技术领域technical field
本实用新型设涉及液压启闭机技术领域，具体地说是一种活塞式单双吊点液压启闭机。The utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic hoists, in particular to a piston type hydraulic hoist with single and double lifting points.
背景技术Background technique
无论是治理江河，城市防洪、防涝，还是蓄水灌溉，引水发电等水利水电工程都离不开闸门，而闸门的开启和关闭必须要用专门的机械装置来实现，启闭机就是专门用于来启、闭闸门的专用起重机械。启闭机启闭性能的优劣直接关系到闸门启、闭的可靠性，对于工程的安全运行起着关键性的作用，目前使用的启闭机主要有卷扬式启闭机和液压式启闭机两大类。Whether it is river management, urban flood control, waterlogging prevention, or water storage irrigation, water diversion and power generation and other water conservancy and hydropower projects are inseparable from gates, and the opening and closing of gates must be realized by special mechanical devices. Special hoisting machinery for opening and closing gates. The performance of the hoist is directly related to the reliability of the gate opening and closing, and plays a key role in the safe operation of the project. The currently used hoist mainly includes hoist hoist and hydraulic hoist. There are two types of shutdowns.
液压式启闭机的工作原理是用油泵输出高压的液压油，经管路、液压阀组控制进入活塞式液压缸，驱动活塞运动，由活塞带动闸门开启或关闭。液压式启闭机既可以产生向上的拉力，又可以产生向下的推力，具有运行平稳、控制方便、启闭力大、尺寸小、重量轻、能简化水工建筑结构的优点。随着水利水电工程规模的不断向大型、特大型发展，不少场合，液压式启闭机方案已成为其它机种无法替代的唯一选择，是控制闸门启闭的理想设备。The working principle of the hydraulic hoist is to use the oil pump to output high-pressure hydraulic oil, which enters the piston hydraulic cylinder through the control of the pipeline and hydraulic valve group, drives the piston to move, and the piston drives the gate to open or close. The hydraulic hoist can generate both upward pulling force and downward thrust. It has the advantages of stable operation, convenient control, large hoisting force, small size, light weight, and can simplify the structure of hydraulic structures. With the continuous development of water conservancy and hydropower projects to large and extra large scales, the hydraulic hoist scheme has become the only choice that cannot be replaced by other models in many occasions, and it is an ideal equipment for controlling the opening and closing of gates.
双吊点液压启闭机最重要的必备基本功能是保压、同步、调速，对设备的运行可靠性要求极高。目前的液压启闭机采用液控单向阀保压，由于闸门很重，打开单向阀的控制压力要求较高，常出现由于液控单向阀开启不正常而导致的闸门卡死或爬行等故障。为了减小开启单向阀所需的控制压力，需采用外泄式液控单向阀，每只活塞式液压缸共有进、回、控制、泄漏四根油管，管路较复杂。闸门调速将四个调速阀分成两组，分别单独完成两只活塞式液压缸的启、闭速度调速，使两只活塞式液压缸的速度基本相等，从而达到初步同步，再辅以旁路泄油纠偏来实现较精确地同步。这种控制方式已沿用多年，速度调节与同步调节混同进行，一旦需要变更闸门启、闭速度，就必须重新调节同步，而这即使对于熟练的专业人员也是非常麻烦的事。若同步调节过程出现失误，就可能导致闸门因偏斜而卡死，造成重大事故。这些问题制约了启闭机性能及可靠性的提升，已不能满足对于闸门控制功能日益提高的要求。The most important essential functions of the double lifting point hydraulic hoist are pressure maintenance, synchronization and speed regulation, which have extremely high requirements on the operation reliability of the equipment. The current hydraulic hoist adopts the hydraulic control check valve to keep the pressure. Since the gate is very heavy, the control pressure required to open the check valve is relatively high, and the gate is often stuck or crawled due to the abnormal opening of the hydraulic control check valve. Wait for failure. In order to reduce the control pressure required to open the check valve, a leak-type hydraulic control check valve is required. Each piston hydraulic cylinder has four oil pipes of inlet, return, control and leakage, and the pipeline is relatively complicated. The speed control of the gate divides the four speed control valves into two groups, and separately completes the speed control of the opening and closing speeds of the two piston hydraulic cylinders, so that the speeds of the two piston hydraulic cylinders are basically equal, so as to achieve initial synchronization. Bypass oil leakage rectification to achieve more accurate synchronization. This control method has been used for many years, and the speed adjustment and synchronous adjustment are mixed. Once the gate opening and closing speed needs to be changed, the synchronization must be re-adjusted, which is very troublesome even for skilled professionals. If there is a mistake in the synchronous adjustment process, it may cause the gate to be stuck due to deflection, resulting in a major accident. These problems restrict the improvement of the performance and reliability of the gate hoist, and can no longer meet the increasing requirements for the gate control function.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是提供一种活塞式双吊点液压启闭机，能自动控制启闭机两只活塞式液压缸的同步运行，保证闸门平稳启、闭；停止时用平衡阀保压锁闭，防止闸门因自重下滑。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a piston-type double-suspension point hydraulic hoist, which can automatically control the synchronous operation of the two piston-type hydraulic cylinders of the hoist to ensure the smooth opening and closing of the gate; when it stops, the balance valve is used to maintain the pressure lock Closed to prevent the gate from sliding down due to its own weight.
