CN203509463U - Composite manufacturing device with conformal cooling channel injection mold - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本实用新型公开了一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，包括光束聚焦系统、近波长同轴视觉定位系统、粉末铺设系统、气体保护系统；气体保护系统，包括密封成型室、连接在密封成型室一侧的保护气装置，以及连接在密封成型室另一侧的粉尘净化装置；这是一种结合了激光选区熔化技术和精密切削加工的复合加工方法，既保留了激光选区熔化柔性加工的优点，又发挥了高速切削加工精度好的特长。在选区激光熔化加工过程中，对每一层进行激光表面重熔处理，提高模具的致密度和表面质量；采用变密度快速制造工艺，提高制造效率。可以一次性一体化地加工完成具有内部异型冷却水路和复杂内腔结构的精密模具零件。

The utility model discloses a composite manufacturing equipment with a conformal cooling waterway injection mold, which comprises a beam focusing system, a near-wavelength coaxial visual positioning system, a powder laying system, and a gas protection system; the gas protection system includes a sealed molding chamber, a connecting The shielding gas device on one side of the sealing molding room, and the dust purification device connected to the other side of the sealing molding room; this is a composite processing method that combines laser selective melting technology and precision cutting, which not only retains laser selective melting The advantages of flexible machining also give full play to the advantages of high-speed cutting machining accuracy. In the selective laser melting process, laser surface remelting is performed on each layer to improve the density and surface quality of the mold; the variable density rapid manufacturing process is adopted to improve manufacturing efficiency. Precision mold parts with internal special-shaped cooling water channels and complex inner cavity structures can be processed in one-time integration.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备A Composite Manufacturing Equipment with Conformal Cooling Waterway Injection Mold

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及激光选区熔化技术，尤其涉及一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备。 The utility model relates to laser selective melting technology, in particular to a compound manufacturing equipment with conformal cooling water channel injection mold. the

背景技术Background technique

注塑模具是一种生产塑胶制品的工具，它是将树脂材料射入金属模型后得到具有一定形状的制品的装置。模具上还有使冷却液体（温水或油）通过的冷却通道和加热器等装置。生产过程中将已成为熔体的材料注入到主流道，经分流道、浇口射入模腔内。经过冷却阶段后打开模具，模具中的顶出装置把顶出杆顶出，将制品推出。 Injection mold is a tool for producing plastic products. It is a device that injects resin material into a metal model to obtain a product with a certain shape. There are also devices such as cooling passages and heaters that allow cooling liquid (warm water or oil) to pass through the mold. During the production process, the material that has become a melt is injected into the main channel, and injected into the mold cavity through the runner and the gate. After the cooling stage, the mold is opened, and the ejector device in the mold ejects the ejector rod to push out the product. the

目前用于加工注塑模具的技术包括铣刨磨和线切割等传统机加工技术。传统方法加工的注塑模具由于受到加工方法的限制，在模具制造过程中只能将模具分为不同的部分分别加工，最后再将其组装起来，因此成型效率很低。而且传统制造方法无法成型复杂内腔结构，因此模具的冷却通道都是结构简单的直通道，对零件的冷却效果较差，成型时间较长。 The technologies currently used to process injection molds include traditional machining techniques such as milling and wire cutting. Injection molds processed by traditional methods are limited by processing methods. In the mold manufacturing process, the mold can only be divided into different parts and processed separately, and finally assembled, so the molding efficiency is very low. Moreover, traditional manufacturing methods cannot form complex inner cavity structures, so the cooling channels of the mold are straight channels with simple structures, which have poor cooling effects on parts and take a long time to form. the

切削加工是指用切削工具（包括刀具、磨具和磨料）把坯料或工件上多余的材料切除，使工件获得规定的几何形状、尺寸和表面质量的加工方法。切削加工是机械制造中最主要的加工方法，由于它加工出的零件能达到很高的精度和很低的表面粗糙度，因此切削加工技术被广泛应用在金属零件制造领域中。 Cutting processing refers to the processing method of cutting off the excess material on the blank or workpiece with cutting tools (including cutting tools, grinding tools and abrasives), so that the workpiece can obtain the specified geometric shape, size and surface quality. Cutting is the most important processing method in mechanical manufacturing. Since the parts processed by it can achieve high precision and low surface roughness, cutting technology is widely used in the field of metal parts manufacturing. the

但是该种方法无法成型多孔结构、内腔结构等复杂形状零件，因此切削加工无法完成随形模具的制造。 However, this method cannot form parts with complex shapes such as porous structures and inner cavity structures, so cutting processing cannot complete the manufacture of conformal molds. the

