CN201942729U - Semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本实用新型涉及一种半连续真空感应加热镁还原炉，属于有色金属生产领域，适用于碳热法还原金属镁及硅热法还原金属镁。还原炉由半连续加料系统、感应加热系统、出渣系统、镁蒸气冷凝系统、镁锭浇注系统以及真空系统组成。还原区域采用真空感应加热，加热温度不低于1000℃；镁蒸气冷凝系统采用电阻加热，确保镁蒸气不以粉末形式冷凝。还原炉渣从还原罐下部排出，金属镁从镁浇注系统浇注为镁锭。实现了进料，出渣，浇注镁锭的半连续生产。将反应容器和镁蒸气收集器分离。该还原炉能够半连续进出料，适合皮江法和碳热还原法炼镁工艺的真空冶金设备，取代皮江法传统的间断式的还原罐工艺，提高热效率，提高产量，降低能耗，降低污染以及设备损耗。

The utility model relates to a semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace, which belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal production and is suitable for reducing metal magnesium by carbothermal method and silicon thermal method. The reduction furnace is composed of semi-continuous feeding system, induction heating system, slag discharge system, magnesium vapor condensation system, magnesium ingot pouring system and vacuum system. The reduction area adopts vacuum induction heating, and the heating temperature is not lower than 1000°C; the magnesium vapor condensation system adopts resistance heating to ensure that the magnesium vapor does not condense in the form of powder. The reduction slag is discharged from the lower part of the reduction tank, and the metal magnesium is poured into magnesium ingots from the magnesium pouring system. The semi-continuous production of feeding, slag discharging and pouring magnesium ingots has been realized. Separate the reaction vessel from the magnesium vapor trap. The reduction furnace can semi-continuously feed and discharge materials, and is suitable for the vacuum metallurgical equipment of Pidgeon method and carbothermal reduction magnesium smelting process, replacing the traditional intermittent reduction tank process of Pidgeon method, improving thermal efficiency, increasing output, reducing energy consumption, pollution and equipment loss.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种半连续真空感应加热镁还原炉A semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及热还原炼镁，特别是涉及真空冶金炼镁的半连续真空感应加热镁还原炉。The utility model relates to thermal reduction magnesium smelting, in particular to a semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace for vacuum metallurgy magnesium smelting.

背景技术Background technique

金属镁由于其优良的物理性能和机械加工性能，使用量正在不断增大，其应用领域也正在不断拓宽。从发现金属镁至今200年的时间里，镁工业得到了快速发展，镁以“时代金属”的角色出现在冶金材料的舞台上，成为有色金属的佼佼者，现镁已经成为继铜、铝、铅、锌之后的第五大有色金属。加上镁资源特别丰富，因此金属镁已成为21世纪最有前途的轻量化材料和绿色金属工程材料。Due to its excellent physical properties and mechanical processing properties, the use of magnesium metal is increasing, and its application fields are also expanding. In the 200 years since the discovery of magnesium metal, the magnesium industry has developed rapidly. Magnesium has appeared on the stage of metallurgical materials as a "metal of the times" and has become a leader in non-ferrous metals. The fifth largest non-ferrous metal after lead and zinc. In addition, magnesium resources are particularly rich, so metal magnesium has become the most promising lightweight material and green metal engineering material in the 21st century.

