Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


CN1954131A - 使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器 - Google Patents

使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器
Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1954131A
CN1954131ACNA2005800127270ACN200580012727ACN1954131ACN 1954131 ACN1954131 ACN 1954131ACN A2005800127270 ACNA2005800127270 ACN A2005800127270ACN 200580012727 ACN200580012727 ACN 200580012727ACN 1954131 ACN1954131 ACN 1954131A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
temperature
stratum
heater
conductor
hydrocarbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2005800127270A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1954131B (zh
Inventor
H·J·维内加
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BVfiledCriticalShell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of CN1954131ApublicationCriticalpatent/CN1954131A/zh
Application grantedgrantedCritical
Publication of CN1954131BpublicationCriticalpatent/CN1954131B/zh
Anticipated expirationlegal-statusCritical
Expired - Fee Relatedlegal-statusCriticalCurrent

Links

Images

Classifications

Landscapes

Abstract

本发明提供一种系统,该系统包括电导体,电导体构造为当施加电流至电导体时产生电阻热输出。电绝缘体至少部分地围绕电导体。电绝缘体包括一种氮化物。护套至少部分地围绕电导体。

Description

使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器
背景
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及由各种地下地层,比如由含碳氢化合物的地层生产碳氢化合物、氢和/或其它产品用的方法和系统。尤其是,所述的某些实施例涉及使用氮化物电绝缘的加热器。
相关技术的说明
由地下地层获得的碳氢化合物经常被用作能量资源、原料以及消费产品。对于可获取的碳氢资源日益贫化以及生产的碳氢化合物的整体质量改变的担心,导致处理过程的发展,以便更有效地回收、加工和/或使用可获取的碳氢化合物资源。原地处理可以用于由地下地层清除碳氢材料。在地层内的碳氢化合物材料的化学和/或物理性能可能需要改变,以允许碳氢材料可以更容易地由地层清除。化学和物理改变可以包括:原地反应,它在地层内产生可清除的液体,成分改变,溶解度改变,密度改变,相变和/或粘度改变。一种流体可能是,但不局限于一种气体,一种液体,一种乳剂,一种料浆和/或一种固体颗粒的细流,该细流具有类似于液体流动的流动特性。
电加热器可以借助辐射和/或传导使用于加热地层。授予Germain的美国专利No.2,548,360描述一种电加热器,其适于以这样的一种方式和这样的效果下降入一个油井套管和浸在油内,以致重比重油—这种油通常在自然状态下是不能由油井泵送的,至少不能以足够的体积被泵送来使井变得有利或有效—可以被加热并因此稀化至一个可以以完全和有利的体积被泵送的稠度。授予Eastlund等人的美国专利No.4,716,960描述一种石油钻井井管的电加热,它是借助电流通过井管以防止形成固体,比如石蜡。授予Van Egmond的美国专利No.5,065,818描述一种地下加热器,它不需要一个套管。
授予Vinegar等人的美国专利No.6,023,554描述一种加热元件,围绕加热元件的一个套管以及支承材料,该支承材料分隔电阻加热元件和套管。支承材料对于电阻加热元件产生的辐射能是半透明的,因此由电加热元件至套管的热传递是辐射的和传导的。该加热元件使用作为一个油井加热器,用于这样的目的,比如碳氢化合物回收和土壤修复。
授予Van Meurs等人的美国专利No.4,570,715描述一种电加热元件。一个电加热器设置为具有至少一个加热元件,位于准备加热的间距中。所述的一个或多个加热元件基本上包括:(a)电传导芯子或导体,它在一个高温具有一个较低的电阻,(b)芯子围绕绝缘材料,它在一个高温具有较高的电阻性能、压缩强度和热传导率,以及(c)芯子和绝缘围绕金属护套,该金属护套在一个高温具有较高的拉伸强度性能,抗蠕变性和抗软化性。所述的电加热器也可设置为这样,使沿着准备加热的间距加热器具有随着距离改变的一个电阻图案(例如,由于芯子横截面面积和每单位长度电阻的组合),该电阻图案与沿着准备加热的地层的间距随着距离改变的一个热传导率图案相关联。
某些加热器使用的绝缘体不是非常致密的并具有低的拉伸强度、低的抗弯力学强度和/或低的热冲击应力特性。还有,某些加热器可以在高温下使用,这种高温足以引起某些类型的绝缘体破坏或失效。因此,这里所述的某些加热器内使用的绝缘体是非常致密的材料,具有高的拉伸强度,高的抗弯力学强度和高的热冲击应力特性。这里所述的某些绝缘体也是优良的高温电绝缘体。
发明概述
本发明提供一种系统,包括:电导体,其被构造为在施加电流至该电导体的过程中产生电阻热输出;电绝缘体,至少部分地围绕该电导体,其中该电绝缘体包括氮化物;以及护套,至少部分地围绕该电导体。
本发明还提供与上述的发明的组合,其中:(a)该氮化物是氮化硅或氮化硼;(b)该电导体是铜-镍合金;和/或(c)该护套是一种耐腐蚀材料。
本发明还提供一种使用上述发明的系统加热地层用的原地方法。
附图的简要说明
本发明的优点对于本领域技术人员在参照附图阅读下列的详细说明之后变得明确,其中:
图1示出在地层内加热碳氢化合物的各阶段的一个示意图;
图2示出处理一个含碳氢地层用的一个原地转换系统的一部分的一个实施例的一个示意图;
图3,4和5示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体,具有一个铁磁段和一个非铁磁段;
图6,7,8和9示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体,具有一个铁磁段和一个非铁磁段,放置在一个护套内;
图10,11和12示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体;
图13,14,15和16示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图;
图17A和图17B示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图;
图18A和图18B示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的横剖面图;
图19示出一个导体在导管内热源的一个实施例的一个横剖面图;
图20示出一个可拆卸的导体在导管内热源的一个实施例的一个横剖面图;
图21A和图21B示出一个绝缘的导体加热器的一个实施例;
图22示出一个导体在导管内温度限制加热器的一个实施例;
图23示出一个三相温度限制加热器的一个实施例,一部分以横剖面图示出;
图24示出一个三相温度限制加热器的一个实施例,一部分以横剖面图示出;
图25示出选择温度下氧化铝和氮化硅定中心器的电压与泄漏电流测量值的关系曲线;
图26示出泄漏电流测量值与两种不同类型的氮化硅的温度的关系曲线。
虽然本发明易于有不同的改变和代替形式,在各图中以实例方式示出它的特定的实施例以及在此处详细地说明。这些附图可以不按比例。然而,应该理解,这些附图和详细的说明不是有意地限制本发明为公开的特定的形式,与此相反,本发明应覆盖在本发明的精神和范围内的全部改变、等同和代替,本发明的精神和范围如所附权利要求书所限定。
本发明的详细说明
上述的问题可以使用这里所述的系统,方法和加热器解决。例如,一种系统,包括电导体,电导体构造为当施加电流至电导体时产生电阻热输出。电绝缘体至少部分地围绕该电导体以及与该电导体直接物理接触。该电绝缘体可以包括氮化物。护套至少部分地围绕该电导体以及与该电导体直接物理接触。
下列的说明总的涉及在地层内处理碳氢化合物用的系统和方法。这种地层可以处理以获得碳氢产品、氢和其它产品。本文中使用的术语定义如下。
“碳氢化合物”一般定义为主要由碳和氢原子形成的分子。碳氢化合物还可以包括其它元素,比如,但不局限于卤族元素,金属元素,氮,氧和/或硫。碳氢化合物可以是,但不局限于油页岩,沥青,焦沥青,油类,天然矿蜡和沥青岩。碳氢化合物可以位于地球的矿物岩脉内或与其邻接。岩脉可以包括,但不局限于沉积岩,砂,硅质盐,碳酸盐,硅藻土,以及其它硫松介质。“碳氢化合物流体”是包含碳氢化合物的流体。碳氢化合物流体可以包括掺杂,或被掺杂在非碳氢化合物流体内(例如,氢,氮,一氧化碳,二氧化碳,硫化氢,水和氨水)。
“API比重”是指在15.5℃(60)下API(美国石油学会)的比重。API比重是按照美国标准试验和材料学会方法D6822(ASTMMethod D6822)测定的。
“地层”包括一个或多个含碳氢化合物层,一个或多个非碳氢化合物层,上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层。上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层包括一个或多个不同类型的不渗透材料。例如,上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层可以包括岩石,油页岩,泥石或湿/致密碳酸盐。在原地转换过程的某些实施例中,上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层可以包括一个或多个含碳氢化合物层,它们是较不渗透的和在原地转换过程中不经受温度,该过程导致上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层的含碳氢化合物层显著的特性改变。例如,上覆岩层可能含有油页岩或泥石,但是下伏岩层不允许在原地转换过程中加热至热解温度。在某些情况下,上覆岩层和/或下伏岩层可以是稍微可渗透的。
“地层流体和生产的流体”是指由地层清除的流体,以及可以包括热解流体,合成气体,移动的碳氢和水(蒸汽)。地层流体可以包括碳氢化合物流体以及非碳氢化合物流体。
“加热器”是在一个油井内或邻近钻井区内的产生热量用的任何系统。加热器可以是,但不局限于电加热器,循环热传送流体或蒸汽,燃烧器,燃烧器,它们与地层内的或由其产生的材料反应。术语“钻井”是指在地层内钻出的一个孔或插入一个导管。在本文中使用的术语“油井”和“孔”当指在地层内的一个孔时,可以与术语“钻井”互相交换使用。
“温度限制加热器”一般是指一个加热器,当超过一个规定的温度时,它调节热输出(例如减少热输出),而不使用外部控制器,比如温度控制器,功率调节器,整流器或其它器件。温度限制加热器可以是AC(交流)或调制(例如斩波)DC(直流)功率电阻加热器。
“居里温度”是一个温度,超过它铁磁材料丧失其全部铁磁性能。除在超过居里温度丧失其全部铁磁性能外,当一个增加的电流前进通过铁磁材料时,铁磁材料开始丧失其铁磁性能。
“随时间改变电流是指一种电流,它的大小随时间改变。随时间改变电流包括交流(AC)和调制的直流(DC)。”
“交流(AC)是指一个随时间改变电流,它基本上按正弦反向。交流产生电表皮效应,在一个铁磁导体内流动。”
“调制的直流(DC)是指任何基本上非正弦的随时间改变电流,它产生电 表皮效应,在一个铁磁导体内流动。”
温度限制加热器的“调节比”是指对于一个给定的电流在低于居里温度时最高的AC或调制的DC电阻与高于居里温度时最低的电阻的比率。
“氮化物”是指氮和周期表的一个或多个元素的一个化合物。氮化物包括,但不局限于氮化硅、氮化硼或氮氧化铝。
“热解”是由于施加热量引起化学键的破坏。热解包括仅借助热量转换一个化合物成为一个或多个其它物质。热量可以传送至地层的一段以引起热解。热解流体或热解产品是指在碳氢化合物热解时产生的流体。热解反应产生的流体可以与地层内的其它流体混合。该混合物应考虑为热解流体或热解产品。热解流体包括,但不局限于碳氢化合物,氢,二氧化碳,一氧化碳,硫化氢,氨水,氮,水以及它们的混合物。
“可凝结碳氢化合物”是在25℃和101kPa绝对压力下凝结的碳氢化合物。可凝结碳氢化合物可以包括具有碳数大于4的碳氢化合物的一种混合物。“不可凝结碳氢化合物”是在25℃和101kPa绝对压力下不凝结的碳氢化合物。不可凝结碳氢化合物可以包括具有碳数小于5的碳氢化合物。
在地层中的碳氢化合物可以借助不同的方式处理,以产生许多不同的产品。在某些实施例中,这样的地层分阶段处理。图1示出含有碳氢化合物的地层的一部分的几个加热阶段。图1还示出地层流体的产量(“Y”)与地层加热温度(“T”)关系的一个实例,产量(“Y”)以每吨所相当的油的桶数(barrels of oil equivalent per ton)(y-轴)计,地层加热温度(“T”)以℃(x-轴)计。
在加热的阶段1产生甲烷的解除吸附和水的蒸发。整个阶段1地层的加热应尽可能迅速地进行。当地层开始加热时,在地层内的碳氢化合物使吸附的甲烷解除吸附。解除吸附的甲烷可以由地层产出。如果地层继续加热,在地层内的水蒸发。在一些地层内水可以占据地层内松孔体积的10%和50%之间。在其它的地层内,水占据松孔体积的较大或较小部分。水典型地在160℃和285℃之间,在绝对压力600kPa至7000kPa下在地层内蒸发。在某些实施例中,蒸发的水产生地层内的可浸湿性改变和/或增加的地层压力。可浸湿性改变和/或增加的压力可能影响地层内的热解或其它反应。在某些实施例中,由地层产生蒸发的水。在其它实施例中,蒸发的水使用于地层内或地层外的蒸汽提取和/或蒸馏。由地层消除水和增加地层内的松孔体积增加了松孔体积内的碳氢化合物的存储空间。
