CN201188192Y

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: CN201188192Y
Application number: CNU2008200865228U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘玉良
Original assignee: Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
Current assignee: Hangzhou Electronic Science and Technology University
Priority date: 2008-04-30
Filing date: 2008-04-30
Publication date: 2009-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2018-04-30

Abstract

The utility model discloses a two-dimensional light intensity orientation sensor which is mainly composed of light batteries B1 to B6, resistors R1 to R6, two symmetrical double-subtracting amplifiers, four comparators, two motors and a subtracting amplifier. The utility model has the advantages of small volume, low cost, reliable performance and convenient use, adopts the hardware of a complete operational amplifier, and has high stability; and light intensity and temperature compensation are adopted to detect the orientation of sunlight, thereby improving the stability and the sensitivity of the sensor.

Description

Translated fromChinese

二维光强方位传感器Two-dimensional light intensity and orientation sensor

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及一种智能控制技术，特别地，涉及一种二维光强方位传感器。The utility model relates to an intelligent control technology, in particular to a two-dimensional light intensity orientation sensor.

背景技术Background technique

目前太阳光方位跟踪控制器主要以电控为主，早先纯机械式跟踪方式由于精度低、机构复杂、灵活性差等因素基本已停止应用。采用电控方式的太阳光方位跟踪控制器，从原理上看有两类，一种是时钟跟踪方式，另一种是传感器跟踪方式。采用时钟跟踪方式大都采用极轴机构，线性跟踪，如天文观测仪器等，但会存在累积偏差，需要人工修正；当使用在其它跟踪机构上，由于为非线性跟踪，控制器多半采用工控机，算法也较复杂，成本会很高；采用传感器跟踪，目前成品太阳光方位传感器尚未见报道，均停留在原理研究上，使用者通常是选择一些光敏感器件进行开发、研制，有关温度及光强变化对跟踪精度影响未见报道；一些跟踪精度要求很高的太阳能聚光发电系统，控制器做的非常复杂，通常采用时钟跟踪与传感器跟踪相结合的控制方式，成本高功耗大，不适合普通光伏电板向阳跟踪控制。At present, the solar azimuth tracking controller is mainly based on electronic control, and the earlier purely mechanical tracking method has basically ceased to be used due to factors such as low precision, complex mechanism, and poor flexibility. There are two types of solar azimuth tracking controllers using electronic control, one is clock tracking, and the other is sensor tracking. Most of the clock tracking methods use polar axis mechanism and linear tracking, such as astronomical observation instruments, etc., but there will be accumulated deviations, which need to be manually corrected; when used in other tracking mechanisms, due to nonlinear tracking, the controller mostly uses industrial computers. The algorithm is also more complicated, and the cost will be very high; using sensor tracking, the finished solar orientation sensor has not been reported yet, and it is still in the principle of research. Users usually choose some light-sensitive devices for development and development. The impact of changes on tracking accuracy has not been reported; some solar concentrator power generation systems that require high tracking accuracy have very complicated controllers, usually using a control method that combines clock tracking and sensor tracking, which is costly and consumes a lot of power, and is not suitable for Ordinary photovoltaic panels track the sun.

实用新型内容Utility model content

本实用新型的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种二维光强方位传感器；本实用新型功耗低、体积小、成本低、使用方便、性能稳定可靠。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a two-dimensional light intensity orientation sensor for the deficiencies of the prior art; the utility model has low power consumption, small size, low cost, convenient use, and stable and reliable performance.