目前，世界各国镁工业中的主要生产方法可分为两类：一类是熔盐电解法，另一类是热还原法(硅热法、碳热法、碳化物热法)。热还原炼镁中只有皮江法在工业上实际应用，以硅铁为还原剂，在一定真空度和温度下，将煅烧过的白云石或菱镁矿进行硅热还原，最后冷凝得到金属镁。该方法的缺点主要是还原剂硅铁比较贵，还原罐需使用特殊合金钢制作，价格昂贵，而且受材料的限制，其尺寸不能过大，作业温度不能过高，使用寿命比较短。熔融盐电解以氯化镁为原料，在氯化镁熔融状态下通入直流电进行电解，阴极得到金属镁，阳极放出氯气。该方法的缺点主要是要求镁的氯化物不含水，阴极放出的是氯气，对环境污染较大，而且设备投资大，能耗也高。At present, the main production methods in the magnesium industry in various countries in the world can be divided into two categories: one is molten salt electrolysis, and the other is thermal reduction (silicon thermal method, carbon thermal method, carbide thermal method). Among thermal reduction magnesium smelting, only the Pidgeon method is practically applied in industry. Ferrosilicon is used as the reducing agent, and the calcined dolomite or magnesite is subjected to silicon thermal reduction under a certain vacuum degree and temperature, and finally condensed to obtain metallic magnesium. . The main disadvantage of this method is that the reducing agent ferrosilicon is relatively expensive, and the reduction tank needs to be made of special alloy steel, which is expensive, and limited by the material, its size cannot be too large, the operating temperature cannot be too high, and its service life is relatively short. Molten salt electrolysis uses magnesium chloride as a raw material, and direct current is passed through in the molten state of magnesium chloride for electrolysis, metal magnesium is obtained at the cathode, and chlorine gas is released at the anode. The main disadvantage of this method is that the magnesium chloride is required to be free of water, and the cathode emits chlorine gas, which has great environmental pollution, and the investment in equipment is large, and the energy consumption is also high.

目前，国内有很多研究人员针对皮江法炼镁的设备进行了改造，其中包括宁夏惠冶镁业有限公司的吴振荣设计的联体分仓式炼镁还原炉(专利号ZL 02293616.5)，该还原炉的特征是将还原炉分为数个单独单元，这样可以对每个单元进行单独装料、加热和出料，且每个单元互不影响。辽宁省民兴矿业有限公司的王恩民设计了一种垂立型炼镁还原炉(专利号ZL 99250824.X)，其特征在于在炉体的上部有一个燃烧室，下部有四个主燃烧室及四个排烟道，还原罐为垂立式，在上部四个结晶冷却水套中设置四个镁结晶器。宁夏华源冶金实业有限公司的辛卫亚设计了一种高效节能环保型金属镁还原炉(专利号ZL200620119522.4)，该还原炉设计了蓄热室，降低了能耗。陕西西科博尔科技有限责任公司的王晓刚设计了内热式-多热源-电热法金属镁还原炉(专利号ZL200620136021.7)，该炉体内设有反应仓和热渣仓，炉体进料口上部设有进料、贮料仓，该炉便于自动化操作。北京胜亚恒源热能技术开发有限公司的辛卫亚设计了一种内置加热管镁还原炉(申请号200610091061.9)，该炉的特征在于在炉膛内装有加热管，依靠煤气燃烧在加热管里产生的热量，通过热辐射和热传导将热量传给置于炉体内的被加热的原料。除了上述的几种镁还原炉外，还有很多改进的方法，主要是针对加热系统进行的改造，对冷凝系统改造的较少，而且基本上都是间断生产的半开放体系，生产效率低，环境污染大。At present, many domestic researchers have carried out transformations on the Pidgeon method magnesium smelting equipment, including the conjoined compartment-type magnesium smelting reduction furnace designed by Wu Zhenrong of Ningxia Huiye Magnesium Industry Co., Ltd. (patent number ZL 02293616.5). The characteristic of the furnace is that the reduction furnace is divided into several individual units, so that each unit can be charged, heated and discharged independently, and each unit does not affect each other. Wang Enmin of Liaoning Minxing Mining Co., Ltd. designed a vertical magnesium smelting reduction furnace (patent number ZL 99250824.X), which is characterized in that there is a combustion chamber on the upper part of the furnace body, four main combustion chambers and There are four flue exhaust ducts, the reduction tank is vertical, and four magnesium crystallizers are set in the upper four crystallization cooling water jackets. Xin Weiya of Ningxia Huayuan Metallurgical Industry Co., Ltd. designed a high-efficiency, energy-saving and environmentally friendly magnesium reduction furnace (patent number ZL200620119522.4). The reduction furnace is designed with a regenerator to reduce energy consumption. Wang Xiaogang of Shaanxi Xikeboer Technology Co., Ltd. designed an internal heating type-multi-heat source-electrothermal method metal magnesium reduction furnace (patent number ZL200620136021.7). The furnace body is equipped with a reaction chamber and a hot slag chamber. The upper part is equipped with feeding and storage bins, and the furnace is convenient for automatic operation. Xin Weiya of Beijing Shengya Hengyuan Thermal Energy Technology Development Co., Ltd. designed a magnesium reduction furnace with a built-in heating tube (application number 200610091061.9). , the heat is transferred to the heated raw material placed in the furnace body through heat radiation and heat conduction. In addition to the above-mentioned several magnesium reduction furnaces, there are many improvement methods, mainly for the transformation of the heating system, less for the condensation system, and basically they are semi-open systems with intermittent production, and the production efficiency is low. Environmental pollution is great.

