技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种用于消除粗颗粒土渗透试验中边壁效应的试验装置，属于土工试验技术领域。The utility model relates to a test device for eliminating the side wall effect in a coarse-grained soil penetration test, which belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests.
背景技术Background technique
土中孔隙相互连通时可形成透水通道。虽然这些通道很不规则，且往往很狭窄，但水可以靠其重力沿着这些通道在土中流动。水在土孔隙通道中流动的现象，叫做水的渗流；土可以被水透过的性质，称为土的渗透性或透水性，它是土的力学性质之一。土的渗透系数是评定土渗透性大小的参数，土的渗透系数越大，则透水性越强；反之，则越弱。When the pores in the soil are connected with each other, water-permeable channels can be formed. Although these channels are irregular and often narrow, water can flow through the soil along these channels by its gravity. The phenomenon of water flowing in soil pores is called water seepage; the property that soil can be permeated by water is called soil permeability or water permeability, which is one of the mechanical properties of soil. The soil permeability coefficient is a parameter to evaluate the soil permeability. The larger the soil permeability coefficient, the stronger the water permeability; otherwise, the weaker it is.
室内试验测定土的渗透系数的理论依据：通过测定土试样横截面A的渗流流量q或流速v，单位流程的水头损失即水力梯度i，由达西定律v=ki反算得出土的渗透系数k。粗粒土的渗透系数约为10-2-10-4cm/s，其透水性较好。各类规范均规定的室内测定粗粒土渗透系数的方法均是采用常水头渗透试验，即：在试样筒内分层制备试样，试样制好后，试样注水饱和后，盖上上透水板；再由试样筒上部的上透水板结合上透水板上方试样筒侧壁的溢水孔对试样进行恒压注水（施加常水头）；然后读取试样筒上、中、下部的三个测压管的水位，同时用量筒量取试样筒通过下透水板流出的渗透水量；然后，根据三个测压管的水位，渗透水量和渗透时间，由达西定律计算出土的渗透系数。这种方法测定的渗透系数会因粗粒土与仪器筒的边壁效应而产生误差。Theoretical basis for determining the permeability coefficient of soil by laboratory tests: by measuring the seepage flowq or velocity v of the soil sample cross section A, the head loss per unit process is the hydraulic gradient i, and the soil permeability coefficient can be calculated by Darcy's law v=ki k. The permeability coefficient of coarse-grained soil is about 10-2 -10-4 cm/s, and its water permeability is good. The method for indoor determination of the permeability coefficient of coarse-grained soil stipulated in various codes is the constant water head penetration test, that is, the sample is prepared in layers in the sample cylinder. After the sample is prepared, the sample is saturated with water, and the cover is covered. The upper water permeable plate; then the upper water permeable plate on the upper part of the sample cylinder combined with the overflow hole on the side wall of the sample cylinder above the upper water permeable plate is used to inject water into the sample under constant pressure (apply constant water head); then read the upper, middle, and The water level of the three piezometric tubes in the lower part is measured with a measuring cylinder at the same time to measure the infiltration water flow out of the sample cylinder through the lower permeable plate; the permeability coefficient. The permeability coefficient determined by this method will have errors due to the side wall effect of the coarse-grained soil and the instrument cylinder.
所谓边壁效应，是指粗粒土颗粒与刚性的试样筒的筒壁之间的孔隙较粗粒土颗粒间的孔隙大，土颗粒与筒壁形成的透水通道的连通性也较土颗粒之间的好，在相同的水头（水压）作用下，粗粒土颗粒与筒壁之间的渗流速度大于粗粒土颗粒间的实际渗流速度；也即有较多的水从粗粒土本身并不存在的筒壁处的旁道流走。导致试验测得的渗透系数比实际值大，影响了试验的准确性。The so-called side wall effect means that the pores between the coarse-grained soil particles and the rigid sample cylinder wall are larger than the pores between the coarse-grained soil particles, and the connectivity of the permeable channels formed by the soil particles and the cylinder wall is also higher than that of the soil particles. The relationship is good, under the same water head (water pressure), the seepage velocity between the coarse-grained soil particles and the cylinder wall is greater than the actual seepage velocity between the coarse-grained soil particles; that is, more water flows from the coarse-grained soil The side channel at the wall of the cylinder that does not exist by itself flows away. The permeability coefficient measured by the test is larger than the actual value, which affects the accuracy of the test.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于提供了一种用于消除粗颗粒土渗透试验中边壁效应的试验装置。该试验装置能够减少试验过程中所产生的边壁效应，从而使渗透试验的条件更能符合实际情况，试验结果更准确、可靠。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a test device for eliminating the side wall effect in the coarse particle soil penetration test. The test device can reduce the side wall effect produced in the test process, so that the conditions of the penetration test can be more in line with the actual situation, and the test results are more accurate and reliable.
