CN202758656U - Ceramic silicon rubber insulation medium-voltage fire-resistant cable with rated voltage of 6kV-35kV - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a ceramic silicon rubber insulation medium-voltage fire-resistant cable with the rated voltage of 6kV-35kV. A semiconductor taking silicon rubber as a base material or an insulating shielding material is adopted, so that a process of simultaneously extruding three layers, namely a semiconductor shielding layer which takes the silicon rubber as the base material, a ceramic silicon rubber insulating layer and a semiconductive insulating shielding layer which takes the silicon rubber as the base material, is designed; the ceramic silicon rubber serves as an insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer, and the structure of the medium-voltage cable is simplified, the cable is small in outer diameter, light in weight, low in manufacturing cost, long in fire-resistant time, high in fire-resistant temperature and high in non-secondary combustion or flame retardancy, and the defects that in the prior art, the medium-voltage cable is not fire-resistant or poor in fire-resistant performance are well overcome.

Description

Translated fromChinese

额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆Rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium voltage fire-resistant cable

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆，适用于有耐火要求的电力传输场合，如应用在特高层、高层大型建筑、电力传输、船舶工程、港口机械上，本实用新型还涉及该陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆的加工工艺。The utility model relates to ceramic silicon rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cables, which are suitable for power transmission occasions with fire-resistant requirements, such as being applied to super high-rise buildings, high-rise large buildings, power transmission, ship engineering, and port machinery. The utility model also relates to the Processing technology of ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cables.

背景技术Background technique

目前，市面上耐火电缆主要有以下三类：1、云母带重叠绕包的低压耐火电缆；2、矿物质绝缘耐火电缆（简称MI电缆）；3、柔性中压耐火电缆，下面针对上述三种耐火电缆做一些技术上客观的评价：At present, there are mainly three types of fire-resistant cables on the market: 1. Low-voltage fire-resistant cables with overlapping wrapping of mica tape; 2. Mineral insulated fire-resistant cables (referred to as MI cables); 3. Flexible medium-voltage fire-resistant cables. The following is for the above three types Fire-resistant cables do some technically objective evaluations:

1、云母带重叠绕包的低压耐火电缆1. Low-voltage fire-resistant cable with overlapping wrapping of mica tape

在导体上重叠绕包云母带，云母带在高温下仍能保持良好的绝缘性能，但是，由于云母层的特性限制，需采用多层大密度缠绕来弥补搭接缝处的搭接缺陷，维持工作时间不长，同时还存在小截面芯线（截面≤6mm²）生产加工比较困难，耐火性能一般，这使得该电缆重量、外径及制造成本居高不下。在火焰条件下，当伴有振动或水喷淋较长时间时，电缆内的云母层会逐步发脆脱落而造成耐火层失效，进而导致电缆因芯线短路或断路而不能确保正常工作。The mica tape is overlapped and wrapped on the conductor, and the mica tape can still maintain good insulation performance at high temperatures. However, due to the limitation of the characteristics of the mica layer, it is necessary to use multiple layers of high-density winding to make up for lap defects at the lap joints. The working time is not long, and the production and processing of small-section core wires (section ≤ 6mm² ) is difficult, and the fire resistance is average, which makes the weight, outer diameter and manufacturing cost of the cable remain high. Under flame conditions, when it is accompanied by vibration or water spray for a long time, the mica layer in the cable will gradually become brittle and fall off, causing the refractory layer to fail, which will cause the cable to fail to work normally due to short circuit or open circuit of the core wire.

为什么云母带绕包的耐火电缆不能使用在中压电缆上？Why can't fire-resistant cables wrapped with mica tape be used on medium-voltage cables?

