CN1976356A - Network address conversion penetrating system, method and user equipment - Google Patents
Network address conversion penetrating system, method and user equipmentDownload PDFInfo
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- CN1976356A CN1976356ACN 200510124064CN200510124064ACN1976356ACN 1976356 ACN1976356 ACN 1976356ACN 200510124064CN200510124064CN 200510124064CN 200510124064 ACN200510124064 ACN 200510124064ACN 1976356 ACN1976356 ACN 1976356A
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the network communications technology field, be specifically related to a kind of network address conversion penetrating system, method and subscriber equipment.
Background technology
Along with based on the popularizing of the Internet of TCP/IP (TCP), the quantity of private network and scale are also increasing.In order to allow these private network devices can visit the private network external resource, the NAT technology is arisen at the historic moment.
NAT is address and the port information by the heading of revising UDP (User Datagram Protoco (UDP)) or TCP (transmission control protocol), realizes what network layer address was changed, but uses for VOIP (IP speech), also carries address information in TCP/UDP carries only.NAT can not change this part address information, causes the equipment in the private network invisible to outer net, makes the equipment in the private network can't accept the call request that outer net is sent.This problem is collectively referred to as the NAT problem, and the method that solves the NAT problem is collectively referred to as NAT and penetrates.
At present, NAT penetrates mainly and comprises: ALG (ALG), MIDCOM (middleware communication), STUN (the simple NAT of UDP penetrates), PROXY (agency) or the like.
STUN is a kind of method that solves the NAT problem, main realization principle is: the subscriber equipment in the private network obtains exporting external address and port on the NAT in advance by certain mechanism, then, the address information of being filled in clean carrying is directly filled in external address and the port on the outlet NAT, rather than the privately owned address and the port of the interior subscriber equipment of private network, content in clean like this year just need not to be modified through NAT the time, only need get final product by the IP address and the port of common NAT flow process conversion heading, the address at this moment clean year and port information are consistent with the address and the port information of heading.
IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IP Multimedia System) is 3GPP (3rd GenerationPartnership Project, third generation co-operative project) subsystem of the support IP multimedia service that in Release 5, proposes, its core characteristics are: adopt Session Initiation Protocol and with the independence that inserts.Current I MS supports the mobile access way of 2G and 3G, can't support fixedly access way.Under the development trend of the network integration, many international and domestic organizing all in the network integration scheme of research based on IMS, purpose is to make IMS become general-purpose platform based on the SIP session, to realize the fusion of fixed network and mobile network.Present ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the European Telecommunication Standard committee) and 3GPP join together to study together and discuss and formulate the related specifications that fixed network inserts IMS, and fixed network is inserted IMS abbreviate FBI (Fixed Broadband Access to IMS, fixed network inserts IMS) as.
Insert among the IMS at fixed network, it is quite general adopting NAT device, so, have to consider the NAT problem, and also provide the NAT that solves fixed network access IMS to penetrate scheme at present without any technical specification.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of network address conversion penetrating system, method and subscriber equipment are provided, utilize Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators, the clear and definite NAT penetration flow path of subscriber equipment in the IMS network efficiently solves fixed network and inserts NAT penetration problem under the IMS situation.
For achieving the above object, a kind of network address conversion penetrating system provided by the invention, described system comprises: at least one subscriber equipment, network address translation device and IMS network side, the simple NAT that the IMS network side is provided with at least one UDP penetrates the STUN server, and subscriber equipment is as the STUN client;
Subscriber equipment obtains external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device;
Described subscriber equipment is in the external address information of its NAT that obtains outlet, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
Described subscriber equipment comprises:
Obtain STUN server address information module: by obtaining the address information of STUN server, and transmit it to and obtain external address port module with the name server/information interaction of DHCP DNS/DHCP server;
Obtain external address port module: will ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server according to the address information of the STUN server of its reception, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet its reception, that the STUN Server Transport is come transferred to the call control message transport module by NAT device;
Call control message transport module: in the external address information of the NAT of its reception outlet, load that port information is carried on call control message, and call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device according to the P-CSCF address information of its reception.
Described STUN server comprises:
Obtain P-CSCF address information module: when the STUN server receives the request message that subscriber equipment comes by NAT device transmission, obtain the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence from the DNS/DHCP server, and transmit it to respond module;
Respond module: the external address, the port information that from the request message that the STUN server receives, obtain the NAT outlet, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet be carried in the response message, transfer to corresponding user equipment by NAT device.
