CN202062079U - Device for directly manufacturing gradient material component - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本实用新型公开了一种直接制造梯度材料零件的装置，包括中部设置有成型缸的底座，在成型缸底座的左右两侧分别设置有左侧铺粉系统和右侧铺粉系统，左侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板和装粉料斗，右侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板和装粉料斗，在成型缸的上方设置有与激光系统连接的f-θ聚焦镜，成型缸底座的平面上设置有沿Z轴方向运动的旋转辊，装粉料斗的出料口呈“V”字型结构，柔性刮板呈齿状薄不锈钢片。与现有技术相比本实用新型不仅可以广泛的应用于航空航天、医疗、汽车等技术领域，在保证能够成型任意可焊金属材料致密度稳定达到95％以上的同时，本实用新型具有结构简单，操作便捷，效率高、速度快、体积小、成本低等优点。

The utility model discloses a device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts, which comprises a base provided with a forming cylinder in the middle, and a left powder spreading system and a right powder spreading system are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the forming cylinder base. The powder system includes a flexible scraper and a powder loading hopper. The powder spreading system on the right side includes a flexible scraper and a powder loading hopper. An f-θ focusing mirror connected to the laser system is installed above the molding cylinder. The rotating roller moving in the direction of the Z axis, the discharge port of the powder loading hopper has a "V" shape structure, and the flexible scraper is a toothed thin stainless steel sheet. Compared with the prior art, the utility model can not only be widely used in aerospace, medical treatment, automobile and other technical fields, but also can form any weldable metal material with a stable density of more than 95%, and the utility model has the advantages of simple structure , convenient operation, high efficiency, fast speed, small size, low cost and other advantages.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种直接制造梯度材料零件的装置A device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts

技术领域technical field

本实用新型属于激光快速成型领域，具体涉及一种直接制造梯度材料零件的装置。The utility model belongs to the field of laser rapid prototyping, in particular to a device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts.

背景技术Background technique

在许多特殊条件下，零件将遇到异常的服役条件，要求材料的性能应随构件位置不同而改变。如齿轮使用时要求表面坚硬耐磨，内部有好的韧性；涡轮叶片主体必须高强度、高韧性和抗蠕变，它的表面必须耐热和抗氧化。遇到这些问题时，最好的解决办法是在零件的不同部位采用异种材料，以满足零件使用时不同环境的使用要求。现在可以制造多种材料的零件主要方法包括：粉末冶金、等离子喷涂、气相沉积法、激光熔覆、离心铸造等，这些技术在制造精细复杂零件、防氧化控制以及成型效率等方面存在还存在一些缺陷。Under many special conditions, parts will encounter abnormal service conditions, requiring that the properties of materials should change with the position of components. For example, when the gear is used, the surface is required to be hard and wear-resistant, and the interior has good toughness; the main body of the turbine blade must be high-strength, high-toughness and creep resistance, and its surface must be heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant. When encountering these problems, the best solution is to use different materials in different parts of the parts to meet the requirements of different environments when the parts are used. The main methods that can now manufacture parts of various materials include: powder metallurgy, plasma spraying, vapor deposition, laser cladding, centrifugal casting, etc. These technologies still exist in the manufacture of fine and complex parts, anti-oxidation control and molding efficiency. defect.

选区激光熔化技术(SLM，Selective laser melting)，在国外已经广泛的应用于航空航天、医疗、汽车等行业，其能够成型任意的可焊金属材料，致密度稳定达到95％以上，且能够成型任意复杂几何形状的零件。目前为止，国内外通过SLM技术进行零件加工，一次只成型一种材料，而且工艺复杂，效率不够理想。Selective laser melting technology (SLM, Selective laser melting) has been widely used in aerospace, medical, automotive and other industries abroad. It can form any weldable metal material with a stable density of more than 95%, and can form any Parts with complex geometries. So far, parts are processed by SLM technology at home and abroad, and only one material is formed at a time, and the process is complicated and the efficiency is not ideal.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足，提供一种效率高、在成型堆积方向可以快速直接制造梯度材料零件的装置。The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a device with high efficiency that can quickly and directly manufacture gradient material parts in the forming and stacking direction.