中压耐火电缆的结构是由其在高压下运行的电气参数所决定的，绝缘线芯必须由导电线芯、导体屏蔽、XLPE或EPR绝缘和绝缘屏蔽等组成。导体屏蔽的主要作用是缓和电缆内部电场应力集中，消除导体绞合的影响，改善电缆内部电场的径向分布以提高电缆的电气强度。由于各种原因，导体表面不可避免地存在着一些缺陷，例如毛刺、锐边等，这些缺陷会在电缆内部形成应力集中或局部放电点，在长期的运行过程中会导致电缆绝缘被击穿。而在导体表面绕包一层半导电橡布带+挤包半导电屏蔽层后，导体与半导电屏蔽层形成等电位，从而均化电场，消除缺陷。因此，制造中压耐火电缆，不能采取在导体上绕包耐火云母带的方式，这样会破坏绝缘线芯的整体结构，使导体屏蔽失去均化电场的作用，而耐火云母带的绝缘强度又较低，无法承受高场强的作用，电缆在耐电压试验或运行中会被击穿；而且云母带边缘的纤维还可能形成局部放电点，增大电缆的局部放电量。The structure of the medium-voltage fire-resistant cable is determined by its electrical parameters operating under high voltage. The insulated core must be composed of conductive core, conductor shield, XLPE or EPR insulation and insulation shield. The main function of conductor shielding is to alleviate the stress concentration of the electric field inside the cable, eliminate the influence of conductor twisting, improve the radial distribution of the electric field inside the cable to increase the electric strength of the cable. Due to various reasons, there are inevitably some defects on the conductor surface, such as burrs, sharp edges, etc. These defects will form stress concentration or partial discharge points inside the cable, which will cause the cable insulation to be broken down during long-term operation. After the surface of the conductor is wrapped with a layer of semi-conductive rubber tape + extruded semi-conductive shielding layer, the conductor and the semi-conductive shielding layer form an equipotential, thereby homogenizing the electric field and eliminating defects. Therefore, in the manufacture of medium-voltage fire-resistant cables, it is not possible to wrap the fire-resistant mica tape on the conductor, which will destroy the overall structure of the insulated core, and cause the conductor shield to lose the effect of homogenizing the electric field, and the insulation strength of the fire-resistant mica tape is relatively low. Low, unable to withstand the effect of high field strength, the cable will be broken down during the withstand voltage test or operation; and the fibers at the edge of the mica tape may also form partial discharge points, increasing the partial discharge of the cable.

2、MI电缆2.MI cable

二十世纪三十年代欧洲开发成功了矿物绝缘电缆（MineralInsulatedCable），简称MI电缆。MI电缆的耐火性能非常优秀，问世后被广泛地应用在建筑物中，确确实实增加了防火安全性；但是由于其非常昂贵的设备投入，敷设效率不高、使用场合受限（如船舶工程等空间狭小的场合没有办法使用）、封头终端制作工艺复杂、不能弯曲、制造价格昂贵等缺点，限制了MI电缆的发展；同时MI电缆结构只能满足低压电缆的使用，无法用作中压电缆。In the 1930s, Europe successfully developed mineral insulated cables (Mineral Insulated Cable), referred to as MI cables. The fire resistance of MI cables is very good, and it has been widely used in buildings after its advent, which has indeed increased the fire safety; but due to its very expensive equipment investment, the laying efficiency is not high, and the use occasions are limited (such as ship engineering There is no way to use it in places where the space is small), the manufacturing process of the head terminal is complicated, it cannot be bent, and the manufacturing price is expensive, which limits the development of MI cables; at the same time, the structure of MI cables can only meet the use of low-voltage cables, and cannot be used as medium-voltage cables. cable.

3、柔性中压耐火电缆3. Flexible medium voltage fire-resistant cable

该类电缆是近两年刚推出的中压耐火电缆，主要是采用交联聚乙烯或乙丙橡胶作为线芯的绝缘材料，线芯的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽材料采用了聚烯烃材料，聚烯烃材料的硫化方式为高温压力下硫化（硫化蒸汽压力10-14MPa），挤出需要加热，使用陶瓷化硅橡胶作为耐火垫层，在耐火垫层的外面设计隔氧层，在隔氧层的外面设置铠装层、外护套。当发生火灾或受到≥500℃温度烘烤后，由陶瓷化硅橡胶被高温催化成陶瓷状固体耐火层，即“类瓷质烧结层”（耐高温可达1500℃），以此来形成耐火功能。This type of cable is a medium-voltage fire-resistant cable that has just been launched in the past two years. It mainly uses cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber as the insulating material of the core, and the semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material of the core is made of polyolefin material. The vulcanization method of olefin materials is vulcanization under high temperature and pressure (vulcanization steam pressure 10-14MPa). Extrusion requires heating. Ceramic silicone rubber is used as the refractory cushion, and an oxygen barrier layer is designed outside the refractory cushion. An armor layer and an outer sheath are arranged outside. When a fire breaks out or is baked at a temperature ≥ 500°C, the ceramic silicone rubber is catalyzed by high temperature into a ceramic-like solid refractory layer, that is, a "porcelain-like sintered layer" (high temperature resistance up to 1500°C), to form a refractory Function.