The present invention also provides a kind of network address conversion penetrating method, comprising:
A, obtain external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device as the subscriber equipment of STUN client;
B, subscriber equipment be in the external address information of the NAT outlet of obtaining, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
Described step a specifically comprises:
A1, subscriber equipment obtain the address information of STUN server;
To ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server in a2, the subscriber equipment by NAT device;
A3, STUN server obtain the external address and the port information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence after receiving request message, and obtain the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence from the DNS/DHCP server;
A4, STUN server are carried on external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its NAT that obtains outlet in the response message, and transfer to subscriber equipment by NAT device.
Described step a1 is specially:
Subscriber equipment is by obtaining the address information of STUN server with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP server.
Described step a2 is specially:
Subscriber equipment with the request message transmission of User Datagram Protoco (UDP) to NAT device;
NAT device is transformed to the external address of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence with the source address in the request message, and the port number information in the request message is transformed to the port information of NAT device, and with request message transmission to the STUN server.
Described step a3 is specially:
The STUN server obtains external address, the port information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence from the request message that the NAT device transmission comes, and by obtaining the corresponding P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP server.
Described step a4 is specially:
In the MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute that the STUN server is carried on the STUN response message with the external address and the port information of NAT outlet, the P-CSCF address information is carried in the CSCF address information attribute of expansion setting, and the STUN response message is transferred to subscriber equipment.
The load of call control message comprises among the described step b: the SIP load of call control message.
Described method also comprises:
The port attribute information of carrying RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol RTCP in the Session Description Protocol SDP of subscriber equipment message.
The present invention also provides the subscriber equipment in a kind of network address conversion penetrating system, and described subscriber equipment penetrates the STUN client as the simple NAT of UDP;
Subscriber equipment obtains external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device;
Subscriber equipment is in the external address information of its NAT that obtains outlet, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
Described subscriber equipment comprises:
Obtain STUN server address information module: by obtaining the address information of STUN server, and transmit it to and obtain external address port module with the name server/information interaction of DHCP DNS/DHCP server;
Obtain external address port module: will ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server according to the address information of the STUN server of its reception, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet its reception, that the STUN Server Transport is come transferred to the call control message transport module by NAT device;
Call control message transport module: in the external address information of the NAT of its reception outlet, load that port information is carried on call control message, and call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device according to the P-CSCF address information of its reception.
Description by technique scheme as can be known, the present invention by the STUN server is set at the IMS network side, with subscriber equipment as the STUN client, make Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators be applicable to NAT penetration flow path in the IMS network, the clear and definite NAT penetration flow path of subscriber equipment in the IMS network, make subscriber equipment as seen, efficiently solve the NAT penetration problem under the fixed network access IMS situation outer net; The present invention can be under situation about the address transition handling process of present prior NAT equipment not being made any change, can make subscriber equipment obtain external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet by the message in the Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators being carried out simple extension, make that technical scheme of the present invention is easy to implement, usability good; Thereby realized improving the purpose that fixed network inserts the standard flow process of IMS by technical scheme provided by the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the NAT penetrating system schematic diagram based on IMS of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the NAT penetrating method based on IMS of the present invention.
Embodiment
Of the present inventionly all be: at least one STUN (the simple NAT of UDP penetrates) server is set at the IMS network side based on the NAT penetrating system of IMS and the core of method, with subscriber equipment as the STUN client, subscriber equipment obtains the external address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device, port information and P-CSCF address information, described subscriber equipment is with the external address information of its NAT that obtains outlet, port information is carried in the load such as SIP load of call control message, and by NAT device call control message is transferred to P-CSCF.
Network address conversion penetrating system of the present invention describes below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 pair of network address conversion penetrating system of the present invention, method and subscriber equipment as shown in Figure 1.