在某些实施例中,在加热阶段1之后,地层的部分继续加热,从而使构造部分内的温度达到(至少)一个开始热解温度(比如阶段2所示的温度范围的低端温度)。地层内的碳氢化合物可以在整个阶段2内热解。热解温度范围根据地层内的碳氢化合物的类型改变。热解温度范围可以包括温度在250℃和900℃之间。产生希望的产品用的热解温度范围可以延伸仅通过整个热解温度范围的一部分。在某些实施例中,产生希望的产品用的热解温度范围可以包括温度在250℃和400℃之间,温度在250℃和350℃之间,或温度在325℃和400℃之间。如果地层内的碳氢化合物的温度缓慢地升高,通过温度范围由250℃至400℃,热解产品的生产基本上可以在温度达到400℃时完成。使用一组热源加热地层可以建立围绕热源的热梯度,它可以在整个热解温度范围内缓慢地升高地层内碳氢化合物的温度。
在某些转换实施例中,地层的一部分加热至希望的温度,以代替在通过热解温度范围缓慢的加热温度。在某些实施例中,希望的温度为300℃。在某些实施例中,希望的温度为325℃。在某些实施例中,希望的温度为350℃。其它的温度也可以选择作为希望的温度。来自各热源热量的叠加允许希望的温度较迅速地和有效地在地层内建立。由各热源进入地层内的能量输入可以调节,以保持地层内的温度在希望的温度。构造的加热部分保持在基本上希望的温度,直到热解降低至这样,由地层生产希望的地层流体变得不经济。经受热解的构造的各部分可以包括各区域,它借助于仅由一个热源的热传输达到热解温度范围。
在某些实施例中,地层流体包括由地层产生的热解流体。当地层的温度增加时,在产生的地层流体内的可凝结碳氢量可能减少。在高温时,地层可以主要产生甲烷和/或氢。如果地层加热经过整个热解范围,该构造可能在接近热解范围的上限时仅产生少量的氢。在最多的可提取的氢贫化后,发生由地层产生最少量流体。
在碳氢化合物热解之后,大量的碳和一些氢可能仍存在于地层的加热部分内。保留在构造的加热部分内的一些碳能够以合成气体的形式由地层产生。合成气体的产生可以在图1所示的加热阶段3进行。阶段3包括加热地层的加热部分至一个温度,足以允许合成气体产生。合成气体可以产生的温度范围为由400℃至1200℃,500℃至1100℃或550℃至1000℃。当合成气体产生流体被引入地层时,地层的加热部分的温度取决于地层内产生的合成气体的成分。产生的合成气体可以通过一个或更多生产井由地层清除。
图2示出处理含碳氢地层用的原地转换系统的一部分的一个实施例的示意图。热源100放置在地层的至少一部分内。热源100可以包括电加热器,比如绝缘的导体、导体在导管内的加热器、表面燃烧器、无焰分布燃烧器和/或自然分布燃烧器。热源100也可以包括其它类型的加热器。热源100提供热量至地层的至少一部分,以加热地层内的碳氢化合物。能量可以通过供给管路102供给至热源100。供给管路102根据加热地层使用的热源的类型可以在结构上是不同的。热源用的供给管路102可以是电加热器用的电传输,燃烧器用的燃料传输,或可以是在地层内循环的热交换流体传输。
生产井104使用于由地层清除地层流体。由生产井104生产的地层流体可以通过收集管106传输至处理设备108。地层流体也可由热源100产生。例如,流体可由热源100产生,以控制邻近热源的地层内的压力。由热源100产生的地层流体可以通过管子传输至收集管106,或产生的流体可以通过管子直接传输至处理设备108。处理设备108可以包括分离单元,反应单元,升级单元,燃料电池,涡轮机,存储容器和/或其它系统和单元,用于处理产生的地层流体。
处理碳氢化合物用的原地转换系统可包括阻挡井110。阻挡井使用于形成围绕一个处理区的一个阻挡层。阻挡层阻挡流体流入和/或流出处理区。阻挡井包括,但不局限于脱水井,真空井,捕获井,喷射井,泥浆井,凝结井或它们的组合。在某些实施例中,阻挡井110为脱水井。脱水井可以清除液体水和/或阻挡液体水进入准备加热的地层的一部分或准备加热的地层。在图2所示的实施例中,所示的脱水井仅沿着热源100的一个侧面延伸,但是脱水井典型地是围绕加热地层使用的或准备使用的全部热源100。
如图2所示,除热源100之外,一个或多个生产井104位于地层内。地层流体可以通过生产井104生产。在某些实施例中,生产井104包括一个热源。在生产井内的热源可以加热接近生产井的构造的一部分或数个部分,以及允许地层流体的蒸汽相消除。从生产井高温泵送液体的需要可以被减少或消除。避免或限制液体的高温泵送显著地降低了生产成本。在生产井处或通过生产井提供加热可以:(1)当生产流体在最接近上覆岩层的生产井内移动时,阻止生产流体的凝结和/或反流,(2)增加进入地层的热输入和/或(3)增加在生产井处或最接近生产井的地层的可渗透性。在某些原地转换过程实施例中,由一个生产井按每米生产井供给至地层的热量小于由一个加热地层的热源按每米热源供给至地层的热量。
在某些原地转换过程实施例中,由于流体产生引起的增加的压力可以保持在地层的加热部分内。在地层中保持增加的压力可以阻止原地转换时的地层沉陷。增加的地层压力可以促进热解时高质量产品的产生。增加的地层压力有利于来自地层的流体的蒸气相生产。蒸气相的生产允许减小由地层产生的流体传输用的收集管路的尺寸。增加的地层压力可以减少或消除在地面上压缩地层流体的需要,以便传输在收集管路内的流体至处理设备。
在地层内的增加的压力也可以保持以产生更多的和/或改进的地层流体。在某些原地转换过程实施例中,由地层产生的大量的碳氢化合物流体的可能是不可凝结的碳氢化合物。压力可以选择地增加和/或保持在地层内,以促进在地层内形成小链碳氮化合物。在地层内产生小链碳氢化合物允许由地层产出更多的可凝结碳氢化合物。在较高压力下由地层产生的可凝结碳氢化合物当按API(美国石油学会)比重评定时,具有比在较低压力下由地层产生的可凝结碳氢化合物更高的质量。在某些实施例中,由地层产生的混合物包括可凝结碳氢化合物,具有的API比重至少为25,或至少为30。
高压力可以保持在地层的加热部分内,以阻止产生具有碳数为25或更大的分量的地层流体。在地层的加热部分内保持增加的压力意外地允许产生大量的优质的碳氢化合物。高压力可以阻止较高分子量的碳氢化合物蒸发。阻止较高分子量的碳氢化合物的蒸发可以导致较高分子量的碳氢化合物保留在地层内。较高分子量的碳氢化合物可以与在地层内的较低分子量的碳氢化合物相互作用,以蒸发较低分子量的碳氢化合物。蒸发的碳氢化合物可以更容易地通过地层传输。
在某些实施例中,“温度限制加热器”用于供给热量至地层。温度限制加热器是一种加热器,当超过一个规定的温度时,它调节热输出(例如减少热输出),而不使用外部控制器,比如温度控制器,功率调节器,整流器或其它器件。
温度限制加热器可以是这样的形状构造和/或包括材料,所述形状构造和材料对于一定温度的加热器提供自动的温度限制性能。在某些实施例中,铁磁材料使用在温度限制加热器内。当对铁磁材料施加一个随时间改变的电流时,铁磁材料能够自限制温度在材料的居里温度或接近居里温度,提供在居里温度或接近居里温度时一个减少的热量。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器的铁磁材料自限制温度在一个选择温度,它接近居里温度。在某些实施例中,选择温度在居里温度周围35℃内,25℃内,20℃内或10℃内。在某些实施例中,铁磁材料与其它材料接合(例如,高传导材料,高强度材料,耐腐蚀材料或它们的组合),以提供不同的电学和/或力学性能。温度限制加热器的一些部件可以具有一个较低的电阻(它是由于不同的几何形状和/或由于使用不同的铁磁材料和/或非铁磁材料引起的),该电阻低于温度限制加热器的其它部件的电阻。温度限制加热器的一些部件具有不同的材料和/或尺寸,允许由加热器的每个部件调节希望的热输出。
温度限制加热器可以比其它的加热器更可靠。温度限制加热器可以较少的倾向于由于地层内的热点而引起破坏或失效。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器允许构造的基本上均匀的加热。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器能够更有效地加热地层,这时是借助沿着加热器的整个长度以一个高度均匀的热输出工作。温度限制加热器沿着加热器的整个长度以较高的平均热输出工作,这是因为,如果沿着加热器任何点的一个温度超过或大致超过加热器的一个最高工作温度,不需要像在典型的恒定瓦特数的加热器情况那样减少至整个加热器的功率。来自一个温度限制加热器的各部分的热输出在接近加热器的居里温度时自动化减少,不需要控制调节施加至加热器的电流。热输出的自动化减少是由于电性能的改变(例如,温度限制加热器的各部分的电阻)。因此,在加热过程的大部分时间内,由温度限制加热器供给更大的功率。
在某些实施例中,包括温度限制加热器的系统首先提供一个第一热输出,以及随后提供一个减少的热输出(第二热输出),当该温度限制加热器被一个随时间改变的电流激励时,该减少的热输出在接近、处于或超过加热器的一个电阻部分的居里温度处。第一热输出是在某些温度条件下的热输出,低于这些温度时温度限制加热器开始自限制。在某些实施例中,第一热输出是在一个温度的热输出,此温度低于温度限制加热器的铁磁材料的居里温度50℃,75℃,100℃或125℃。
温度限制加热器可以借助在油井头供给的随时间改变的电流(交流或调制直流)激励。油井头可以包括一个供电源和其它部件(例如,调制部件,变压器和/或电容器)用于供电至温度限制加热器。温度限制加热器可以是使用于加热地层的一部分用的许多加热器之一。
在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器包括一个导体,当一个随时间改变电流施加至导体时,该导体作为一个表皮效应或接近效应加热器工作。表皮效应限制电流渗透导体内部的深度。对于铁磁材料,表皮效应受导体的磁导率支配。铁磁材料的相对磁导率典型地在10和1000之间(例如,铁磁材料的相对磁导率典型地为至少10,以及可以是至少50,100,500,1000或更大)。当铁磁材料的温度升高超过居里温度,和/或施加的电流增加时,铁磁材料的磁导率显著地减少,以及表皮深度迅速地扩大(例如,表皮深度的扩大与磁导率的平方根成反比)。磁导率的减少是由于在接近、处于或超过居里温度时导体的AC或调制DC电阻的减少和/或当施加的电流增加时引起。当温度限制加热器由一个基本上恒定的电源供电时,接近、达到或超过居里温度的加热器的各部分可以具有减少的热耗散。不处于或不接近居里温度的温度限制加热器的各段可以被表皮效应加热支配,由于较高的电阻负载,该表皮效应加热允许加热器具有高的热耗散。
用温度限制加热器加热地层内碳氢化合物的优点在于导体选择为具有一个居里温度在一个希望的温度工作范围。在希望的工作温度范围内的工作,允许显著的热注射进入地层,而保持温度限制加热器和其它设备的温度低于设计的限制温度。设计的限制温度是这样的温度,在此温度各种性能,比如腐蚀、蠕变和/或变形受到不利的影响。温度限制加热器的温度限制性能阻止邻近地层内低热传导“热点”的加热器的过热或烧损。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器根据加热器内使用的材料,能够降低或控制热输出和/或耐受温度超过25℃,37℃,100℃,250℃,500℃,700℃,800℃,900℃或高至1500℃的热。
温度限制加热器允许比恒定瓦特数加热器更多的热注射进入地层,因为进入温度限制加热器的能量输入不必须限制以适应邻近加热器的低热传导率区域。例如,在绿河油页岩中(Green River oil shale)最低富度的油页岩层和最高富度的油页岩层的热传导率的差别至少为50%。当加热这样一个地层时,基本上使用温度限制加热器比使用普通的加热器可传输更多的热量至该构造,普通的加热器受到低热传导率层内温度的限制。沿着普通加热器的整个长度的热输出需要适应低热传导率层,这样使加热器在低热传导率层不会过热和烧损。对于温度限制加热器,邻近处于高温的低热传导率层的热输出将减少,但是不是处于高温的温度限制加热器的剩余部分仍提供高的热输出。因为加热碳氢地层用的加热器典型地具有很长的长度(例如,至少10m,100m,300m,1km或更长至10km),温度限制加热器的大部分长度可以在低于居里温度下工作,而仅有少数部分在温度限制加热器的居里温度处或接近居里温度处工作。
使用温度限制加热器允许有效地传输热量至地层。热量的有效传输允许减少加热地层至一个希望的温度需要的时间。例如,在绿河油页岩中,当使用一个具有12m的加热器油井间距的恒定瓦特数加热器时,热解典型地需要9.5年至10年。对于同样的加热器间距,温度限制加热器可以允许较大的平均热输出,而加热器设备温度保持在低于设备设计的限制温度。地层内的热解可以较早时产生,这是由于由温度限制加热器提供的平均热输出比由恒定瓦特数的加热器提供的平均热输出大。例如,在绿河油页岩中,使用一个具有12m的加热器油井间距的温度限制加热器时热解可以在5年内产生。温度限制加热器可以克服热点,这些热点是由于不精确的油井间距或钻井引起的,这里加热器井彼此太接近。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器允许对间距太远的加热器油井超时地增加功率输出,或对间距太接近的加热器油井限制功率输出。
在温度限制加热器中使用的一种或多种铁磁合金确定加热器的居里温度。不同的金属的居里温度数据列于下列文献:美国物理学手册学会(American Institute of Physics Handbook,Second Edition,McGraw-Hill),第5-170页至第5-176页。铁磁导体可以包括一个或多个铁磁元素(铁,钴和镍)和/或这些元素的合金。在某些实施例中,铁磁导体包括铁—铬合金,它含有钨(例如,HCM 12A和SAVE 12(Sumitomo Metals Co.,Japan)和/或含有铬的铁合金(例如,Fe-Cr合金,Fe-Cr-W合金,Fe-Cr-V合金,Fe-Cr-Nb合金)。在此三种主要的铁磁元素中,铁具有居里温度为约770℃;钴具有居里温度为约1131℃;以及镍具有居里温度为约358℃。一种铁—钴合金具有居里温度高于铁的居里温度。例如,含有2%钴的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约800℃;含有12%钴的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约900℃;以及含有20%钴的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约950℃。一种铁—镍合金具有的居里温度低于铁的居里温度。例如,含有20%镍的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约720℃,以及含有60%镍的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约560℃。
某些非铁磁元素使用作为铁的居里温度升高合金。例如,含有5.9%钒的一种铁合金具有居里温度为约815℃。其它的非铁磁元素(例如,碳,铝,铜,硅和/或铬)可以与铁或其它铁磁材料合金化,以降低居里温度。升高居里温度的非铁磁材料可以与降低居里温度的非铁磁材料组合以及与铁或其它铁磁材料合金化,以产生具有希望的居里温度和其它希望的物理和/或化学性能的材料。在某些实施例中,居里温度材料是一个铁氧体,比如NiFe2O4。在其它的实施例中,居里温度材料是一个二元化合物,比如FeNi3或Fe3Al。