现有中压耐火电缆的不足之处在于：当外界温度很高或遭遇火焰时，陶瓷化硅橡胶垫层形成“类瓷质烧结层”后不能产生很好的隔热功能，而电缆结构中线芯绝缘层使用的又是交联聚乙烯或乙丙橡胶，正常的工作温度也就为90℃，如遇高温，绝缘层会软化，在通电状态下很容易被击穿，因此，该种耐火电缆不能持续很长的耐火时间，即耐火性能不好。而且现有中压耐火电缆结构复杂，制造成本、外径、重量相对比较大。The disadvantage of the existing medium-voltage fire-resistant cables is that when the external temperature is high or encounters flames, the ceramic silicon rubber cushion layer cannot produce a good heat insulation function after forming a "ceramic sintered layer", and the center line of the cable structure The core insulation layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber, and the normal working temperature is 90°C. In case of high temperature, the insulation layer will soften and it is easy to be broken down when it is energized. Therefore, this kind of fire-resistant The cable cannot last a long time for fire resistance, that is, the fire resistance performance is not good. Moreover, the existing medium-voltage fire-resistant cable has a complicated structure, and the manufacturing cost, outer diameter, and weight are relatively large.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的是提供额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆及加工工艺，通过采用以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体和绝缘屏蔽料，半导电屏蔽料和陶瓷化硅橡胶的硫化体系一致，使得以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽料、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘料、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽料能够在三层共挤设备中挤出，这样陶瓷化硅橡胶在作为绝缘层的同时兼作为耐火层，具备良好的耐火性能，同时简化电缆结构，减小电缆外径、重量，降低成本。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a rated voltage of 6kV-35kV ceramic silicon rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cables and processing technology, by using semi-conductive conductors and insulating shielding materials based on silicon rubber, semi-conductive shielding materials and ceramic silicon The vulcanization system of the rubber is consistent, so that the semi-conductive conductor shielding material based on silicone rubber, the ceramic silicone rubber insulating material, and the semi-conductive insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber can be extruded in the three-layer co-extrusion equipment. In this way, the ceramic silicone rubber acts as an insulating layer and also serves as a fire-resistant layer, which has good fire-resistant performance, and at the same time simplifies the cable structure, reduces the outer diameter and weight of the cable, and reduces the cost.

为达到上述目的，本实用新型采用的技术方案是：一种额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆，包括绞合在一起形成缆芯的多个线芯、包覆在所述缆芯外面的垫层、包覆在所述垫层外面的外护套，在所述缆芯中，所述多个线芯之间的中心空隙中填充有无卤阻燃填充物，每个所述线芯均包括导体、包在所述导体周向外表面上的以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层、包在所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层外面的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层、包在所述陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层外面的以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层、包在所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层外面的金属屏蔽层。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a medium-voltage fire-resistant cable with a rated voltage of 6kV-35kV ceramicized silicon rubber insulation, including a plurality of wire cores twisted together to form a cable core, coated on the The cushion outside the cable core, the outer sheath covering the outside of the cushion, in the cable core, the central space between the multiple cores is filled with halogen-free flame-retardant fillers, each The cores each include a conductor, a semiconductive conductor shielding layer based on silicone rubber wrapped on the circumferential outer surface of the conductor, and a semiconductive conductor shielded layer wrapped on the outer surface of the silicone rubber Ceramic silicone rubber insulating layer, semi-conductive insulating shielding layer based on silicone rubber wrapped outside the ceramic silicone rubber insulating layer, semi-conductive insulating shielding layer wrapped outside the semi-conductive insulating shielding layer based on silicone rubber Metal shielding.

具体实施时，所述垫层为聚氯乙烯内衬层，所述外护套为聚氯乙烯护套，所述线芯的金属屏蔽层采用铜丝编织层或铜带绕包层。During specific implementation, the cushion layer is a polyvinyl chloride inner lining layer, the outer sheath is a polyvinyl chloride sheath, and the metal shielding layer of the wire core adopts a copper wire braiding layer or a copper tape wrapping layer.

具体实施时，所述线芯有三个，在所述缆芯中，三个所述线芯沿圆周方向紧靠排列。In a specific implementation, there are three wire cores, and in the cable core, the three wire cores are closely arranged along the circumferential direction.