本实用新型的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种二维光强方位传感器，它主要由光电池B1～B6、电阻R1～R6、两个对称双减法放大器4、12、四个比较器5、6、9、10，两个电机7、8和减法放大器11组成；其中，所述B1～B6的负极均接地；B1的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器4的m输入端，B2的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器4的n输入端，R1的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器4的m输入端，另一端接地；R2的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器4的n输入端，另一端接地；B3的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器12的m输入端，B4的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器12的n输入端，电阻R3的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器12的m输入端，另一端接地；R4的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器12的n输入端，另一端接地；B5的正极通过信号线连接到减法放大器11的p输入端，B6的正极通过信号线连接到减法放大器11的o输入端，R5的一端直接连接到减法放大器11的o输入端，另一端接地，R6的一端直接连接到减法放大器11的p输入端，另一端接地；对称双减法放大器4中A1放大器的输出连接到比较器6的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器4中A2放大器的输出连接到比较器5的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器12中A1放大器的输出连接到比较器9的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器12中A2放大器的输出连接到比较器10的正相输入端；减法放大器11的输出端分别与比较器5、6、9、10的反相输入端相连。比较器5和比较器6的输出分别与电机7相连，比较器9和比较器10的输出分别与电机8相连。The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: a two-dimensional light intensity orientation sensor, which is mainly composed of photocells B1 ~ B6, resistors R1 ~ R6, two symmetrical double subtraction amplifiers 4, 12, four comparators 5, 6, 9, 10, two motors 7, 8 and a subtraction amplifier 11; wherein, the negative poles of B1～B6 are all grounded; the positive pole of B1 is connected to the m input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 through a signal line, The positive pole of B2 is connected to the n input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 through the signal line, one end of R1 is directly connected to the m input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4, and the other end is grounded; one end of R2 is directly connected to the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4. The n input terminal and the other end are grounded; the positive pole of B3 is connected to the m input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 through a signal line, the positive pole of B4 is connected to the n input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 through a signal line, and one end of the resistor R3 is directly connected to To the m input end of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12, the other end is grounded; one end of R4 is directly connected to the n input end of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12, and the other end is grounded; the positive pole of B5 is connected to the p input end of the subtraction amplifier 11 through a signal line , the positive pole of B6 is connected to the o input end of the subtraction amplifier 11 through the signal line, one end of R5 is directly connected to the o input end of the subtraction amplifier 11, the other end is grounded, one end of R6 is directly connected to the p input end of the subtraction amplifier 11, and the other One end is grounded; the output of the A1 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 is connected to the positive phase input of the comparator 6, the output of the A2 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 is connected to the positive phase input of the comparator 5, and the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 The output of the A1 amplifier in the middle is connected to the non-inverting input of the comparator 9, and the output of the A2 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 is connected to the non-inverting input of the comparator 10; , 9, 10 inverting input connected. The outputs of the comparator 5 and the comparator 6 are respectively connected with the motor 7 , and the outputs of the comparator 9 and the comparator 10 are respectively connected with the motor 8 .

本实用新型的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1、体积小、成本低、性能可靠，使用方便。1. Small size, low cost, reliable performance and easy to use.

2、控制电路采用全运放硬件电路，稳定性高。2. The control circuit adopts full operational amplifier hardware circuit with high stability.

3、太阳光方位检测采用光强、温度补偿思想，提高了传感器的稳定性、灵敏度。3. Sunlight orientation detection adopts light intensity and temperature compensation ideas, which improves the stability and sensitivity of the sensor.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型的二维光强方位传感器的传感器结构示意图；其中，(a)为主视图，(b)为俯视图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the sensor structure of the two-dimensional light intensity and orientation sensor of the present invention; wherein, (a) is the main view, and (b) is the top view.

图2是减法放大器电路图；Fig. 2 is subtractive amplifier circuit diagram;

图3是对称双减法放大器电路图；Fig. 3 is a symmetrical double subtraction amplifier circuit diagram;

图4是本实用新型的二维光强方位传感器的电路示意框图。Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the circuit of the two-dimensional light intensity and orientation sensor of the present invention.

图中，主传感器1，硬质导线2，副传感器3，对称双减法放大器4、12，比较器5、6、9、10，电机7、8，减法放大器11。Among the figure, main sensor 1,hard wire 2, auxiliary sensor 3, symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4,12, comparator 5,6,9,10, motor 7,8, subtraction amplifier 11.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图详细说明本实用新型，本实用新型的目的和效果将变得更加明显。The utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the purpose and effect of the utility model will become more obvious.

如图1所示，主传感器1由焊接在一块PCB板的上5块光电池B1～B5组成，其中，B1～B4光电池围成棱台状，B1光电池与B2光电池夹角范围为0～90°，B3光电池与B4光电池夹角范围也为0～90°，B5光电池位于棱台的顶部，B1～B5的感光面均朝外。主传感器1用于太阳光线方位的传感，副传感器3由B6光电池焊接在另一块PCB板的中央组成，副传感3用于光强、温度补偿作用。主传感器1和副传感器3通过硬质导线2连接组成太阳光线方位传感系统，太阳光线方位传感系统安装在需实现向阳跟踪的设备上并随设备一起转动。As shown in Figure 1, the main sensor 1 is composed of five photocells B1~B5 welded on a PCB board, among which, the photocells B1~B4 form a prism shape, and the angle between the photocell B1 and the photocell B2 is 0~90° , The angle range between B3 photocell and B4 photocell is also 0-90°, B5 photocell is located on the top of the prism, and the photosensitive surfaces of B1-B5 are all facing outward. The main sensor 1 is used for sensing the orientation of the sun's rays, the sub-sensor 3 is composed of a B6 photocell welded in the center of another PCB board, and the sub-sensor 3 is used for light intensity and temperature compensation. The main sensor 1 and the secondary sensor 3 are connected by ahard wire 2 to form a sun ray azimuth sensing system, and the sun ray azimuth sensing system is installed on the equipment that needs to track the sun and rotates with the equipment.