温度限制加热器的某些实施例可以包括一种以上的铁磁材料。如果这里所述的任何条件适用于温度限制加热器内至少一种铁磁材料,这种实施例属于这里所述的实施例的范围。
铁磁性能一般在接近居里温度时衰减。由IEEE出版社于1995年出版的由C.James Erickson著的“工业用电加热”(“Handbook ofElectrical Heating for Industry”)(IEEE Press,1995)示出1%碳钢(即含有1%碳重量的钢)的典型曲线。磁导率的损失在温度超过650℃时开始,以及当温度超过730℃时倾向于结束。因此,自限制温度可能稍低于铁磁导体的真实的居里温度。在1%碳钢内电流的表皮深度在室温下为0.132cm,在720℃时增加至0.445cm,由720℃至730℃,表皮深度陡增加至超过2.5cm。因此,使用1%碳钢的一个温度限制加热器实施例在650℃和730℃之间开始自限制。
表皮深度通常限定随时间改变电流进入一个传导材料的一个有效渗透深度。一般说来,电流密度随着沿着一个导体的一个半径由表面至中心的距离按指数减少。电流密度为表面电流密度的约1/e的深度称为表皮深度。对于一个实心圆柱,其直径比渗透深度大许多,或对于一个空心圆筒,其一个壁厚超过渗透深度,表皮深度δ按下式计算:
(1)δ=1981.5*(ρ/(μ*f))1/2
式中δ=以英寸为单位的表皮深度;
ρ=在工作温度的电阻率(ohm-cm);
μ=相对磁导率;以及
f=频率(Hz)。
公式1取自下列文献:由IEEE出版社于1995年出版的由C.James Erickson著的“工业用电加热”(“Handbook of ElectricalHeating for Industry”)(IEEE Press,1995)。对于大多数金属,电阻率(ρ)随着温度增加。相对磁导率通常随着温度和电流改变。补充的公式可以使用于评价根据温度和/或电流磁导率的改变。μ与电流的关系式可以由μ与磁场的关系式求出。
在温度限制加热器内使用的材料可以选择以提供一个希望的调节比。温度限制加热器可选择的调节比为至少2∶1,3∶1,4∶1,5∶1,10∶1,30∶1或50∶1。较大的调节比也可以使用。选择的调节比取决于一系列的因素,包括,但不局限于放置温度限制加热器的地层的类型,和/或在钻井内使用材料的温度限制。在某些实施例中,调节比的增加是借助接合补充的铜或其它良好的电导体至铁磁材料(例如增加铜以降低超过居里温度的电阻)。
温度限制加热器可以提供在低于加热器的居里温度时一个最小的热输出(功率输出)。在某些实施例中,最小的热输出为至少400W/m,600W/m,700W/m,800W/m或更高。温度限制加热器可以当加热器的一段的温度接近或超过居里温度时,借助加热器的该段减少热输出量。减少的热量基本上少于在低于居里温度时的热输出。在某些实施例中,减少的热量最多为400W/m,200W/m,或可以接近100W/m或更少。
在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器基本上是与在一定温度范围内施加在加热器上的热载荷无关地工作。“热载荷”是热量由一个加热系统传输至它的周围的速率。应该理解,热载荷可以随着周围的温度和/或周围的热传导率改变。在一个实施例中,温度限制加热器在温度限制加热器的居里温度处或超过居里温度工作。这样,加热器的工作温度的增加最多达3℃,2℃,1.5℃,1℃或0.5℃,对于接近加热器的一部分的热载荷的减少为1W/m。在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器以一种相对恒定电流的方式工作。
当温度接近居里温度时,温度限制加热器的AC或调制DC电阻和/或热输出可以减少,以及在靠近或超过居里温度时由于居里效应而急剧地减少。在某些实施例中,在超过或靠近居里温度处的电阻或热输出值是低于居里温度一定点处电阻或热输出值的至多一半。在某些实施例中,在超过或靠近居里温度处的热输出是低于居里温度一定点处(例如,低于居里温度30℃,低于居里温度40℃,低于居里温度50℃,或低于居里温度100℃)热输出的至多40%,30%,20%或更少。在某些实施例中,超过或靠近居里温度处的电阻减少至低于居里温度一定点处(例如,低于居里温度30℃,低于居里温度40℃,低于居里温度50℃,低于居里温度100℃)电阻的80%,70%,60%或50%。
在某些实施例中,AC频率被调节以改变铁磁材料的表皮深度。例如,1%碳钢在室温下在60Hz时的表皮深度为0.132cm,在180Hz时为0.0762cm,以及在440Hz时为0.046cm。由于加热器的直径典型地大于表皮深度的两倍,使用一个较高频率(以及因此具有较小直径的一个加热器)降低了设备成本。对于一个固定的几何形状,频率越高,导致一个越高的调节比。在一个较高频率的调节比的计算方法是,一个较低频率时的调节比乘以较高频率的平方根,除以较低的频率。在某些实施例中,使用的一个频率在100Hz和1000Hz之间,在140Hz和200Hz之间,或在400Hz和600Hz之间(例如,180Hz,540Hz或720Hz)。在某些实施例中,可以使用高频率。该频率可以大于1000Hz。
为了保持一个基本上恒定的表皮深度,直到达到温度限制加热器的居里温度,当加热器是冷的时,加热器可以用一个较低频率工作,以及当加热器是热的时,加热器可以用一个较高频率工作。线路频率加热通常是有利的,然而,因为这里较少需要昂贵的部件,比如供电源,变压器,或电流调制器,用它改变频率。线路频率是一般的供电频率。线路频率典型地为60Hz,但是根据供电源也可以是50Hz或其它频率。较高的频率可以使用商业供给的设备产生,比如固态可变频率供电装置。将三相电力转换成具有三倍频率的单相电力的变压器可以商业供给。例如,60Hz的高压三相电可以转换成180Hz的低压单相电。这样的变压器比固态可变频率供电装置更经济和能效高。在某些实施例中,将三相电力转换成单相电力的变压器用于增加供给至一个加热器的电力的频率。
在某些实施例中,调制DC(例如,斩波DC,波形调制DC,或循环DC)可以用于提供电力至温度限制加热器。一个DC调制器或一个DC斩波器可以连接至一个DC电源,以提供一个调制的直流输出。在某些实施例中,DC电源可以包括调制DC的器件。DC调制器的一个实例是一个DC至DC转换系统,DC至DC转换系统在技术中是通常已知的。DC典型地调制或斩波成为一个希望的波形。DC调制用的波形包括,但不局限于方波,正弦波,变形正弦波,变形方波,三角波和其它规则的或不规则的波形。
调制DC波形通常限定调制DC的频率。因此,调制DC波形可以选择以提供一个希望的DC频率。调制DC波形的调制形状和/或速率(比如斩波速率)可以改变,以改变调制DC的频率。DC可以调制为高于通常可得到的AC频率的频率。例如,调制DC可以提供频率至少为1000Hz。增加供电的频率至较高值,有利地增加了温度限制加热器的调节比。
在某些实施例中,调制DC波形调节或改变,以改变调制DC的频率。DC调制器可以在温度限制加热器使用中的任何时间,以及在高电流或高电压时调节或改变调制DC的波形。因此,调制DC提供至一个温度限制加热器不局限于一个单频率,或甚至一小组频率值。使用DC调制器的波形选择典型地允许调制DC频率一个广阔范围,以及用于调制DC频率的希望的控制。因此,调制DC频率更容易设置在一个特定值,而AC频率通常局限于与线路频率相乘。调制DC的不连续控制允许在一个温度限制加热器的整个调节比内更多的选择控制。由于能够选择地控制一个温度限制加热器的一个调节比,允许更宽范围的材料用于设计和构造一个温度限制加热器。
在某些实施例中,温度限制加热器包括位于外导体内的内导体。内导体和外导体围绕一个中心轴径向地设置。内和外导体可以借助一个绝缘层分离。在某些实施例中,内和外导体连接至温度限制加热器的底部。电流可以通过内导体流体进入温度限制加热器,以及通过外导体返回。一个导体或两个导体可以包括铁磁材料。
一个绝缘层可以包含具有高热传导率的陶瓷,比如氧化镁,氧化铝,二氧化硅,氧化铍,氮化硼,氮化硅或它们的组合。绝缘层可以是压实的粉末(例如,压实的陶瓷粉末)。压实可以改进热传导率和提供更好的绝缘电阻。对于低温使用,可以使用例如含氟聚合物、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺和/或聚乙烯制造的聚合物绝缘体。在某些实施例中,聚合物绝缘是用全氟烷氧基(PFA)和聚醚醚酮(PEEKTM)制造的。绝缘层可以选择为基本上红外透明的,以帮助由内导体至外导体的热传输。在一个实施例中,绝缘层为透明的石英砂。绝缘层可以是空气或一种非活性气体,比如氦,氮或六氟化硫。如果绝缘层是空气或非活性气体,这里可以有绝缘间隔件,绝缘间隔件被设计成用以阻止内导体和外导体之间的电接触。绝缘间隔件可以用下列材料制造,例如高纯度氧化铝,或其它热传导电绝缘材料,比如氮化硅。绝缘间隔件可以是一种纤维陶瓷材料,比如NextelTM312,云母带或玻璃纤维。陶瓷材料可以由氧化铝,氧化铝—硅酸盐,氧化铝—硼酸盐,氮化硅或其它材料制造。
绝缘层可以是柔性的和/或基本上容许变形的。例如,如果绝缘层是一种固体或致密的材料,它基本上充填内导体和外导体之间的空隙。温度限制加热器可以是柔性的和/或基本上容许变形的。作用在外导体上的力能够通过绝缘层传送至固体的内导体,该内导体可以阻止压碎。这样一个温度限制加热器可以是弯曲的、折曲的和螺旋形的,而不会引起外导体和内导体彼此电短路。如果在地层的加热时钻井似乎经受显著的变形,变形耐力是重要的。
在如这里所述的某些实施例中,温度限制加热器的尺寸设计为以60Hz AC频率工作。应该理解,温度限制加热器的尺寸可以由这里所述的其它尺寸调节,这些其它尺寸是用于从类似方式在其它AC频率或以调制DC工作的温度限制加热器。图3示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的一个横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体,具有一个铁磁段和一个非铁磁段。图4和5示出图3所示的实施例的转向的横剖面图。在一个实施例中,铁磁段112使用于提供热量至地层内的碳氢化合物层。非铁磁段114使用在地层的上覆岩层内。非铁磁段114提供少量热量或不提供热量至上覆岩层,因此阻止上覆岩层内的热损失,以及改善加热器的效率。铁磁段112包括一种铁磁材料,比如409不锈钢或410不锈钢。409不锈钢容易作为带材供应。铁磁段112具有一个厚度为0.3cm。非铁磁段114是铜,具有一个厚度为0.3cm。内导体116是铜。内导体具有一个直径为0.9cm。电绝缘体118是氮化硅,氮化硼,氧化镁粉末或其它适当的绝缘材料。电绝缘体118具有一个厚度为0.1cm至0.3cm。
图6示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的一个横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体,具有一个铁磁段和一个非铁磁段设置在一个护套内。图7,8和9示出图6内所示的实施例的转向的横剖面图。铁磁段112是410不锈钢,具有一个厚度为0.6cm。非铁磁段114是铜,具有一个厚度为0.6cm。内导体116是铜,具有一个厚度为0.9cm。外导体120包括铁磁材料。外导体120提供一些热量在加热器的上覆岩层段内。在上覆岩层内提供一些热量阻止上覆岩层内的流体的凝固或反流。外导体120是409,410或446不锈钢,具有一个外径为3.0cm和一个厚度为0.6cm。电绝缘体118包括压实的氧化镁粉末,具有一个厚度为0.3cm。在某些实施例中,电绝缘体118包括氮化硅,氮化硼,六边形型的氮化硼。传导段122可以连接内导体116与铁磁段112和/或外导体120。
图10示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的一个横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个外导体。外导体包括一个铁磁段和一个非铁磁段。加热器放置在一个耐腐蚀的包套内。一个传导层放置在外导体和内导体之间。图11和12示出图10所示的实施例的转向的横剖面图。铁磁段112是409,410或446不锈钢,具有一个厚度为0.9cm。非铁磁段114是铜,具有一个厚度为0.9cm。传导层124是铜层。铁磁段112,非铁磁段114和传导段124放置在包套126内。包套126是304或347H不锈钢,具有一个厚度为0.1cm。电绝缘体118包括压实的氮化硅,氮化硼或氧化镁粉末,具有一个厚度为0.1至0.3cm。内导体116是铜,具有一个直径为1.0cm。
在一个实施例中,铁磁段112是446不锈钢,具有一个厚度为0.9cm。包套126是410不锈钢,具有一个厚度为0.6cm。410不锈钢具有一个比446不锈钢高的居里温度。这样一个温度限制加热器可以“包含”电流,从而使电流不容易由加热器流动至周围的地层和/或至任何周围的水(例如,盐水,地下水或构造水)。在本实施例中,电流流动通过铁磁段112,直到达到铁磁材料的居里温度。在铁磁段112的居里温度到达之后,电流流动通过传导层124。包套126(410不锈钢)的铁磁性能阻止电流在包套外面流动,以及“包含”此电流。包套126可以具有一个厚度,以提供强度至温度限制加热器。
图13示出一个温度限制加热器的一个横剖面图。温度限制加热器的加热段包括非铁磁的内导体和一个铁磁的外导体。温度限制加热器的上覆岩层段包括一个非铁磁导体。图14,15和16示出图13所示实施例的转向的横剖面图。内导体116是铜,具有一个直径为1.0cm。电绝缘体118放置在内导体116和传导层124之间。电绝缘体118包括压实的氮化硅或氧化镁粉末,具有一个厚度为0.1cm至0.3cm。传导层124是铜,具有一个厚度为0.1cm。绝缘层128处于传导层124的环形外部。环形的厚度可以是0.3cm。在某些实施例中,绝缘层128是石英砂。
加热段130可以提供热量至地层的一个或多个碳氢化合物层。加热段130包括铁磁材料,比如409不锈钢或410不锈钢。加热段130具有一个厚度为0.9cm。端帽132连接至加热段130的一端。端帽132电连接加热段130至内导体116和/或传导层124。端帽132是304不锈钢。加热段130连接至上覆岩层段134。上覆岩层段134包括碳钢和/或其它适当的支承材料。上覆岩层段134具有一个厚度为0.6cm。上覆岩层段134使用传导层135内衬。传导层135是铜,具有一个厚度为0.3cm。
图17A和图17B示出一个温度限制加热器的一个实施例的一个横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个铁磁内导体。内导体116是1″Schedule XXS 446不锈钢管。在某些实施例中,内导体116包括409不锈钢,410不锈钢,殷钢(Invar)36,合金42-6,或其它铁磁材料。内导体116具有一个直径为2.5cm。电绝缘体118包括压实的氮化硅,氮化硼,氧化镁粉末;或聚合物,Nextel陶瓷纤维,云母,或玻璃纤维化氮化硅,氮化硼,氧化镁(例如,氧化镁粉末),聚合物,Nextel陶瓷纤维,云母,或玻璃纤维。外导体120是铜,或任何非铁磁材料,比如铝。外导体120连接至包套126。包套126是304H,316H或347H不锈钢。在本实施例中,大部分的热量在内导体116内产生。
