CN203241391U - Device for rapidly detecting on-line enrichment gas chromatography of expiratory gas - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本实用新型公开了一种呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其呼出气输送泵设置在预浓缩器的前面或后面的管道上，预浓缩器前端接口通过控制阀分别与选择收集器出口和色谱分离柱的进气口连接，惰性气源通过控制阀分别与预浓缩器后端接口和微型等离子体检测器工作气进口连接，色谱分离柱的输出端与微型等离子体检测器连接，透镜与微型等离子体检测器的放电室窗口对应设置，利用透镜将VOCs组分分子与放电室中已有的高能量的亚稳态粒子激发之后跃迁回基态发出的特征光信号聚焦耦合到光纤，由光纤传输到光谱仪进行检测，通过电脑处理并存储数据。本实用新型结构简单、体积小、成本低、便于携带，可在医院、家庭实现快速实时在线检测呼出气中的VOCs组分。

The utility model discloses an exhaled gas on-line enrichment gas chromatographic rapid detection device, the exhaled gas conveying pump is arranged on the pipeline in front or behind the pre-concentrator, and the front-end interface of the pre-concentrator is respectively connected with the outlet of the selective collector through a control valve. It is connected to the air inlet of the chromatographic separation column, the inert gas source is respectively connected to the back-end interface of the pre-concentrator and the working gas inlet of the micro-plasma detector through the control valve, the output end of the chromatographic separation column is connected to the micro-plasma detector, and the lens Corresponding to the discharge chamber window of the miniature plasma detector, the characteristic optical signal emitted by the transition back to the ground state after the excitation of the VOCs component molecules and the existing high-energy metastable particles in the discharge chamber is focused and coupled to the optical fiber. The optical fiber is transmitted to the spectrometer for detection, and the data is processed and stored by a computer. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low cost and portability, and can realize fast real-time online detection of VOCs components in exhaled air in hospitals and homes.

Description

Translated fromChinese

呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置Exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及人体呼出气中痕量挥发性有机化合物的检测技术，特别是涉及对呼出气中痕量挥发性有机化合物在线富集实时快速检测装置。 The utility model relates to a detection technology for trace volatile organic compounds in exhaled air of a human body, in particular to an on-line enrichment real-time rapid detection device for trace volatile organic compounds in exhaled air. the

背景技术Background technique

近年来，我国以心脑血管疾病、糖尿病为代表的重大疾病呈明显的快速上升趋势。当前对这些重大慢性疾病防治的“瓶颈”是：对于疾病监测、早期发现、早期诊断认识不够，缺乏早期诊断、预警监测和早期干预的有效措施，以至于增加了病人及家庭的痛苦，影响了治愈率，也带来了巨大的经济损失。因此，研究重大疾病的早期诊断与筛查的新方法具有重大的战略意义。 In recent years, major diseases represented by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes in my country have shown an obvious and rapid upward trend. The current "bottleneck" in the prevention and treatment of these major chronic diseases is: insufficient understanding of disease monitoring, early detection, and early diagnosis, and lack of effective measures for early diagnosis, early warning monitoring, and early intervention, which increases the suffering of patients and families and affects the The cure rate has also brought huge economic losses. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to study new methods for early diagnosis and screening of major diseases. the

呼吸气检测作为一种了解人体生理代谢，特别是早期重大疾病的诊断与筛查的方法受到越来越多的重视。与常规的血液检测方法相比，呼吸气检测最大的好处就是其对人体疾病的诊断是一种非侵入式的诊断方法，也就是说对人体无损伤，病人只需吹气，收集气体后就能检测，病人舒适、无痛苦，更加人性化。而且呼吸气的采样简单方便，可重复采集，便于病情的实时监测。而常规的血液采集，常常需要采集静脉血或指尖血样，采集次数过多，会给病人带来极大的痛苦，特别是老人、孕妇和小孩，也不便实时监测病情。 As a method of understanding human physiological metabolism, especially the diagnosis and screening of early major diseases, breath gas detection has received more and more attention. Compared with conventional blood testing methods, the biggest advantage of breath testing is that it is a non-invasive diagnostic method for the diagnosis of human diseases, that is to say, there is no damage to the human body. It can be detected, the patient is comfortable, painless, and more humane. Moreover, the sampling of respiratory gas is simple and convenient, and can be collected repeatedly, which is convenient for real-time monitoring of the condition. However, conventional blood collection often requires collection of venous blood or fingertip blood samples. Too many collections will bring great pain to patients, especially the elderly, pregnant women and children, and it is inconvenient to monitor the condition in real time. the

早在古希腊的时候，医生就已经知道人体呼吸气中的各种气味能为疾病诊断提供线索，比如，晚期肝癌患者呼出的气体会有发霉的臭味，肾脏衰竭的患者呼出的气体会有尿臭味，肺脓肿的患者呼出的气体会有伴随腐败的恶臭味。而现代交警早已通过呼吸气体中乙醇含量的检测来判断司机是否酒驾。由于人体新陈代谢的产物可以经由血液运送至肺部，通过气体交换进入肺泡而出现在呼吸气中，近年来，呼吸气检测作为一种了解人体生理代谢，特别是疾病诊断的方法受到越来越多的重视。 As early as in ancient Greece, doctors already knew that various odors in human breath can provide clues for disease diagnosis. For example, the breath exhaled by patients with advanced liver cancer will have a musty smell, and the breath exhaled by patients with kidney failure will have The smell of urine, the exhaled breath of patients with lung abscess will have a foul smell accompanied by putrefaction. The modern traffic police have already judged whether the driver is drunk driving through the detection of ethanol content in the breath gas. Since the products of human metabolism can be transported to the lungs through the blood, enter the alveoli through gas exchange and appear in the breath, in recent years, breath detection has become more and more popular as a method to understand the physiological metabolism of the human body, especially for disease diagnosis. attention. the

人体呼吸气主要是由氮气、二氧化碳、氧气、水蒸气、惰性气体和痕量的挥发性有机化合物（volatile organic compounds,VOCs）组成。目前检测到的人体中 的VOCs多达上千种[phillips,M.1999]，其体积浓度在ppmv到pptv范围，主要有丙酮、异戊二烯、戊烷等。由于不同个体间的差异很大，随着个体数量的增多，不同个体间共有的VOCs数量呈对数趋势减小，平均每个个体呼吸气中的VOCs数量有200种左右[phillips,M.1999]。这些化合物包括烷烃、烯烃、醛酮类化合物、含硫化合物和含氮化合物等，它们都是人体代谢过程的产物，与个体健康状况密切相关。比如，饱和烷烃主要是通过脂质过氧化作用产生的，不饱和烷烃产生的途径各异，如异戊二烯主要产生于胆固醇合成的中间步骤[Jochen K Schubert,2004]；醛酮化合物中最重要的丙酮则来源于肝脏中乙酰辅酶A的去羰基作用。由于呼吸气中的VOCs的种类和浓度与人体新陈代谢密切相关，因此很多疾病研究开始关注呼吸气中的VOCs。呼吸气检测能帮助更早期的发现疾病，比如在疾病症状出现之前，人体内的氧化应激就会不同，相应的生物标识物就会体现在呼吸气中。不同的疾病在呼吸气中都会有不同的生物标志物。已报道的生物标识物包括异戊二烯、丙酮、以戊烷为代表的一系列烷烃等。这些生物标识物广泛存在于不同的个体中，并且反映一定的人体生理及病理情况。 Human breathing gas is mainly composed of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, water vapor, inert gases and trace amounts of volatile organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, VOCs). At present, thousands of VOCs have been detected in the human body [Phillips, M.1999], and their volume concentrations range from ppmv to pptv, mainly including acetone, isoprene, and pentane. Due to the great differences among different individuals, as the number of individuals increases, the number of VOCs shared by different individuals decreases in a logarithmic trend, and the average number of VOCs in the breath of each individual is about 200 [phillips, M.1999 ]. These compounds include alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes and ketones, sulfur-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. They are all products of human metabolic processes and are closely related to individual health conditions. For example, saturated alkanes are mainly produced through lipid peroxidation, and unsaturated alkanes are produced in different ways. For example, isoprene is mainly produced in the intermediate steps of cholesterol synthesis [Jochen K Schubert, 2004]; The important acetone comes from the decarbonylation of acetyl-CoA in the liver. Since the types and concentrations of VOCs in respiratory air are closely related to human metabolism, many disease researches have begun to pay attention to VOCs in respiratory air. Respiratory gas detection can help detect diseases earlier. For example, before the symptoms of the disease appear, the oxidative stress in the human body will be different, and the corresponding biomarkers will be reflected in the respiratory gas. Different diseases will have different biomarkers in the breath. The reported biomarkers include isoprene, acetone, a series of alkanes represented by pentane, etc. These biomarkers widely exist in different individuals and reflect certain human physiological and pathological conditions. the

现有的检测呼出气中VOCs的方法有很多。其中，依赖于气相色谱法建立的气相色谱-氢火焰检测法（GC-FID）和气相色谱-质谱方法（GC-MS）是检测呼出气中痕量VOCs的主要方法。这些检测方法的检测装置一般都包括载流气系统、进样系统、色谱分离系统、检测器及数据处理系统这几部分，其中色谱分离柱需要有程序升温的能力。早期通常使用GC-FID来检测呼出气中的VOCs，虽然GC-FID分离及定量检测混合物有优势，但是其不能鉴别呼出气中未知的化合物。鉴于GC-FID定性能力的不足，研究人员将质谱检测技术结合到气相色谱方法中，得到气相色谱-质谱方法（GC-MS）。目前GC-MS方法已成为呼出气中VOCs分离检测的主要方法。但实施该方法的装置结构复杂，体积庞大，需要提供钢瓶气体作为载流气和燃气，色谱柱温度调节依赖于大体积的箱体，不便于携带，且分析时间长，在需要现场即时、快速检测的场合中明显不适用。 There are many existing methods for detecting VOCs in exhaled breath. Among them, gas chromatography-hydrogen flame detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which rely on gas chromatography, are the main methods for detecting trace VOCs in exhaled air. The detection devices of these detection methods generally include a carrier gas system, a sample injection system, a chromatographic separation system, a detector and a data processing system, among which the chromatographic separation column needs to have the ability to program temperature. In the early days, GC-FID was usually used to detect VOCs in exhaled breath. Although GC-FID has advantages in separation and quantitative detection of mixtures, it cannot identify unknown compounds in exhaled breath. In view of the insufficient qualitative ability of GC-FID, researchers combined mass spectrometry detection technology into gas chromatography method to obtain gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (GC-MS). At present, GC-MS method has become the main method for the separation and detection of VOCs in exhaled breath. However, the structure of the device implementing this method is complex and bulky, and cylinder gas needs to be provided as carrier gas and fuel gas. The temperature adjustment of the chromatographic column depends on a large-volume box, which is not easy to carry, and the analysis time is long. Obviously not applicable in the case. the

因此，研制结构简单、体积小、成本低的便携式测量仪器，便于实时在线检测呼出气中的痕量VOCs是目前发展的主要方向。由于气相色谱仪器发展比较成熟，构造相对简单，是小型化的理想目标，所以也出现了以检测呼出气为目标的便携式GC的研究。Richard D.Sacks等(Sacks2003)用串联的色谱柱和在线微吸 附阱，采用FID检测器分离和检测了呼出气中的VOCs,他们将极性柱与非极性柱串联，改善了分离效果，对所选化合物的检测限在1-5ppb，但仍有许多不能鉴定的未知色谱峰。Edward T.Zellers等(Zhong,Steinecker et al.2009)研发了一种新型便携式气相色谱。该体系包括一个多级预浓缩器/注射器、2根色谱分离柱、一个涂有单层硫醇盐保护的金纳米粒子膜的微型化敏电阻器阵列检测器。此便携式气相色谱仪检测呼出气中VOCs的过程与Richard D.Sacks等设计的相似。该体系利用净化过的空气作为载气，避免了使用大的载气罐，对大多数的化合物检测限在ppt范围，且响应时间快（7min内分离31种VOC）。近几十年来，随着微机电系统（MEMS）的发展及应用，用于呼出气检测的微型气相色谱也不断出现。S.K.Kim等(S.K.Kim2009)设计了一种用于分析呼出气中复杂VOCs的微型气相色谱。该微型气相色谱包括一个微型三级预浓缩器、双微柱分离模块、小型化敏电阻器阵列检测器。该体系集中于一块印刷电路板上（10cm×12cm），体积小，分离速度快，检测限可达ppb级别，但水分对检测的影响很大，柱效不够好。目前这些仪器都尚处实验室研究阶段，技术尚需进一步改进和完善。 Therefore, the development of portable measuring instruments with simple structure, small size and low cost, which is convenient for real-time online detection of trace VOCs in exhaled air, is the main direction of current development. Since the development of gas chromatographic instruments is relatively mature and the structure is relatively simple, it is an ideal target for miniaturization, so there have also been researches on portable GC aimed at detecting exhaled gas. Richard D.Sacks et al. (Sacks2003) separated and detected VOCs in exhaled air with a series chromatographic column and an online micro-adsorption trap using a FID detector. They connected a polar column and a non-polar column in series to improve the separation effect , the detection limit of the selected compound is 1-5ppb, but there are still many unknown chromatographic peaks that cannot be identified. Edward T. Zellers et al. (Zhong, Steinecker et al. 2009) developed a novel portable gas chromatograph. The system consists of a multistage preconcentrator/syringe, two chromatographic separation columns, and a miniaturized varistor array detector coated with a single-layer thiolate-protected gold nanoparticle membrane. The process of detecting VOCs in exhaled air by this portable gas chromatograph is similar to that designed by Richard D. Sacks et al. The system uses purified air as the carrier gas, avoiding the use of large carrier gas tanks, and the detection limit for most compounds is in the ppt range, and the response time is fast (separation of 31 VOCs within 7 minutes). In recent decades, with the development and application of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-gas chromatography for exhaled breath detection has also emerged. S.K.Kim et al. (S.K.Kim2009) designed a micro gas chromatograph for the analysis of complex VOCs in exhaled breath. The micro gas chromatograph includes a micro three-stage pre-concentrator, a double micro-column separation module, and a miniaturized sensitive resistor array detector. The system is concentrated on a printed circuit board (10cm×12cm), small in size, fast in separation speed, and the detection limit can reach the ppb level, but the moisture has a great impact on the detection, and the column efficiency is not good enough. At present, these instruments are still in the stage of laboratory research, and the technology still needs to be further improved and perfected. the

总而言之，呼出气中痕量VOCs的分离检测技术是重大疾病早期诊断的关键技术之一。基于气相色谱建立的GC-MS仪器结构复杂、体积庞大，成本很高，且需要专业的技术人员操作仪器，呼出气样品从采集到完成检测需要很长时间，不利于病人实时在线监测自身身体状况。而目前已有的分析呼出气的便携式GC的研究还很不完善，目前还没有一个理想的低成本、低能耗、简单便携且可以实时监测呼出气的仪器。 All in all, the separation and detection technology of trace VOCs in exhaled breath is one of the key technologies for early diagnosis of major diseases. The GC-MS instrument based on gas chromatography has a complex structure, large volume, high cost, and requires professional technicians to operate the instrument. It takes a long time from the collection of the exhaled gas sample to the completion of the test, which is not conducive to real-time online monitoring of the patient's physical condition. . However, the existing research on portable GC for analyzing exhaled gas is still incomplete. At present, there is no ideal low-cost, low-energy, simple and portable instrument that can monitor exhaled gas in real time. the

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有呼出气中VOCs快速检测技术的现状，本实用新型的目的旨在提供一种新的用于呼出气中VOCs检测的在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，以克服现有检测设备体积大、构造复杂、价格昂贵、操作复杂，不利于在医院、家庭实现快速实时在线检测的不足。 Aiming at the status quo of the existing rapid detection technology of VOCs in exhaled air, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a new online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device for the detection of VOCs in exhaled air, so as to overcome the large volume of existing detection equipment. , complex structure, expensive price, and complicated operation, which are not conducive to realizing fast real-time online detection in hospitals and families. the

本实用新型提供的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，主要包括通过管道和控制阀依序连接的呼出气采集器、呼出气选择收集器、预浓缩器、呼出气输送泵、惰性气源、色谱分离柱、微型等离子体检测器，以及透镜、光谱仪和电脑， 呼出气输送泵设置在预浓缩器的前面或后面的管道上，预浓缩器前端接口通过控制阀分别与选择收集器出口和色谱分离柱的进气口连接，作为载气和工作气的惰性气源通过管道和控制阀分别与预浓缩器后端接口和微型等离子体检测器上的工作气进口连接，在预浓缩器后端接口与惰性气源连接的管道上设置有废气排出口，色谱分离柱的输出端与微型等离子体检测器待测样品气体进口连接，透镜与微型等离子体检测器的放电室窗口对应设置，VOCs组分气体分子进入微等离子体检测器放电室后被其中已有的高能量的亚稳态粒子激发，之后跃迁回基态发出特征光信号；利用透镜将VOCs各组分分子跃迁发出的特征光信号聚焦耦合到光纤，由光纤传输到光谱仪进行检测，并通过电脑处理并存储数据，实现对呼出气中VOCs的快速检测。 The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device provided by the utility model mainly includes an exhaled gas collector, an exhaled gas selective collector, a pre-concentrator, an exhaled gas delivery pump, and an inert gas source connected in sequence through pipelines and control valves. , chromatographic separation column, miniature plasma detector, lens, spectrometer and computer, and the exhaled gas delivery pump is set on the front or back pipeline of the pre-concentrator, and the front-end interface of the pre-concentrator is respectively connected with the outlet of the selective collector and the outlet of the selective collector through the control valve. The gas inlet of the chromatographic separation column is connected, and the inert gas source used as carrier gas and working gas is respectively connected to the back-end interface of the pre-concentrator and the working gas inlet on the micro-plasma detector through pipelines and control valves. After the pre-concentrator The pipe connecting the end interface with the inert gas source is provided with a waste gas outlet, the output end of the chromatographic separation column is connected to the sample gas inlet of the micro-plasma detector, the lens is set correspondingly to the discharge chamber window of the micro-plasma detector, VOCs After the component gas molecules enter the discharge chamber of the micro-plasma detector, they are excited by the existing high-energy metastable particles, and then transition back to the ground state to emit a characteristic light signal; the characteristic light signal emitted by the transition of each component molecule of VOCs is used by the lens The focus is coupled to the optical fiber, and the optical fiber is transmitted to the spectrometer for detection, and the data is processed and stored by the computer to realize the rapid detection of VOCs in the exhaled breath. the

为了更好的实现本实用新型的目的，本实用新型可在上述技术方案的基础上进一步采取以下技术措施。下述技术措施可单独采取，也可组合采取，甚至一并采取。 In order to better realize the purpose of the utility model, the utility model can further adopt the following technical measures on the basis of the above-mentioned technical solutions. The following technical measures can be taken individually, in combination, or even together. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述微型等离子体检测器可考虑设计成由放电室和与放电室相联接的进样接头构成，放电室内设置有与直流电源相连接的放电电极，进样接头设计待测气体进样接口和工作气接口。所述放电室最好由陶瓷材料制作；所述放电电极最好使用铂电极。微等离子体检测器的外形尺寸不大于600μm长×500μm宽×500μm高，总体积不大于150nL。 In the above technical solution of the utility model, the miniature plasma detector can be considered to be designed to be composed of a discharge chamber and a sample injection joint connected with the discharge chamber. A discharge electrode connected to a DC power supply is arranged in the discharge chamber. The joints are designed to be tested gas sampling interface and working gas interface. The discharge chamber is preferably made of ceramic material; the discharge electrode is preferably a platinum electrode. The overall dimensions of the micro-plasma detector are not greater than 600 μm long × 500 μm wide × 500 μm high, and the total volume is not greater than 150 nL. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述呼出气体选择器可考虑设计成由针筒、三通阀和集气室构成，三通阀的两个接口分别与针筒和集气室连接，另一接口空置，通过操作三通阀，使呼出气体中的死气体通过空置接口排空，使呼出气体中肺泡气体进入到预浓缩器。 In the above technical solution of the utility model, the exhaled gas selector may be designed to be composed of a syringe, a three-way valve and an air collection chamber. The two interfaces of the three-way valve are respectively connected to the syringe and the air collection chamber. One interface is vacant, and by operating the three-way valve, the dead gas in the exhaled gas is emptied through the vacant interface, so that the alveolar gas in the exhaled gas enters the pre-concentrator. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述预浓缩器可考虑设计成由两端细中间粗的管壳、位于管壳内的吸附段、缠绕在管壳外与直流电源相连接的加热电阻丝和包裹在电阻加热丝外的隔热层构成，所述吸附段由吸附剂和将吸附剂限定在管壳内的隔层构成。管壳内的吸附段优先考虑设置为2～5个，每个吸附段的吸附剂可分别独立选自活性碳、蛭石粉、碳分子筛1000和石墨化炭黑中的至少一种，这些吸收剂具有价廉易得和吸附效果好的特点。所述管壳的材质可为石英玻璃、不锈钢等；所述隔层可采用玻璃棉制作。所述隔热包裹层的材质可为绝缘石英纤维 布或Teflon带子。 In the above-mentioned technical solution of the utility model, the pre-concentrator can be designed as a tube shell with thin ends and a thick middle, an adsorption section located in the shell, and a heating resistance wire wound outside the shell and connected to a DC power supply. It is composed of an insulating layer wrapped outside the resistance heating wire, and the adsorption section is composed of an adsorbent and an interlayer that limits the adsorbent in the shell. The adsorption section in the shell is preferably set to 2 to 5, and the adsorbent of each adsorption section can be independently selected from at least one of activated carbon, vermiculite powder, carbon molecular sieve 1000 and graphitized carbon black. It has the characteristics of low price, easy availability and good adsorption effect. The material of the shell can be quartz glass, stainless steel, etc.; the interlayer can be made of glass wool. The material of the heat insulation wrapping layer can be insulating quartz fiber cloth or Teflon tape. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述呼出气输送泵可为设置在预浓缩器前面管道上的压力泵，也可为设置在预浓缩器后面管道上的真空泵。最好采用后一种方式，真空泵通过三通阀设置在预浓缩器后面的管道上，且真空泵同时作为呼出气被吸附了VOCs后的废气排出口。 In the above technical solution of the utility model, the exhaled air transport pump can be a pressure pump arranged on the pipeline in front of the pre-concentrator, or a vacuum pump arranged on the pipeline behind the pre-concentrator. It is best to use the latter method, the vacuum pump is set on the pipeline behind the pre-concentrator through a three-way valve, and the vacuum pump is also used as the exhaust gas outlet after the exhaled gas is adsorbed by VOCs. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，最好在连接色谱分离柱进气口与预浓缩器前端接口的管道上和在连接微型等离子体检测器工作气进口与惰性气源的管道上分别设置质量流量计，以控制进入色谱柱的载流气体量和进入微型等离子体检测器的工作气体量。 In the above-mentioned technical scheme of the utility model, it is preferable to set the mass flow rate respectively on the pipeline connecting the inlet port of the chromatographic separation column and the front end interface of the pre-concentrator and on the pipeline connecting the working gas inlet of the miniature plasma detector and the inert gas source meter to control the amount of carrier gas entering the chromatographic column and the amount of working gas entering the miniature plasma detector. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述色谱分离柱优先采用毛细管柱，内径一般小于500μm，色谱分离柱最好通过将色谱分离柱的柱尾插入微型等离子体检测器待测样品气体进口内的方式与微型等离子体检测器实现连接，即直接以色谱分离柱的柱尾作为微型等离子体检测器待测样品气体的进口。 In the above-mentioned technical scheme of the utility model, the chromatographic separation column preferably adopts a capillary column, and the inner diameter is generally less than 500 μm. The method is to realize the connection with the miniature plasma detector, that is, directly use the tail of the chromatographic separation column as the inlet of the sample gas to be tested in the miniature plasma detector. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述微型等离子体检测器的等离子体工作气的进口，最好是通过质量流量计、三通阀连接在预浓缩器与惰性气体源之间的管道上。 In the above technical solution of the present invention, the inlet of the plasma working gas of the miniature plasma detector is preferably connected to the pipeline between the pre-concentrator and the inert gas source through a mass flow meter and a three-way valve. the

在本实用新型上述技术方案中，所述色谱分离柱进口最好通过质量流量计、三通阀连接在预浓缩器与呼出气选择收集器之间的管道上。 In the above technical solution of the utility model, the inlet of the chromatographic separation column is preferably connected to the pipeline between the pre-concentrator and the exhaled gas selective collector through a mass flow meter and a three-way valve. the

采用本实用新型上述公开的快速检测装置对呼出气在线富集实时快速检测，检测方法主要包括以下步骤： The above-mentioned rapid detection device of the utility model is used for real-time rapid detection of exhaled gas online enrichment, and the detection method mainly includes the following steps:

（1）将呼出气吹入呼出气体选择器，选择收集呼出气中的肺泡气体； (1) Blow the exhaled air into the exhaled gas selector, and select to collect the alveolar gas in the exhaled air;

（2）将选择收集到的肺泡气体送入预浓缩器，利用预浓缩器内的吸附剂吸附肺泡气中的VOCs，将废气排出； (2) Send the collected alveolar gas into the pre-concentrator, use the adsorbent in the pre-concentrator to absorb VOCs in the alveolar gas, and discharge the waste gas;

（3）加热预浓缩器，使富集在吸附剂上的VOCs脱附； (3) Heating the pre-concentrator to desorb the VOCs enriched on the adsorbent;

（4）将微等离子体工作气通入微等离子体检测器使微等离子体工作气在高电压下于放电室内形成微等离子体，该微等离子体由亚稳态的原子、离子、电子组成，整体呈电中性； (4) Pass the micro-plasma working gas into the micro-plasma detector so that the micro-plasma working gas forms a micro-plasma in the discharge chamber under high voltage. The micro-plasma is composed of metastable atoms, ions, and electrons. is electrically neutral;

（5）用载气反吹扫预浓缩器内吸附剂，使热解析下来的VOCs随载气进入色谱分离柱，进行组分分离； (5) Use the carrier gas to back-purge the adsorbent in the pre-concentrator, so that the thermally desorbed VOCs enter the chromatographic separation column with the carrier gas for component separation;

（6）经色谱分离柱分离得到的VOCs组分气体随载气进入微等离子体检测器，上述VOCs组分气体分子进入微等离子体检测器放电室后被其中已有的高能量的亚稳态粒子（亚稳态的原子、离子、电子）激发，随后跃迁回基态发出特征光信号； (6) The VOCs component gas separated by the chromatographic separation column enters the micro-plasma detector with the carrier gas, and the above-mentioned VOCs component gas molecules enter the discharge chamber of the micro-plasma detector and are destroyed by the existing high-energy metastable state Particles (atoms, ions, electrons in a metastable state) are excited, and then transition back to the ground state to emit a characteristic light signal;

（7）利用透镜将VOCs各组分分子跃迁发出的特征光信号聚焦耦合到光纤，由光纤传输到光谱仪进行检测处理，并通过电脑处理并存储数据，实现对呼出气中VOCs的快速检测。 (7) Use the lens to focus and couple the characteristic optical signals emitted by the molecular transitions of VOCs components to the optical fiber, which is transmitted to the spectrometer for detection and processing, and the data is processed and stored by the computer to realize the rapid detection of VOCs in the exhaled breath. the

在上述呼出气快速检测方法中，所述肺泡气体为呼出气中排出死体积气后的呼出气；进一步地为呼出气中最后350ml的气体。在人的呼出气中，前面部分为气体死体积，它与血液无气体交换，只有肺泡气体和血液有才有气体交换，才能真正反映人体的身体状况。 In the above rapid detection method of exhaled gas, the alveolar gas is the exhaled gas after the dead volume gas is discharged in the exhaled gas; further, it is the last 350ml of gas in the exhaled gas. In the exhaled air of a person, the front part is the gas dead volume, which has no gas exchange with the blood. Only the alveolar gas and the blood have gas exchange, which can truly reflect the physical condition of the human body. the

在本实用新型的上述呼出气快速检测方法中，肺泡气体中的VOCs于预浓缩器内一般采用通过物理吸附的方式固定在吸附剂表面上。作为VOCs载气和工作气的惰性气体可为氩气、氦气或氮气，优先选用氩气。作为VOCs载气和工作气的气源优先采用微型压缩气罐气。 In the above-mentioned rapid detection method of exhaled gas of the present invention, the VOCs in the alveolar gas are generally fixed on the surface of the adsorbent by physical adsorption in the pre-concentrator. The inert gas used as the VOCs carrier gas and working gas can be argon, helium or nitrogen, preferably argon. As the gas source of VOCs carrier gas and working gas, micro compressed gas tank gas is preferred. the

在本实用新型的上述呼出气快速检测方法中，VOCs随载气进入色谱分离柱进行组分分离，其分离操作在常温下进行，通常在20～40℃下进行。 In the above-mentioned rapid detection method of exhaled gas of the present utility model, VOCs enters the chromatographic separation column with the carrier gas for component separation, and the separation operation is carried out at normal temperature, usually at 20-40°C. the

在本实用新型的上述呼出气快速检测方法中，通过真空泵控制气体选择器选择出的肺泡气体的流速，使肺泡气体可以缓慢均匀地流过预浓缩器。进入色谱分离柱携载有VOCs的载气的流量和进入等离子体检测器的工作气体流量分别由各自的质量流量计控制。 In the above rapid detection method of exhaled gas of the present invention, the flow rate of the alveolar gas selected by the gas selector is controlled by the vacuum pump, so that the alveolar gas can flow through the pre-concentrator slowly and uniformly. The flow of carrier gas carrying VOCs entering the chromatographic separation column and the flow of working gas entering the plasma detector are controlled by their respective mass flow meters. the

本实用新型将呼出气气体选择器、预浓缩器、色谱分离柱、等离子体检测器有机结合在一起，利用呼出气气体选择器选择收集呼出气中的肺泡气体，再将肺泡气体中的VOCs富集在吸附剂上，最后通过脉冲进样的方式将热脱附下的VOCs快速吹入色谱分离柱常温分离，上述VOCs组分气体分子进入微等离子体检测器放电室后被其中已有的高能量的亚稳态粒子激发，之后跃迁回基态发出特征光信号；利用透镜将VOCs各组分分子跃迁发出的特征光信号聚焦耦合到光纤，由光纤传输到光谱仪进行检测，并通过电脑处理并存储数据，从而实现对呼出气中VOCs的快速检测。本实用新型创新地将呼出气气体选择器结合到检测装置中， 通过一个简单的可拆卸针筒选择出肺泡气体，避免了通过测定呼出气中CO₂浓度来收集肺泡气体的复杂方法。本实用新型对呼出气采用了在线富集脉冲进样的方法，能够实现快速采样进样。本实用新型使用常温色谱柱分离，避免了色谱柱升温，简化了装置，减少了能耗。此外，本实用新型利用微型等离子体器作为检测器，简化了检测器的结构、降低了构造检测器的成本，减小了能耗。 The utility model organically combines an exhaled gas selector, a pre-concentrator, a chromatographic separation column, and a plasma detector, uses the exhaled gas selector to select and collect the alveolar gas in the exhaled gas, and then enriches the VOCs in the alveolar gas Collected on the adsorbent, and finally through the pulse injection method, the VOCs under thermal desorption are quickly blown into the chromatographic separation column for separation at room temperature. The energy metastable particles are excited, and then transition back to the ground state to emit characteristic light signals; the characteristic light signals emitted by the molecular transitions of VOCs components are focused and coupled to the optical fiber by the lens, and then transmitted to the spectrometer for detection by the optical fiber, and processed and stored by the computer Data, so as to realize the rapid detection of VOCs in exhaled breath. The utility model innovatively combines the exhaled gas selector into the detection device, selects the alveolar gas through a simple detachable syringe, and avoids the complicated method of collecting alveolar gas by measuring the_CO2 concentration in the exhaled gas. The utility model adopts an online enrichment pulse sampling method for the exhaled gas, which can realize rapid sampling and sampling. The utility model uses a normal temperature chromatographic column for separation, avoids the temperature rise of the chromatographic column, simplifies the device, and reduces energy consumption. In addition, the utility model uses a miniature plasma device as a detector, which simplifies the structure of the detector, reduces the cost of constructing the detector, and reduces energy consumption.

由于采用了以上一系列的技术措施，本实用新型具有以下突出特点： Due to the adoption of the above series of technical measures, the utility model has the following outstanding features:

（1）VOCs组分分离用载气和微等离子体检测器的工作气均为同一种惰性气体，一气两用，减少了需要携带的气罐。 (1) The carrier gas for VOCs component separation and the working gas of the micro-plasma detector are both the same inert gas, which can be used for two purposes, reducing the need to carry gas tanks. the

（2）采用特别设计的呼出气选择收集器，能够快速简便地收集到呼出气中的肺泡气体，避免了死体积对呼出气的污染稀释，也避免了通过测定呼出气中CO₂浓度来收集肺泡气体所带来的复杂操作，方法简单，有利于稳定重复地实现呼出气检测，因此能得到稳定可靠的检测结果。 (2) The specially designed exhaled gas selection collector can quickly and easily collect the alveolar gas in the exhaled air, avoiding the pollution and dilution of the exhaled air by the dead volume, and also avoiding the collection by measuring the CO₂ concentration in the exhaled air The complex operation brought by alveolar gas is simple, which is conducive to the stable and repeated realization of exhaled breath detection, so stable and reliable detection results can be obtained.

（3）将呼出气体选择、肺泡气预浓缩吸附、VOCs载气反吹扫有机结合，实现了VOCs气体快速脉冲进样于色谱分离柱。 (3) The organic combination of exhaled gas selection, alveolar gas pre-concentration and adsorption, and VOCs carrier gas back-purging realizes the rapid pulse injection of VOCs gas into the chromatographic separation column. the

（4）使用常温色谱柱分离呼出气中的VOCs，避免了色谱柱升温，减少了能耗，简化了色谱柱体系。 (4) Use a room temperature chromatographic column to separate VOCs in exhaled gas, avoiding the temperature rise of the chromatographic column, reducing energy consumption, and simplifying the chromatographic column system. the

（5）使用微型等离子体检测器检测呼出气中VOCs，能耗小，并简化了检测器，降低了检测器成本。 (5) Using a miniature plasma detector to detect VOCs in exhaled air has low energy consumption, simplifies the detector, and reduces the cost of the detector. the

（6）装置体积小，可随身携带，实现了实时在线检测呼出气中的VOCs组分。 (6) The device is small in size and can be carried around, realizing real-time online detection of VOCs components in exhaled breath. the

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测方法实施装置的整体结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the implementation device of the utility model for exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection method. the

图2-a和图2-b为图1局部A的放大图，其中图2-a为图1中预浓缩器3-1的轴向结构示意图；图2-b为预浓缩器3-1断面结构示意图。 Figure 2-a and Figure 2-b are enlarged views of part A in Figure 1, wherein Figure 2-a is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the pre-concentrator 3-1 in Figure 1; Figure 2-b is a schematic view of the pre-concentrator 3-1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure. the

图3-a和图3-b为图1局部B的放大图，其中图3-a为微型等离子体检测器5-3结构示意图；图3-b为微型等离子体检测器与直流电源的连接示意图。 Figure 3-a and Figure 3-b are enlarged views of part B in Figure 1, wherein Figure 3-a is a schematic structural diagram of the miniature plasma detector 5-3; Figure 3-b is the connection between the miniature plasma detector and the DC power supply schematic diagram. the

图4为图1中呼出气气体选择器2的结构示意图。 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the exhaledgas selector 2 in FIG. 1 . the

上述附图各图示标号标识对象分别为：1.呼出气吹嘴；1-1.吹气管路。2.呼 出气气体选择收集器；2-1.针筒；2-2.三通阀；2-3.集气室；2-4.排空管路。3-1.预浓缩器；3-1-1.石英玻璃管；3-1-2.玻璃棉隔层；3-1-3.吸附剂；3-1-4.吸附剂；3-1-5.吸附剂；3-1-6.绝热层；3-1-7加热电阻丝；3-2.直流电源。4.气源；4-1.气源管道；4-1-1.吹扫载流气管道；4-1-2.工作气管道；4-1-1-1.肺泡气体输送管道；4-1-1-2.VOCs载流气输送管道。5-1.质量流量控制器；5-2.色谱分离柱；5-2-1.色谱分离柱柱尾；5-3.微型等离子体检测器：5-3-1.放电室；5-3-2.放电电极；5-3-3.直流电源；5-3-4.工作气入口；5-3-5.电源连接线。5-4.质量流量控制器；6-1.透镜；6-2.光谱仪；6-3.电脑；6-4.光纤；7-1.三通阀、7-2.三通阀；7-3.三通阀;8.针阀；9.真空泵。 The objects identified by the labels in the above drawings are: 1. exhaled air mouthpiece; 1-1. air blowing pipeline. 2. Exhaled gas selection collector; 2-1. Syringe; 2-2. Three-way valve; 2-3. Gas collection chamber; 2-4. Empty pipeline. 3-1. Pre-concentrator; 3-1-1. Quartz glass tube; 3-1-2. Glass wool interlayer; 3-1-3. Adsorbent; 3-1-4. Adsorbent; 3-1 -5. Adsorbent; 3-1-6. Thermal insulation layer; 3-1-7 Heating resistance wire; 3-2. DC power supply. 4. Gas source; 4-1. Gas source pipeline; 4-1-1. Purging carrier gas pipeline; 4-1-2. Working gas pipeline; 4-1-1-1. Alveolar gas delivery pipeline; 4- 1-1-2. VOCs carrier gas delivery pipeline. 5-1. Mass flow controller; 5-2. Chromatographic separation column; 5-2-1. Column tail of chromatographic separation column; 5-3. Miniature plasma detector: 5-3-1. Discharge chamber; 5- 3-2. Discharge electrode; 5-3-3. DC power supply; 5-3-4. Working gas inlet; 5-3-5. Power connection line. 5-4. Mass flow controller; 6-1. Lens; 6-2. Spectrometer; 6-3. Computer; 6-4. Optical fiber; 7-1. Three-way valve, 7-2. Three-way valve; 7 -3. Three-way valve; 8. Needle valve; 9. Vacuum pump. the

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图给出本实用新型的具体实施例，并通过实施例对本实用新型作进一步的具体描述。有必要在此指出，下面的实施例只是用于更好地阐述本实用新型的工作原理及其实际应用，以便于其它领域的技术人员将本实用新型用于其领域的各种设施中，并根据各种特定用途的设想进行改进。尽管本实用新型已通过文字揭露其首选实施方案，但通过阅读这些技术文字说明可以领会其中的可优化性和可修改性，并在不偏离本实用新型的范围和精神上进行改进，但这样的改进应仍属于本实用新型权利要求的保护范围。 Provide the specific embodiment of the utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and the utility model is described in further detail by embodiment. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to better illustrate the working principle of the utility model and its practical application, so that those skilled in other fields can use the utility model in various facilities in their fields, and Improvements are made according to various specific-use ideas. Although the utility model has disclosed its preferred implementation through the text, but by reading these technical text descriptions, you can understand the optimizeability and modifiability therein, and make improvements without departing from the scope and spirit of the present utility model, but such The improvement should still belong to the protection scope of the claims of the utility model. the

实施例 Example

本实施例的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其结构如附图1至附图4所示，主要包括呼出气采集器的吹嘴1、呼出气体选择收集器2、预浓缩器3-1、真空泵9、氩气压缩气罐4、色谱分离柱5-2、微等离子体检测器5-3、透镜6-1、光谱仪6-2和电脑6-3。所述呼出气吹嘴1为测肺活量所用吹嘴，所述呼出气体选择收集器2由可拆卸聚四氟乙烯制针筒2-1、三通阀2-2、集气室2-3、空气管路2-4构成。所述呼出气体选择收集器2、预浓缩器3-1、真空泵9通过呼入气体管道4-1-1-1、氩气载流气管道4-1-1、旋转三通阀7-1和旋转三通阀7-2有序连接在一起；所述氩气压缩气罐4、预浓缩器3-1、色谱分离柱5-2、微型等离子器5-3通过氩气压缩气管道4-1、三通阀7-3、针阀8、旋转三通阀7-2、氩 气反吹扫载流气管道4-1-1、旋转三通阀7-1、质量流量计5-1、质量流量计5-4、氩气工作气管道4-1-2、VOCs载流气输送管道4-1-1-2有序连接在一起；所述微等离子体检测器5-3发出的光信号由所述透镜6-1聚焦，所述透镜6-1通过光纤6-4与光谱仪6-2连接，光谱仪6-2再与电脑6-3连接。采集呼出气时，呼出气体选择收集器2的针筒2-1拉杆拉到底后取下拉杆，之后将呼吸气吹嘴1、针筒2-1和排空接管2-4通过吹气管路1-1和三通阀2-2连通，通过控制三通阀使呼出气前面部分气体排放到空气中，将呼出气中最后的350ml肺泡气体留在针筒中，之后旋转三通阀2-2，使针筒2-1、集气室2-3连通在一起，取下针筒2-1上连接的吹气管路1-1，将与针筒2-1配套的拉杆旋上，将针筒2-1中的肺泡气体打入集气室2-3中。浓缩呼吸气中VOCs时，旋转三通阀2-2关闭2-2到集气室2-3的通路，旋动三通阀7-1和三通阀7-2，使集气室2-3、预浓缩器3-1、真空泵9连通，用真空泵9将集气室2-3中的肺泡气体进入到预浓缩器3-1，由预浓缩器管壳内的吸附剂吸附肺泡气体中的VOCs，其余废气从真空泵9处排出。吸附完成之后关闭真空泵9，旋动旋转三通阀7-1和7-2，使预浓缩器3-1只与色谱分离柱所在的载气管道4-1-1-2相通，打开直流电源3-2，加热预浓缩器3-1，热解析吸附剂表面吸附的VOCs。随后打开氩气压缩气罐4，作为微等离子体工作气的氩气经工作气管道4-1-2进入微等离子体检测器5-3，再打开直流电源5-3-3，在放电室5-3-1形成微等离子体室。检测呼吸气中VOCs时，确定预浓缩器3-1内吸附的VOCs脱附完毕就可以打开针阀8，使氩气压缩气罐4、预浓缩器3-1、色谱分离柱5-2、微等离子体检测器5-3相通，氩气压缩气罐4中的气体反向吹扫预浓缩器3-1，使脱附下来的VOCs随载流气流入色谱分离柱5-2分离，随后分离的组分气体进入微等离子体检测器5-3，VOCs组分分子被微等离子体检测器放电室中的亚稳态粒子激发，跃迁回基态发出的特征光信号，发出的光信号由透镜聚焦耦合到光纤再传输到光谱仪进行检测处理，并通过电脑显示出信号处理结果并存储数据，据此实现对呼吸气中VOCs的快速检测。 The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatographic rapid detection device of this embodiment has a structure as shown in accompanying drawings 1 to 4, and mainly includes a mouthpiece 1 of an exhaled gas collector, an exhaled gasselective collector 2, and a preconcentrator 3 -1. Vacuum pump 9, compressed argon gas tank 4, chromatographic separation column 5-2, micro plasma detector 5-3, lens 6-1, spectrometer 6-2 and computer 6-3. The exhaled gas mouthpiece 1 is a mouthpiece used for measuring vital capacity, and the exhaled gasselective collector 2 consists of a detachable polytetrafluoroethylene syringe 2-1, a three-way valve 2-2, a gas collection chamber 2-3, The air pipeline 2-4 constitutes. The exhaledgas selection collector 2, the pre-concentrator 3-1, and the vacuum pump 9 pass through the exhaled gas pipeline 4-1-1-1, the argon carrier gas pipeline 4-1-1, the rotary three-way valve 7-1 and The rotary three-way valve 7-2 is connected together in an orderly manner; the argon compressed gas tank 4, the pre-concentrator 3-1, the chromatographic separation column 5-2, and the micro plasma device 5-3 pass through the argon compressed gas pipeline 4- 1. Three-way valve 7-3, needle valve 8, rotary three-way valve 7-2, argon back purge carrier gas pipeline 4-1-1, rotary three-way valve 7-1, mass flow meter 5-1, The mass flow meter 5-4, the argon working gas pipeline 4-1-2, and the VOCs carrier gas delivery pipeline 4-1-1-2 are connected together in an orderly manner; the optical signal sent by the micro plasma detector 5-3 Focused by the lens 6-1, the lens 6-1 is connected to the spectrometer 6-2 through the optical fiber 6-4, and the spectrometer 6-2 is connected to the computer 6-3. When collecting exhaled air, pull the lever of the syringe 2-1 of the exhaledgas selection collector 2 to the bottom and remove the lever, and then pass the breathing gas mouthpiece 1, syringe 2-1 and emptying connection 2-4 through the blowing pipeline 1 -1 communicates with the three-way valve 2-2, through the control of the three-way valve, the front part of the exhaled air is discharged into the air, and the last 350ml of alveolar gas in the exhaled air is left in the syringe, and then the three-way valve 2-2 is rotated, Connect the syringe 2-1 and the air collection chamber 2-3 together, remove the air blowing line 1-1 connected to the syringe 2-1, screw on the pull rod matched with the syringe 2-1, and put the syringe The alveolar gas in 2-1 is driven into the gas collection chamber 2-3. When concentrating the VOCs in the breathing gas, turn the three-way valve 2-2 to close the passage from 2-2 to the gas collection chamber 2-3, and turn the three-way valve 7-1 and the three-way valve 7-2 to make the gas collection chamber 2- 3. The preconcentrator 3-1 and the vacuum pump 9 are connected, and the alveolar gas in the gas collection chamber 2-3 is entered into the preconcentrator 3-1 by the vacuum pump 9, and the alveolar gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the tube shell of the preconcentrator VOCs, the rest of the waste gas is discharged from the vacuum pump 9. After the adsorption is completed, turn off the vacuum pump 9, turn the rotary three-way valve 7-1 and 7-2, so that the preconcentrator 3-1 is only communicated with the carrier gas pipeline 4-1-1-2 where the chromatographic separation column is located, and turn on the DC power supply 3-2, heating the pre-concentrator 3-1, thermally analyzing the VOCs adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent. Then open the argon compressed gas tank 4, as the argon of the micro plasma working gas enters the micro plasma detector 5-3 through the working gas pipeline 4-1-2, then open the direct current power supply 5-3-3, in the discharge chamber 5-3-1 Form a micro plasma chamber. When detecting VOCs in the breathing gas, the needle valve 8 can be opened after confirming that the VOCs adsorbed in the preconcentrator 3-1 have been desorbed, so that the argon compressed gas tank 4, the preconcentrator 3-1, the chromatographic separation column 5-2, The micro-plasma detector 5-3 communicates, and the gas in the argon compressed gas tank 4 reversely purges the pre-concentrator 3-1, so that the desorbed VOCs flow into the chromatographic separation column 5-2 with the carrier gas for separation, and then separate The component gas enters the micro-plasma detector 5-3, the VOCs component molecules are excited by the metastable particles in the discharge chamber of the micro-plasma detector, and transition back to the ground state to emit a characteristic light signal, and the emitted light signal is focused by the lens Coupled to the optical fiber and then transmitted to the spectrometer for detection and processing, and the signal processing results are displayed and stored in the computer, so as to realize the rapid detection of VOCs in the breath. the