综上所述，相比于其他研究者所发明的真空炉，使用本研发的真空冶金炉进行碳热或硅热还原氧化镁(或含镁矿石)制取金属镁具有流程短、节能、环保、生产成本低等特点。使用本研发的真空冶金炉进行碳热或硅热还原氧化镁(或含镁矿石)制取金属镁可以得到结晶块状镁团，提高了操作的安全性。该真空炉坩埚容量更大，并且采用半连续进出料，提高了生产效率，可直接扩大，应用于金属镁的工业化生产。To sum up, compared with the vacuum furnaces invented by other researchers, the use of the vacuum metallurgical furnace developed by this research to produce metal magnesium by carbothermal or silicon thermal reduction of magnesium oxide (or magnesium-containing ore) has a short process, energy saving, and environmental protection. , Low production cost and so on. Using the vacuum metallurgical furnace developed by this invention to produce metallic magnesium by carbothermal or silicothermal reduction of magnesium oxide (or magnesium-containing ore) can obtain crystalline massive magnesium clusters, which improves the safety of the operation. The crucible of the vacuum furnace has a larger capacity, and adopts semi-continuous feeding and discharging, which improves the production efficiency, can be directly expanded, and is applied to the industrial production of metal magnesium.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的是设计一种能够半连续进出料，适合皮江法和碳热还原法炼镁工艺的真空冶金设备，取代皮江法传统的间断式的还原罐工艺，提高热效率，提高产量，降低能耗，降低污染以及设备损耗。The purpose of this utility model is to design a vacuum metallurgical equipment capable of semi-continuous feeding and discharging, which is suitable for the Pidgeon process and carbothermal reduction process of magnesium smelting, to replace the traditional intermittent reduction tank process of the Pidgeon process, to improve thermal efficiency and increase output , Reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution and equipment loss.

本实用新型半连续真空感应加热镁还原炉结构是：由半连续加料系统、感应加热系统、出渣系统、镁蒸气冷凝系统、镁锭浇注系统以及真空系统组成，具体包括：半连续进料系统(1)，还原炉炉盖(2)，还原炉体(3)，保温材料(4)，坩埚(5)，感应线圈(6)，半连续出渣系统(7)，卸渣室(8)，旋转装置(9)，气体传输管道(10)，镁蒸气冷凝室(11)，镁蒸气冷却系统(12)，水冷套(13)，镁液控制阀(15)，浇注室(16)，真空泵(17)，The structure of the utility model semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace is composed of a semi-continuous feeding system, an induction heating system, a slag discharge system, a magnesium vapor condensation system, a magnesium ingot pouring system and a vacuum system, specifically including: a semi-continuous feeding system (1), reduction furnace cover (2), reduction furnace body (3), insulation material (4), crucible (5), induction coil (6), semi-continuous slagging system (7), slag discharge chamber (8 ), rotating device (9), gas transmission pipeline (10), magnesium vapor condensation chamber (11), magnesium vapor cooling system (12), water cooling jacket (13), magnesium liquid control valve (15), pouring chamber (16) , vacuum pump (17),