主传感器1在上方，副传感器3在下方，为不影响副传感器3接收环境漫反射光强，主传感器1副传感器3两者的间距不小于主传感器1 PCB板宽度的1/2；在正常工作时主传感器1仅将副传感器3上方的直射光挡住。The main sensor 1 is at the top, and the sub-sensor 3 is at the bottom. In order not to affect the diffuse reflection light intensity received by the sub-sensor 3, the distance between the main sensor 1 and the sub-sensor 3 should not be less than 1/2 of the PCB width of the main sensor 1; During work, the main sensor 1 only blocks the direct light above the secondary sensor 3 .

如图2所示，本实用新型的减法放大器11主要由电阻R7～R10和运算放大器A组成；R7的一端与光电池B6正极相连，另一端与运算放大器A反相输入端相连；R8的一端与运算放大器A反相输入端相连，另一端与运算放大器A的输出端相连；R9的一端与光电池B5正极相连，另一端与运算放大器A正相输入端相连；R10的一端与运算放大器A正相输入端相连，另一端接地。B5给出的信号包括直射光强和漫射光强，B6给出的信号仅为漫射光强，通过减法放大器11运算，输出仅为直射光强分量，系统中作补偿信号用。As shown in Figure 2, subtractive amplifier 11 of the present utility model is mainly made up of resistance R7～R10 and operational amplifier A; One end of R7 is connected with the positive pole of photocell B6, and the other end is connected with the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier A; One end of R8 is connected with The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A is connected, and the other end is connected with the output terminal of the operational amplifier A; one end of R9 is connected with the positive pole of the photocell B5, and the other end is connected with the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier A; one end of R10 is connected with the positive phase of the operational amplifier A The input end is connected and the other end is grounded. The signal given by B5 includes direct light intensity and diffuse light intensity, and the signal given by B6 is only diffuse light intensity. Through the operation of subtraction amplifier 11, the output is only the direct light intensity component, which is used as a compensation signal in the system.

如图3所示，本实用新型的对称双减法放大器4、12主要由电阻R12～R19和运算放大器A1、A2组成；R12与R17的一端相连，作为光强比较信号的一个输入端m，R14与R18的一端相连，作为光强比较信号的另一个输入端n，R12的另一端与运算放大器A1的反相输入端相连，R13的一端与运算放大器A1反相输入端相连，另一端与运算放大器A1的输出端相连；R18的另一端与运算放大器A2的反相输入端相连；R19的一端与运算放大器A2反相输入端相连，另一端与运算放大器A2的输出端相连；R14的另一端与运算放大器A1的正相输入端相连，R17的另一端与运算放大器A2的正相输入端相连；R15一端接运算放大器A1的正相输入端，另一端接地；R16一端接运算放大器A2的正相输入端，另一端也接地。当m输入端信号大于n输入端信号A1输出方位信号，A2信号输出为零；当m输入端信号小于n输入端信号A2输出方位信号，A1信号输出为零。As shown in Figure 3, the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4,12 of the present invention is mainly made up of resistance R12～R19 and operational amplifier A1, A2; Connected to one end of R18 as another input terminal n of the light intensity comparison signal, the other end of R12 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1, one end of R13 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1, and the other end is connected to the operational amplifier A1 inverting input terminal. The output terminal of the amplifier A1 is connected; the other end of R18 is connected with the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A2; one end of R19 is connected with the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A2, and the other end is connected with the output terminal of the operational amplifier A2; the other end of R14 It is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1, and the other end of R17 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A2; one end of R15 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier A1, and the other end is grounded; one end of R16 is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier A2 phase input, and the other end is also grounded. When the m input signal is greater than the n input signal, A1 outputs the azimuth signal, and the A2 signal output is zero; when the m input signal is smaller than the n input signal, A2 outputs the azimuth signal, and the A1 signal output is zero.

图4示出了本实用新型的二维光强方位传感器的电路示意框图，太阳光线方位传感系统B1～B6光电池通过7芯信号电线与控制电路相连，其中6根为信号线，一根为信号接地线。Fig. 4 has shown the schematic block diagram of the circuit of the two-dimensional light intensity azimuth sensor of the present utility model, and the solar ray azimuth sensing system B1～B6 photocell is connected with the control circuit through 7 core signal wires, wherein 6 are signal wires, one is Signal ground wire.