本实用新型解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是，一种消除边壁效应的粗颗粒土渗透试验装置，其组成是：圆形的试样筒的底部固定下透水板；试样筒的壁向下伸出与底座相连，试样筒向下伸出的壁上设有渗水孔；试样筒上部设有溢水孔，试样筒的中上部、中部和中下部分别连有上测压管、中测压管和下测压管；试样筒在溢水孔以下的内壁上涂覆有柔性阻水材料层；内径与试样筒内径适配的上透水板置于试样筒内。The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is a coarse-grained soil penetration test device that eliminates the side wall effect, and its composition is: the bottom of the circular sample cylinder is fixed with a water-permeable plate; the wall of the sample cylinder It protrudes downwards and connects with the base, and the wall of the sample cylinder protruding downwards is provided with seepage holes; the upper part of the sample cylinder is provided with overflow holes, and the upper middle, middle and lower parts of the sample cylinder are respectively connected with upper pressure measuring tubes , middle piezometer tube and bottom piezometer tube; the inner wall of the sample cylinder below the overflow hole is coated with a flexible water-blocking material layer; the upper water-permeable plate whose inner diameter matches the inner diameter of the sample cylinder is placed in the sample cylinder.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
由于试样筒的内壁上涂覆有柔性阻水材料层；在试样筒内分层制备试样时，土颗粒在压实过程中，会挤压柔性阻水材料而与其形成紧密接触，堵塞试样筒的内壁与土颗粒之间的孔隙。试样制好后，在试样表面盖上上透水板，即可进行渗透系数的测定。测定时由于试样筒的内壁与土颗粒之间的孔隙已被堵塞，渗流的水只能通过土颗粒间本身的孔隙渗流，从而消除了粗颗粒土渗透试验中的边壁效应，使渗透试验的条件更能符合实际情况，试验结果更准确、可靠。Since the inner wall of the sample cylinder is coated with a flexible water-blocking material layer; when the sample is prepared in layers in the sample cylinder, the soil particles will squeeze the flexible water-blocking material to form close contact with it during the compaction process, causing blockage. The pores between the inner wall of the sample cylinder and the soil particles. After the sample is prepared, cover the surface of the sample with a permeable plate to measure the permeability coefficient. During the measurement, because the pores between the inner wall of the sample cylinder and the soil particles have been blocked, the seepage water can only seep through the pores between the soil particles, thereby eliminating the side wall effect in the coarse-grained soil penetration test, making the penetration test The conditions are more in line with the actual situation, and the test results are more accurate and reliable.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型实施例在试样制好、盖上透水板后的整体剖视结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the embodiment of the utility model after the sample is prepared and covered with a permeable plate.
图2是图1的局部A的放大结构示意图。FIG. 2 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 1 .
图1、图2中6为试样。6 in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is the sample.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例Example
图1和图2示出，本实用新型的一种具体实施方式是一种消除边壁效应的粗颗粒土渗透试验装置，其组成是：圆形的试样筒1的底部固定下透水板4b；试样筒1的壁向下伸出与底座1a相连，试样筒1向下伸出的壁上设有渗水孔5；试样筒1上部设有溢水孔2，试样筒1的中上部、中部和中下部分别连有上测压管3a、中测压管3b和下测压管3c；试样筒1在溢水孔2以下的内壁上涂覆有柔性阻水材料层7；内径与试样筒1内径适配的上透水板4a置于试样筒1内。Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show, a kind of embodiment of the present utility model is a kind of coarse granular soil penetration test device that eliminates side wall effect, and its composition is: the bottom of circular sample tube 1 fixes permeable plate 4b The wall of the sample cylinder 1 protrudes downwards to be connected with the base 1a, and the wall protruding downwards of the sample cylinder 1 is provided with a water seepage hole 5; The upper, middle and lower parts are respectively connected with the upper piezometric tube 3a, the middle piezometric tube 3b and the lower piezometric tube 3c; the inner wall of the sample cylinder 1 below the overflow hole 2 is coated with a flexible water-blocking material layer 7; the inner diameter The upper permeable plate 4a adapted to the inner diameter of the sample cylinder 1 is placed in the sample cylinder 1 .
多次使用后，如柔性阻水材料层损坏，则将其刮掉，重新涂覆一层柔性阻水材料层7即可。柔性阻水材料层可以选用是硅酮胶层或硅橡胶层。After repeated use, if the flexible water-blocking material layer is damaged, scrape it off and recoat a layer of flexible water-blocking material layer 7. The flexible water-blocking material layer may be a silicone rubber layer or a silicone rubber layer.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420105991.5UCN203758882U (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-03-10 | Coarse particle soil penetration test device eliminating boundary effect |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420105991.5UCN203758882U (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-03-10 | Coarse particle soil penetration test device eliminating boundary effect |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203758882Utrue CN203758882U (en) | 2014-08-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420105991.5UExpired - Fee RelatedCN203758882U (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2014-03-10 | Coarse particle soil penetration test device eliminating boundary effect |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN203758882U (en) |
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| CN105194913A (en)* | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-30 | 山东建筑大学 | Filter column for water treatment pilot scale test |
| CN105973782A (en)* | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-28 | 长安大学 | Determination instrument and determination method for osmotic coefficients of drilling and coring test part |
| CN107024421A (en)* | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-08 | 西南交通大学 | Seepage tests system |
| CN109297881B (en)* | 2018-10-12 | 2020-12-11 | 西南交通大学 | A method for determining the thickness of the side wall treated layer in the penetration test of coarse-grained soil |
| CN109297881A (en)* | 2018-10-12 | 2019-02-01 | 西南交通大学 | A method for determining the thickness of the side wall treated layer in the penetration test of coarse-grained soil |
| CN110082275A (en)* | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-02 | 陕西秦海检测科技有限公司 | It is large-scale simple with the vertical seepage deformation tester of coarse-grained soil and test method |
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| CN110733192B (en)* | 2019-10-08 | 2020-07-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Manufacturing method of organic glass tube for sandstone seepage model |
| CN110733192A (en)* | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Manufacturing method of organic glass tube for sandstone seepage model |
| CN111122829A (en)* | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-08 | 西南交通大学 | Device and method for measuring water holding rate of roadbed coarse-grained soil filler |
| CN113281236A (en)* | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-20 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Subsidence test device of coarse grain saline soil seepage flow condition |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20140806 Termination date:20170310 | |
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |