBTVT3和第四IGBTVT4组成的全桥可控高频逆变电路，得到高频的交流电源Us；其中全桥可控高频逆变电路中的第一IGBT、第二IGBT、第三IGBT和第四IGBT的门控级，均分别接入到四路PWM驱动电路的输出端。As shown in Figure 1, as an example, the generation circuit of the high-frequency AC power supply includes a first full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, a fourth capacitor, a full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit, a PWM control circuit and a four-way PWM drive circuit; After passing through the first full-bridge diode rectifier circuit, direct current is obtained at both ends of the fourth capacitor C4, and the voltage at both ends of the fourth capacitor is the voltage between terminals AB; The full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit composed of IGBTVT2, the third IGBTVT3 and the fourth IGBTVT4 can obtain a high-frequency AC power Us; wherein the first IGBT, the second IGBT, and the first IGBT in the full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit The gate control stages of the third IGBT and the fourth IGBT are respectively connected to the output terminals of the four-way PWM driving circuit.
PWM控制电路可以是现有电路（可以不是本实用新型的重点设计，可参照现有技术实现），采用DSP芯片及外围电路构成，四路PWM驱动电路采用分立元件来组成，DSP芯片输出的PWM波形串接四路PWM驱动电路，该四路PWM驱动电路的输出（PWM1、PWM2、PWM3和PWM4）分别连接第一IGBT至第四IGBT的门控级。The PWM control circuit can be an existing circuit (it may not be the key design of the utility model, and can be realized by referring to the prior art), and is composed of a DSP chip and peripheral circuits. The four-way PWM drive circuit is composed of discrete components, and the PWM output of the DSP chip The waveforms are connected in series with four PWM driving circuits, and the outputs (PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 and PWM4) of the four PWM driving circuits are respectively connected to the gate control stages of the first IGBT to the fourth IGBT.
全桥可控高频逆变电路的第一IGBT的集电极、第三IGBT的集电极和第四电容的正端连接；第一IGBT的发射极、第二IGBT的集电极连接；第三IGBT的集电极、第四IGBT的集电极连接；第二IGBT的发射极、第四IGBT的发射极、第四电容的负端连接；从第二IGBT的集电极和第四IGBT的集电极各引出一根线作为的高频交流电源产生电路两端；其中一端接第一电容的下极板N，另一端接第二电容的下极板Q。The collector of the first IGBT, the collector of the third IGBT and the positive terminal of the fourth capacitor of the full-bridge controllable high-frequency inverter circuit are connected; the emitter of the first IGBT is connected to the collector of the second IGBT; the third IGBT The collector of the fourth IGBT is connected; the emitter of the second IGBT, the emitter of the fourth IGBT, and the negative terminal of the fourth capacitor are connected; each lead out from the collector of the second IGBT and the collector of the fourth IGBT A wire is used as both ends of the high-frequency AC power generation circuit; one end is connected to the lower plate N of the first capacitor, and the other end is connected to the lower plate Q of the second capacitor.
初次侧第一谐振电路由第一耦合电感的初次侧L1p和第五电容C5并联组成；第五电容两端的电压为端子CD间电压。AD转换模块电路是由运算放大器组成的两个求和电路，将端子AB间电压和端子CD间电压转换到0—3.3V，供DSP控制电路的采样。DSP控制电路对经AD转换模块电路转换后的端子AB间电压和端子CD间电压进行比例换算后，得到的数值来产生四路不同占空比的PWM波形。The first resonant circuit on the primary side is composed of the primary side L1p of the first coupling inductor connected in parallel with the fifth capacitor C5; the voltage across the fifth capacitor is the voltage between terminals CD. The AD conversion module circuit is two summation circuits composed of operational amplifiers, which convert the voltage between terminals AB and terminal CD to 0-3.3V for sampling by the DSP control circuit. After the DSP control circuit converts the voltage between the terminals AB and the voltage between the terminals CD converted by the AD conversion module circuit, the obtained values are used to generate four channels of PWM waveforms with different duty ratios.