本实用新型通过下述技术方案实现：The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

一种直接制造梯度材料零件的装置，包括中部设置有成型缸的底座，在成型缸底座的左右两侧分别设置有左侧铺粉系统和右侧铺粉系统，所述左侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板和装粉料斗，所述右侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板和装粉料斗，在成型缸的上方设置有与激光系统连接的f-θ聚焦镜，所述成型缸的下方设置有丝杆，所述成型缸底座的平面上设置有沿Z轴方向运动的旋转辊。A device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts, comprising a base with a forming cylinder in the middle, and a left powder spreading system and a right powder spreading system respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the forming cylinder base, and the left powder spreading system includes A flexible scraper and a powder loading hopper, the powder spreading system on the right side includes a flexible scraper and a powder loading hopper, an f-θ focusing mirror connected to the laser system is arranged above the molding cylinder, and a screw rod is arranged below the molding cylinder , the plane of the molding cylinder base is provided with a rotating roller moving along the Z-axis direction.

所述装粉料斗的出料口呈“V”字型结构，所述柔性刮板设置于装粉料斗出料口的两侧。所述柔性刮板可以采用齿状薄不锈钢片。The outlet of the powder-loading hopper has a "V"-shaped structure, and the flexible scrapers are arranged on both sides of the outlet of the powder-loading hopper. The flexible scraper can be toothed thin stainless steel sheet.

所述齿状薄不锈钢片的厚度为0.03毫米～0.1毫米，不锈钢片的齿片之间缝宽为20～50微米。所述柔性刮板与出料口的高度差为20～100微米。The tooth-shaped thin stainless steel sheet has a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm, and the slit width between the tooth sheets of the stainless steel sheet is 20 to 50 microns. The height difference between the flexible scraper and the discharge port is 20-100 microns.

与现有技术相比本实用新型的直接制造梯度材料零件的装置，不仅可以广泛的应用于航空航天、医疗、汽车等技术领域，在保证能够成型任意可焊金属材料致密度稳定达到95％以上的同时，本实用新型具有结构简单，操作便捷，效率高、速度快、体积小、成本低等优点。Compared with the prior art, the device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts of the utility model can not only be widely used in aerospace, medical treatment, automobile and other technical fields, but also ensure that the density of any weldable metal material that can be formed is stable to more than 95%. At the same time, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high efficiency, fast speed, small volume and low cost.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型直接制造梯度材料零件的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the utility model for directly manufacturing gradient material parts.

图2是图1中，柔性刮板与出料口的装配结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the flexible scraper and the discharge port in Fig. 1 .

图3是成型件的下部分和上部分融合在一起的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of the fusion of the lower part and the upper part of the molded part.

上述图中：底座1；旋转辊2；柔性刮板3、3-1；装粉料斗4、9；粉末a、b；聚焦后的激光束6；聚焦前的激光束7；聚焦镜8；左侧铺粉系统9；成型件的下部分11；成型件的上部分12；成型缸13；丝杠14；出料口15。In the above figure: base 1; rotating roller 2;flexible scrapers 3, 3-1; powder loading hoppers 4, 9; powder a, b; focused laser beam 6; pre-focused laser beam 7; focusing mirror 8; The powder spreading system 9 on the left side; the lower part 11 of the formed part; the upper part 12 of the formed part; the forming cylinder 13; the lead screw 14; thedischarge port 15.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步具体详细描述，但本实用新型的实施方式不限于此，对于未特别注明的工艺参数，可参照常规技术进行。The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but the implementation of the utility model is not limited thereto, and for the process parameters not specified in particular, it can be carried out with reference to conventional techniques.

实施例Example

如图1所示，本实用新型直接制造梯度材料零件的装置，包括中部设置有成型缸13的底座1，在成型缸13底座1的左右两侧分别设置有左侧铺粉系统和右侧铺粉系统，所述左侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板3和装粉料斗4，所述右侧铺粉系统包括柔性刮板3-1和装粉料斗9，在成型缸13的上方设置有与激光系统连接的聚焦镜8，所述成型缸13的下方设置有丝杆14，该丝杆14用于升降成型缸，所述成型缸13底座1的平面上设置有沿Z轴方向运动的旋转辊2。所述聚焦镜8可采用f-θ聚焦镜。As shown in Figure 1, the device for directly manufacturing gradient material parts of the present invention includes a base 1 provided with a forming cylinder 13 in the middle, and a powder spreading system on the left and a spreading system on the right are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the base 1 of the forming cylinder 13. Powder system, the left powder spreading system includes aflexible scraper 3 and a powder loading hopper 4, the right powder spreading system includes a flexible scraper 3-1 and a powder loading hopper 9, and a laser system is installed above the forming cylinder 13 The connecting focusing mirror 8, the screw rod 14 is arranged under the forming cylinder 13, and the screw rod 14 is used to lift the forming cylinder, and the plane of the base 1 of the forming cylinder 13 is provided with a rotating roller 2 moving along the Z-axis direction . The focusing lens 8 can be an f-θ focusing lens.

所述装粉料斗4、9的出料口15可以呈“V”字型结构，以保证金属粉末的均量漏粉。所述柔性刮板3、3-1设置于装粉料斗4、9出料口的两侧。Theoutlets 15 of the powder-loading hoppers 4 and 9 may be in a "V" shape to ensure uniform leakage of the metal powder. Theflexible scrapers 3, 3-1 are arranged on both sides of the outlets of the powder loading hoppers 4, 9.

所述柔性刮板3、3-1可以采用齿状薄不锈钢片，一般左右装粉料斗至少安装两片，且交错叠加的方式组装在一起。Theflexible scrapers 3 and 3-1 can be made of tooth-shaped thin stainless steel sheets. Generally, at least two sheets are installed in the left and right powder loading hoppers, and they are assembled together in a staggered and superimposed manner.

所述齿状薄不锈钢片的厚度为0.03毫米～0.1毫米，不锈钢片的齿片之间缝宽大约为20～50微米。The tooth-shaped thin stainless steel sheet has a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm, and the gap width between the teeth of the stainless steel sheet is about 20 to 50 microns.

所述柔性刮板3、3-1与出料口15的高度差大约为20～100微米，高度差可以根据需要调整与底座1平面的高度。The height difference between theflexible scraper 3, 3-1 and thedischarge port 15 is about 20-100 microns, and the height difference can be adjusted to the plane of the base 1 as required.

首先，SLM工艺描述如下：在计算机上设计出零件的三维实体模型，通过Magics 14.0软件对该三维模型进行切片分层，得到各截面的轮廓数据，通过轮廓数据生成控制激光束扫描的填充数据，将填充数据导入快速成型设备，设备将按照这些填充数据，控制激光束选区熔化各层的金属粉末材料，伴随着成型缸的下降与铺粉系统的预置粉末，层层堆积获得任意形状的三维零件。First of all, the SLM process is described as follows: design a three-dimensional solid model of the part on the computer, slice and layer the three-dimensional model through Magics 14.0 software, obtain the contour data of each section, and generate filling data to control the laser beam scanning through the contour data. Import the filling data into the rapid prototyping equipment, and the equipment will control the laser beam to selectively melt the metal powder materials of each layer according to the filling data. With the lowering of the forming cylinder and the preset powder of the powder spreading system, the layers are piled up to obtain a three-dimensional shape of any shape. Component.