图18A和图18B示出一个温度限制加热器的横剖面图,该温度限制加热器带有一个铁磁内导体和一个非铁磁芯子。内导体116可以由446不锈钢,409不锈钢,410不锈钢,碳钢,Armco铸锭铁,铁—钴合金或其它铁磁材料制造。芯子136可以紧密地接合在内导体116内。芯子136是铜或其它非铁磁材料。在某些实施例中,芯子136是在一个拉伸操作前以一种紧密配合插入内导体116内部。在某些实施例中,芯子136和内导体116是共轴接合的。外导体120是347H不锈钢。一个拉伸或滚轧操作以压实电绝缘体118(例如压实的氮化硅,氮化硼或氧化镁粉末)可以保证内导体116和芯子136之间的良好的电接触。在本实施例中,热量主要是在内导体116内产生的,直到接近居里温度。随后电阻急剧地减小,因为电流穿透芯子136。
在某些实施例中,一个导体(例如,内导体,外导体或铁磁导体)是一个复合导体,它包括两种或多种不同的材料。在某些实施例中,复合导体包括两种或多种铁磁材料。在某些实施例中,复合铁磁导体包括两种或多种径向沉积的材料。在某些实施例中,复合导体包括一个铁磁导体和一个非铁磁导体。在某些实施例中,复合导体包括一个铁磁导体放置在一个非铁磁芯子上。两种或多种材料可以使用于获得电阻率与低于居里温度的一个温度区内的温度较平坦的关系,和/或处于或靠近居里温度处电阻率急剧的减小(一个较高的调节比)。在某些实施例中,两种或多种材料使用于提供温度限制加热器用的多于一个居里温度。
在某些实施例中,复合电导体用作一个导体在导管内的加热器的导体。例如,复合电导体可以用作图19和20内的导体138。
图19示出一个导体在导管内热源的一个实施例的一个横剖面图。导体138设置在导管140内。导体138是一个电传导材料杆或导管。低电阻段142存在于导体138的两端,以便在这些段产生较少的加热。低电阻段142的形成是借助在此段具有一个较大的导体138的横截面面积,或此段是用较低电阻的材料制造的。在某些实施例中,低电阻段142包括一个低电阻导体,连接至导体138。
导管140是用电传导材料制造的。导管140设置在碳氢化合物层146内的孔144内。孔144具有一个直径能够容纳导管140。
导体138可以借助定中心器148在导管140内定中心。定中心器148使导体138与导管140电绝缘。定中心器148阻止导体138移动和正确定位导体138在导管140内。定中心器148用陶瓷材料或陶瓷与金属材料的一种组合制造。定中心器148阻止导体138在导管140内变形。定中心器148沿着导体138接触或保持间隔范围为约0.1m和约3m之间或更大。
导体138的一个第二低电阻段142可以接合导体138至井头150,如图19内所示。电流可以由供电电缆152通过导体138的低电阻段142施加至导体138。来自导体138的电流通过滑动连接器154流动至导管140。导管140可以与上覆岩层套管156和井头150绝缘,以返回电流至供电电缆152。热量可以在导体138和导管140内产生。产生的热量可以在导管140和孔144内辐射,以加热至少碳氢化合物层146的一部分。
上覆岩层套管156可以设置在上覆岩层158内。上覆岩层套管156在某些实施例中是被各种材料围绕(例如,增强材料和/或混凝土),这些材料阻止上覆岩层158的加热。导体138的低电阻段142可以放置在上覆岩层套管156内。导体138的低电阻段142例如是用碳钢制造的。导体138的低电阻段142可以使用定中心器148在上覆岩层套管156内定中心。定中心器148沿着导体138的低电阻段142保持间隔范围约6m至约12m,例如,约9m。在一个加热源的实施例中,导体138的低电阻段142借助一个或多个焊缝接合至导体138。在另外的加热源的实施例中,低电阻段采用螺纹连接、螺纹连接加焊接或其它方法接合至导体。低电阻段142在上覆岩层套管156内产生极少量的热量和/或不产生热量。衬垫160可以放置在上覆岩层套管156和孔144之间。衬垫160可以使用作为上覆岩层158和碳氢化合物层146的接合处的一个帽罩,以允许充填材料在上覆岩层套管156和孔144之间的环形内。在某些实施例中,衬垫160阻止流体由孔144流动至地面162。
图20示出一个可拆卸的导体在导管热源内的一个实施例的一个横剖面图。导体140放置在通过上覆岩层158的孔144内,从而使一个间隙保留在导管140和上覆岩层套管156之间。流体可以通过导管164由间隙消除。连接至井头150上的包括在导管内的热源的部件和导管140,可以作为一个单独单元从孔144拆卸。热源可以作为一个单独单元拆卸,以便修理、更换和/或在地层的其它部分使用。
在某些实施例中,复合电导体可以使用作为在绝缘导体加热器内的导体。图21A和图21B示出一个绝缘的导体加热器的一个实施例。绝缘导体166包括芯子136和内导体116。芯子136和内导体116位于绝缘体118内部。芯子136,内导体116和绝缘体118位于外导体120内部。绝缘体118是氮化硅,氮化硼,氧化镁或其它适当的电绝缘体。外导体120是铜,钢或任何其它的电导体。
在某些实施例中,绝缘体118是粉末绝缘体。在某些实施例中,绝缘体118是带有一个预制形状的一个绝缘体,比如一个预制的半壳形。具有芯子136和内导体116的一个复合电导体放置在预制的绝缘体内部。外导体120借助接合放置在绝缘体118上,这种接合例如是焊接或钎焊一个或多个纵向的电导体条到一起,以形成外导体。电导体条是以一种“卷烟”法放置在绝缘体118上,以便在横向或径向上接合这些电导体条(这就是放置单独的电导体条围绕绝缘体的周边以及接合这些单独的电导体条围绕绝缘体)。卷烟条的纵向末端可以与其它的卷烟条的纵向末端接合,以便沿着绝缘导体纵向地接合这些电导体条。
在某些实施例中,定中心器(比如图19和20内所示的定中心器148)是用氮化硅制造的。在某些实施例中,氮化硅是气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅。气体压力绕结反应接合的氮化硅的制造方法是在1800℃在一个10.3MPa的氮气氛内烧结氮化硅。一个气体压力烧结反应接合氮化硅的实例是由下列公司获得的:Ceradyne,Inc.(CostaMesa,California,U.S.A.),其名称为Ceralloy147-31N。
气体烧结反应接合的氮化硅可以研磨至细粒度。细粒度(它给出氮化硅一个非常低的表面松孔度)允许氮化硅沿着金属表面容易地滑动,而不会由金属表面拾取金属颗粒。气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅是一种非常致密的材料,具有高的拉伸强度,高的抗弯力学强度和高的热冲击应力特性。气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅是一种优秀的高温电绝缘体。气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅在900℃具有与在760℃氧化铝(Al2O3)大致相同的泄漏电流。气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅具有一个热传导率为25W/m·K。较高的热传导率促进一个导体在导管内加热器的中心导体的热量的向外传输。
其它类型的氮化硅,例如,但不局限于反应接合的氮化硅或热等静压的氮化硅也可以使用。热等静压包括在100-200MPa在氮气内烧结颗粒的氮化硅和添加剂。某些氮化硅是借助烧结氮化硅与氧化钇或氮化铈,以降低烧结温度,这样使在烧结时氮化硅不会降级(例如释放氮)。然而,添加其它材料至氮化硅与单纯形式的氮化硅比较,可能增加在高温下氮化硅的泄漏电流。
图22示出一个导体在导管内温度限制加热器的一个实施例。导体138接合至铁磁导体168(例如,包层,共挤压,压力配合,内部拉伸)。在某些实施例中,铁磁导体168是共挤压在导体138上。铁磁导体168接合至导体138的外部,从而使在室温下电流的扩展仅通过铁磁导体的表皮深度。铁磁导体168提供在高温下对于导体138的支承。铁磁导体168例如是铁,铁合金,或任何其它铁磁材料。在一个实施例中,导体138是铜,以及铁磁导体168是446不锈钢。
导体138和铁磁导体168使用滑动连接器154电接合至导管140。导管140是一个非铁磁材料,例如,但不局限于347H不锈钢。在一个实施例中,导管140是一个1-1/2″Schedule 80 347H不锈钢管。在另一个实施例中,导管140是一个Schedule XXH 347H不锈钢管。一个或多个定中心器148保持导管140和铁磁导体168之间的空隙。在一个实施例中,定中心器148是用气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅制造的。定中心器148可以借助位于铁磁导体上的一个或多个焊接片保持在铁磁导体168上的位置。
一个温度限制加热器可以构造成数段,它们接合(焊接)到一起。这些段可以是10m长或更长。每段用的构造材料经过选择以提供对于地层的不同部分的一个选择的热输出。例如,一个油页岩地层可能含有带有高可采富度的各层。提供选择量的热量至带有类似富度的单独层或多数层改进地层的加热效率和/或阻止钻井的塌陷。一个拼接段可以形成在各段之间,例如,借助焊接内导体,用一个绝缘体充填拼接段,以及随后焊接外导体。代替地,加热器由较大直径的管子形成,以及拉伸至一个希望的长度和直径。一个氮化硼,氮化硅,氧化镁或其它类型的绝缘层可以借助一种焊接—充填拉伸法增加(由金属带开始)或一种充填—拉伸法增加(由管子开始),这些方法在矿业绝缘加热器电缆制造工业中是已知的。组装和充填可以在一个垂直或一个水平取向时进行。最终的加热器组件可以缠绕在一个大直径的转轴上(例如,直径1m,2m,3m或更大)以及运输至地层的一个位置,用于地下开采。代替地,当加热器是垂直地下降进入钻井,加热器可以就地组装各段。
一个温度限制加热器可以是一个单相加热器或一个三相加热器。在一个三相加热器的实施例中,一个加热器具有一个三角形状或Y字形状。在一个三相加热器的三个铁磁导体中的每一个可以处在一个单独的护套内。导体之间的连接可以设置在一个拼接段内部加热器的底部。三个导体可以保持在拼接段内部与护套绝缘。
图23示出一个三相温度限制加热器的一个实施例,该加热器带有铁磁内导体。每个脚柱170具有内导体116,芯子136和包套126。内导体116是铁素体不锈钢或1%碳钢。内导体116具有芯子136。芯子136可以是铜。每个内导体116连接至它们自己的包套126。包套126是用耐腐蚀材料(比如304H不锈钢)制成的一个护套。由绝缘体118放置在内导体116和包套126之间。内导体116是铁素体不锈钢或碳钢,具有一个外径为1.14cm和一个厚度为0.445cm。芯子136是一个铜芯子,具有一个直径为0.25cm。加热器的每个脚柱170连接至终端块172。终端块172使用绝缘材料174充填,以及具有一个不锈钢外表面。绝缘材料174在某些实施例中为氮化硅,氮化硼,氧化镁,或其它适当的电绝缘材料。脚柱170的内导体116连接(焊接)在终端块172内。脚柱170的包套126连接(焊接)至终端块172的一个外表面。终端块172可以包括两个半体,围绕脚柱170的连接部分连接到一起。
在某些三相加热器的实施例中,三个铁磁导体被在一个公共的外金属护套内的一个绝缘层隔离。三个导体可以与护套绝缘,或三个导体可以连接至加热器组件的底部处的护套。在另一个实施例中,一个单独的外护套或三个外护套是铁磁导体,以及内导体可以是非铁磁的(例如,铝,铜或高传导合金)。代替地,三个非铁磁导体中的每一个位于单独的铁磁护套内,以及导体之间的一个连接设置在一个拼接段内部加热器的底部。三个导体可以保持在拼接段内部与护套绝缘。
图24示出一个三相温度限制加热器的一个实施例,该加热器带有铁磁内导体在一个公共的包套内。内导体116围绕芯子136。内导体116放置在电绝缘体118内。内导体116和电绝缘体118放置在一个单独的包套126内。包套126是用耐腐蚀材料,比如不锈钢制造的。包套126具有一个外径在2.5cm和5cm之间(例如3.1cm,3.5cm或3.8cm)。内导体116连接至或靠近终端176的底部。终端176是内导体116的焊接终端。内导体116可以连接成一个Y字形状。
实例:
温度限制加热器以及温度限制加热器的性能的非限制性实例如以下所示。
图25示出泄漏电流(mA)(毫安)与选择温度下氧化铝和氮化硅定中心器的电压(V)的关系曲线。泄漏电流是在一个导体和一个0.91m的导体在带有两个定中心器的导管段内一个导管之间测量的。导体在导管内是水平地放置在一个炉子内。曲线178描绘在温度为760℃时氧化铝定中心器的数据。曲线180描绘在温度为815℃时氧化铝定中心器的数据。曲线182描绘在温度为760℃时气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅定中心器的数据。曲线184描绘在温度为871℃时气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅定中心器的数据。图25示出氧化铝的泄漏电流由760℃至815℃显著地增加,而气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅的泄漏电流由760℃至871℃保持较低。
图26示出泄漏电流(mA)与两个不同类型的氮化硅的温度关系曲线。曲线186描绘泄漏电流与高度抛光的气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅的温度关系。曲线188描绘泄漏电流与掺杂的致密的氮化硅的温度关系。图26示出气体压力烧结反应接合的氮化硅与掺杂的氮化硅比较改进的泄漏电流与温度关系特性。
使用氮化硅定中心器允许使用较小的直径和较高温度的加热器。在一个导体和一个导管之间需要一个较小的间隙,这是因为氮化硅的优良的电特性。氮化硅定中心器可以允许较高的工作电压(例如,至少至1500V,2000V,2500V或15kV)使用于加热器,这是由于氮化硅的电特性。在较高的电压工作允许使用较长长度的加热器(例如,长度至少至500m,1000m或1500m,电压在2500V)。在某些实施例中,氮化硼使用作为定中心器或其它电绝缘体用的材料。氮化硼是一种较好的热导体,以及具有比氮化硅更好的电性能。氮化硼不容易吸收水(氮化硼基本上是不吸水的)。氮化硼可以至少是一种六边形状和一种面心立方形状。氮化硼的六边结晶构造具有某些希望的性能,包括,但不局限于高热传导率和低摩擦系数。
考虑本说明书,对于本领域技术人员,本发明的不同方面的进一步改变和代替的实施例是明显的。因此,本说明构造为仅用于说明和对本领域技术人员教学目的,使之了解实施本发明的一般方式。应该理解,这是所示和说明的本发明的形式是采用作为优选的实施例。元件和材料可以代替这里所示和所述的,部件和过程可以倒置,以及本发明的某些特点可以自由地使用。在了解本发明说明的优点之后,对于本领域技术人员全部将会明显。在不脱离以下权利要求书所述的本发明的精神和范围条件下,对这里所述的元件可以做出改变。此外,应该理解,这里单独说明的特点可以在某些实施例中组合。

Claims (15)

CN2005800127270A2004-04-232005-04-22使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器Expired - Fee RelatedCN1954131B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application NumberPriority DateFiling DateTitle
US56507704P2004-04-232004-04-23
US60/565,0772004-04-23
PCT/US2005/013894WO2005103445A1 (en)2004-04-232005-04-22Subsurface electrical heaters using nitride insulation

Publications (2)

Publication NumberPublication Date
CN1954131Atrue CN1954131A (zh)2007-04-25
CN1954131B CN1954131B (zh)2012-02-08

Family

ID=34966494

Family Applications (7)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
CN200580012729XAExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946917B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于处理地下岩层的方法
CN2005800127285AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946919B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22降低油的粘度以进行从包含碳氢化合物的地层的生产
CN2005800166097AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1957158B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的温度受限加热器
CN2005800166082AExpired - Fee RelatedCN101107420B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的温度受限加热器
CNA2005800165959APendingCN1985068A (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的具有导热流体的温度受限加热器
CN2005800127270AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1954131B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器
CN2005800127266AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946918B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22井筒中的崩落的禁止效应

Family Applications Before (5)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
CN200580012729XAExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946917B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于处理地下岩层的方法
CN2005800127285AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946919B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22降低油的粘度以进行从包含碳氢化合物的地层的生产
CN2005800166097AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1957158B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的温度受限加热器
CN2005800166082AExpired - Fee RelatedCN101107420B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的温度受限加热器
CNA2005800165959APendingCN1985068A (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22用于对地下地层进行加热的具有导热流体的温度受限加热器

Family Applications After (1)

Application NumberTitlePriority DateFiling Date
CN2005800127266AExpired - Fee RelatedCN1946918B (zh)2004-04-232005-04-22井筒中的崩落的禁止效应