B1～B6光电池的负极与控制电路的信号接地连接；B1的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器4的m输入端，B2的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器4的n输入端，R1的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器4的m输入端，另一端接地；R2的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器4的n输入端，另一端接地，B3的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器12的m输入端，B4的正极通过信号线连接到对称双减法放大器12的n输入端，R3的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器12的m输入端，另一端接地；R4的一端直接连接到对称双减法放大器12的n输入端，另一端接地；B5的正极通过信号线连接到减法放大器11的p输入端，B6的正极通过信号线连接到减法放大器11的o输入端，R5的一端直接连接到减法放大器11的o输入端，另一端接地，R6的一端直接连接到减法放大器11的p输入端，另一端接地；对称双减法放大器4中A1放大器的输出连接到比较器6的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器4中A2放大器的输出连接到比较器5的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器12中A1放大器的输出连接到比较器9的正相输入端，对称双减法放大器12中A2放大器的输出连接到比较器10的正相输入端；减法放大器11的输出端分别与比较器5、6、9、10的反相输入端相连，实现温度和光强参量的补偿，降低温度及光强变化引发的光线方位跟踪误差。比较器5、比较器6的输出决定X轴方位的电机7的跟踪状态，比较器9、比较器10的输出决定Y轴方位电机8的跟踪状态，比较器5输出高电位比较器6输出低电位电机7正转，比较器5输出低电位比较器6输出高电位电机7反转，比较器5比较器6均输出高电位或低电位电机7不转；Y轴方位的电机8的工作原理与X轴方位电机7相同，不再重复。The negative poles of B1～B6 photocells are connected to the signal ground of the control circuit; the positive poles of B1 are connected to the m input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 through the signal line, and the positive poles of B2 are connected to the n input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 through the signal line. One end of R1 is directly connected to the m input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4, and the other end is grounded; one end of R2 is directly connected to the n input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4, and the other end is grounded, and the positive pole of B3 is connected to the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier through a signal line. The m input end of the subtraction amplifier 12, the positive pole of B4 is connected to the n input end of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 through the signal line, one end of R3 is directly connected to the m input end of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12, and the other end is grounded; one end of R4 is directly Connect to the n input terminal of the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12, and the other end is grounded; the positive pole of B5 is connected to the p input terminal of the subtraction amplifier 11 through the signal line, the positive pole of B6 is connected to the o input terminal of the subtraction amplifier 11 through the signal line, and the One end is directly connected to the o input terminal of the subtraction amplifier 11, the other end is grounded, one end of R6 is directly connected to the p input terminal of the subtraction amplifier 11, and the other end is grounded; the output of the A1 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 is connected to the comparator 6 The positive phase input terminal, the output of the A2 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 4 is connected to the positive phase input terminal of the comparator 5, the output of the A1 amplifier in the symmetrical double subtraction amplifier 12 is connected to the positive phase input terminal of the comparator 9, the symmetrical double subtraction The output of the A2 amplifier in the amplifier 12 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 10; the output terminal of the subtraction amplifier 11 is connected to the inverting input terminals of the comparators 5, 6, 9, 10 respectively to realize the compensation of temperature and light intensity parameters , to reduce the light azimuth tracking error caused by temperature and light intensity changes. The output of comparator 5 and comparator 6 determines the tracking state of motor 7 in X-axis orientation, the output of comparator 9 and comparator 10 determines the tracking state of motor 8 in Y-axis orientation, comparator 5 outputs high potential and comparator 6 outputs low Potential motor 7 rotates forward, comparator 5 outputs low potential comparator 6 outputs high potential motor 7 reverses, comparator 5 and comparator 6 both output high potential or low potential motor 7 does not rotate; the working principle of motor 8 in Y-axis It is the same as the X-axis azimuth motor 7 and will not be repeated.

电机7、8均为内含驱动的控制电机，有关电机驱动电路，相关专业人员均可解决，不再说明。Motors 7 and 8 are all control motors with built-in drive, and relevant professionals can solve the relevant motor drive circuit, so it is no longer explained.

上述实施例用来解释说明本实用新型，而不是对本实用新型进行限制，在本实用新型的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本实用新型作出的任何修改和改变，都落入本实用新型的保护范围。The above-described embodiments are used to explain the utility model, rather than to limit the utility model. Within the spirit of the utility model and the protection scope of the claims, any amendments and changes made to the utility model all fall into the scope of the utility model. protected range.

Claims

2. two-dimentional light intensity aspect sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that described subtracting amplifier (11) mainly is made up of resistance R 7～R10 and operational amplifier A; The end of R7 is as the o input end of subtracting amplifier (11), and the other end links to each other with the inverting input of operational amplifier A; The end of R8 links to each other with the operational amplifier A inverting input, and the other end links to each other with the output terminal of operational amplifier A; The end of R9 is as the p input end of subtracting amplifier (11), and the other end links to each other with the normal phase input end of operational amplifier A; The end of R10 links to each other with the operational amplifier A normal phase input end, other end ground connection.