激光选区熔化（SLM技术）是一种目前较为先进的激光快速成型技术，它的基本原理是先在计算机上设计出零件的三维实体模型，然后通过专用软 件对该三维模型进行切片分层，得到各截面的轮廓数据，将这些数据导入快速成型设备，设备将按照这些轮廓数据，控制激光束选择性地熔化各层的金属粉末材料，逐步堆叠成三维金属零件。 Laser selective melting (SLM technology) is a relatively advanced laser rapid prototyping technology. Its basic principle is to design a three-dimensional solid model of the part on the computer, and then slice and layer the three-dimensional model through special software. The profile data of each section is obtained, and these data are imported into the rapid prototyping equipment. According to the profile data, the equipment will control the laser beam to selectively melt the metal powder materials of each layer, and gradually stack them into three-dimensional metal parts. the

SLM制造金属零件的优势在于： The advantages of SLM manufacturing metal parts are:

（1）个性化：适合各种复杂形状的零件，尤其适合带有非线性曲面的或者内部有复杂异型结构（如空腔）、用传统方法无法制造的个性化工件； (1) Personalization: suitable for parts of various complex shapes, especially suitable for personalized workpieces with nonlinear surfaces or complex special-shaped structures (such as cavities) inside that cannot be manufactured by traditional methods;

（2）快速制造：直接制成终端金属零件，省掉中间过渡环节； (2) Rapid manufacturing: directly make terminal metal parts, eliminating intermediate transition links;

（3）精度高：使用具有高功率密度的激光器，以光斑很小的激光束照射金属粉末，使得加工出来的个性化金属零件具有很高的尺寸精度（达0.1mm）以及好的表面粗糙度（Ra10-50μm）； (3) High precision: use a laser with high power density to irradiate the metal powder with a small laser beam, so that the processed personalized metal parts have high dimensional accuracy (up to 0.1mm) and good surface roughness (Ra10-50μm);

（4）致密度高：在选区内熔化金属制造出来的零件具有冶金结合的实体，相对致密度接近100%，力学性能甚至超过铸造件； (4) High density: The parts manufactured by melting metal in the selected area have metallurgical bonding entities, the relative density is close to 100%, and the mechanical properties even exceed castings;

（5）材料种类多：由于激光光斑直径很小，因此能以较低的功率熔化高熔点的金属，使得用单一成分的金属粉末来制造零件成为可能，而且可供选用的金属粉末种类也得到拓展。 (5) There are many types of materials: due to the small diameter of the laser spot, it can melt high-melting point metals at a lower power, making it possible to manufacture parts with a single-component metal powder, and the types of metal powders that can be selected are also available. expand. the

虽然激光选区熔化技术具有很多的优点，但是其成型的零件跟传统机加工零件相比，表面质量较差。成型复杂形状的时候需要添加支撑，而加工随形模具的内腔冷却水路时，不能添加支撑。因此使用激光选区熔化技术加工随形模具也很困难，过程中会出现较多缺陷，无法加工出满足尺寸精度和表面粗糙度要求的模具。 Although laser selective melting technology has many advantages, the surface quality of the formed parts is poor compared with traditional machined parts. When forming complex shapes, it is necessary to add supports, but when processing the inner cavity cooling water channel of the conformal mold, no supports can be added. Therefore, it is also very difficult to process conformal molds with laser selective melting technology. There will be many defects in the process, and it is impossible to process molds that meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. the

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的在于提供一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，在加工过程中交替使用切削加工和激光选区熔化，充分发挥两种制造技术的优势。 The purpose of the utility model is to provide a compound manufacturing equipment with a conformal cooling waterway injection mold, which alternately uses cutting processing and laser selective melting in the processing process, and gives full play to the advantages of the two manufacturing technologies. the

本实用新型通过下述技术方案实现： The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，包括光束聚焦系统、 近波长同轴视觉定位系统、粉末铺设系统、气体保护系统； A compound manufacturing equipment with a conformal cooling waterway injection mold, including a beam focusing system, a near-wavelength coaxial vision positioning system, a powder laying system, and a gas protection system;

所述光束聚焦系统，包括依次光路连接的光纤激光器、扩束镜、扫描振镜和F-θ组合透镜； The beam focusing system includes a fiber laser, a beam expander, a scanning galvanometer and an F-θ combination lens sequentially connected by an optical path;