Country Status (14)

CountryLink
US (14)US7370704B2 (zh)
EP (7)EP1738054B1 (zh)
JP (2)JP4806398B2 (zh)
CN (7)CN1946917B (zh)
AT (6)ATE392534T1 (zh)
AU (7)AU2005238948B2 (zh)
CA (7)CA2579496A1 (zh)
DE (6)DE602005006116T2 (zh)
EA (2)EA010678B1 (zh)
IL (2)IL178468A (zh)
MX (2)MXPA06011960A (zh)
NZ (7)NZ550443A (zh)
WO (7)WO2005106191A1 (zh)
ZA (6)ZA200608169B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
CN110344797A (zh)*2019-07-102019-10-18西南石油大学一种井下高温可控的电加热装置和方法
CN118499602A (zh)*2024-07-162024-08-16无锡市环球电器装备有限公司一种集肤陶瓷热管

Families Citing this family (214)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
AU5836701A (en)2000-04-242001-11-07Shell Int ResearchIn situ recovery of hydrocarbons from a kerogen-containing formation
US6929067B2 (en)2001-04-242005-08-16Shell Oil CompanyHeat sources with conductive material for in situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation
US6711947B2 (en)2001-06-132004-03-30Rem Scientific Enterprises, Inc.Conductive fluid logging sensor and method
AU2002360301B2 (en)2001-10-242007-11-29Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.In situ thermal processing and upgrading of produced hydrocarbons
AU2003285008B2 (en)2002-10-242007-12-13Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation
WO2004097159A2 (en)2003-04-242004-11-11Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Thermal processes for subsurface formations
US8296968B2 (en)*2003-06-132012-10-30Charles HensleySurface drying apparatus and method
US20080087420A1 (en)*2006-10-132008-04-17Kaminsky Robert DOptimized well spacing for in situ shale oil development
WO2005010320A1 (en)*2003-06-242005-02-03Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
US7631691B2 (en)*2003-06-242009-12-15Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
GB2422199B (en)2003-10-012008-10-15Rem Scient Entpr IncApparatus and method for fluid flow measurement with sensor shielding
WO2005045192A1 (en)*2003-11-032005-05-19Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyHydrocarbon recovery from impermeable oil shales
US7501046B1 (en)*2003-12-032009-03-10The United States Of American, As Represented By The Secretary Of The InteriorSolar distillation loop evaporation sleeve
US7363983B2 (en)*2004-04-142008-04-29Baker Hughes IncorporatedESP/gas lift back-up
ATE392534T1 (de)*2004-04-232008-05-15Shell Int ResearchVerhinderung von rücklauf in einer beheizten senkung eines in-situ-umwandlungssystems
US7210526B2 (en)*2004-08-172007-05-01Charles Saron KnoblochSolid state pump
WO2006023743A2 (en)*2004-08-202006-03-02The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New YorkLaminar scrubber apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide from air and methods of use
DE102005000782A1 (de)*2005-01-052006-07-20Voith Paper Patent GmbhTrockenzylinder
CN101128248A (zh)*2005-02-022008-02-20环球研究技术有限公司二氧化碳的从空气中的去除
US7750146B2 (en)2005-03-182010-07-06Tate & Lyle PlcGranular sucralose
DE602006013437D1 (de)2005-04-222010-05-20Shell Int ResearchEinen nicht ferromagnetischen leiter verwendende temperaturbegrenzte heizvorrichtung
US7500528B2 (en)2005-04-222009-03-10Shell Oil CompanyLow temperature barrier wellbores formed using water flushing
CA2650985A1 (en)*2005-05-022006-11-09Charles Saron KnoblochAcoustic and magnetostrictive actuation
US9266051B2 (en)2005-07-282016-02-23Carbon Sink, Inc.Removal of carbon dioxide from air
JP2009502483A (ja)2005-07-282009-01-29グローバル リサーチ テクノロジーズ,エルエルシー空気からの二酸化炭素除去
KR101434259B1 (ko)2005-10-242014-08-27쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이.탄화수소 함유 지층을 처리하기 위한 병합 발생 시스템 및방법
US7921913B2 (en)*2005-11-012011-04-12Baker Hughes IncorporatedVacuum insulated dewar flask
WO2007061932A1 (en)*2005-11-212007-05-31Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Method for monitoring fluid properties
US7556097B2 (en)*2006-01-112009-07-07Besst, Inc.Docking receiver of a zone isolation assembly for a subsurface well
US7665534B2 (en)*2006-01-112010-02-23Besst, Inc.Zone isolation assembly for isolating and testing fluid samples from a subsurface well
US8636478B2 (en)*2006-01-112014-01-28Besst, Inc.Sensor assembly for determining fluid properties in a subsurface well
US7631696B2 (en)*2006-01-112009-12-15Besst, Inc.Zone isolation assembly array for isolating a plurality of fluid zones in a subsurface well
US8210256B2 (en)*2006-01-192012-07-03Pyrophase, Inc.Radio frequency technology heater for unconventional resources
US8151879B2 (en)*2006-02-032012-04-10Besst, Inc.Zone isolation assembly and method for isolating a fluid zone in an existing subsurface well
US7484561B2 (en)*2006-02-212009-02-03Pyrophase, Inc.Electro thermal in situ energy storage for intermittent energy sources to recover fuel from hydro carbonaceous earth formations
EP1998871A4 (en)2006-03-082010-07-21Global Res Technologies Llc AIR COLLECTOR WITH MEMBRANE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF IONS FOR THE RECORDING OF THE AMBIENT CARBON DIOXIDE
US7644993B2 (en)2006-04-212010-01-12Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyIn situ co-development of oil shale with mineral recovery
EP2010755A4 (en)2006-04-212016-02-24Shell Int Research TIME-SEQUENCED WARMING OF MULTIPLE LAYERS IN A CARBON DIOXIDE
CN104826450B (zh)2006-10-022021-08-27碳汇公司从空气中提取co2的方法和装置
US7832482B2 (en)*2006-10-102010-11-16Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Producing resources using steam injection
CA2858464A1 (en)2006-10-132008-04-24Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyImproved method of developing a subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
BRPI0719858A2 (pt)*2006-10-132015-05-26Exxonmobil Upstream Res CoFluido de hidrocarbonetos, e, método para produzir fluidos de hidrocarbonetos.
CN101563524B (zh)2006-10-132013-02-27埃克森美孚上游研究公司原位加热开发油页岩与开发更深的烃源结合
CN101558216B (zh)*2006-10-132013-08-07埃克森美孚上游研究公司使用水力压裂生产井、通过原位加热增强页岩油生产
GB2461362A (en)*2006-10-202010-01-06Shell Int ResearchSystems and processes for use in treating subsurface formations
CA2781625C (en)2006-11-102015-09-29Rem Scientific Enterprises, Inc.Rotating fluid measurement device and method
US7389821B2 (en)*2006-11-142008-06-24Baker Hughes IncorporatedDownhole trigger device having extrudable time delay material
BRPI0808508A2 (pt)2007-03-222014-08-19Exxonmobil Upstream Res CoMétodos para aquecer uma formação de subsuperfície e uma formação rochosa rica em compostos orgânicos, e, método para produzir um fluido de hidrocarboneto
CA2675780C (en)2007-03-222015-05-26Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyGranular electrical connections for in situ formation heating
WO2008131132A1 (en)2007-04-172008-10-30Global Research Technologies, LlcCapture of carbon dioxide (co2) from air
CN101688442B (zh)*2007-04-202014-07-09国际壳牌研究有限公司作为加热地下地层的传热流体的熔融盐
US8122955B2 (en)2007-05-152012-02-28Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyDownhole burners for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
AU2008253749B2 (en)2007-05-152014-03-20Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyDownhole burner wells for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
CA2686830C (en)*2007-05-252015-09-08Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyA process for producing hydrocarbon fluids combining in situ heating, a power plant and a gas plant
US8146664B2 (en)2007-05-252012-04-03Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyUtilization of low BTU gas generated during in situ heating of organic-rich rock
RU2496067C2 (ru)2007-10-192013-10-20Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В.Криогенная обработка газа
MX2010004398A (es)2007-11-052010-05-20Global Res Technologies LlcRemocion de dioxido de carbono del aire.
EP2212008A1 (en)2007-11-202010-08-04Global Research Technologies, LLCAir collector with functionalized ion exchange membrane for capturing ambient co2
US8082995B2 (en)2007-12-102011-12-27Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyOptimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
MX2010006453A (es)*2007-12-142010-10-05Schlumberger Technology BvComposiciones fluidas de fracturamiento que comprenden particulas epoxicas solidas y metodos de uso.
US8393410B2 (en)*2007-12-202013-03-12Massachusetts Institute Of TechnologyMillimeter-wave drilling system
US8413726B2 (en)*2008-02-042013-04-09Marathon Oil CompanyApparatus, assembly and process for injecting fluid into a subterranean well
CA2715874C (en)2008-02-192019-06-25Global Research Technologies, LlcExtraction and sequestration of carbon dioxide
EP2255415B1 (en)*2008-03-102016-12-28Quick Connectors, Inc.Heater cable to pump cable connector and method of installation
CA2716145C (en)*2008-03-122016-05-17Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Monitoring system for well casing
US20090260823A1 (en)2008-04-182009-10-22Robert George Prince-WrightMines and tunnels for use in treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
CN102037211B (zh)2008-05-232014-12-17埃克森美孚上游研究公司基本恒定组成气体生产的油田管理
US8999279B2 (en)2008-06-042015-04-07Carbon Sink, Inc.Laminar flow air collector with solid sorbent materials for capturing ambient CO2
US8704523B2 (en)*2008-06-052014-04-22Schlumberger Technology CorporationMeasuring casing attenuation coefficient for electro-magnetics measurements
JP2010038356A (ja)2008-07-102010-02-18Ntn Corp機械部品およびその製造方法
US20100046934A1 (en)*2008-08-192010-02-25Johnson Gregg CHigh thermal transfer spiral flow heat exchanger
US8973434B2 (en)*2008-08-272015-03-10Shell Oil CompanyMonitoring system for well casing
US9561066B2 (en)2008-10-062017-02-07Virender K. SharmaMethod and apparatus for tissue ablation
US10695126B2 (en)2008-10-062020-06-30Santa Anna Tech LlcCatheter with a double balloon structure to generate and apply a heated ablative zone to tissue
US9561068B2 (en)2008-10-062017-02-07Virender K. SharmaMethod and apparatus for tissue ablation
US10064697B2 (en)2008-10-062018-09-04Santa Anna Tech LlcVapor based ablation system for treating various indications
US9700365B2 (en)*2008-10-062017-07-11Santa Anna Tech LlcMethod and apparatus for the ablation of gastrointestinal tissue
EP2361343A1 (en)2008-10-132011-08-31Shell Oil CompanyUsing self-regulating nuclear reactors in treating a subsurface formation
US8400159B2 (en)*2008-10-212013-03-19Schlumberger Technology CorporationCasing correction in non-magnetic casing by the measurement of the impedance of a transmitter or receiver
BRPI0919650A2 (pt)*2008-10-292015-12-08Exxonmobil Upstream Res Cométodo e sistema para aquecer uma formação de subsuperfície
US7934549B2 (en)2008-11-032011-05-03Laricina Energy Ltd.Passive heating assisted recovery methods
US8456166B2 (en)*2008-12-022013-06-04Schlumberger Technology CorporationSingle-well through casing induction logging tool
RU2382197C1 (ru)*2008-12-122010-02-20Шлюмберже Текнолоджи Б.В.Скважинная телеметрическая система
CA2748959C (en)2009-01-072014-03-11M-I Drilling Fluids Canada, Inc.Sand decanter
US8181049B2 (en)2009-01-162012-05-15Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.Method for controlling a frequency of a clock signal to control power consumption and a device having power consumption capabilities
US9115579B2 (en)*2010-01-142015-08-25R.I.I. North America IncApparatus and method for downhole steam generation and enhanced oil recovery
US8616279B2 (en)2009-02-232013-12-31Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyWater treatment following shale oil production by in situ heating
FR2942866B1 (fr)*2009-03-062012-03-23Mer Joseph LePorte a bruleur integre pour appareil de chauffage
CN102379154A (zh)*2009-04-022012-03-14泰科热控有限责任公司矿物绝缘型趋肤效应加热电缆
WO2010118315A1 (en)2009-04-102010-10-14Shell Oil CompanyTreatment methodologies for subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
BRPI1015966A2 (pt)*2009-05-052016-05-31Exxonmobil Upstream Company"método para tratar uma formação subterrânea, e, meio de armazenamento legível por computador."
US20110008030A1 (en)*2009-07-082011-01-13Shimin LuoNon-metal electric heating system and method, and tankless water heater using the same
US8776609B2 (en)*2009-08-052014-07-15Shell Oil CompanyUse of fiber optics to monitor cement quality
GB2484053B (en)2009-08-052013-05-08Shell Int Researchmethod for monitoring a well
GB2486121B (en)*2009-10-012014-08-13Halliburton Energy Serv IncApparatus and methods of locating downhole anomalies
US9466896B2 (en)2009-10-092016-10-11Shell Oil CompanyParallelogram coupling joint for coupling insulated conductors
JP5938347B2 (ja)*2009-10-092016-06-22シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー絶縁導体の接合のための圧入接続ジョイント
US8257112B2 (en)2009-10-092012-09-04Shell Oil CompanyPress-fit coupling joint for joining insulated conductors
US8356935B2 (en)2009-10-092013-01-22Shell Oil CompanyMethods for assessing a temperature in a subsurface formation
US9732605B2 (en)*2009-12-232017-08-15Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Downhole well tool and cooler therefor
US8863839B2 (en)2009-12-172014-10-21Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyEnhanced convection for in situ pyrolysis of organic-rich rock formations