本实用新型的技术方案为：活塞式单双吊点液压启闭机由2只活塞式液压缸，液压控制系统及电气控制系统组成，液压控制系统包括平衡阀、旁路泄油纠偏阀组、分流集流阀、单向调速阀、三位四通电液换向阀、外控顺序阀、溢流阀、电磁溢流阀、回油滤油器、油泵电机组等。2个油泵出口通过单向阀后合成为总的压力油口，分别与三位四通电液换向阀、电磁溢流阀、外控顺序阀连接，三位四通电液换向阀的一个出口与两个单向调速阀串联后与分流集流阀进口连接，分流集流阀的两个出口各自串联平衡阀后再分别与2只活塞式液压缸的有杆腔连接，2只活塞式液压缸无杆腔出口合二为一，与三位四通电液换向阀的另一个出口、外控顺序阀、溢流阀连接，外控顺序阀、溢流阀及电磁溢流阀的出口并联成为总回油口，经过回油滤油器与油箱连接。旁路泄油纠偏阀组由三位四通电磁换向阀和2只节流阀组成，三位四通电磁换向阀的2个出口各串联有1只节流阀，节流阀的另一端分别与分流集流阀的2个出口并联，三位四通电磁换向阀的回油口接油箱。The technical scheme of the utility model is: the piston-type single-double lifting point hydraulic hoist is composed of 2 piston-type hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic control system and an electrical control system. The hydraulic control system includes a balance valve, a bypass oil drain correction valve group, Diverting and collecting valve, one-way speed regulating valve, three-position four-way electro-hydraulic directional valve, external control sequence valve, overflow valve, electromagnetic overflow valve, oil return filter, oil pump motor unit, etc. The outlets of the two oil pumps are synthesized into a total pressure oil port through the check valve, respectively connected to the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic directional valve, electromagnetic overflow valve, and external control sequence valve, and one outlet of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic directional valve After being connected in series with two one-way speed regulating valves, it is connected to the inlet of the diverter-collector valve. The two outlets of the diverter-collector valve are respectively connected in series with the balance valve and then respectively connected to the rod chambers of the two piston hydraulic cylinders. The two outlets of the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder are combined into one, and are connected with the other outlet of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic directional valve, the externally controlled sequence valve, and the overflow valve, and the outlets of the externally controlled sequence valve, overflow valve, and electromagnetic overflow valve Connected in parallel to become the main oil return port, which is connected to the oil tank through the oil return filter. The bypass oil drain rectifying valve group is composed of a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve and two throttle valves, each of the two outlets of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected in series with a throttle valve, and the other throttle valve One end is respectively connected in parallel with the two outlets of the diverter-collection valve, and the oil return port of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the oil tank.
电气控制系统具有闸门开度的检测、显示装置及与之相连接的可编程序控制器PLC，闸门开度检测装置具有2只位移传感器，分别设置在2只活塞式液压缸上，位移传感器检测活塞式液压缸实际位移输给可编程序控制器PLC，可编程序控制器PLC将2只活塞式液压缸实际位移与设定位移进行比较，控制三位四通电液换向阀动作，实现活塞式液压缸的换向及定位停止控制。同时可编程序控制器PLC比较2只活塞式液压缸实际位移，根据实际位移偏差控制旁路泄油纠偏阀组动作，实现自动纠偏，并将活塞式液压缸的实际位移、设定位移以及位移偏差换算为闸门的实际开度、设定开度及偏斜量，经显示器适时显示。The electrical control system has a gate opening detection and display device and a programmable controller PLC connected to it. The gate opening detection device has 2 displacement sensors, which are respectively installed on 2 piston hydraulic cylinders. The displacement sensor detects The actual displacement of the piston hydraulic cylinder is sent to the programmable controller PLC, and the programmable controller PLC compares the actual displacement of the two piston hydraulic cylinders with the set displacement, controls the action of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, and realizes the piston Reversing and positioning stop control of hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the programmable controller PLC compares the actual displacement of the two piston hydraulic cylinders, controls the action of the bypass oil drain correction valve group according to the actual displacement deviation, realizes automatic deviation correction, and compares the actual displacement, set displacement and displacement of the piston hydraulic cylinder The deviation is converted into the actual opening, set opening and deflection of the gate, which are displayed on the display in due course.