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于主要包括通过管道和控制阀依序连接的呼出气采集器、呼出气选择收集器、预浓缩器、呼出气输送泵、惰性气源、色谱分离柱、微型等离子体检测器，以及透镜、光谱仪和电脑，呼出气输送泵设置在预浓缩器的前面或后面的管道上，预浓缩器前端接口通过控制阀分别与选择收集器出口和色谱分离柱的进气口连接，作为载气和工作气的惰性气源通过管道和控制阀分别与预浓缩器后端接口和微型等离子体检测器上的工作气进口连接，在预浓缩器后端接口与惰性气源连接的管道上设置有废气排出口，色谱分离柱的输出端与微型等离子体检测器待测样品气体进口连接，透镜与微型等离子体检测器的放电室窗口对应设置，VOCs组分气体分子进入微等离子体检测器放电室后被其中已有的高能量的亚稳态粒子激发，之后跃迁回基态发出特征光信号；利用透镜将VOCs各组分分子跃迁发出的特征光信号聚焦耦合到光纤，由光纤传输到光谱仪进行检测，并通过电脑处理并存储数据实现对呼出气中VOCs的快速检测。1. An exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device is characterized in that it mainly includes an exhaled gas collector, an exhaled gas selective collector, a pre-concentrator, an exhaled gas delivery pump, an inert gas collector connected in sequence through a pipeline and a control valve. Gas source, chromatographic separation column, miniature plasma detector, lens, spectrometer and computer, the exhaled gas delivery pump is set on the front or back pipeline of the pre-concentrator, and the front-end interface of the pre-concentrator is respectively connected to the selective collector through the control valve The outlet is connected to the inlet port of the chromatographic separation column, and the inert gas source used as carrier gas and working gas is respectively connected to the rear end interface of the pre-concentrator and the working gas inlet on the micro-plasma detector through a pipeline and a control valve. There is a waste gas discharge port on the pipe connecting the rear interface of the detector to the inert gas source, the output end of the chromatographic separation column is connected to the sample gas inlet of the micro plasma detector, and the lens is set correspondingly to the discharge chamber window of the micro plasma detector After entering the discharge chamber of the micro-plasma detector, the gas molecules of VOCs components are excited by the existing high-energy metastable particles, and then transition back to the ground state to emit characteristic light signals; The optical signal is focused and coupled to the optical fiber, which is transmitted to the spectrometer for detection, and the data is processed and stored by the computer to realize the rapid detection of VOCs in the exhaled breath.2.根据权利要求1所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述微型等离子体检测器由放电室和与放电室相联接的进样接头构成，放电室内设置有与直流电源相连接的放电电极，进样接头设计待测气体进样接口和工作气接口。2. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the miniature plasma detector is composed of a discharge chamber and a sampling joint connected with the discharge chamber, and the discharge chamber is provided with a The discharge electrode connected to the DC power supply, the sampling joint is designed with the sampling interface of the gas to be tested and the working gas interface.3.根据权利要求1所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述呼出气体选择器由针筒、三通阀和集气室构成，三通阀的两个接口分别与针筒和集气室连接，另一接口空置，通过操作三通阀，使呼出气体中的死体积气体通过空置接口排空，使呼出气体中肺泡气体进入到预浓缩器。3. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to claim 1, wherein the exhaled gas selector is composed of a syringe, a three-way valve and a gas collection chamber, and the two interfaces of the three-way valve are respectively It is connected with the syringe and the gas collection chamber, and the other interface is vacant. By operating the three-way valve, the dead volume gas in the exhaled gas is emptied through the vacant interface, so that the alveolar gas in the exhaled gas enters the pre-concentrator.4.根据权利要求1所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述预浓缩器由两端细中间粗的管壳、位于管壳内的吸附段、缠绕在管壳外与直流电源相连接的加热电阻丝和包裹在电阻加热丝外的隔热层构成，所述吸附段由吸附剂和将吸附剂限定在管壳内的隔层构成。4. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-concentrator consists of a shell with thin ends and a thick middle, an adsorption section located in the shell, and a shell wound around the shell. The heating resistance wire connected to the DC power supply and the heat insulation layer wrapped outside the resistance heating wire are composed of an adsorbent and an interlayer that limits the adsorbent in the shell.5.根据权利要求4所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于管壳内设置有2～5个吸附段，每个吸附段的吸附剂分别独立选自活性碳、蛭石粉、碳分子筛1000和石墨化炭黑中的至少一种。5. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to claim 4 is characterized in that 2 to 5 adsorption sections are arranged in the tube shell, and the adsorbent of each adsorption section is independently selected from activated carbon, leech, etc. At least one of stone powder, carbon molecular sieve 1000 and graphitized carbon black.6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述呼出气输送泵为真空泵，通过三通阀设置在预浓缩器后面管道上，真空泵同时作为呼出气被吸附了VOCs后的废气排出口。6. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the exhaled gas delivery pump is a vacuum pump, which is arranged on the pipeline behind the pre-concentrator through a three-way valve, and the vacuum pump At the same time, it is used as the exhaust gas outlet after the exhaled gas is absorbed by VOCs.7.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于在连接色谱分离柱进气口与预浓缩器前端接口的管道上和在连接微型等离子体检测器工作气进口与惰性气源的管道上分别设置质量流量计。7. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatographic rapid detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is connected to the pipeline connecting the gas inlet of the chromatographic separation column and the front end interface of the pre-concentrator and connected to the micro plasma The pipelines of the working gas inlet of the detector and the inert gas source are respectively provided with mass flow meters.8.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述色谱分离柱为毛细管柱，通过将色谱分离柱的柱尾插入微型等离子体检测器待测样品气体进口与微型等离子体检测器连接。8. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the chromatographic separation column is a capillary column, and the column tail of the chromatographic separation column is inserted into a miniature plasma detector The gas inlet of the sample to be tested is connected with the miniature plasma detector.9.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于微型等离子体检测器的工作气进口通过质量流量计、三通阀连接在预浓缩器与惰性气体源之间的管道上。9. The exhaled gas on-line enrichment gas chromatography rapid detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the working gas inlet of the miniature plasma detector is connected between the preconcentrator and the three-way valve through a mass flow meter and a three-way valve. On piping between inert gas sources.10.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的呼出气在线富集气相色谱快速检测装置，其特征在于所述色谱分离柱进口通过质量流量计、三通阀连接在预浓缩器与呼出气选择收集器之间的管道上。10. The exhaled gas online enrichment gas chromatographic rapid detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inlet of the chromatographic separation column is connected to the pre-concentrator and the exhaled gas selector through a mass flow meter and a three-way valve. on the pipe between the collectors.

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