DE102010008779B4 (de)2010-02-222012-10-04Siemens AktiengesellschaftVorrichtung und Verfahren zur Gewinnung, insbesondere In-Situ-Gewinnung, einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Substanz aus einer unterirdischen Lagerstätte
CA2792275A1 (en)*2010-04-092011-10-13Thomas David FowlerLow temperature inductive heating of subsurface formations
US8820406B2 (en)2010-04-092014-09-02Shell Oil CompanyElectrodes for electrical current flow heating of subsurface formations with conductive material in wellbore
US9033042B2 (en)2010-04-092015-05-19Shell Oil CompanyForming bitumen barriers in subsurface hydrocarbon formations
US8631866B2 (en)2010-04-092014-01-21Shell Oil CompanyLeak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations
EP2556721A4 (en)*2010-04-092014-07-02Shell Oil Co INSULATION BLOCKS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING THEM IN INSULATED LADDER HEATERS
US8967259B2 (en)2010-04-092015-03-03Shell Oil CompanyHelical winding of insulated conductor heaters for installation
US8701768B2 (en)2010-04-092014-04-22Shell Oil CompanyMethods for treating hydrocarbon formations
US8939207B2 (en)2010-04-092015-01-27Shell Oil CompanyInsulated conductor heaters with semiconductor layers
US8430174B2 (en)2010-09-102013-04-30Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Anhydrous boron-based timed delay plugs
US8434556B2 (en)2010-04-162013-05-07Schlumberger Technology CorporationApparatus and methods for removing mercury from formation effluents
WO2011143239A1 (en)*2010-05-102011-11-17The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaTube-in-tube device useful for subsurface fluid sampling and operating other wellbore devices
CN103069105A (zh)2010-08-302013-04-24埃克森美孚上游研究公司用于原位热解油生产的烯烃降低
CA2806173C (en)2010-08-302017-01-31Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyWellbore mechanical integrity for in situ pyrolysis
CN101942988A (zh)*2010-09-062011-01-12北京天形精钻科技开发有限公司钻井井下测试仪单向冷却装置
US8586866B2 (en)2010-10-082013-11-19Shell Oil CompanyHydroformed splice for insulated conductors
US8943686B2 (en)2010-10-082015-02-03Shell Oil CompanyCompaction of electrical insulation for joining insulated conductors
US8857051B2 (en)2010-10-082014-10-14Shell Oil CompanySystem and method for coupling lead-in conductor to insulated conductor
US20120103604A1 (en)*2010-10-292012-05-03General Electric CompanySubsurface heating device
US8833443B2 (en)2010-11-222014-09-16Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Retrievable swellable packer
RU2451158C1 (ru)*2010-11-222012-05-20Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)"Устройство тепловой обработки призабойной зоны скважин - электропарогенератор
RU2439863C1 (ru)*2010-12-132012-01-10Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Мурманский государственный технический университет" (ФГОУВПО "МГТУ")Устройство разогрева вязких диэлектрических продуктов при их транспортировке трубопроводами
US9033033B2 (en)2010-12-212015-05-19Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Electrokinetic enhanced hydrocarbon recovery from oil shale
US9133398B2 (en)2010-12-222015-09-15Chevron U.S.A. Inc.In-situ kerogen conversion and recycling
WO2012091816A2 (en)*2010-12-282012-07-05Hansen Energy Services LlcLiquid lift pumps for gas wells
RU2471064C2 (ru)*2011-03-212012-12-27Владимир Васильевич КунеевскийСпособ теплового воздействия на пласт
JP5765994B2 (ja)*2011-03-312015-08-19ホシザキ電機株式会社蒸気発生装置
CA2832295C (en)2011-04-082019-05-21Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Systems for joining insulated conductors
US9016370B2 (en)2011-04-082015-04-28Shell Oil CompanyPartial solution mining of hydrocarbon containing layers prior to in situ heat treatment
JO3139B1 (ar)2011-10-072017-09-20Shell Int Researchتشكيل موصلات معزولة باستخدام خطوة اختزال أخيرة بعد المعالجة الحرارية.
JO3141B1 (ar)2011-10-072017-09-20Shell Int Researchالوصلات المتكاملة للموصلات المعزولة
CA2850741A1 (en)2011-10-072013-04-11Manuel Alberto GONZALEZThermal expansion accommodation for circulated fluid systems used to heat subsurface formations
CN104011327B (zh)2011-10-072016-12-14国际壳牌研究有限公司利用地下地层中的绝缘导线的介电性能来确定绝缘导线的性能
EP2771826A4 (en)*2011-10-262016-07-20Landmark Graphics Corp METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR MODELING A CARBON HYDROGEN FLOW OF CEROGENS IN A CARBONATED FORMATION
AU2012332851B2 (en)2011-11-042016-07-21Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMultiple electrical connections to optimize heating for in situ pyrolysis
US9181467B2 (en)2011-12-222015-11-10Uchicago Argonne, LlcPreparation and use of nano-catalysts for in-situ reaction with kerogen
US8701788B2 (en)2011-12-222014-04-22Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Preconditioning a subsurface shale formation by removing extractible organics
US8851177B2 (en)2011-12-222014-10-07Chevron U.S.A. Inc.In-situ kerogen conversion and oxidant regeneration
US8215164B1 (en)*2012-01-022012-07-10HydroConfidence Inc.Systems and methods for monitoring groundwater, rock, and casing for production flow and leakage of hydrocarbon fluids
US10047594B2 (en)2012-01-232018-08-14Genie Ip B.V.Heater pattern for in situ thermal processing of a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation
AU2012367826A1 (en)2012-01-232014-08-28Genie Ip B.V.Heater pattern for in situ thermal processing of a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation
CA2811666C (en)2012-04-052021-06-29Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Compaction of electrical insulation for joining insulated conductors
AU2012377414B2 (en)2012-04-182015-10-29Landmark Graphics CorporationMethods and systems of modeling hydrocarbon flow from layered shale formations
CN102680647B (zh)*2012-04-202015-07-22天地科技股份有限公司煤岩体注浆加固试验台及试验方法
AU2013256823B2 (en)2012-05-042015-09-03Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanySystems and methods of detecting an intersection between a wellbore and a subterranean structure that includes a marker material
US9068411B2 (en)2012-05-252015-06-30Baker Hughes IncorporatedThermal release mechanism for downhole tools
US8992771B2 (en)2012-05-252015-03-31Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Isolating lubricating oils from subsurface shale formations
US9845668B2 (en)2012-06-142017-12-19Conocophillips CompanySide-well injection and gravity thermal recovery processes
CA2780670C (en)*2012-06-222017-10-31Imperial Oil Resources LimitedImproving recovery from a subsurface hydrocarbon reservoir
US9212330B2 (en)2012-10-312015-12-15Baker Hughes IncorporatedProcess for reducing the viscosity of heavy residual crude oil during refining
DE102012220237A1 (de)*2012-11-072014-05-08Siemens AktiengesellschaftGeschirmte Multipaaranordnung als Zuleitung zu einer induktiven Heizschleife in Schweröllagerstättenanwendungen
EP3964151A3 (en)2013-01-172022-03-30Virender K. SharmaApparatus for tissue ablation
US9527153B2 (en)2013-03-142016-12-27Lincoln Global, Inc.Camera and wire feed solution for orbital welder system
CA2847980C (en)2013-04-042021-03-30Christopher Kelvin HarrisTemperature assessment using dielectric properties of an insulated conductor heater with selected electrical insulation
US20140318946A1 (en)*2013-04-292014-10-30Save The World Air, Inc.Apparatus and Method for Reducing Viscosity
AU2013392614B2 (en)*2013-06-202016-06-16Halliburton Energy Services Inc.Device and method for temperature detection and measurement using integrated computational elements
US9422798B2 (en)2013-07-032016-08-23Harris CorporationHydrocarbon resource heating apparatus including ferromagnetic transmission line and related methods
WO2015060919A1 (en)2013-10-222015-04-30Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanySystems and methods for regulating an in situ pyrolysis process
GB2519521A (en)*2013-10-222015-04-29Statoil Petroleum AsProducing hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions
US9394772B2 (en)2013-11-072016-07-19Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanySystems and methods for in situ resistive heating of organic matter in a subterranean formation
US9770775B2 (en)2013-11-112017-09-26Lincoln Global, Inc.Orbital welding torch systems and methods with lead/lag angle stop
US20150129557A1 (en)*2013-11-122015-05-14Lincoln Global, Inc.Orbital welder with fluid cooled housing
US9517524B2 (en)2013-11-122016-12-13Lincoln Global, Inc.Welding wire spool support
US9731385B2 (en)2013-11-122017-08-15Lincoln Global, Inc.Orbital welder with wire height adjustment assembly
US9399907B2 (en)2013-11-202016-07-26Shell Oil CompanySteam-injecting mineral insulated heater design
WO2015176172A1 (en)2014-02-182015-11-26Athabasca Oil CorporationCable-based well heater
US9601237B2 (en)*2014-03-032017-03-21Baker Hughes IncorporatedTransmission line for wired pipe, and method
CA2942717C (en)*2014-04-042022-06-21Dhruv AroraInsulated conductors formed using a final reduction step after heat treating
CN104185327B (zh)*2014-08-262016-02-03吉林大学医疗针头销毁装置及方法
DE102014112225B4 (de)*2014-08-262016-07-07Federal-Mogul Ignition GmbhZündkerze mit Entstörelement
CN105469980A (zh)*2014-09-262016-04-06西门子公司电容器模块、电路布置及运行方法
WO2016081104A1 (en)2014-11-212016-05-26Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethod of recovering hydrocarbons within a subsurface formation
WO2016085869A1 (en)2014-11-252016-06-02Shell Oil CompanyPyrolysis to pressurise oil formations
RU2589553C1 (ru)*2015-03-122016-07-10Михаил Леонидович СтрупинскийНагревательный кабель на основе скин-эффекта, нагревательное устройство и способ нагрева
CN104832147A (zh)*2015-03-162015-08-12浙江理工大学一种油藏采收器
CN104818973A (zh)*2015-03-162015-08-05浙江理工大学一种高粘油藏采收器
US9745839B2 (en)*2015-10-292017-08-29George W. NiemannSystem and methods for increasing the permeability of geological formations
US11255244B2 (en)2016-03-022022-02-22Watlow Electric Manufacturing CompanyVirtual sensing system
EP3423689A1 (en)2016-03-022019-01-09Watlow Electric Manufacturing CompanyVirtual sensing system
WO2017156314A1 (en)*2016-03-092017-09-14Geothermal Design Center Inc.Advanced ground thermal conductivity testing
US12364537B2 (en)2016-05-022025-07-22Santa Anna Tech LlcCatheter with a double balloon structure to generate and apply a heated ablative zone to tissue
US11331140B2 (en)2016-05-192022-05-17Aqua Heart, Inc.Heated vapor ablation systems and methods for treating cardiac conditions
US11125945B2 (en)*2016-08-302021-09-21Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationOptical fiber thermal property probe
CN108073736B (zh)*2016-11-142021-06-29沈阳鼓风机集团核电泵业有限公司核主泵隔热装置简化等效分析方法
CN106761720B (zh)*2016-11-232019-08-30西南石油大学一种空气钻水平井环空携岩模拟装置
CA3006364A1 (en)2017-05-292018-11-29McMillan-McGee CorpElectromagnetic induction heater
CN107060717B (zh)*2017-06-142023-02-07长春工程学院一种油页岩地下原位劈裂裂解施工装置及施工工艺
CN107448176B (zh)*2017-09-132023-02-28西南石油大学一种海底浅层非成岩天然气水合物机械射流联合开采方法及装置
US10675664B2 (en)2018-01-192020-06-09Trs Group, Inc.PFAS remediation method and system
US10201042B1 (en)*2018-01-192019-02-05Trs Group, Inc.Flexible helical heater
WO2019161114A1 (en)2018-02-162019-08-22Carbon Sink, Inc.Fluidized bed extractors for capture of co2 from ambient air
EP3801324B1 (en)2018-06-012025-05-28Aqua Medical, Inc.Vapor generation and delivery systems
CA3109598A1 (en)*2018-08-162020-02-20Basf SeDevice and method for heating a fluid in a pipeline by means of direct current
JP7100887B2 (ja)*2018-09-112022-07-14トクデン株式会社過熱水蒸気生成装置
US11053775B2 (en)*2018-11-162021-07-06Leonid KovalevDownhole induction heater
CN109451614B (zh)*2018-12-262024-02-23通达(厦门)精密橡塑有限公司一种可独立分组变功率非接触式镶件加热装置及方法
CN110700779B (zh)*2019-10-292022-02-18中国石油化工股份有限公司一种适应页岩气水平井封堵的整体式堵水管柱
CN113141680B (zh)*2020-01-172022-05-27昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司一种降低不规则金属板电阻加热整体温差方法及装置
US11979950B2 (en)2020-02-182024-05-07Trs Group, Inc.Heater for contaminant remediation
WO2021237137A1 (en)*2020-05-212021-11-25Pyrophase, Inc.Configurable universal wellbore reactor system
US11408260B2 (en)*2020-08-062022-08-09Lift Plus Energy Solutions, Ltd.Hybrid hydraulic gas pump system
CN112687427A (zh)*2020-12-162021-04-20深圳市速联技术有限公司一种耐高温信号传输线及加工方法
CN112560281B (zh)*2020-12-232023-08-01中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所基于Fluent优化气流分离电工级氧化镁粉的方法
US11642709B1 (en)2021-03-042023-05-09Trs Group, Inc.Optimized flux ERH electrode
US12181111B2 (en)*2021-04-302024-12-31Saudi Arabian Oil CompanySystem and method for facilitating hydrocarbon fluid flow
CN114067103A (zh)*2021-11-232022-02-18南京工业大学一种基于YOLOv3的管道第三方破坏智能识别方法
US20230243247A1 (en)*2022-01-312023-08-03King Fahd University Of Petroleum And MineralsGaseous hydrocarbons formation heating device
WO2023150466A1 (en)*2022-02-012023-08-10Geothermic Solution, Inc.Systems and methods for thermal reach enhancement
US12037870B1 (en)2023-02-102024-07-16Newpark Drilling Fluids LlcMitigating lost circulation
CN116817454A (zh)*2023-07-282023-09-29交通运输部烟台打捞局一种用于沉船重油加热的可张开式电磁加热装置及其使用方法
WO2025195842A1 (en)*2024-03-182025-09-25Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Method for generating hydrogen
CN118686611B (zh)*2024-07-042025-02-28西南石油大学一种深层页岩气水平井钻井井底温度快速预测方法
CN119616436A (zh)*2024-12-102025-03-14东北石油大学油页岩生烃原位转化的正温度电磁变频感应地下加热装置