加工上述额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆的工艺方法，包括：首先加工出所述线芯，然后将多个所述线芯绞合成缆，形成所述缆芯，其中在所述多个线芯之间的中心空隙中填充无卤阻燃填充物，接着在所述缆芯的外面挤包形成垫层，最后在所述垫层的外面挤包形成外护套，在加工所述线芯时，先加工出导体，然后在所述导体的外面三层共挤出以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽料、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘料、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽料，控制硫化蒸汽压力0.3MPa-1.0MPa，形成所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层、所述陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层、所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层，最后在所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层的外面设置金属屏蔽层；所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽料或所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽料的材料组分及按重量计的含量为：The process for processing the above-mentioned rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cable includes: firstly processing the core, and then twisting a plurality of cores into a cable to form the core, wherein The central gap between the plurality of wire cores is filled with a halogen-free flame-retardant filler, and then the outside of the cable core is extruded to form a cushion, and finally the outside of the cushion is extruded to form an outer sheath. When processing the core, the conductor is processed first, and then three layers of semiconductive conductor shielding material with silicone rubber as the base material, ceramic silicone rubber insulation material, and silicone rubber as the base material are co-extruded on the outside of the conductor. semi-conductive insulating shielding material, control vulcanization steam pressure 0.3MPa-1.0MPa, form the semiconductive conductor shielding layer based on silicone rubber, the ceramized silicone rubber insulating layer, the silicone rubber-based semi-conductive insulating shielding layer, and finally a metal shielding layer is set outside the semi-conductive insulating shielding layer based on silicone rubber; the semi-conductive conductor shielding material based on silicone rubber or the silicone rubber The material components and content by weight of the semi-conductive insulating shielding material as the base material are:

以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material with silicone rubber as the base material comprises the following steps:

（1）将所述甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-8和所述甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-4S、所述白炭黑、所述乙炔炭黑、所述羟基硅油、所述含氢硅油在捏合机中混炼，温度不高于100℃；(1) The methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-8 and the methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-4S, the white carbon black, the acetylene carbon black, the hydroxyl silicone oil, and the hydrogen silicone oil Mixing in a kneader, the temperature is not higher than 100 ° C;

（2）然后对所述捏合机进行抽真空，温度保持在不高于165℃；(2) Then vacuumize the kneader and keep the temperature at no higher than 165°C;

（3）接着将所述偶联剂KH-560、所述双2，5硫化剂加入所述捏合机中，混炼形成团状混合物料；(3) Next, add the coupling agent KH-560 and the double 2,5 vulcanizing agent into the kneader, and knead to form a lumpy mixture;

（4）将该团状混合物料移出所述捏合机，并进行冷却；(4) moving the dough mixture out of the kneader and cooling it;

（5）将冷却后的团状混合物料在开炼机上开炼，将混合物料由团状切成片状；(5) Knead the cooled dough-shaped mixture on the mill, and cut the mixture into flakes from the dough;

（6）将片状的混合物料在滤胶机上过滤纯化成条状，即制得所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料。(6) Filter and purify the flaky mixed material into strips on a rubber filter to obtain the semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber.

在步骤（2）中的抽真空，真空度达到-0.065Mpa，抽真空时间60分钟。In the vacuuming in step (2), the vacuum degree reaches -0.065Mpa, and the vacuuming time is 60 minutes.

具体实施时，在所述以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层的外面编织铜丝或绕包铜带，形成所述金属屏蔽层。During specific implementation, the metal shielding layer is formed by braiding copper wires or wrapping copper strips on the outside of the semi-conductive insulating shielding layer based on silicone rubber.

具体实施时，在所述缆芯的外面挤包一层氯化聚乙烯材料形成所述垫层，在所述垫层的外面挤包一层氯化聚乙烯材料形成所述外护套。During specific implementation, a layer of chlorinated polyethylene material is extruded on the outside of the cable core to form the cushion layer, and a layer of chlorinated polyethylene material is extruded on the outside of the cushion layer to form the outer sheath.

由于上述技术方案的运用，本实用新型与现有技术相比具有下列优点：通过采用以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料，设计了以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层+陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层+以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层三层同时挤出的工艺，将陶瓷化硅橡胶作为绝缘层的同时也作为耐火层，简化了中压电缆的结构，使得电缆的外径更小、重量更轻、制造成本更低；而且电缆耐火时间更长、耐火温度更高、不延燃性（阻燃）更好，很好得解决了现有技术中中压电缆不能耐火或耐火性能不好的缺点。陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘耐火层在未遭到火焰烧蚀或低于280℃环境温度下，是很柔顺的热固性弹性体；在火焰烧蚀后或高于500℃温度烘烤后即由高温催化成类似电工陶瓷状固体绝缘耐火层，相当于石英瓦，很轻、很耐高温（耐温高达1500℃以上），具有一定的机械强度，遇到水淋和振动等恶劣状况时，高温催化成的坚硬保护层保证中压电缆具有良好的电气性能和可靠的耐火性能。Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: by adopting the semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber, the semi-conductive conductor shielding material based on silicone rubber is designed. layer+ceramic silicone rubber insulating layer+silicon rubber-based semi-conductive insulating shielding layer three-layer extrusion process at the same time, the ceramic silicone rubber is used as the insulating layer and also as a refractory layer, which simplifies the installation of medium voltage cables The structure makes the outer diameter of the cable smaller, lighter in weight, and lower in manufacturing cost; and the cable has a longer fire-resistant time, a higher fire-resistant temperature, and better non-flammability (flame retardant), which is a good solution to the existing technology. The disadvantages of medium and medium voltage cables are that they cannot be fire-resistant or have poor fire-resistant performance. The ceramic silicone rubber insulating refractory layer is a very compliant thermosetting elastomer when it is not ablated by flame or at an ambient temperature lower than 280°C; it is catalyzed by high temperature after ablation by flame or after baking at a temperature higher than 500°C Similar to electrical ceramics, the solid insulating refractory layer is equivalent to quartz tiles. It is very light, very resistant to high temperatures (up to 1500°C), and has a certain mechanical strength. The hard protective layer ensures that the medium voltage cable has good electrical performance and reliable fire resistance.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图1为本实用新型的电缆结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of cable structure of the present utility model.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图来进一步阐述本实用新型的结构。The structure of the utility model will be further set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

参见图1所示，一种额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆，包括绞合在一起形成缆芯10的三个线芯1、包覆在缆芯10外面的垫层3、包覆在垫层3外面的外护套4，垫层3为聚氯乙烯内衬层，外护套4为聚氯乙烯护套。在缆芯10中，三个线芯1沿圆周方向紧靠排列。多个线芯1之间的中心空隙中填充有无卤阻燃填充物2，每个线芯1均包括导体11、包在导体11周向外表面上的以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层12、包在以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层12外面的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层13、包在陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层13外面的以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层14、包在以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层14外面的金属屏蔽层15，金属屏蔽层15采用铜丝编织层或铜带绕包层。As shown in Figure 1, a medium-voltage fire-resistant cable with ceramic silicone rubber insulation and a rated voltage of 6kV-35kV includes threewire cores 1 twisted together to form acable core 10, and acushion layer 3 covering the outside of thecable core 10. 1. Anouter sheath 4 covering the outside of thecushion layer 3, thecushion layer 3 is a polyvinyl chloride inner liner, and theouter sheath 4 is a polyvinyl chloride sheath. In thecable core 10, threewire cores 1 are closely arranged along the circumferential direction. The central gap betweenmultiple wire cores 1 is filled with halogen-free flame-retardant fillers 2, and eachwire core 1 includes aconductor 11, a semi-conductive silicone rubber-based material wrapped on the outer surface of theconductor 11.Conductor shielding layer 12, ceramicized siliconerubber insulating layer 13 wrapped outside the semiconductiveconductor shielding layer 12 based on silicone rubber, semiconductive silicone rubber based material wrapped outside the ceramicized siliconerubber insulating layer 13 The insulatingshielding layer 14, themetal shielding layer 15 wrapped outside the semi-conductive insulatingshielding layer 14 with silicone rubber as the base material, themetal shielding layer 15 adopts copper wire braiding layer or copper tape wrapping layer.

以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层12、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层14采用的半导电屏蔽料的材料组分及按重量计的含量为：甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-860-80份、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-4S 40-60份、白炭黑25-35份、乙炔炭黑45-60份、羟基硅油2-4份、含氢硅油0.4-0.8份、硅烷偶联剂KH-5600.1-10份、双2，5硫化剂0.6-1.0份。该半导电屏蔽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：（1）将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-8和甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-4S、白炭黑、乙炔炭黑、羟基硅油、含氢硅油在捏合机中混炼，温度不高于100℃；（2）然后对捏合机进行抽真空，真空度达到-0.065Mpa，抽真空时间60分钟，温度保持在不高于165℃；The material composition and content by weight of the semiconductive shielding material used in the semiconductiveconductor shielding layer 12 based on silicone rubber and the semiconductive insulatingshield layer 14 based on silicone rubber are: methyl vinyl silicon Rubber 110-860-80 parts, methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-4S 40-60 parts, white carbon black 25-35 parts, acetylene carbon black 45-60 parts, hydroxyl silicone oil 2-4 parts, hydrogen silicone oil 0.4- 0.8 parts, silane coupling agent KH-5600.1-10 parts, double 2,5 vulcanizing agent 0.6-1.0 parts. The preparation method of the semi-conductive shielding material comprises the following steps: (1) Methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-8 and methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-4S, white carbon black, acetylene carbon black, hydroxyl silicone oil, hydrogen-containing silicone oil Mix in the kneader, the temperature is not higher than 100°C; (2) Then vacuumize the kneader, the vacuum degree reaches -0.065Mpa, the vacuum time is 60 minutes, and the temperature is kept at not higher than 165°C;