还原炉体(3)上端为半连续进料系统(1)，下方为出渣系统(7)，在坩埚上方连接气体传输管道(10)，坩埚正上方为坩埚上端密封装置，在进行反应时，该装置处于封闭状态，进行加料时，该装置抬起并旋转打开；坩埚下方为出渣系统(7)，设有闸阀和卸渣室(8)；气体传输管道(10)一端连接镁还原坩埚(5)，另一端连接镁蒸气冷凝系统(12)；镁蒸气冷凝系统上端接有真空泵(17)，在抽气孔下端设有冷凝室(11)，浇注室(16)设有控制阀。The upper end of the reduction furnace body (3) is a semi-continuous feeding system (1), the lower part is a slag discharge system (7), the gas transmission pipeline (10) is connected above the crucible, and the upper end sealing device of the crucible is directly above the crucible. , the device is in a closed state. When feeding, the device is lifted and rotated to open; below the crucible is a slag discharge system (7), which is provided with a gate valve and a slag discharge chamber (8); one end of the gas transmission pipeline (10) is connected to the magnesium reduction The crucible (5) is connected to the magnesium vapor condensation system (12) at the other end; a vacuum pump (17) is connected to the upper end of the magnesium vapor condensation system, a condensation chamber (11) is provided at the lower end of the air extraction hole, and a control valve is provided in the pouring chamber (16).

所述还原炉体(3)中安装有石墨坩埚(5)和感应线圈(6)，还原炉体(3)用不锈钢板焊接而成，成圆柱形，炉膛内抽真空，炉体开侧门。Graphite crucible (5) and induction coil (6) are installed in described reduction furnace body (3), and reduction furnace body (3) is welded with stainless steel plate, becomes cylinder shape, vacuumizes in the hearth, furnace body opens side door.

将反应容器和镁蒸气收集器分离。Separate the reaction vessel from the magnesium vapor trap.

反应器中加热方式除采用感应加热外还可以采用真空电阻加热。In addition to induction heating, the heating method in the reactor can also use vacuum resistance heating.

本实用新型采用真空感应加热，可以在较短时间内使反应物料加热到实际反应温度，且该发明为半连续操作，相比于传统的皮江法而言，其还原坩埚内温度一直处于反应发生温度，而皮江法每次还原罐进入都是处于冷态，需要重新加热，所以该发明相对于皮江法在热效率方面有着较大的改善。实现了进料，出渣，浇注镁锭的半连续生产。将反应容器和镁蒸气收集器分离。反应器中加热方式除了感应加热，也可采用真空电阻加热。本实用新型单独设计了镁冷凝室，使气态镁冷凝为液态并浇注成锭，避免了金属镁粉的生成，使生产操作更为安全。The utility model adopts vacuum induction heating, which can heat the reaction materials to the actual reaction temperature in a short period of time, and the invention is a semi-continuous operation. Compared with the traditional Pidgeon method, the temperature in the reduction crucible is always at the reaction temperature. However, the Pidgeon method is in a cold state every time the reduction tank enters and needs to be reheated, so this invention has a greater improvement in thermal efficiency compared with the Pidgeon method. The semi-continuous production of feeding, slag discharging and pouring magnesium ingots has been realized. Separate the reaction vessel from the magnesium vapor trap. In addition to induction heating, the heating method in the reactor can also be vacuum resistance heating. The utility model independently designs a magnesium condensation chamber to condense the gaseous magnesium into a liquid state and pour it into an ingot, avoiding the generation of metal magnesium powder and making the production operation safer.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型还原炉和还原罐结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a reduction furnace and a reduction tank of the present invention.