Among Fig. 1, the NAT penetrating system of IMS of the present invention comprises: IMS network side, at least one subscriber equipment and NAT device, subscriber equipment are the subscriber equipment of FBI (fixed network inserts IMS).Contain STUN Client (STUN client) entity in the subscriber equipment, promptly subscriber equipment is as the STUN client.Accordingly, in the core control net of IMS network side, need to increase STUN Server entity.STUN Server in the IMS core control net can be for one or more, subscriber equipment can be by obtaining the address information of the STUNServer that communicates by letter with it with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP (name server/DHCP) server, and this part function is realized by the STUN server address information module that obtains in the subscriber equipment.The present invention can not do any change to the address transition handling process of present prior NAT equipment, technical scheme of the present invention is easy to implement, usability good thereby make, but, because existing NAT device is realized the difference of address transition handling process, the present invention does not get rid of the possibility that the address transition handling process that partly has NAT device now is changed yet.
Subscriber equipment is in the address information that obtains STUN Server, in the time of also need calling out by SIP, send STUN Query (STUN request) message by NAT device to STUN Server, to obtain the address information of address information, port information and P-CSCF that its corresponding NAT exports.This part function is finished by the external address port module of obtaining in the subscriber equipment, promptly obtain STUN server address information module with its STUN server address message transmission that gets access to obtaining external address port module, obtain external address port module and will ask the STUN Query message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server according to the address information of the STUN server of its reception by NAT device.
After NAT device receives the next STUN Query message of user device transmissions, address information in the STUN Query message is changed, the address information transfer process of the NAT device among the present invention is followed existing address information transfer process, can the source address information in the STUN Query message be converted to the address information of outlet corresponding with subscriber equipment on it for: NAT device as transfer process, the port information in the STUNQuery message is converted on it and subscriber equipment corresponding port information.STUN Query transmission of messages after NAT device is changed address information is to STUN Server.
STUN Server is mainly used in and receives the STUN Query message that subscriber equipment comes by the NAT transmission, and by obtaining external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of the corresponding NAT of subscriber equipment outlet, and these information-bearings are transferred to the subscriber equipment of correspondence by NAT device in STUN Response (STUN response) message with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP server.
The function of STUN Server mainly realizes by obtaining P-CSCF address information module and respond module.
Obtaining P-CSCF address information module is mainly used in when the STUN server receives the STUN Query message that subscriber equipment comes by NAT device transmission, by sending a request message to the DNS/DHCP server, and carry out a series of information interaction with the DNS/DHCP server, to realize obtaining the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence from the DNS/DHCP server; Obtain P-CSCF address information module and receive the message that carries the P-CSCF address information that the DNS/DHCP server returns, and from the message that the DNS/DHCP server returns, obtain the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence, and the P-CSCF address information is transferred to respond module.
Respond module is mainly used in external address, the port information that obtains the NAT outlet the STUN Query message that receives from the STUN server, the subscriber equipment end comes by the NAT device transmission, the external address and the port information of NAT outlet are carried in the MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute of STUN Response message, the P-CSCF address information is carried on CSCF-ADDRESS attribute expansion, that be used for transmitting the P-CSCF address information in the STUN Response message, and STUN Response message is transferred to corresponding subscriber equipment by NAT device.
The external address port module of obtaining in the subscriber equipment is obtained external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information that NAT exports from STUN Response message, and transmits it to the call control message transport module.At this moment, subscriber equipment enters state of activation.Like this, subscriber equipment is when sending call control message such as Register message, Invite message to P-CSCF, by with in the external address of NAT outlet, the SIP load that port information is carried on call control message, just can make the IP address information of call control message consistent with address information in the SIP load, thereby make subscriber equipment as seen, realized that NAT penetrates for outer net.The function that subscriber equipment sends call control message is realized by the call control message transport module.
Carry out in the media flow transmission process at subscriber equipment and called subscriber equipment, because NAT device need carry out conversion to source address and port numbers based on the data message of RTP, and the port that acquiescence RTP, RTCP use among the SDP (Session Description Protocol) is the relation that order increases progressively, but, destroyed the relation that this order increases progressively through the port numbers behind the address mapping of NAT device, destroyed the end-to-end attribute of real time business, so the SDP agreement needs suitable expansion to support the application of NAT.
Concrete extended method is: in SDP, increase the explanation of RTCP port attribute, as:
m＝audio?49170?RTP/AVP?0
a＝rtcp：53020?IN?IP4?126.16.64.4
The RTCP port of expression RTP port 49170 correspondences is 53020, rather than 49171.