装粉料斗4、9内分别装有粉末a和粉末b。零件开始成型前，装有粉末a的左侧铺粉系统先向底座1平面上铺粉，在底座1平面上预置一层20～100微米厚度的粉末a，激光根据零件当前层的填充路径扫描，层扫描结束后，调整丝杆14，使成型缸13下降20～100微米的层厚，装有粉末a的左侧铺粉系统重新在底座1平面上预置一层粉末，激光调入下一层填充数据继续扫描，直到堆积方向的粉末a材料成型完成。Powder a and powder b are respectively housed in the powder loading hoppers 4 and 9 . Before the part starts to be formed, the left powder spreading system equipped with powder a first spreads powder on the plane of base 1, and a layer of powder a with a thickness of 20 to 100 microns is preset on the plane of base 1, and the laser follows the filling path of the current layer of the part Scanning, after layer scanning, adjust the screw rod 14 to lower the layer thickness of the forming cylinder 13 by 20-100 microns, and the left powder spreading system equipped with powder a presets a layer of powder on the plane of the base 1 again, and the laser transfers The filling data of the next layer continues to scan until the powder a material in the stacking direction is formed.

当成型到两种材料的临界位置时，装有粉末b的右侧铺粉系统开始工作，而装有粉末a的左侧铺粉系统停止工作，粉末b的成型顺序与粉末a类似，只是对应铺粉系统的运行方向相反。在粉末a与粉末b材料的结合界面，考虑到不同材料热物性差别，肯定产生较大的应力集中，导致界面处产生裂纹。为解决界面裂纹问题：可以从两方面考虑：(1)材料的选择是关键，尽量选取热物性相似，材料熔化后相互间具有良好的润湿效果的粉末材料，(2)从SLM成型工艺进行优化。在粉末a与粉末b材料界面处，因材料的熔点不同、对激光吸收率不同，需要适时的改变激光能量输入，在多种材料的界面处尽量采用薄的层厚，如20～30微米，或者采用单层扫描2～3次的方式提高界面的结合强度。整个加工过程在通有保护气体的加工室中进行，以避免金属在高温下与其它气体发生反应。When the molding reaches the critical position of the two materials, the powder spreading system on the right side with powder b starts to work, while the powder spreading system on the left side with powder a stops working. The molding sequence of powder b is similar to that of powder a, except that The spreading system operates in the opposite direction. At the bonding interface between powder a and powder b, considering the difference in thermal and physical properties of different materials, a large stress concentration must occur, resulting in cracks at the interface. In order to solve the problem of interface cracks: two aspects can be considered: (1) The selection of materials is the key, try to select powder materials with similar thermal physical properties and good wetting effect between materials after melting, (2) from the SLM molding process optimization. At the interface between powder a and powder b, due to the different melting points of materials and different laser absorption rates, it is necessary to change the laser energy input in a timely manner. At the interface of various materials, try to use a thin layer thickness, such as 20-30 microns, Alternatively, scan the single layer for 2 to 3 times to improve the bonding strength of the interface. The entire processing process is carried out in a processing chamber with a protective gas to prevent the metal from reacting with other gases at high temperatures.

虽然本实用新型的功能可以采用三缸方式实现，但是相比于本专利中的单缸结构，在机器的体积、成本上将有很大的优势。Although the function of the utility model can be realized in a three-cylinder manner, compared with the single-cylinder structure in this patent, there will be great advantages in the volume and cost of the machine.

另外，针对堆积方向为多种材料的零件成型，一个难点是如何在成型后回收粉末，保证材料重复使用，本专利建议两种粉末间采用具有一定粒度分布差别的粉末，如粉末a的粒度分布范围为15～25微米，而粉末b的粒度分布范围为40～60微米，当零件加工完成后，通过筛子将粉末分开，保证循环利用。In addition, for the molding of parts with multiple materials in the stacking direction, one difficulty is how to recycle the powder after molding to ensure that the material can be reused. This patent suggests that the powder with a certain particle size distribution difference be used between the two powders, such as the particle size distribution of powder a The range is 15-25 microns, and the particle size distribution range of powder b is 40-60 microns. After the parts are processed, the powders are separated by sieves to ensure recycling.