如图2，作为实例，第一电容的上极板M、第二电容的上极板P，一个全桥式二极管整流电路VD1至VD4依次连接；初次侧第一谐振电路和二次侧第一谐振电路耦合连接；第三电容C3，LC滤波电路以及车载蓄电池顺次连接，第三电容的两端并联在第二全桥式二极管整流电路两端。第二全桥式二极管整流电路的输出经LC滤波电路后，连接至车载蓄电池的两端。二次侧第一谐振电路由第一耦合电感的二次侧和车载电池并联组成。二次侧第一谐振电路并接在车载蓄电池上，用于车载蓄电池电压的实时反馈，实现闭环控制。As shown in Figure 2, as an example, the upper plate M of the first capacitor, the upper plate P of the second capacitor, and a full-bridge diode rectifier circuit VD1 to VD4 are connected in sequence; the first resonant circuit on the primary side and the first resonant circuit on the secondary side The resonant circuit is coupled and connected; the third capacitor C3, the LC filter circuit and the vehicle battery are connected in sequence, and the two ends of the third capacitor are connected in parallel with the two ends of the second full bridge diode rectifier circuit. The output of the second full-bridge diode rectifier circuit is connected to both ends of the vehicle battery after being passed through the LC filter circuit. The first resonant circuit on the secondary side is composed of the secondary side of the first coupled inductor connected in parallel with the vehicle battery. The first resonant circuit on the secondary side is parallel connected to the vehicle battery for real-time feedback of the vehicle battery voltage to realize closed-loop control.
图3是无线充电的系统连接图。高频交流电源经过第一电容和第二电容对电动汽车充电电路进行充电，设计的精妙之处在于第一电容C1和第二电容C2貌合神离，第一电容的上极板M和第二电容的上极板P属于电动汽车的车载电路，第一电容的下极板N和第二电容的下极板Q属于地下电路；第一耦合电感的初次侧L1p、第五电容C5和第一耦合电感的二次侧L1s三者对电动汽车车载蓄电池的电压实时检测，由此实现电动汽车的无线充电的设计。图3中的第一耦合电感的初次侧和第一耦合电感的二次侧耦合连接，实现车载蓄电池电压反馈。Figure 3 is a system connection diagram of wireless charging. The high-frequency AC power supply charges the electric vehicle charging circuit through the first capacitor and the second capacitor. The upper plate P belongs to the on-board circuit of the electric vehicle, the lower plate N of the first capacitor and the lower plate Q of the second capacitor belong to the underground circuit; the primary side L1p of the first coupled inductor, the fifth capacitor C5 and the first coupled inductor The three of the secondary side L1s detect the voltage of the electric vehicle battery in real time, thereby realizing the design of wireless charging for electric vehicles. The primary side of the first coupled inductor in FIG. 3 is coupled and connected to the secondary side of the first coupled inductor to realize the voltage feedback of the on-board battery.
图4是无线充电的系统的仿真充电波形。将电动汽车的车载蓄电池或电容电池等效为一个1000F的电容，对电容进行充电。由仿真波形得出，系统充电的动态响应较快，基本能够达到蓄电池的充电要求，能够快速地对蓄电池进行充电。FIG. 4 is a simulated charging waveform of a wireless charging system. The on-board storage battery or capacitor battery of the electric vehicle is equivalent to a 1000F capacitor, and the capacitor is charged. It can be concluded from the simulation waveform that the dynamic response of system charging is fast, which can basically meet the charging requirements of the battery, and can charge the battery quickly.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420453870.XUCN204068356U (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | A wireless charging circuit for electric vehicles |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420453870.XUCN204068356U (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | A wireless charging circuit for electric vehicles |
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| CN204068356Utrue CN204068356U (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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| CN201420453870.XUExpired - Fee RelatedCN204068356U (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2014-08-12 | A wireless charging circuit for electric vehicles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104201730A (en)* | 2014-08-12 | 2014-12-10 | 华南理工大学 | Wireless charging circuit of electric vehicle |
| CN111114350A (en)* | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Unmanned ship wireless charging system |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104201730A (en)* | 2014-08-12 | 2014-12-10 | 华南理工大学 | Wireless charging circuit of electric vehicle |
| CN111114350A (en)* | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Unmanned ship wireless charging system |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20141231 | |
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |