CN203318182U - Hybrid power city bus braking system based on super-capacitor - Google Patents
Hybrid power city bus braking system based on super-capacitorDownload PDFInfo
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- CN203318182U CN203318182UCN2013202616023UCN201320261602UCN203318182UCN 203318182 UCN203318182 UCN 203318182UCN 2013202616023 UCN2013202616023 UCN 2013202616023UCN 201320261602 UCN201320261602 UCN 201320261602UCN 203318182 UCN203318182 UCN 203318182U
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the brake system of car technical field, and particularly hybrid vehicle brake system technical field, specifically refer to a kind of hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor.
Background technology
In the situation that environmental problem and energy problem receive publicity day by day, electronlmobil is considered to the desirable substitute products of conventional truck with self advantage.One of advantage that electronlmobil is the most outstanding is to realize the recovery of braking energy, the kinetic energy when braking, running car inertia produced passes to motor by driving system, motor be take generation mode work being charged as super capacitor, realizes the regeneration of braking energy.Generally, electronlmobil only depends on motor to be nowhere near for it provides braking force, because not only being subject to the motor running velocity, the braking force that motor provides is subject to the many factors impacts such as battery state of charge, therefore regenerative brake must be worked with mechanical braking sytem simultaneously, could meet the requirement of electronlmobil rate of braking and stablizing of brake efficiency.Electronlmobil is guaranteeing in braking failure-free situation to realize that it is the effective measures that automobile improves fuel utilization that braking energy reclaims, and the energy-conserving and environment-protective of automobile are had to irreplaceable effect.Therefore the braking energy recovery technology is paid attention to by each large well-known automobile vendor of the world always.Toyota Company is applied in technique on hybrid electric vehicle the fuel economy that has effectively improved its energy utilization efficiency and car load.It is upper that Ford is used in its SUV vehicle Escape by the braking energy recovery technology of Continental AG, received equally good effect.But, for Electric Bus, above technical sophistication, realize difficulty.
What simultaneously battery reclaimed the same because battery of link as super capacitor at energy itself has fixing requirement for operating voltage and range of current, and service life shorter characteristic, battery is had problems equally as super capacitor.Super capacitor is as a kind of novel capacitor, and electric weight is far longer than common electric capacity, discharges and recharges soon simultaneously, and the characteristics such as long service life, be a kind of well behaved super capacitor.
Chinese utility model patent has been announced a kind of brake energy recovering system (Wang Ruoyu based on super capacitor, Ma Xiaoxiao, Zhou Xinyu, car is celebrated one's birthday, energy-recuperation system based on super capacitor, Granted publication CN 202507945U, Granted publication day 2012.10.13), this system has braking energy recovery effect for the hybrid power big bus of super capacitor, but the safety of car load brake safe reliability and recovery electric current is not considered.And domestic major vendor has also all added braking energy recovering function to the hybrid power passenger car brake system, it respectively has merits and faults.
Therefore, a kind of hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor need to be provided, and it is simple for structure, realizes easily, there is energy recovery function on the basis that guarantees whole brake system safety and stability, there is good brakig force distribution characteristic and braking feel simultaneously.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to have overcome above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, a kind of hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor is provided, should the hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor design ingenious, simple for structure, realize easily, there is energy recovery function on the basis that guarantees whole brake system safety and stability, there is good brakig force distribution characteristic and braking feel simultaneously, be suitable for large-scale promotion application.
To achieve these goals, the hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor of the present utility model, be characterized in, comprises the brake pedal signal switch, the accelerator pedal signal switch, the master brake cylinder pressure sensor, shift sensor, car speed sensor, motor speed sensor, battery management system, slide energy and reclaim control dial, entire car controller, electric machine controller, voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, anti-lock ABS system, electric air compressor, the braking storage tank, the storage tank pressure sensor, super capacitor, rectification unit, voltage regulation unit and copped wave unit, described brake pedal signal switch, described accelerator pedal signal switch, described master brake cylinder pressure sensor, described shift sensor, described car speed sensor, described motor speed sensor, described battery management system, the described energy recovery control dial that slides divides level signal to be connected described entire car controller with described storage tank pressure sensor, and described entire car controller divides level signal to connect described electric machine controller, described voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, described anti-lock ABS system and described copped wave unit, described voltage transforms the DC-AC element circuit and connects described electric air compressor, described electric air compressor gas circuit connects described braking storage tank, described storage tank pressure sensor is arranged on described braking storage tank, described super capacitor is connected described battery management system by described voltage regulation unit with described rectification unit circuit successively, and described copped wave element circuit is connected between described voltage regulation unit and described rectification unit.
Preferably, described rectification unit is comprised of rectifier bridge and chemical capacitor, described battery management system connects described chemical capacitor by described rectifier bridge, and described chemical capacitor circuit connects described voltage regulation unit, and described copped wave element circuit is connected between described chemical capacitor and described rectification unit.
Preferably, described voltage regulation unit is the DC-DC constant voltage power suspply.
Preferably, described copped wave unit is comprised of brake pedal signal receiver and DC chopped-wave controller, described entire car controller signal connects described brake pedal signal receiver, described brake pedal signal receiver circuit connects described DC chopped-wave controller, and described DC chopped-wave controller circuitry is connected between described voltage regulation unit and described rectification unit.
The beneficial effects of the utility model specifically are: the hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor of the present utility model comprises the brake pedal signal switch, the accelerator pedal signal switch, the master brake cylinder pressure sensor, shift sensor, car speed sensor, motor speed sensor, battery management system, slide energy and reclaim control dial, entire car controller, electric machine controller, voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, anti-lock ABS system, electric air compressor, the braking storage tank, the storage tank pressure sensor, super capacitor, rectification unit, voltage regulation unit and copped wave unit, described brake pedal signal switch, described accelerator pedal signal switch, described master brake cylinder pressure sensor, described shift sensor, described car speed sensor, described motor speed sensor, described battery management system, the described energy recovery control dial that slides divides level signal to be connected described entire car controller with described storage tank pressure sensor, and described entire car controller divides level signal to connect described electric machine controller, described voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, described anti-lock ABS system and described copped wave unit, described voltage transforms the DC-AC element circuit and connects described electric air compressor, described electric air compressor gas circuit connects described braking storage tank, described storage tank pressure sensor is arranged on described braking storage tank, described super capacitor is connected described battery management system by described voltage regulation unit with described rectification unit circuit successively, described copped wave element circuit is connected between described voltage regulation unit and described rectification unit, thereby the brake mode that entire car controller should be taked by the informix judgement of CAN bus Real-time Collection, reclaim to greatest extent electric energy under the prerequisite that guarantees the car brakeing safety and reliability, reduce waste of power, reduce the wearing and tearing of brake facing.Adopt super capacitor as energy-storage units simultaneously, can effectively avoid because the battery self character, reclaim voltage and the maximum restriction that allows charging current of electric current during to electric braking, also can fast charging and discharging, long service life; Add rectification unit, voltage regulation unit and copped wave unit, the charging security while guaranteeing electric braking; Frequently the touch on the brake sense tired out of pedal of chaufeur that added the electric braking mode of sliding mode to reduce, design ingenious, simple for structure, realize easily, there is energy recovery function on the basis that guarantees whole brake system safety and stability, there is good brakig force distribution characteristic and braking feel simultaneously, be suitable for large-scale promotion application.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the connection structure schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the control principle schematic diagram of the specific embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the specific embodiment shown in Fig. 1 reclaims a kind of method of the position control motor of knob under sliding mode according to sliding brake function.
The specific embodiment
In order more clearly to understand technology contents of the present utility model, especially exemplified by following examples, describe in detail.
Shown in Figure 1, the hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor of the present utility model comprises the brake pedal signal switch, the accelerator pedal signal switch, the master brake cylinder pressure sensor, shift sensor, car speed sensor, motor speed sensor, battery management system, slide energy and reclaim control dial, entire car controller, electric machine controller, voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, anti-lock ABS system, electric air compressor, the braking storage tank, the storage tank pressure sensor, super capacitor, rectification unit, voltage regulation unit and copped wave unit, described brake pedal signal switch, described accelerator pedal signal switch, described master brake cylinder pressure sensor, described shift sensor, described car speed sensor, described motor speed sensor, described battery management system, the described energy recovery control dial that slides divides level signal to be connected described entire car controller with described storage tank pressure sensor, and described entire car controller divides level signal to connect described electric machine controller, described voltage transforms the DC-AC unit, described anti-lock ABS system and described copped wave unit, described voltage transforms the DC-AC element circuit and connects described electric air compressor, described electric air compressor gas circuit connects described braking storage tank, described storage tank pressure sensor is arranged on described braking storage tank, described super capacitor is connected described battery management system by described voltage regulation unit with described rectification unit circuit successively, and described copped wave element circuit is connected between described voltage regulation unit and described rectification unit.
Wherein entire car controller is core cell, energy-storage units (super capacitor) voltage that its detection brake pedal signal, accelerator pedal signal, master brake cylinder force value, vehicle speed signal, battery management system BMS detect, electric weight SOC data, maximum charging current, the maximum charge capacity that allows of allowing, transform the DC-AC unit and communicate after logical calculated and with electric machine controller, voltage, send information state instruction and control command.
The brake pedal signal switch detects the brake pedal signal, this signal sends to entire car controller, the accelerator pedal signal switch detects Das Gaspedal, and feed back to entire car controller, the master brake cylinder pressure sensor is by detecting the master brake cylinder force value, this value is transferred to entire car controller, and anti-lock ABS system is greater than in the maximum braking force situation that ground allows and starts by calculating the total braking force demand at entire car controller.
Electric machine controller is the function unit of electronlmobil, and the instruction that receives entire car controller is controlled motor and driven or brake power generating, and by the status information feedback of motor to entire car controller.
Voltage transforms the DC-AC unit by vehicle control unit controls, when braking storage tank pressure is less than 0.6MPa or super capacitor electric weight and meets charging upper limit, voltage transforms the DC-AC cell operation, to brake and reclaim electric current and be converted into alternating current and inflate to electric air compressor, the braking storage tank refers to the equipment that is specifically designed to the motor vehicle braking system stored-gas, play the effect of stabilization system pressure simultaneously, bear pressure according to the braking storage tank and be divided into high pressure tank, low pressure gasholder, the normal pressure storage tank, on Electric Bus, the amount of capacity of braking storage tank is mated according to whole-car parameters and braking requirement, the maximum pressure of braking storage tank is 0.8-0.85MPa, brake system effective brake pressure setting is 0.6-0.8MPa.
Rectification unit is comprised of rectifier bridge and chemical capacitor, and its effect is that energy reclaims during by electric braking current commutates becomes direct supply in addition filtering.Voltage regulation unit is comprised of the DC-DC constant voltage power suspply of wide region, and its effect is that the voltage after rectification is adjusted to 1.2 times higher than super capacitor voltage.The copped wave unit consists of the brake pedal on-off signal of DC chopped-wave controller and entire car controller collection, and its effect is to play pressure regulation (Switching Power Supply), can also play the effect that effectively suppresses grid side harmonic current noise simultaneously.
Slide energy recovery control dial and be arranged on the gauge panel downside, its inner structure principle is a slide rheostat, is similar to the fan gear on-off, is divided into 3 grades, and its control method is: 1, the brake pedal signal is to open; 2, accelerator pedal signal is 0; 3, shift signal is the D gear; When 4, vehicle speed signal is speed of a motor vehicle v>10km/h, entire car controller detects and is judged to be present mode of operation is sliding mode, and chaufeur can be regulated voluntarily and slide energy and reclaim control dial according to road conditions and braking requirement.Now the control method of motor adopts the following permanent moment of torsion of base speed, the control method of the above permanent power of base speed according to the position of sliding energy recovery control dial.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the control principle schematic diagram of the hybrid electric urban bus brake system based on super capacitor of the present utility model, its braking effect mainly contains three kinds of braking strategies and is implemented, it is respectively electric braking, mechanical braking, and electric braking and mechanical braking brake jointly, its control policy is as follows:
1, traditional mechanical braking: at first entire car controller detects travel shift signal and vehicle speed signal, when speed that R, N keep off down or D keeps off a car is less than Vmin=10km/h, entire car controller does not send the electric braking control information, and vehicle relies on traditional mechanical braking mechanism to be braked.
2, the electric braking energy reclaims: it is the D gear that entire car controller detects shift signal, the speed of a motor vehicle is greater than 10km/h simultaneously, when the brake pedal signal is ON, by detecting the master brake cylinder force value, during master brake cylinder pressure when the master brake cylinder force value is less than wheel lockup and ABS and starts, hybrid electric urban bus enters electric braking energy take-back model: now entire car controller detects cell pressure and maximum charging current information and the speed information calculating electric torque of allowing that the motor speed information that sends by bus and battery management system send.Entire car controller drags generating to carry out the energy recovery by the motor controller controls motor is counter, and the energy of recovery is stored in energy-storage units for example in battery by battery management system.
The electric torque value is calculated Motor torque limit value Tge according to the vehicle velocity V under current running state of the vehicle, motor speed n, master brake cylinder pressure value P, cell pressure etc.Specifically comprise the following steps: first limit value is that entire car controller show that according to current master brake cylinder pressure value P, vehicle velocity V, hydraulic braking force F braking energy reclaims electric braking torque rating To; Second limit value is that the current state super capacitor sent in real time by battery management system allows charging current value ILimit, the current rotating speed of drive motor and super capacitor voltage U draw drive motor brake torque limit value TLimit=U * ILimit* 9.55/n; The 3rd limit value is the maximum torque Tm that the braking quadrant total external characteristics according to drive motor can apply under current motor speed; Finally draw motor braking torque limit Tge=Min (To, TLimit, Tm).
3, the electric braking energy is given braking storage tank air feed: if in step 2 now entire car controller energy-storage units super capacitor electric weight detected for allowing maximum upper limit, vehicle control unit controls braking recovery electric current transforms the DC-AC unit by voltage makes electric air compressor work, gives braking storage tank air feed.
4, emergency braking: if in step 2, it is the D gear that entire car controller detects shift signal, the speed of a motor vehicle is greater than 10km/h simultaneously, when the brake pedal signal is ON, entire car controller calculates the required total braking force of braking according to axle load and axletree adhesion value, then according to ground attaching coefficient and vehicular gross combined weight, calculates the maximum braking force that ground allows.If total braking force is more than or equal to the maximum braking force that ground allows, be judged as emergency braking, now the electric braking pattern exits, and vehicle has traditional braking to add ABS ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) mode to be braked fully.
If in 5 steps 2, namely entire car controller detection shift signal is the D gear, the speed of a motor vehicle is greater than 10km/h simultaneously, when the brake pedal signal is ON, when the master brake cylinder force value is maximum pressure higher limit under T >=Tmax electric braking controlled condition (master brake cylinder pressure when wheel lockup and ABS start) simultaneously, electric braking energy take-back model exits, and electronlmobil adds the abs braking mode according to mechanical braking fully and braked.
6, electric braking adds mechanical braking: if the pedal switch signal that in step 2, entire car controller gathers, master brake cylinder force value and vehicle speed signal do not meet step 5 Program condition, now braking requirement does not meet the procedure condition of emergency braking in step 4 yet, and electric braking is not enough to meet the corresponding chaufeur braking requirement of current master brake cylinder force value, adopt the electric braking priority principle, according to braking requirement, electric braking and mechanical braking cooperating.When the electric braking force that now according to the speed of a motor vehicle and master brake cylinder force value, adopts fuzzy algorithm to calculate is less than the total braking force calculated according to axletree axle load and axletree adhesion value, and, when above-mentioned two kinds of braking forces all are less than the maximum braking force of ground permission, now take electric braking to add the mechanical braking mode and braked.
7, the electric braking under sliding mode: when system meets 1, the brake pedal signal is unlatching simultaneously; 2, accelerator pedal signal is 0; 3, shift signal is the D gear; When 4, vehicle speed signal is speed of a motor vehicle v>10km/h, entire car controller detects and is judged to be present mode of operation is sliding mode, under sliding mode, chaufeur can be regulated the described energy recovery control dial that slides voluntarily according to road conditions and driving habit, carries out electric braking energy take-back model under system default.Under sliding mode, the control method of electrical brake system motor adopts permanent moment of torsion below base speed, the control method of the above permanent power of base speed according to described position of sliding energy recovery control dial.
The maximum current Imax can bear according to the battery of setting in P=U * Imax * 1.732 * cos ∮ determines the maximum power Pmax that motor braking reclaims, according to Pmax=T * N/9550 and Vmax=0.377 * N * r/ig* i0The motor braking torque limit Tge of middle calculating determines base speed N and vehicle velocity V2.
As shown in Figure 3: wherein in figure, transverse axis means motor speed, and the longitudinal axis means electric braking torque rating now, V1=10km/h, V2For the vehicle speed value Vmax based on determining that base speed N sets, Tmax is the electric braking torque limit that three positions of current sliding state control dial set, wherein Tmax3=Tge.
1. work as vehicle velocity V and be greater than setting speed V2The time, adopting the control method of permanent power, electric braking torque rating T reduces with the increase of rotating speed r.
2. work as the speed of a motor vehicle and be less than setting speed V2The time, adopting the control method of permanent moment of torsion, electric braking torque rating T is Tge.
3. three of the sliding state control dial positions represent Three Estate: during one-level the electric braking torque rating according to motor speed according to OA in figure1B1Controlled; During secondary the electric braking torque rating according to motor speed according to OA in figure2B2Controlled; In the time of three grades the electric braking torque rating according to motor speed according to OA in figure3B3Controlled.
By taking above measure and method, the utility model can be realized following technique effect:
(1) whole system is simple in structure, and little to the change of traditional braking system, reliability is high, and cost is low.Can meet the vehicle braking performances requirement, there is certain brake feel simultaneously.
(2) recuperated energy as often as possible under the prerequisite that meets the deceleration and stopping performance requirement.
(3) add rectification unit, voltage regulation unit, copped wave unit to guarantee the charging security that the electric braking energy reclaims.
(4), according to generating operating characteristic and the fan-out capability of drive motor, take corresponding control device to guarantee stability and the drive safety of electrical brake system.
(5) arrange and slide energy recovery control dial, according to operating mode, set the electric braking effect, reduce the driving sense tired out that chaufeur produces due to the pedal that frequently touches on the brake.
(6) when energy-storage units super capacitor electric weight reaches charging upper limit, the electric energy that electric braking is produced by entire car controller communication after over voltage transforms the DC-AC cell translation to electric air compressor work, be reduced under the urban congestion operating mode loss of electric air compressor frequent operation to electric energy.
(7) in the electric braking mode, electronlmobil is braked as much as possible under lower-speed state, reduced the wearing and tearing to brake facing of waste of power and traditional mechanical braking.
(8) entire car controller is according to speed information, master brake cylinder information etc. are according to the anti-generation electric braking that drags of different running condition Based Intelligent Control motors, the tradition mechanical braking partly produces mechanical braking, ABS opens anti-skid brake system, can intelligence switch when electrical brake system or mechanical braking partly go wrong, guarantee the safe reliability of whole brake system.
Therefore, hybrid electric urban bus brake system and control method thereof based on super capacitor of the present utility model has energy recovery function on the basis that guarantees whole brake system safety and stability, has good brakig force distribution characteristic and braking feel simultaneously.Add under sliding mode and slide energy recovery control dial, chaufeur can slide and describe electric braking electrical generator value and electric braking energy recovering effect according to traffic operating mode designed, designed, reduced greatly vehicle under the urban congestion operating mode and loitered, the sense tired out that chaufeur touches on the brake frequently.Add rectification unit, voltage regulation unit, copped wave unit to guarantee the charging security that the electric braking energy reclaims simultaneously.When the super capacitor electric weight reaches threshold limit value, the electric energy that electric braking produces transforms the DC-AC unit by voltage and connects electric air compressor, it is inflated to the braking storage tank, reduce the loss of rear electric air compressor frequency work to electric energy that frequently touch on the brake.
To sum up, hybrid electric urban bus brake system design based on super capacitor of the present utility model is ingenious, simple for structure, realize easily, there is energy recovery function on the basis that guarantees whole brake system safety and stability, there is good brakig force distribution characteristic and braking feel simultaneously, be suitable for large-scale promotion application.
In this specification sheets, the utility model is described with reference to its specific embodiment.But, still can make various modifications and conversion obviously and not deviate from spirit and scope of the present utility model.Therefore, specification sheets and accompanying drawing are regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2013202616023UCN203318182U (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | Hybrid power city bus braking system based on super-capacitor |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105620307A (en)* | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-01 | 上海惠太多元新能源科技有限公司 | Driving system and method for pure electric vehicle |
| CN106080215A (en)* | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-09 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of track traffic Brake Energy recycling system and hybrid power track traffic |
| CN106274502A (en)* | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 陕西法士特齿轮有限责任公司 | A kind of electric automobile regenerative braking control structure and control method thereof |
| CN108238044A (en)* | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-03 | 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving electric compressor and steering pump control system |
| CN108340907A (en)* | 2017-01-24 | 2018-07-31 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Control system for hybrid vehicle |
| CN110576749A (en)* | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-17 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell braking energy recovery system of hydrogen energy automobile |
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| CN105620307B (en)* | 2014-10-31 | 2018-08-14 | 上海惠太多元新能源科技有限公司 | The drive system and method for pure electric automobile |
| CN105620307A (en)* | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-01 | 上海惠太多元新能源科技有限公司 | Driving system and method for pure electric vehicle |
| CN106080215A (en)* | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-09 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of track traffic Brake Energy recycling system and hybrid power track traffic |
| CN106080215B (en)* | 2016-08-23 | 2019-05-21 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of rail traffic Brake Energy recycling system and hybrid power rail traffic |
| CN106274502A (en)* | 2016-09-28 | 2017-01-04 | 陕西法士特齿轮有限责任公司 | A kind of electric automobile regenerative braking control structure and control method thereof |
| CN108340907B (en)* | 2017-01-24 | 2021-05-11 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Control system for hybrid vehicle |
| CN108340907A (en)* | 2017-01-24 | 2018-07-31 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Control system for hybrid vehicle |
| CN108238044A (en)* | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-03 | 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving electric compressor and steering pump control system |
| CN108238044B (en)* | 2018-01-31 | 2023-09-01 | 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | Energy-saving electric air compressor and steering oil pump control system |
| CN110576749A (en)* | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-17 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell braking energy recovery system of hydrogen energy automobile |
| CN110576750A (en)* | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-17 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | braking energy recovery system of hydrogen fuel cell automobile |
| CN113193626A (en)* | 2021-05-22 | 2021-07-30 | 张洪川 | Intelligent charger starter |
| CN114872533A (en)* | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-09 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | 48V hybrid system for electric braking light truck and control method thereof |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20131204 |