本实用新型采用平衡阀保压，防止闸门因自重下滑，油路简单，控制可靠。采用平衡阀保压后只有进、回两根油管，与单向阀保压的四根油管相比，油路大为简化，既降低了成本，又减少了由于管路破裂可能导致的设备故障风险。采用分流集流阀实现粗同步，辅以旁路泄油纠偏阀组实现精确同步，同步精度高。由于粗同步由分流集流阀自动实现，不需要人工干预，同步控制与调速相互独立，互不干扰，方便可靠。闸门启闭两种工况采用双压控制，闸门关闭时采用外控顺序阀组成差动回路，可用较小的油泵流量实现快速闭门，能够有效降低电机功率，节约能源。与以往的启闭机相比，系统简单、操作简便，可靠性好。The utility model adopts the balance valve to keep the pressure, prevents the gate from sliding down due to its own weight, has simple oil circuit and reliable control. After using the balance valve to keep the pressure, there are only two inlet and return oil pipes. Compared with the four oil pipes of the one-way valve for pressure maintenance, the oil circuit is greatly simplified, which not only reduces the cost, but also reduces the possible equipment failure due to pipeline rupture. risk. The coarse synchronization is realized by using the diverter and flow collection valve, and the precise synchronization is realized by the bypass oil drain and deviation correction valve group, and the synchronization accuracy is high. Since the coarse synchronization is automatically realized by the flow diversion and flow collection valve, no manual intervention is required, and the synchronization control and the speed regulation are independent of each other without interfering with each other, which is convenient and reliable. Dual-pressure control is adopted for the two working conditions of gate opening and closing. When the gate is closed, an external control sequence valve is used to form a differential circuit. The small oil pump flow rate can be used to realize fast closing of the gate, which can effectively reduce the power of the motor and save energy. Compared with the previous hoist, the system is simple, easy to operate and reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的活塞式双吊点液压启闭机液压系统原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the piston-type double lifting point hydraulic hoist of the present invention.
图中：1.(1.1和1.2)位移传感器，2.(2.1和2.2)活塞式液压缸，3.(3.1和3.2)平衡阀，4.(4.1和4.2)节流阀，5.三位四通电磁换向阀，6.分流集流阀，7.(7.1和7.2)单向调速阀，8.三位四通电液换向阀，9.外控顺序阀，10.溢流阀，11.电磁溢流阀，12.回油滤油器，13.(13.1和13.2)油泵电机组。In the figure: 1. (1.1 and 1.2) displacement sensor, 2. (2.1 and 2.2) piston hydraulic cylinder, 3. (3.1 and 3.2) balance valve, 4. (4.1 and 4.2) throttle valve, 5. three positions Four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, 6. Dividing and collecting valve, 7. (7.1 and 7.2) one-way speed control valve, 8. Three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, 9. External control sequence valve, 10. Relief valve , 11. Electromagnetic overflow valve, 12. Oil return filter, 13. (13.1 and 13.2) oil pump motor unit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示本实用新型的一种活塞式双吊点液压启闭机由2只活塞式液压缸，1套液压控制系统及1套电气控制系统组成，液压控制系统包括平衡阀3、由三位四通电磁换向阀5和2只节流阀4组成旁路泄油纠偏阀组、分流集流阀6、单向调速阀7、三位四通电液换向阀8、外控顺序阀9、溢流阀10、电磁溢流阀11、回油滤油器12、油泵电机组13等。2个油泵13.1、13.2的出口通过单向阀后合成为总的压力油口，分别与三位四通电液换向阀8、电磁溢流阀11、外控顺序阀9连接，三位四通电液换向阀8的一个出口与两个单向调速阀7串联后与分流集流阀6进口连接，分流集流阀6的两个出口各自串联平衡阀3后再分别与2只活塞式液压缸的有杆腔连接，2只活塞式液压缸无杆腔出口合二为一，与三位四通电液换向阀8的另一个出口、外控顺序阀9、溢流阀10连接，外控顺序阀9、溢流阀10与电磁溢流阀11的出口并联成为总回油口，经过回油滤油器12与油箱连接。旁路泄油纠偏阀组由三位四通电磁换向阀5和2只节流阀4.1、4.2组成，三位四通电磁换向阀5的2个出口各串联有1只节流阀4，节流阀4的另一端分别与分流集流阀3的2个出口并联，三位四通电磁换向阀5的油口接油箱。As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of piston-type double lifting point hydraulic hoist of the present invention is made up of 2 piston-type hydraulic cylinders, 1 set of hydraulic control system and 1 set of electrical control system, and the hydraulic control system includes balance valve 3, composed of Three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 5 and two throttle valves 4 form a bypass oil drain rectifying valve group, diverting and collecting valve 6, one-way speed regulating valve 7, three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8, external control Sequence valve 9, overflow valve 10, electromagnetic overflow valve 11, return oil filter 12, oil pump motor unit 13, etc. The outlets of the two oil pumps 13.1 and 13.2 are synthesized into a total pressure oil port through the check valve, respectively connected to the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8, the electromagnetic overflow valve 11, and the external control sequence valve 9, and the three-position four-way One