Describe below in conjunction with NAT penetrating method in 2 pairs of IMS networks of the present invention of accompanying drawing.
Among Fig. 2, at step 2-1, UE (subscriber equipment) by with a series of information interactions of DNS/DHCP server after, obtain the address information of STUN Server.
Send the STUN Server of STUN Query message to network side at step 2-2, UE by UDP, STUN Query message at first transfers to NAT device.
To step 2-3, NAT device the IP address information of the STUN Query message of its reception is carried out address transition, concrete address translation process is: the source address information in the STUN Query message is converted to the address information of outlet corresponding with subscriber equipment on it, the port information in the STUN Query message is converted on it and subscriber equipment corresponding port information.After address transition is finished, NAT device with the STUNQuery transmission of messages to STUN Server.
After receiving STUN Query message to step 2-4, STUN Server, through and a series of information interaction of DNS/DHCP server, obtain the address information of the P-CSCF of UE correspondence.
Step 2-5 to step 2-6, STUN Server after obtaining the address message of P-CSCF, produce STUNResponse message, MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute in the STUN Response message carries source address information and the port information in its STUN Query message that receives, be the external address information and the port information of UE correspondence on NAT, in Fig. 2, external address information is: 210.123.34.12, port information is: 5678.In addition, also carry the P-CSCF address information in the CSCF-ADDRESS attribute of STUN Response message, in Fig. 2, the P-CSCF address information is: xx.xx.xx.xx.The CSCF-ADDRESS attribute is the extended attribute of STUN Response message.STUN Response message transfers to UE by NAT device.
Learn the address information of its external address information, port information and P-CSCF on NAT by loaded information in the STUN Response message body to step 2-7, UE, in the SIP load that external address information on the NAT and port information are inserted call control message, and call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device according to the address information of P-CSCF.Call control message such as Register, Invite message etc.Among Fig. 2, address information, port information in the SIP load of call control message are: 210.123.34.12:5678.
To step 2-8, NAT device receipt of call control messages, IP address information in the conversion call control message, and call control message transferred to P-CSCF, like this, IP address information in the call control message is consistent with IP address information in the SIP load, as be 210.123.34.12:5678 among Fig. 2, and make UE as seen to outer net, realized that NAT penetrates.
To respond successful 200OK message to step 2-9 to step 2-10, P-CSCF and transfer to UE by NAT device.
Though described the present invention by embodiment, those of ordinary skills know, the present invention has many distortion and variation and do not break away from spirit of the present invention, and the claim of application documents of the present invention comprises these distortion and variation.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of network address conversion penetrating system, it is characterized in that, described system comprises: the simple NAT that at least one subscriber equipment, network address translation device and IMS network side, IMS network side are provided with at least one UDP penetrates the STUN server, and subscriber equipment is as the STUN client;
Subscriber equipment obtains external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device;
Described subscriber equipment is in the external address information of its NAT that obtains outlet, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
2, a kind of network address conversion penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described subscriber equipment comprises:
Obtain STUN server address information module: by obtaining the address information of STUN server, and transmit it to and obtain external address port module with the name server/information interaction of DHCP DNS/DHCP server;
Obtain external address port module: will ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server according to the address information of the STUN server of its reception, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet its reception, that the STUN Server Transport is come transferred to the call control message transport module by NAT device;
Call control message transport module: in the external address information of the NAT of its reception outlet, load that port information is carried on call control message, and call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device according to the P-CSCF address information of its reception.
3, a kind of network address conversion penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described STUN server comprises:
Obtain P-CSCF address information module: after the STUN server receives the request message of subscriber equipment by the NAT device transmission, obtain the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence from the DNS/DHCP server, and transmit it to respond module;
Respond module: the external address, the port information that from the request message that the STUN server receives, obtain the NAT outlet, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet be carried in the response message, transfer to corresponding user equipment by NAT device.
4, a kind of network address conversion penetrating method is characterized in that, comprising:
A, obtain external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device as the subscriber equipment of STUN client;
B, subscriber equipment be in the external address information of the NAT outlet of obtaining, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
5, a kind of network address conversion penetrating method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described step a specifically comprises:
A1, subscriber equipment obtain the address information of STUN server;
To ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server in a2, the subscriber equipment by NAT device;
A3, STUN server obtain the external address and the port information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence after receiving request message, and obtain the P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment correspondence from the DNS/DHCP server;
A4, STUN server are carried on external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its NAT that obtains outlet in the response message, and transfer to subscriber equipment by NAT device.