所述近波长同轴视觉定位系统，包括切削加工系统、镀膜反射镜片、工业CCD和用于给待加工零件照明的照明装置；所述镀膜反射镜片设置在扩束镜与扫描振镜之间的光路中；所述工业CCD设置在镀膜反射镜片的上方； The near-wavelength coaxial visual positioning system includes a cutting processing system, a coated reflective lens, an industrial CCD and an illuminating device for illuminating the parts to be processed; the coated reflective lens is arranged between the beam expander and the scanning galvanometer In the optical path; the industrial CCD is arranged above the coated mirror;

所述粉末铺设系统，包括成型缸、铺粉刮板、粉末缸、设置在成型缸和粉末缸底部的升降活塞、控制系统，升降活塞连接控制系统； The powder laying system includes a forming cylinder, a powder spreading scraper, a powder cylinder, a lifting piston arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder and the powder cylinder, a control system, and the lifting piston is connected to the control system;

所述气体保护系统，包括密封成型室、连接在密封成型室一侧的保护气装置，以及连接在密封成型室另一侧的粉尘净化装置； The gas protection system includes a sealed molding room, a protective gas device connected to one side of the sealed molding room, and a dust purification device connected to the other side of the sealed molding room;

所述光纤激光器与控制系统连接； The fiber laser is connected with the control system;

所述切削加工系统设置在密封成型室内。 The cutting processing system is arranged in the sealed molding chamber. the

所述切削加工系统包括主轴、铣刀夹具和立铣刀组成，其中主轴中的电动机带动铣刀夹具旋转，立铣刀安装在铣刀夹具的环槽中，铣刀夹具内部具有润滑油路。 The cutting processing system includes a main shaft, a milling cutter holder and an end mill, wherein the motor in the main shaft drives the milling cutter holder to rotate, the end mill is installed in the ring groove of the milling cutter holder, and there is a lubricating oil circuit inside the milling cutter holder. the

采用上述复合制造设备制造具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的方法，步骤如下： The method for manufacturing an injection mold with a conformal cooling waterway by using the above-mentioned composite manufacturing equipment, the steps are as follows:

第一步：用三维软件设计出模具的3D造型，然后利用magics软件进行摆放位置和切片操作，最后利用路径规划软件确定每一层的扫描路径； The first step: use 3D software to design the 3D shape of the mold, then use magics software to place and slice, and finally use path planning software to determine the scanning path of each layer;

然后针对不同的金属粉末材料，选择合适的基板，将基板安装在成型缸中；然后使用铺粉刮板，将粉末缸内的金属粉末铺展成20微米至60微米厚度的薄层； Then, according to different metal powder materials, select the appropriate substrate and install the substrate in the molding cylinder; then use the powder spreading scraper to spread the metal powder in the powder cylinder into a thin layer with a thickness of 20 microns to 60 microns;

第二步：采用激光选区熔化方法进行加工；控制系统按照设置好的扫描 路径控制扫描振镜偏转，扫描振镜指引激光束在成型缸上的金属粉末薄层上移动，将金属粉末熔化形成金属实体； Step 2: Process by laser selective melting method; the control system controls the deflection of the scanning galvanometer according to the set scanning path, and the scanning galvanometer guides the laser beam to move on the thin layer of metal powder on the forming cylinder, melting the metal powder to form a metal entity;

扫描完一层的轮廓之后，继续进行粉末铺设；在选区激光熔化加工过程中，对每一层都进行激光表面重熔处理；在整个加工过程中采用变密度加工方法，调节关键参数来改变致密度，在模具内部需要排气地方获得预先设计的致密度，使得模具的注塑过程中产生的烟气容易排出； After scanning the outline of one layer, proceed to powder laying; during the selective laser melting process, laser surface remelting is performed on each layer; the variable density processing method is adopted in the whole processing process, and the key parameters are adjusted to change the resulting Density, the pre-designed density is obtained in the place where the exhaust needs to be exhausted inside the mold, so that the smoke generated during the injection molding process of the mold can be easily discharged;

本步骤和上述第一步应反复进行，当叠层厚度达到0.15mm～0.3mm时，启动切削加工系统，转为切削加工； This step and the above first step should be repeated. When the thickness of the laminate reaches 0.15mm ~ 0.3mm, start the cutting processing system and switch to cutting processing;

所述激光表面重熔处理是指，在每层扫描结束后，将该层扫描线偏转90°后，以相对SLM快的速度和大的间距对表面进行重熔。每一道重熔的扫描线，垂直扫过SLM层的扫描线，重新熔化SLM扫描线顶峰，并填平相邻或多道扫描线之间的沟壑，使扫描层表层趋于平滑致密，令下一层铺粉均匀降低扫描时产生微孔的可能性； The laser surface remelting treatment means that after the scanning of each layer is completed, the scanning line of the layer is deflected by 90°, and the surface is remelted at a faster speed and a larger distance than SLM. Each remelted scan line sweeps the scan line of the SLM layer vertically, re-melts the peak of the SLM scan line, and fills up the gaps between adjacent or multiple scan lines, so that the surface of the scan layer tends to be smooth and dense, making the following A layer of powder evenly reduces the possibility of micropores during scanning;

所述变密度加工方法是指，将待加工的模具分为壳体区及内部填充区两个成型区域，壳体区采用致密态成型，内部填充区采用非致密态成型；通过调整参数控制对固体基础的熔化量，实现非致密态组织与致密态组织的切换； The variable density processing method refers to that the mold to be processed is divided into two molding areas, the shell area and the internal filling area, the shell area is formed in a dense state, and the internal filling area is formed in a non-dense state; The melting amount of the solid foundation realizes the switching between the non-dense state organization and the dense state organization;

第三步：进行精密切削加工；在每一次切削加工开始前，照明装置发射经过扩束后的激光，照射到待加工模具的表面；照明激光依次经过F-θ组合透镜、扫描振镜和呈45°度角的镀膜反射镜片发射到工业CCD中；工业CCD获取一帧待加工模具上表面的图像，该图像经过量化处理后变为数字图像发送到控制系统中；由控制系统对摄取的待加工模具的图像进行处理和特征量识别，定位出切削加工的基准点位置；立铣刀在同轴视觉定位系统的指令下，实现精确定位；在主轴的带动下切削待加工模具的轮廓；激光选区熔化加工 模具过程中会出现一些缺陷，比如表面粗糙，出现球化，悬垂面出现翘曲和粉末粘附现象，此时利用立铣刀切削待加工模具的轮廓，去除激光选区熔化阶段产生的缺陷，得到符合要求的待加工模具表面质量和尺寸精度； Step 3: Carry out precision cutting; before each cutting process starts, the illuminating device emits beam-expanded laser light to the surface of the mold to be processed; the illuminating laser passes through the F-θ combination lens, the scanning galvanometer and the The coated reflective lens with a 45° angle is emitted into the industrial CCD; the industrial CCD acquires an image of the upper surface of the mold to be processed, and the image is converted into a digital image after quantization and sent to the control system; Process the image of the processed mold and identify the feature quantity to locate the reference point position of the cutting process; the end mill realizes precise positioning under the instruction of the coaxial visual positioning system; the contour of the mold to be processed is cut under the drive of the spindle; the laser Selective melting processing There will be some defects in the mold process, such as surface roughness, spheroidization, warping of the overhanging surface and powder adhesion. Defects, to obtain the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the mold to be processed that meet the requirements;

第四步：反复进行上述三个步骤，最后得到具有符合质量及精度要求的随形冷却水路注塑模具。 Step 4: Repeat the above three steps to finally obtain a conformal cooling waterway injection mold that meets the quality and precision requirements. the

在上述随形冷却水路注塑模具的加工成型过程中，需要对密封成型室进行惰性气体保护，充满氩气或氮气； During the processing and molding process of the above-mentioned conformal cooling waterway injection mold, it is necessary to protect the sealed molding chamber with inert gas and fill it with argon or nitrogen;

在随形冷却水路注塑模具的加工过程中，保护气装置向密封成型室内不断通入氮气或氩气。 During the processing of the conformal cooling waterway injection mold, the protective gas device continuously feeds nitrogen or argon into the sealed molding chamber. the

本实用新型与现有的技术相比具有以下优点： Compared with the existing technology, the utility model has the following advantages:

1、可方便地制作随形冷却水路注塑模具。采用激光熔化和切削加工系统相结合的复合加工，不需要分割制造，也不需要组装和调整，一体化成型；可在内部形成三维冷却水路，内部冷却水路贴着注塑模具型腔的形状，可实现快速冷却，避免注塑件的缺陷。 1. It is convenient to make injection molds for conformal cooling water channels. The combined processing of laser melting and cutting processing systems does not require separate manufacturing, assembly and adjustment, and integrated molding; a three-dimensional cooling water channel can be formed inside, and the internal cooling water channel can be attached to the shape of the injection mold cavity. Achieve rapid cooling and avoid defects in injection molded parts. the

2、与传统模具制作方法相比，工期缩短，成本降低。以往因深孔、深加强筋等需要分割设计的芯摸，如今也可以一体化设计。另外，由于无需进行电火花加工，模具制作时间也大幅缩短。 2. Compared with the traditional mold making method, the construction period is shortened and the cost is reduced. In the past, cores that required separate designs due to deep holes and deep ribs can now also be designed in an integrated manner. In addition, since electric discharge machining is not required, the mold making time is also greatly shortened. the

3、复合加工既保留了柔性加工的优点，又发挥了高速切削加工精度好的特长。其特点在于可以一次性并且一体化地加工完成具有内部异型水路和排气功能，表面形状复杂的精密模具零件。其加工尺寸精度可达±0.005mm以下，热处理后的材质硬度可达Hrc40以上，足以符合精密注塑模具的量产水平要求，大大地拓展了快速成型技术在注塑模具制造行业中的应用可能性。 3. Composite machining not only retains the advantages of flexible machining, but also gives full play to the advantages of high-speed cutting machining precision. Its feature is that it can complete the precision mold parts with internal special-shaped water channel and exhaust function and complex surface shape in one-time and integrated processing. Its processing size accuracy can reach below ±0.005mm, and the material hardness after heat treatment can reach above Hrc40, which is enough to meet the mass production level requirements of precision injection molds, and greatly expands the application possibility of rapid prototyping technology in the injection mold manufacturing industry. the

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the composite manufacturing equipment with conformal cooling waterway injection mold of the present invention. the

图2为切削加工系统局部结构示意图。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the cutting processing system. the

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. the

实施例 Example

如图1、图2所示。本实用新型具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，包括光束聚焦系统、近波长同轴视觉定位系统、粉末铺设系统、气体保护系统； As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The utility model has composite manufacturing equipment for conformal cooling waterway injection molds, including a beam focusing system, a near-wavelength coaxial visual positioning system, a powder laying system, and a gas protection system;

所述光束聚焦系统，包括依次光路连接的光纤激光器1、扩束镜3、扫描振镜6和F-θ组合透镜7； The beam focusing system includes a fiber laser 1, a beam expander 3, a scanning galvanometer 6, and an F-θ combination lens 7 connected in sequence in an optical path;

所述近波长同轴视觉定位系统，包括切削加工系统、镀膜反射镜片5、工业CCD4和用于给待加工零件照明的照明装置9；所述镀膜反射镜片5设置在扩束镜3与扫描振镜6之间的光路中；所述工业CCD4设置在镀膜反射镜片5的上方； The near-wavelength coaxial vision positioning system includes a cutting processing system, a coating mirror 5, an industrial CCD4 and an illuminating device 9 for illuminating parts to be processed; the coating mirror 5 is arranged on the beam expander 3 and the scanning vibrator In the optical path between the mirrors 6; the industrial CCD4 is arranged on the top of the coated reflective mirror 5;

所述粉末铺设系统，包括成型缸15、铺粉刮板13、粉末缸16、设置在成型缸15和粉末缸16底部的升降活塞17、控制系统18，升降活塞17连接控制系统18； The powder laying system includes a formingcylinder 15, a powder spreading scraper 13, apowder cylinder 16, alifting piston 17 arranged at the bottom of the formingcylinder 15 and thepowder cylinder 16, acontrol system 18, and thelifting piston 17 is connected to thecontrol system 18;

所述气体保护系统，包括密封成型室、连接在密封成型室一侧的保护气装置8，以及连接在密封成型室另一侧的粉尘净化装置19； The gas protection system includes a sealed molding room, a protective gas device 8 connected to one side of the sealed molding room, and adust purification device 19 connected to the other side of the sealed molding room;

所述光纤激光器1与控制系统18连接； The fiber laser 1 is connected with thecontrol system 18;

所述切削加工系统设置在密封成型室内。 The cutting processing system is arranged in the sealed molding chamber. the

所述切削加工系统包括主轴11、铣刀夹具21和立铣刀12，其中主轴11中的电动机20带动铣刀夹具21旋转，立铣刀12安装在铣刀夹具21的环槽22中，铣刀夹具21内部具有润滑油路23； The cutting processing system includes amain shaft 11, amilling cutter holder 21 and anend mill 12, wherein themotor 20 in themain shaft 11 drives themilling cutter holder 21 to rotate, and theend mill 12 is installed in thering groove 22 of themilling cutter holder 21, and the milling cutter There is alubricating oil passage 23 inside thetool holder 21;

所述光纤激光器1采用输出功率200W，光束2的质量因子M2<1.1，波长1090nm的光纤激光器，采用连续模式，光束直径内能量呈现高斯分布。所述扫描振镜6包括X、Y轴镜片及电机，响应速度<1微秒。 The fiber laser 1 adopts a fiber laser with an output power of 200W, a quality factor of the beam 2 of M2<1.1, and a wavelength of 1090 nm. It adopts a continuous mode, and the energy within the diameter of the beam presents a Gaussian distribution. The scanning vibrating mirror 6 includes X and Y axis mirrors and motors, and the response speed is less than 1 microsecond. the