outlet of the liquid reversing valve 8 is connected in series with two one-way speed regulating valves 7 and then connected with the inlet of the diversion and confluence valve 6, and the two outlets of the diversion and confluence valve 6 are respectively connected in series with the balance valve 3 and then respectively connected with two piston-type valves. The rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is connected, and the outlets of the rodless cavity of the two piston hydraulic cylinders are combined into one, which is connected with the other outlet of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8, the external control sequence valve 9, and the overflow valve 10. The external control sequence valve 9, the overflow valve 10 and the outlet of the electromagnetic overflow valve 11 are connected in parallel to form a total oil return port, which is connected to the oil tank through the oil return filter 12. The bypass oil drain rectifying valve group is composed of a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 5 and two throttle valves 4.1 and 4.2, and each of the two outlets of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve 5 is connected in series with a throttle valve 4 , the other end of the throttle valve 4 is connected in parallel with the two outlets of the diverter and collector valve 3, and the oil port of the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 5 is connected to the oil tank.
油泵电机组13的作用是为系统提供高压油流，两个油泵电机组一个工作，另一个作为备用。当可编程序控制器PLC控制三位四通电液换向阀8的电磁铁3YA通电时，阀8左位工作，压力油经阀8左位，通过单向调速阀7.1、7.2，被分流集流阀6一分为二后分别经平衡阀3.1、3.2进入活塞式液压缸2.1、2.2的有杆腔，活塞上升，带动闸门开启。启门的最大工作压力由电磁溢流阀11调定。由于闸门开启时的工作压力大于顺序阀9的开启压力，阀9开启，活塞式液压缸上腔的油液经阀9后过回油滤油器12回油箱。The effect of the oil pump motor unit 13 is to provide high-pressure oil flow for the system, one of the two oil pump motor units works, and the other is used as a backup. When the programmable logic controller PLC controls the electromagnet 3YA of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8 to be energized, the left position of the valve 8 works, and the pressure oil passes through the left position of the valve 8 and is shunted through the one-way speed regulating valve 7.1 and 7.2. After the collecting valve 6 is divided into two, it enters the rod chambers of the piston hydraulic cylinders 2.1 and 2.2 respectively through the balance valves 3.1 and 3.2, and the pistons rise to drive the gates to open. The maximum working pressure for opening the door is set by the electromagnetic overflow valve 11. Because the working pressure when the gate is opened is greater than the opening pressure of the sequence valve 9, the valve 9 is opened, and the oil in the upper cavity of the piston hydraulic cylinder passes through the valve 9 and then returns to the oil tank through the oil return filter 12.
当可编程序控制器PLC控制三位四通电液换向阀8的电磁铁2YA得电时，阀8右位工作，压力油经阀8右位，进入活塞式液压缸2.1、2.2上腔使活塞下降，带动闸门关闭，闭门的最大工作压力由溢流阀10调定。由于闸门关闭时的工作压力小于顺序阀9的开启压力，阀9关闭，两只活塞式液压缸下腔的油液通过阀3.1、3.2后被阀6合二为一，通过阀7.1、7.2，经三位四通电液换向阀8右位后不回油箱，而是进入活塞式液压缸2.1、2.2上腔，形成差动回路。这种连接方式可用较小的油泵的流量实现快速闭门，能够有效降低电机功率，节约能源。When the programmable controller PLC controls the electromagnet 2YA of the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8 to be energized, the right position of the valve 8 works, and the pressure oil enters the upper cavity of the piston hydraulic cylinder 2.1 and 2.2 through the right position of the valve 8. The piston descends to drive the gate to close, and the maximum working pressure for closing the gate is set by the overflow valve 10. Since the working pressure when the gate is closed is lower than the opening pressure of the sequence valve 9, the valve 9 is closed, and the oil in the lower cavity of the two piston hydraulic cylinders passes through the valves 3.1 and 3.2 and is combined by the valve 6, and then passes through the valves 7.1 and 7.2. After the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 8 is in the right position, it does not return to the oil tank, but enters the upper cavity of the piston hydraulic cylinder 2.1, 2.2 to form a differential circuit. This connection method can realize rapid door closing with a smaller oil pump flow rate, which can effectively reduce the power of the motor and save energy.