6, a kind of network address conversion penetrating method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described step a1 is specially:
Subscriber equipment is by obtaining the address information of STUN server with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP server.
7, a kind of network address conversion penetrating method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described step a2 is specially:
Subscriber equipment with the request message transmission of User Datagram Protoco (UDP) to NAT device;
NAT device is transformed to the external address of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence with the source address in the request message, and the port number information in the request message is transformed to the port information of NAT device, and with request message transmission to the STUN server.
8, a kind of network address conversion penetrating method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described step a3 is specially:
The STUN server obtains external address, the port information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence from the request message that the NAT device transmission comes, and by obtaining the corresponding P-CSCF address information of subscriber equipment with the information interaction of DNS/DHCP server.
9, as claim 5,6,7 or 8 described a kind of network address conversion penetrating methods, it is characterized in that described step a4 is specially:
In the MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute that the STUN server is carried on the STUN response message with the external address and the port information of NAT outlet, the P-CSCF address information is carried in the CSCF address information attribute of expansion setting, and the STUN response message is transferred to subscriber equipment.
10, as claim 4,5,6,7 or 8 described a kind of network address conversion penetrating methods, it is characterized in that the load of call control message comprises among the described step b: the SIP load of call control message.
11, as claim 4,5,6,7 or 8 described a kind of network address conversion penetrating methods, it is characterized in that described method also comprises:
The port attribute information of carrying RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol RTCP in the Session Description Protocol SDP of subscriber equipment message.
12, the subscriber equipment in a kind of network address conversion penetrating system is characterized in that, described subscriber equipment penetrates the STUN client as the simple NAT of UDP;
Subscriber equipment obtains external address information, port information and the P-CSCF address information of its corresponding NAT outlet from the STUN server by NAT device;
Subscriber equipment is in the external address information of its NAT that obtains outlet, the load that port information is carried on call control message, and according to the P-CSCF address information call control message transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device.
13, the subscriber equipment in a kind of network address conversion penetrating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described subscriber equipment comprises:
Obtain STUN server address information module: by obtaining the address information of STUN server, and transmit it to and obtain external address port module with the name server/information interaction of DHCP DNS/DHCP server;
Obtain external address port module: will ask the message of external address, port information and P-CSCF address information of the NAT outlet of subscriber equipment correspondence to transfer to the STUN server according to the address information of the STUN server of its reception, and external address, port information and the P-CSCF address information of NAT outlet its reception, that the STUN Server Transport is come transferred to the call control message transport module by NAT device;
Call control message transport module: in the external address information of the NAT of its reception outlet, load that port information is carried on call control message, and call control message is transferred to P-CSCF by NAT device according to the P-CSCF address information of its reception.
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| CN 200510124064CN1976356A (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2005-11-28 | Network address conversion penetrating system, method and user equipment |
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| CN 200510124064CN1976356A (en) | 2005-11-28 | 2005-11-28 | Network address conversion penetrating system, method and user equipment |
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| WO2009000181A1 (en)* | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for acquiring traversal resource, peer to peer node and peer to peer system |
| WO2009052675A1 (en)* | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Zte Corporation | A method and system for the terminal to obtain the p-cscf address |
| WO2009124450A1 (en)* | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Nat traversal method based on combination of technique of upnp and stun |
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| CN101925053B (en)* | 2009-06-12 | 2013-04-03 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Method, system and server for controlling session of IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) domain |
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| US8601140B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2013-12-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for acquiring traversal resource, peer to peer node and peer to peer system |
| WO2009000181A1 (en)* | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for acquiring traversal resource, peer to peer node and peer to peer system |
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| WO2009052675A1 (en)* | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Zte Corporation | A method and system for the terminal to obtain the p-cscf address |
| CN101442480B (en)* | 2007-11-20 | 2011-09-07 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | Network communication method based on STUN protocol |
| CN101500234B (en)* | 2008-01-31 | 2013-06-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for early IMS authentication of user terminal access |
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| WO2009124450A1 (en)* | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Nat traversal method based on combination of technique of upnp and stun |
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