（3）接着将偶联剂KH-560、双2，5硫化剂加入捏合机中，混炼形成团状混合物料；（4）将该团状混合物料移出捏合机，并进行冷却；（5）将冷却后的团状混合物料在开炼机上开炼，将混合物料由团状切成片状；（6）将片状的混合物料在滤胶机上过滤纯化成条状，过滤去除混合物料中的杂质，即制得以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料。(3) Next, add coupling agent KH-560 and double 2,5 vulcanizing agent into the kneader, and knead to form a lumpy mixture; (4) Remove the lumpy mixture from the kneader and cool it; (5 ) Knead the cooled agglomerate mixture on an open mill, cut the agglomerate into flakes; (6) filter and purify the flake mixture into strips on a rubber filter, and filter to remove the mixture The impurity in it, that is, the semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber.

制得的以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料，以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-8和甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-4S为基料，与陶瓷化硅橡胶的硫化体系相同，使得中压电缆能够采用耐火的陶瓷化硅橡胶作为绝缘层，将陶瓷化硅橡胶与以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽料、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽料一起挤出。在半导电屏蔽料中，通过导电的炭黑的添加，使得屏蔽料具备了一定的导电性能，符合了中压半导电屏蔽料的性能要求，且各项其它性能符合预期的设计，具体见表1。The semi-conductive conductor or insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber, the vulcanization system of methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-8 and methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-4S, and ceramic silicone rubber The same, so that medium-voltage cables can use refractory ceramic silicone rubber as the insulating layer, and ceramic silicone rubber is used together with semi-conductive conductor shielding material based on silicone rubber and semi-conductive insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber. extrude. In the semi-conductive shielding material, through the addition of conductive carbon black, the shielding material has a certain degree of conductivity, which meets the performance requirements of the medium-voltage semi-conductive shielding material, and other properties meet the expected design, see the table fordetails 1.

表1以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料原材料的性能指标Table 1 Performance indicators of semiconducting conductors or insulating shielding material raw materials based on silicone rubber

在中压耐火电缆中，使用陶瓷化硅橡胶作为绝缘材料，并集耐火性能为一体。陶瓷化硅橡胶不但具备很好的机械物理性能，性能完全符合国际标准要求，同时还具备了优异的耐火性能。陶瓷化硅橡胶的配方和制备方法对于本领域的技术人员来说是现有技术，这里简单介绍一下：陶瓷化硅橡胶，以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-8、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶110-4S为基料，加入烧结粉末填充剂、补强剂、烧结高温粉末催化剂、硫化助剂，共同混炼为可供挤压成型的胶料，该胶料在挤包到导体上面之前需要通过添加双2,4硫化剂进行快速硫化，成为热固性弹性体。快速硫化的工艺：100kg胶料中添加0.8-1.2kg双2,4硫化剂在开练机上恒温20℃，2-5min，混炼均匀即可。陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘耐火层在未遭到火焰烧蚀或低于280℃环境温度下，是很柔顺的热固性弹性体；在火焰烧蚀后或高于500℃温度烘烤后即由高温催化成类似电工陶瓷状固体绝缘耐火层，相当于石英瓦，很轻、很耐高温（耐温高达1500℃以上），具有一定的机械强度，遇到水淋和振动等恶劣状况时，高温催化成的坚硬保护层保证中压电缆具有良好的电气性能和可靠的耐火性能。In medium-voltage fire-resistant cables, ceramic silicone rubber is used as the insulating material, and the fire-resistant performance is integrated. Ceramic silicone rubber not only has good mechanical and physical properties, but also fully meets the requirements of international standards, and also has excellent fire resistance. The formula and preparation method of ceramic silicone rubber are prior art for those skilled in the art, here is a brief introduction: ceramic silicone rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110-8, methyl vinyl silicone rubber 110 -4S is the base material, adding sintered powder filler, reinforcing agent, sintered high-temperature powder catalyst, and vulcanization additives, and kneading together to form a rubber compound for extrusion molding. Add double 2,4 vulcanizing agent for rapid vulcanization and become a thermosetting elastomer. Rapid vulcanization process: Add 0.8-1.2kg of double 2,4 vulcanizing agent to 100kg of rubber material, keep the temperature on the kneading machine at 20°C for 2-5min, and mix evenly. The ceramic silicone rubber insulating refractory layer is a very compliant thermosetting elastomer when it is not ablated by flame or at an ambient temperature lower than 280°C; it is catalyzed by high temperature after ablation by flame or after baking at a temperature higher than 500°C Similar to electrical ceramics, the solid insulating refractory layer is equivalent to quartz tiles. It is very light, very resistant to high temperatures (up to 1500°C), and has a certain mechanical strength. The hard protective layer ensures that the medium voltage cable has good electrical performance and reliable fire resistance.