如图3所示，下面以成型零件的上部分12为铜，下部分11为工具钢为例，介绍该实用新型的工作原理：首先由左侧铺粉系统在成底座1平面上预置工具钢的粉末a，旋转辊2将粉末a刮压平，然后电脑控制激光系统的聚焦后激光束6按照该层的扫描数据扫描，熔化第一种粉末a，调整丝杆14使成型缸13下降，左侧铺粉系统重新预置一层粉末，层层加工，直至加工到成型零件下部分11(工具钢)与成型零件上部分12(Cu)的临界层。然后，再由右侧铺粉系统9将粉末b预置到已成型一定高度的工具钢零件表面，改变激光扫描参数，以保证粉末b(Cu)与工具钢已成型层之间的牢固结合。同时为了保证两种材料界面之间的结合强度，需要在临界层进行反复扫描，以提高工具钢/Cu材料临界层的结合，最终获得Z轴方向的多种材料堆积成型，获得下部11为工具钢，上部为12为铜的成型件。As shown in Figure 3, taking the upper part 12 of the formed part as copper and the lower part 11 as tool steel as an example, the working principle of this utility model is introduced: first, the left side powder spreading system presets tools on the plane of the forming base 1 For steel powder a, the rotating roller 2 scrapes and flattens the powder a, and then the laser beam 6 scans according to the scanning data of the layer after the laser system is focused by the computer to melt the first powder a, adjust the screw rod 14 to lower the molding cylinder 13 , the powder spreading system on the left presets a new layer of powder, and processes layer by layer until the critical layer of the lower part 11 (tool steel) of the formed part and the upper part 12 (Cu) of the formed part is processed. Then, the powder b spreading system 9 on the right pre-sets the powder b on the surface of the molded tool steel part at a certain height, and changes the laser scanning parameters to ensure a firm bond between the powder b (Cu) and the molded layer of the tool steel. At the same time, in order to ensure the bonding strength between the two material interfaces, it is necessary to scan the critical layer repeatedly to improve the bonding of the critical layer of the tool steel/Cu material, and finally obtain the accumulation of various materials in the Z-axis direction, and obtain the lower part 11 as the tool steel, and the upper part is 12 formed parts of copper.

如上所述便可较好的实现本实用新型。As mentioned above, the utility model can be better realized.

上述实施例仅为本实用新型较佳的实施方式，但本实用新型的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is only the preferred implementation mode of the present utility model, but the implementation mode of the present utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications and substitutions made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present utility model , combination, and simplification, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (5)

1. device of directly making the functionally gradient material (FGM) part, it is characterized in that: comprise that the middle part is provided with the base of moulding cylinder, be respectively arranged with left side shop powder system and shop, right side powder system in the left and right sides of moulding cylinder bottom seat, shop, described left side powder system comprises flexible scraper plate and dress powder bucket, shop, described right side powder system comprises flexible scraper plate and dress powder bucket, above the moulding cylinder, be provided with the focus lamp that is connected with laser system, the below of described moulding cylinder is provided with screw mandrel, and the plane of described moulding cylinder bottom seat is provided with the rotation roller that moves along Z-direction.

2. the device of direct manufacturing functionally gradient material (FGM) part according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described focus lamp is a f-θ focus lamp.

3. the device of direct manufacturing functionally gradient material (FGM) part according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the discharging opening of described dress powder bucket is " V " font structure, described flexible scraper plate is arranged at the both sides of dress powder bucket discharging opening, and described flexible scraper plate is the thin stainless steel substrates of dentation.

4. the device of direct manufacturing functionally gradient material (FGM) part according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the thickness of the thin stainless steel substrates of described dentation is 0.03 millimeter～0.1 millimeter, and stitching wide between the gear piece of stainless steel substrates is 20 microns～50 microns.

5. the device of direct manufacturing functionally gradient material (FGM) part according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the difference in height of described flexible scraper plate and discharging opening is 20 microns～100 microns.

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