所述照明装置9采用扩束后的激光照明，照明光源的出光平面斜交于成型缸加工平面。采用与光纤激光器1的激光波长相近的照明激光。照明光是人眼不可见激光，但工业CCD4感光范围能达到红外波段，故能起到照明作用。 The illuminating device 9 adopts beam-expanded laser illumination, and the light emitting plane of the illuminating light source obliquely intersects with the processing plane of the molding cylinder. Illumination laser light with a wavelength close to that of the fiber laser 1 is used. The illuminating light is a laser invisible to the human eye, but the industrial CCD4 photosensitive range can reach the infrared band, so it can play a lighting role. the

光束2光波长1090nm，照明光波长1070nm，采用临近波长的激光器和照明光源，可以降低工业CCD4图像传感器识别出的加工平面位置和实际激光作用位置的误差，提高工业CCD4同轴定位精度。 Beam 2 has a wavelength of 1090nm and an illumination wavelength of 1070nm. The use of lasers and illumination sources with adjacent wavelengths can reduce the error between the processing plane position identified by the industrial CCD4 image sensor and the actual laser action position, and improve the coaxial positioning accuracy of the industrial CCD4. the

所述工业CCD4可选用日本生产的TG2Z1816—FCS型CCD摄像头，其主要优点是体积小、灵敏度高及分辨率高等。主要技术指标如下：镜头焦距为1.8～3.6mm；镜头像面为4.9mm×3.7mm；有效像素为510(水平)×492(垂直)；目标距离为0.2～1m；其中镀膜反射镜片5呈45°角摆放，通过镀膜实现照明光45°全反，光束2的45°全透。 The industrial CCD4 can be selected from the TG2Z1816-FCS type CCD camera produced in Japan, and its main advantages are small size, high sensitivity and high resolution. The main technical indicators are as follows: the focal length of the lens is 1.8-3.6mm; the image plane of the lens is 4.9mm×3.7mm; the effective pixel is 510 (horizontal)×492 (vertical); the target distance is 0.2-1m; ° Angle placement, 45° full reflection of illumination light and 45° full transmission of beam 2 can be realized through coating. the

所述主轴20采用日本松浦高速高刚性主轴，最高转速达到35000转/min，采用油气润滑。立铣刀12采用1/10锥度专用BT20，精度可达到+0.015～0.02mm。 Themain shaft 20 is a high-speed and high-rigidity main shaft from Matsuura, Japan, with a maximum speed of 35,000 rpm and oil-air lubrication. Theend mill 12 adopts 1/10 taper special BT20, and the precision can reach +0.015～0.02mm. the

采用上述复合制造设备制造具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的方法，可通过 如下步骤予以实现： The method of using the above composite manufacturing equipment to manufacture an injection mold with a conformal cooling waterway can be realized through the following steps:

第一步：用三维软件设计出模具的3D造型，然后利用magics软件进行摆放位置和切片操作，最后利用路径规划软件确定每一层的扫描路径； The first step: use 3D software to design the 3D shape of the mold, then use magics software to place and slice, and finally use path planning software to determine the scanning path of each layer;

然后针对不同的金属粉末材料，选择合适的基板，将基板安装在成型缸15中；安装过程中为了保证基板的水平，需要利用水平仪进行调平。然后使用预压紧式柔性的铺粉刮板13，将粉末缸16内的金属粉末14铺展成20微米至60微米厚度的薄层； Then, according to different metal powder materials, select a suitable substrate, and install the substrate in themolding cylinder 15; in order to ensure the level of the substrate during the installation process, it is necessary to use a level for leveling. Then use the flexible powder spreading scraper 13 of the pre-compression type to spread the metal powder 14 in thepowder cylinder 16 into a thin layer of 20 microns to 60 microns in thickness;

第二步：采用激光选区熔化方法进行加工；控制系统18按照设置好的扫描路径控制扫描振镜6偏转，扫描振镜6指引激光束2在成型缸15上的金属粉末薄层上移动，将金属粉末熔化形成金属实体； Step 2: use the laser selective melting method for processing; thecontrol system 18 controls the deflection of the scanning galvanometer 6 according to the set scanning path, and the scanning galvanometer 6 guides the laser beam 2 to move on the metal powder thin layer on the formingcylinder 15, and the The metal powder is melted to form a metal body;