在加工制造额定电压6kV-35kV陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆的工艺方法中，首先加工出线芯1，然后将三个线芯1绞合成缆，形成缆芯10，其中在多个线芯1之间的中心空隙中填充无卤阻燃填充物2，接着在缆芯10的外面挤包一层氯化聚乙烯材料形成垫层3，在垫层3的外面挤包一层氯化聚乙烯材料形成外护套4。在加工线芯1时，先加工出导体11，导体采用符合GB/T3956-2008标准要求的第2类或第5类裸铜或镀锡铜导体，然后在导体11的外面三层共挤出以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽料、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘料、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽料，控制硫化蒸汽压力0.3MPa-1.0MPa，形成以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体屏蔽层12、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层13、以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层14，最后在以硅橡胶为基料的半导电绝缘屏蔽层14的外面编织铜丝或绕包铜带，形成金属屏蔽层15。在电缆中，以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽料的性能符合要求，具体见表2。In the process of manufacturing rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cables, thecore 1 is first processed, and then threecores 1 are twisted into a cable to form acable core 10. Among themultiple cores 1 is filled with a halogen-free flame-retardant filler 2, and then a layer of chlorinated polyethylene material is extruded on the outside of thecable core 10 to form acushion layer 3, and a layer of chlorinated polyethylene material is extruded on the outside of thecushion layer 3. Vinyl material forms theouter sheath 4 . When processing thecore 1, theconductor 11 is processed first, and the conductor is aClass 2 or Class 5 bare copper or tinned copper conductor that meets the requirements of the GB/T3956-2008 standard, and then three layers are co-extruded outside theconductor 11 Semi-conductive conductor shielding material based on silicone rubber, ceramic silicone rubber insulating material, semi-conductive insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber, control the vulcanization steam pressure 0.3MPa-1.0MPa, and form a silicone rubber-based material semi-conductiveconductor shielding layer 12, ceramic siliconerubber insulating layer 13, semi-conductive insulatingshielding layer 14 based on silicone rubber, and finally braided copper wire outside the semi-conductive insulatingshielding layer 14 based on silicone rubber Or wrap the copper tape to form themetal shielding layer 15 . In cables, the properties of semiconducting conductors or insulating shielding materials based on silicone rubber meet the requirements, see Table 2 for details.

表2电缆中以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体或绝缘屏蔽层的性能指标Table 2 Performance indicators of semi-conductive conductors or insulating shielding layers based on silicone rubber in cables

  序号serial number  性能项目performance item  单位unit  半导电硅橡胶屏蔽性能Shielding performance ofsemi-conductive silicone rubber  1 1  老化前机械性能Mechanical properties before aging  1111  抗张强度最小Minimal tensile strength  N/mm²N/^mm2  5050  1212  断裂伸长率最小Minimum elongation at break  %%  125125  2 2  热延伸试验Thermal extension test  21 twenty one  试验条件温度Test condition temperature  ℃℃  200±3200±3  载荷时间load time  minmin  1515  机械应力mechanical stress  N/cm²N/^cm2  2020  22 twenty two  载荷下伸长率最大Maximum elongation under load  %%  175175  23 twenty three  载荷下永久伸长率最大Maximum permanent elongation underload  %%  1515  33  硬度（ShoreA）最小Hardness (ShoreA) is the smallest  7070  44  酸气含量试验最大Acid gas content test maximum  %%  55  55  体积电阻率最大Maximum volume resistivity  Ω.cmΩ.cm  500500