图中：1-半连续进料系统；2-还原炉炉盖；3-还原炉体；4-保温材料；5-坩埚；6-感应线圈；7-出渣系统；8-卸渣室；9-旋转装置；10-气体传输管道；11-镁蒸气冷凝室；12-镁蒸气冷凝系统；13-水冷套；14-保温材料；15-镁液控制阀；16-镁浇注室；17-真空系统。In the figure: 1-semi-continuous feeding system; 2-reduction furnace cover; 3-reduction furnace body; 4-insulation material; 5-crucible; 6-induction coil; 7-slagging system; 8-slagging chamber; 9-rotary device; 10-gas transmission pipeline; 11-magnesium vapor condensation chamber; 12-magnesium vapor condensation system; 13-water cooling jacket; 14-insulation material; 15-magnesium liquid control valve; 16-magnesium casting chamber; 17- vacuum system.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本实用新型的半连续真空感应加热镁还原炉，其特征是还原炉包括半连续进料系统1，还原炉体3，半连续出渣系统7，镁蒸气冷却系统12，半连续镁浇注系统16等五大系统。炉体3用不锈钢板焊接而成，成圆柱形，炉膛内抽真空，炉体开侧门，炉体上端为半连续进料系统1，下方为出渣系统7。炉体中安装有石墨坩埚5，感应线圈6，还原炉内采用感应加热，在坩埚上方连接气体传输管道10，坩埚正上方为坩埚上端密封装置，在进行反应时，该装置处于封闭状态，进行加料时，该装置抬起并旋转打开。坩埚下方为出渣系统7，当渣积累到一定量时，打开下端的闸阀，卸掉一部分渣，以使反应物料位于感应加热区。卸渣完成后，将闸阀关闭，破坏卸渣室8的真空，将装渣小车推出。卸渣完成后，将卸渣小车推入卸渣室8，并抽真空。气体传输管道10一端连接镁还原坩埚5，另一端连接镁蒸气冷凝系统12。镁蒸气冷凝系统上端接有真空泵17，在抽气孔下端设有冷凝室11，将没有冷凝下来的镁蒸气冷却下来，避免镁蒸气进入真空系统。冷凝下来的镁蒸气以液态镁的形式流向冷凝罐底部，当金属镁液达到一定量时，打开控制阀，使液态镁流入镁浇注室(16)，浇注成镁锭。浇注完成后，关闭控制阀，破坏浇注室真空，将镁锭取出，然后关闭浇注室，抽真空，准备下次浇注。The semi-continuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reduction furnace of the utility model is characterized in that the reduction furnace includes a semi-continuous feeding system 1, a reduction furnace body 3, a semi-continuous slag discharge system 7, a magnesium vapor cooling system 12, and a semi-continuous magnesium pouring system 16 Wait for the five major systems. Furnace body 3 is welded with stainless steel plates and is cylindrical. The inside of the furnace is evacuated, and the side door is opened. A graphite crucible 5 and an induction coil 6 are installed in the furnace body. Induction heating is adopted in the reduction furnace, and a gas transmission pipeline 10 is connected above the crucible. Right above the crucible is a sealing device for the upper end of the crucible. When the reaction is performed, the device is in a closed state, and the When filling, the unit lifts and swivels open. Below the crucible is the slag discharge system 7. When the slag has accumulated to a certain amount, the gate valve at the lower end is opened to remove a part of the slag so that the reaction material is located in the induction heating zone. After the slag unloading is completed, the gate valve is closed to break the vacuum of the slag unloading chamber 8, and the slag loading trolley is pushed out. After the slag unloading is completed, the slag unloading trolley is pushed into the slag unloading chamber 8 and vacuumized. One end of the gas transmission pipeline 10 is connected to the magnesium reduction crucible 5 , and the other end is connected to the magnesium vapor condensation system 12 . A vacuum pump 17 is connected to the upper end of the magnesium vapor condensation system, and a condensation chamber 11 is provided at the lower end of the air extraction hole to cool down the uncondensed magnesium vapor and prevent magnesium vapor from entering the vacuum system. The condensed magnesium vapor flows to the bottom of the condensation tank in the form of liquid magnesium. When the metal magnesium liquid reaches a certain amount, the control valve is opened to allow the liquid magnesium to flow into the magnesium pouring chamber (16) and cast into magnesium ingots. After pouring is completed, close the control valve, break the vacuum of the pouring chamber, take out the magnesium ingot, then close the pouring chamber, vacuumize, and prepare for the next pouring.

实施本实用新型的还原炉和还原罐实例如图1所示。An example of a reduction furnace and a reduction tank for implementing the utility model is shown in Fig. 1 .