扫描完一层的轮廓之后，继续进行粉末铺设；在选区激光熔化加工过程中，为了保证模具内部致密度，提高强度，也一定程度上提高表面精度，对每一层都进行激光表面重熔处理；在整个加工过程中采用变密度加工方法，灵活调节关键参数来改变致密度，在模具内部需要排气地方获得预先设计的致密度，使得模具的注塑过程中产生的烟气容易排出； After scanning the outline of one layer, continue to lay the powder; in the process of selective laser melting, in order to ensure the internal density of the mold, improve the strength, and improve the surface accuracy to a certain extent, laser surface remelting is performed on each layer ;The variable density processing method is adopted in the whole processing process, the key parameters are flexibly adjusted to change the density, and the pre-designed density is obtained in the place where the exhaust needs to be exhausted inside the mold, so that the smoke generated during the injection molding process of the mold can be easily discharged;

本步骤和上述第一步应反复进行，当叠层厚度达到0.15mm～0.3mm时，启动切削加工系统，转为切削加工；SLM加工层数与切屑加工的时间点可以根据注塑模具的精度要求进行灵活设置。 This step and the first step above should be repeated. When the thickness of the laminate reaches 0.15mm to 0.3mm, start the cutting processing system and switch to cutting processing; the number of SLM processing layers and the time point of chip processing can be based on the accuracy requirements of the injection mold Make flexible settings. the

所述激光表面重熔处理是指，在每层扫描结束后，将该层扫描线偏转90°后，以相对SLM（激光选区熔化）快的速度和大的间距对表面进行重熔。每一道重熔的扫描线，垂直扫过SLM层的扫描线，重新熔化SLM扫描线顶峰，并填平相邻或多道扫描线之间的沟壑，使扫描层表层趋于平滑致密，令下一层铺粉均匀降低扫描时产生微孔的可能性； The laser surface remelting process refers to remelting the surface at a faster speed and a larger distance than SLM (selective laser melting) after the scanning line of each layer is deflected by 90° after the scanning of each layer is completed. Each remelted scan line sweeps the scan line of the SLM layer vertically, re-melts the peak of the SLM scan line, and fills up the gaps between adjacent or multiple scan lines, so that the surface of the scan layer tends to be smooth and dense, making the following A layer of powder evenly reduces the possibility of micropores during scanning;

所述变密度加工方法是指，将待加工的模具分为壳体区及内部填充区两个成型区域，壳体区采用致密态成型，内部填充区采用非致密态成型；通过调整参数控制对固体基础的熔化量，实现非致密态组织与致密态组织的切换； The variable density processing method refers to that the mold to be processed is divided into two molding areas, the shell area and the internal filling area, the shell area is formed in a dense state, and the internal filling area is formed in a non-dense state; The melting amount of the solid foundation realizes the switching between the non-dense state organization and the dense state organization;

第三步：进行精密切削加工；在每一次切削加工开始前，照明装置9发射经过扩束后的激光，照射到待加工模具10的表面；照明激光依次经过F-θ组合透镜7、扫描振镜6和呈45°度角的镀膜反射镜片5发射到工业CCD4中；工业CCD4获取一帧待加工模具10上表面的图像，该图像经过量化处理后变为数字图像发送到控制系统18中；由控制系统18对摄取的待加工模具10的图像进行处理和特征量识别，定位出切削加工的基准点位置；立铣刀12在同轴视觉定位系统的指令下，实现精确定位；在高速旋转的主轴11的带动下高速精密切削待加工模具10的轮廓；激光选区熔化加工模具10过程中会出现一些缺陷，比如表面粗糙，出现球化，悬垂面出现翘曲和粉末粘附现象，此时利用立铣刀12切削待加工模具10的轮廓，去除激光选区熔化阶段产生的缺陷，得到符合要求的待加工模具10表面质量和尺寸精度； Step 3: Carry out precision cutting; before the start of each cutting process, the illuminating device 9 emits beam-expanded laser light to the surface of themold 10 to be processed; the illuminating laser passes through the F-θ combination lens 7, scanning vibration The mirror 6 and the coated reflective mirror 5 at an angle of 45° are launched into the industrial CCD4; the industrial CCD4 acquires a frame image of the upper surface of themold 10 to be processed, and the image becomes a digital image after quantization processing and is sent to thecontrol system 18; The image of themold 10 to be processed is processed and identified by thecontrol system 18, and the position of the reference point of the cutting process is located; theend mill 12 realizes precise positioning under the instruction of the coaxial vision positioning system; The contour of themold 10 to be processed is cut with high speed and precision under the drive of themain shaft 11; some defects will appear during the laser selective melting process of themold 10, such as surface roughness, spheroidization, warping of the overhanging surface and powder adhesion. Using theend mill 12 to cut the contour of themold 10 to be processed, remove the defects generated in the laser selective melting stage, and obtain the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of themold 10 to be processed that meet the requirements;