单向调速阀7具有流量控制功能，调速阀7.1控制回油流量，形成回油节流调速，调节闭门速度。调速阀7.2控制进油流量，形成进油路节流调速，调节启门速度。单向调速阀输出满足活塞式液压缸速度要求的流量，进入分流集流阀6后按1∶1的比例分为两路，分别进入两只活塞式液压缸2，实现两只活塞式液压缸的粗同步。粗同步由分流集流阀6自动实现，与调速无关，不需要人工干预。由于分流集流阀具有负载补偿功能，即使在偏载的不利工况下也能保持较好的同步性能，这就减轻了对后面旁路泄油纠偏阀组的压力。最终能达到较高的同步精度。The one-way speed regulating valve 7 has a flow control function, and the speed regulating valve 7.1 controls the oil return flow, forms oil return throttling speed regulation, and regulates the closing speed. The speed regulating valve 7.2 controls the oil inlet flow, forms the throttling speed regulation of the oil inlet circuit, and regulates the door opening speed. The one-way speed regulating valve outputs the flow that meets the speed requirements of the piston hydraulic cylinder, and after entering the diversion and collection valve 6, it is divided into two paths according to the ratio of 1:1, and enters the two piston hydraulic cylinders 2 respectively to realize the flow of two piston hydraulic cylinders. Coarse synchronization of cylinders. Coarse synchronization is automatically realized by diverting and converging valve 6, which has nothing to do with speed regulation and does not require manual intervention. Due to the load compensation function of the diverter-collector valve, it can maintain good synchronous performance even under the unfavorable working condition of partial load, which reduces the pressure on the subsequent bypass oil drain correction valve group. Finally, a higher synchronization accuracy can be achieved.
电气控制系统具有闸门开度的检测、显示装置及与之相连接的可编程序控制器PLC，闸门开度检测装置具有2只位移传感器1，分别设置在2只活塞式液压缸2上，位移传感器2检测活塞式液压缸2的实际位移输给可编程序控制器PLC，可编程序控制器PLC将2只活塞式液压缸实际位移与设定位移进行比较，控制三位四通电液换向阀8动作，实现活塞式液压缸的换向及定位停止控制。同时可编程序控制器PLC比较2只活塞式液压缸实际位移，根据实际位移偏差控制旁路泄油纠偏阀组动作，实现自动纠偏，并将活塞式液压缸的实际位移、设定位移以及位移偏差换算为闸门的实际开度、设定开度及偏斜量，经显示器适时显示。The electrical control system has a gate opening detection and display device and a programmable logic controller PLC connected with it. The gate opening detection device has two displacement sensors 1, which are respectively arranged on two piston hydraulic cylinders 2, and the displacement The sensor 2 detects the actual displacement of the piston hydraulic cylinder 2 and sends it to the programmable controller PLC. The programmable controller PLC compares the actual displacement of the two piston hydraulic cylinders with the set displacement, and controls the three-position four-way electro-hydraulic commutation The valve 8 acts to realize the reversing and positioning stop control of the piston hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the programmable controller PLC compares the actual displacement of the two piston hydraulic cylinders, controls the action of the bypass oil drain correction valve group according to the actual displacement deviation, realizes automatic deviation correction, and compares the actual displacement, set displacement and displacement of the piston hydraulic cylinder The deviation is converted into the actual opening, set opening and deflection of the gate, which are displayed on the display in due course.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009202537114UCN201554009U (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | A piston type double lifting point hydraulic hoist |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009202537114UCN201554009U (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | A piston type double lifting point hydraulic hoist |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201554009Utrue CN201554009U (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009202537114UExpired - Fee RelatedCN201554009U (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | A piston type double lifting point hydraulic hoist |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201554009U (en) |
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| CN118582435A (en)* | 2024-08-01 | 2024-09-03 | 兰州理工大学 | A non-electric emergency intelligent hydraulic rapid operating system for flood discharge gates |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20100818 Termination date:20121117 |