本专利通过采用以硅橡胶为基料的半导电屏蔽料，设计了半导电导体屏蔽层+陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层+半导电绝缘屏蔽层三层同时挤出的工艺，采用陶瓷化硅橡胶作为绝缘层的同时也作为耐火层，简化了中压电缆的结构，使得电缆的外径更小、重量更轻、制造成本更低；而且电缆耐火时间更长、耐火温度更高、不延燃性（阻燃）更好，很好得解决了现有技术中中压电缆不能耐火或耐火性能不好的缺点。本专利电缆的耐火性能对照国标性能如表3；本专利的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆综合比较如表4。This patent adopts a semi-conductive shielding material based on silicone rubber, and designs a simultaneous extrusion process of three layers of semi-conductive conductor shielding layer + ceramic silicone rubber insulating layer + semi-conductive insulating shielding layer, using ceramic silicone rubber as the The insulating layer also serves as a fire-resistant layer, which simplifies the structure of the medium-voltage cable, making the outer diameter of the cable smaller, lighter in weight, and lower in manufacturing cost; and the cable has a longer fire-resistant time, higher fire-resistant temperature, and non-flammability (Flame retardant) is better, and it solves the shortcomings of the medium-voltage cables in the prior art that they cannot be fire-resistant or have poor fire-resistant performance. The fire-resistant performance of the patented cable is compared with the national standard performance as shown in Table 3; the comprehensive comparison of the patented ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cable is shown in Table 4.

表3国家标准对耐火电缆要求与本专利涉及的中压耐火电缆要求对比Table 3 Comparison of the requirements of national standards for fire-resistant cables and the requirements of medium-voltage fire-resistant cables involved in this patent

表4本专利的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘中压耐火电缆的综合比较Table 4 Comprehensive comparison of ceramic silicone rubber insulated medium-voltage fire-resistant cables of this patent

本专利打破了现有技术的中压耐火电缆只能靠垫层防护火焰的原理，采用了陶瓷化硅橡胶作为绝缘层和耐火层，简化了中压耐火电缆结构，提高了车间生产效益，在保证各项性能的同时，大大提高了电缆耐火性能。还采用以硅橡胶为基料的半导电导体和绝缘屏蔽料，使得半导电屏蔽料和陶瓷化硅橡胶的硫化体系一致，能够在三层共挤设备中挤出，保证了电气性能。本专利电缆具备优异的耐火性能和很好的综合性能，能够在广泛的领域使用，不受空间、场合等限制。This patent breaks the principle that the medium-voltage fire-resistant cable in the prior art can only rely on the cushion layer to protect the flame, and uses ceramic silicon rubber as the insulating layer and fire-resistant layer, which simplifies the structure of the medium-voltage fire-resistant cable and improves the production efficiency of the workshop. At the same time, it greatly improves the fire resistance of the cable. The semi-conductive conductor and insulating shielding material based on silicone rubber are also used to make the vulcanization system of the semi-conductive shielding material and ceramic silicone rubber consistent, and can be extruded in a three-layer co-extrusion equipment to ensure electrical performance. The patented cable has excellent fire resistance and good comprehensive performance, and can be used in a wide range of fields without being limited by space and occasions.

Claims (3)

1. rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulation medium-voltage fire-resisting cable, it is characterized in that: comprise twisting together a plurality of cores that form cable core, be coated on the bed course of described cable core outside, be coated on the oversheath of described bed course outside, in described cable core, be filled with the halogen-free flameproof filler in the center gap between described a plurality of core, each described core includes conductor, wrap in the semiconductive conductor shield take silicon rubber as base-material on the described conductor circumferential exterior surface, wrap in the ceramic silicone rubber insulation layer of described semiconductive conductor shield outside take silicon rubber as base-material, wrap in the semiconductive insulation screen take silicon rubber as base-material of described ceramic silicone rubber insulation layer outside, wrap in the metal screen layer of described semiconductive insulation screen outside take silicon rubber as base-material.

2. rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulation medium-voltage fire-resisting cable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bed course is the polyvinyl chloride inner covering, described oversheath is pvc sheath, and the metal screen layer of described core adopts proof copper-wire braided layer or copper strips lapping layer.

3. rated voltage 6kV-35kV ceramic silicone rubber insulation medium-voltage fire-resisting cable according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described core has three, and in described cable core, three described cores are in the circumferential direction of the circle near arrangement.

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