第四步：反复进行上述三个步骤，最后得到具有符合质量及精度要求的随形冷却水路注塑模具。尺寸精度可达±0.005mm以下，热处理后的材质硬度可达Hrc50以上。 Step 4: Repeat the above three steps to finally obtain a conformal cooling waterway injection mold that meets the quality and precision requirements. The dimensional accuracy can reach below ±0.005mm, and the material hardness after heat treatment can reach above Hrc50. the

在上述随形冷却水路注塑模具的加工成型过程中，需要对密封成型室进行惰性气体保护，充满氩气或氮气； During the processing and molding process of the above-mentioned conformal cooling waterway injection mold, it is necessary to protect the sealed molding chamber with inert gas and fill it with argon or nitrogen;

在随形冷却水路注塑模具的加工过程中，保护气装置8向密封成型室内不断通入氮气或氩气；对其进行保护，防止发生氧化。为了保持成型室内空气的纯净，并防止金属粉末中出现杂质，采用粉尘净化装置19吸收加工过程中产生的烟尘。 During the processing of the conformal cooling waterway injection mold, the protective gas device 8 continuously feeds nitrogen or argon into the sealed molding chamber to protect it from oxidation. In order to keep the air in the molding room pure and prevent impurities from appearing in the metal powder, adust purification device 19 is used to absorb the smoke generated during the process. the

如上所述便可较好的实现本实用新型。 As mentioned above, the utility model can be better realized. the

本实用新型的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。 The implementation of the present utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be equivalent replacement methods. Included within the protection scope of the present utility model. the

Claims (2)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，其特征在于，包括光束聚焦系统、近波长同轴视觉定位系统、粉末铺设系统、气体保护系统；1. A compound manufacturing equipment with a conformal cooling waterway injection mold, characterized in that it includes a beam focusing system, a near-wavelength coaxial visual positioning system, a powder laying system, and a gas protection system;所述光束聚焦系统，包括依次光路连接的光纤激光器、扩束镜、扫描振镜和F-θ组合透镜；The beam focusing system includes a fiber laser, a beam expander, a scanning galvanometer and an F-θ combination lens sequentially connected in an optical path;所述近波长同轴视觉定位系统，包括切削加工系统、镀膜反射镜片、工业CCD和用于给待加工零件照明的照明装置；所述镀膜反射镜片设置在扩束镜与扫描振镜之间的光路中；所述工业CCD设置在镀膜反射镜片的上方；The near-wavelength coaxial visual positioning system includes a cutting processing system, a coated reflective lens, an industrial CCD and an illuminating device for illuminating the parts to be processed; the coated reflective lens is arranged between the beam expander and the scanning galvanometer In the optical path; the industrial CCD is arranged above the coated mirror;所述粉末铺设系统，包括成型缸、铺粉刮板、粉末缸、设置在成型缸和粉末缸底部的升降活塞、控制系统，升降活塞连接控制系统；The powder laying system includes a forming cylinder, a powder spreading scraper, a powder cylinder, a lifting piston arranged at the bottom of the forming cylinder and the powder cylinder, a control system, and the lifting piston is connected to the control system;所述气体保护系统，包括密封成型室、连接在密封成型室一侧的保护气装置，以及连接在密封成型室另一侧的粉尘净化装置；The gas protection system includes a sealed molding room, a protective gas device connected to one side of the sealed molding room, and a dust purification device connected to the other side of the sealed molding room;所述光纤激光器与控制系统连接；The fiber laser is connected with a control system;所述切削加工系统设置在密封成型室内。The cutting processing system is arranged in the sealed molding chamber.2.根据权利要求1所述的具有随形冷却水路注塑模具的复合制造设备，其特征在于，所述切削加工系统包括主轴、铣刀夹具和立铣刀，其中主轴中的电动机带动铣刀夹具旋转，立铣刀安装在铣刀夹具的环槽中，铣刀夹具内部具有润滑油路。2. The compound manufacturing equipment with conformal cooling waterway injection mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cutting processing system includes a main shaft, a milling cutter holder and an end mill, wherein the motor in the main shaft drives the milling cutter holder Rotating, the end mill is installed in the ring groove of the milling cutter holder, and the milling cutter holder has a lubricating oil circuit inside.

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