先将氧化镁粉(或含镁矿物)与还原剂(煤炭粉或硅铁)按照MgO∶C＝1∶1.2物质的量的比例混合均匀，用压球机在80kg/cm²的工作压力下压制成直径为30mm的小球，装入半连续加料系统，然后半连续进料系统1、反应炉体3、镁蒸气冷凝系统12抽真空，当真空度达到20Pa时，旋开坩埚顶部密封盖，将物料加入到坩埚内，将坩埚顶部密封盖盖好。打开中频电源，给感应线圈通电，加热物料，并监测坩埚内及炉内真空度。反应发生时，坩埚内气压会上升，镁蒸气经由镁蒸气传输管道10流向镁蒸气冷凝器12，并在冷凝器中冷凝，通过控制冷凝器的温度，使镁蒸气冷凝为液态，通过观察口观察液面高度，达到一定高度后，将镁浇铸室16抽真空，达到100Pa以下时，打开下侧的放液阀，将镁液放入浇注室，浇注成镁锭，然后关闭放液阀。当坩埚内炉渣达到一定高度时，将卸渣室8抽真空，达到100Pa以下时，打开卸渣阀，将部分渣卸入到卸渣室内，然后关闭卸渣阀。当坩埚内气体压力下降到20Pa左右时，重复上述操作。First, mix the magnesium oxide powder (or magnesium-containing minerals) and the reducing agent (coal powder or ferrosilicon) according to the ratio of MgO:C=1:1.2, and use a briquetting machine under the working pressure of 80kg/^cm2 Press into small balls with a diameter of 30mm, put them into the semi-continuous feeding system, and then vacuumize the semi-continuous feeding system 1, the reaction furnace body 3, and the magnesium vapor condensation system 12. When the vacuum degree reaches 20Pa, unscrew the top sealing cover of the crucible , put the material into the crucible, and cover the top of the crucible with a seal. Turn on the intermediate frequency power supply, energize the induction coil, heat the material, and monitor the vacuum in the crucible and the furnace. When the reaction occurs, the pressure in the crucible will rise, and the magnesium vapor will flow to the magnesium vapor condenser 12 through the magnesium vapor transmission pipe 10, and condense in the condenser. By controlling the temperature of the condenser, the magnesium vapor will be condensed into a liquid state, and the magnesium vapor will be observed through the observation port. When the liquid level reaches a certain height, the magnesium casting chamber 16 is evacuated, and when it reaches below 100Pa, open the drain valve on the lower side, put the magnesium liquid into the pouring chamber, pour it into magnesium ingots, and then close the drain valve. When the slag in the crucible reaches a certain height, vacuumize the slag discharge chamber 8, and when it reaches below 100Pa, open the slag discharge valve, discharge part of the slag into the slag discharge chamber, and then close the slag discharge valve. When the gas pressure in the crucible drops to about 20Pa, repeat the above operation.

Claims (4)

1. a semicontinuous vacuum induction heats magnesium reducing furnace, it is characterized in that: by the semi-continuous charging system, heating system, slag-tapping system, the magnesium vapor condenser system, magnesium ingot gating system and vacuum system are formed, specifically comprise: semicontinuous feed system (1), reduction furnace bell (2), reduction body of heater (3), lagging material (4), crucible (5), ruhmkorff coil (6), semicontinuous slag-tapping system (7), unload grit chamber (8), swivel arrangement (9), gas transmission pipeline (10), magnesium vapor condensing chamber (11), magnesium vapor cooling system (12), water jacket (13), magnesium hydraulic control valve (15), casting room (16), vacuum pump (17)

Reduction body of heater (3) upper end is semicontinuous feed system (1), the below is slag-tapping system (7), above crucible, connect gas transmission pipeline (10), it directly over the crucible end sealing device on the crucible, when reacting, this device is in closed state, and when feeding in raw material, this device lifts and Unscrew; The crucible below is slag-tapping system (7), is provided with gate valve and unloads grit chamber (8); Gas transmission pipeline (10) one ends connect magnesium reduction crucible (5), and the other end connects magnesium vapor condenser system (12); Magnesium vapor condenser system upper end is connected to vacuum pump (17), is provided with condensing chamber (11) in the aspirating hole lower end, and casting room (16) is provided with control valve.

2. a kind of semicontinuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reducing furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: plumbago crucible (5) and ruhmkorff coil (6) are installed in the described reduction body of heater (3), reduction body of heater (3) is welded with stainless steel plate, become cylindrical, vacuumize in the burner hearth, body of heater is opened side door.

3. a kind of semicontinuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reducing furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: reaction vessel is separated with the magnesium vapor collector.

4. a kind of semicontinuous vacuum induction heating magnesium reducing furnace according to claim 1, type of heating can also adopt the vacuum resistance heating in the reactor except that adopting induction heating.

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