Family Cites Families (782)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
SE123136C1 (zh)1948-01-01
SE126674C1 (zh)1949-01-01
US48994A (en)*1865-07-25Improvement in devices for oil-wells
US326439A (en)1885-09-15Protecting wells
US1457690A (en)*1923-06-05Percival iv brine
SE123138C1 (zh)1948-01-01
US345586A (en)*1886-07-13Oil from wells
CA899987A (en)1972-05-09Chisso CorporationMethod for controlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin effect current
US2732195A (en)*1956-01-24Ljungstrom
US2734579A (en)1956-02-14Production from bituminous sands
US94813A (en)*1869-09-14Improvement in torpedoes for oil-wells
US760304A (en)1903-10-241904-05-17Frank S GilbertHeater for oil-wells.
US1342741A (en)1918-01-171920-06-08David T DayProcess for extracting oils and hydrocarbon material from shale and similar bituminous rocks
US1269747A (en)*1918-04-061918-06-18Lebbeus H RogersMethod of and apparatus for treating oil-shale.
GB156396A (en)1919-12-101921-01-13Wilson Woods HooverAn improved method of treating shale and recovering oil therefrom
US1457479A (en)*1920-01-121923-06-05Edson R WolcottMethod of increasing the yield of oil wells
US1477802A (en)*1921-02-281923-12-18Cutler Hammer Mfg CoOil-well heater
US1510655A (en)*1922-11-211924-10-07Clark CorneliusProcess of subterranean distillation of volatile mineral substances
US1634236A (en)1925-03-101927-06-28Standard Dev CoMethod of and apparatus for recovering oil
US1646599A (en)*1925-04-301927-10-25George A SchaeferApparatus for removing fluid from wells
US1666488A (en)*1927-02-051928-04-17Crawshaw RichardApparatus for extracting oil from shale
US1681523A (en)*1927-03-261928-08-21Patrick V DowneyApparatus for heating oil wells
US1776997A (en)*1928-09-101930-09-30Patrick V DowneyOil-well heater
US1913395A (en)1929-11-141933-06-13Lewis C KarrickUnderground gasification of carbonaceous material-bearing substances
US2244255A (en)1939-01-181941-06-03Electrical Treating CompanyWell clearing system
US2244256A (en)*1939-12-161941-06-03Electrical Treating CompanyApparatus for clearing wells
US2319702A (en)1941-04-041943-05-18Socony Vacuum Oil Co IncMethod and apparatus for producing oil wells
US2423674A (en)1942-08-241947-07-08Johnson & Co AProcess of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons
US2390770A (en)1942-10-101945-12-11Sun Oil CoMethod of producing petroleum
US2484063A (en)*1944-08-191949-10-11Thermactor CorpElectric heater for subsurface materials
US2472445A (en)*1945-02-021949-06-07Thermactor CompanyApparatus for treating oil and gas bearing strata
US2481051A (en)*1945-12-151949-09-06Texaco Development CorpProcess and apparatus for the recovery of volatilizable constituents from underground carbonaceous formations
US2444755A (en)*1946-01-041948-07-06Ralph M SteffenApparatus for oil sand heating
US2634961A (en)1946-01-071953-04-14Svensk Skifferolje AktiebolageMethod of electrothermal production of shale oil
US2466945A (en)*1946-02-211949-04-12In Situ Gases IncGeneration of synthesis gas
US2497868A (en)*1946-10-101950-02-21Dalin DavidUnderground exploitation of fuel deposits
US2939689A (en)1947-06-241960-06-07Svenska Skifferolje AbElectrical heater for treating oilshale and the like
US2786660A (en)*1948-01-051957-03-26Phillips Petroleum CoApparatus for gasifying coal
US2548360A (en)1948-03-291951-04-10Stanley A GermainElectric oil well heater
US2685930A (en)1948-08-121954-08-10Union Oil CoOil well production process
US2630307A (en)1948-12-091953-03-03Carbonic Products IncMethod of recovering oil from oil shale
US2595979A (en)*1949-01-251952-05-06Texas CoUnderground liquefaction of coal
US2642943A (en)*1949-05-201953-06-23Sinclair Oil & Gas CoOil recovery process
US2593477A (en)*1949-06-101952-04-22Us InteriorProcess of underground gasification of coal
GB674082A (en)1949-06-151952-06-18Nat Res DevImprovements in or relating to the underground gasification of coal
US2632836A (en)*1949-11-081953-03-24Thermactor CompanyOil well heater
GB676543A (en)1949-11-141952-07-30Telegraph Constr & MaintenanceImprovements in the moulding and jointing of thermoplastic materials for example in the jointing of electric cables
US2670802A (en)1949-12-161954-03-02Thermactor CompanyReviving or increasing the production of clogged or congested oil wells
GB687088A (en)*1950-11-141953-02-04Glover & Co Ltd W TImprovements in the manufacture of insulated electric conductors
US2714930A (en)1950-12-081955-08-09Union Oil CoApparatus for preventing paraffin deposition
US2695163A (en)1950-12-091954-11-23Stanolind Oil & Gas CoMethod for gasification of subterranean carbonaceous deposits
GB697189A (en)1951-04-091953-09-16Nat Res DevImprovements relating to the underground gasification of coal
US2630306A (en)*1952-01-031953-03-03Socony Vacuum Oil Co IncSubterranean retorting of shales
US2757739A (en)*1952-01-071956-08-07Parelex CorpHeating apparatus
US2780450A (en)1952-03-071957-02-05Svenska Skifferolje AbMethod of recovering oil and gases from non-consolidated bituminous geological formations by a heating treatment in situ
US2777679A (en)*1952-03-071957-01-15Svenska Skifferolje AbRecovering sub-surface bituminous deposits by creating a frozen barrier and heating in situ
US2789805A (en)*1952-05-271957-04-23Svenska Skifferolje AbDevice for recovering fuel from subterraneous fuel-carrying deposits by heating in their natural location using a chain heat transfer member
US2780449A (en)*1952-12-261957-02-05Sinclair Oil & Gas CoThermal process for in-situ decomposition of oil shale
US2825408A (en)1953-03-091958-03-04Sinclair Oil & Gas CompanyOil recovery by subsurface thermal processing
US2771954A (en)1953-04-291956-11-27Exxon Research Engineering CoTreatment of petroleum production wells
US2703621A (en)*1953-05-041955-03-08George W FordOil well bottom hole flow increasing unit
US2743906A (en)1953-05-081956-05-01William E CoyleHydraulic underreamer
US2803305A (en)*1953-05-141957-08-20Pan American Petroleum CorpOil recovery by underground combustion
US2914309A (en)*1953-05-251959-11-24Svenska Skifferolje AbOil and gas recovery from tar sands
US2902270A (en)*1953-07-171959-09-01Svenska Skifferolje AbMethod of and means in heating of subsurface fuel-containing deposits "in situ"
US2890754A (en)1953-10-301959-06-16Svenska Skifferolje AbApparatus for recovering combustible substances from subterraneous deposits in situ
US2890755A (en)1953-12-191959-06-16Svenska Skifferolje AbApparatus for recovering combustible substances from subterraneous deposits in situ
US2841375A (en)*1954-03-031958-07-01Svenska Skifferolje AbMethod for in-situ utilization of fuels by combustion
US2794504A (en)*1954-05-101957-06-04Union Oil CoWell heater
US2793696A (en)*1954-07-221957-05-28Pan American Petroleum CorpOil recovery by underground combustion
US2781851A (en)*1954-10-111957-02-19Shell DevWell tubing heater system
US2923535A (en)*1955-02-111960-02-02Svenska Skifferolje AbSitu recovery from carbonaceous deposits
US2801089A (en)*1955-03-141957-07-30California Research CorpUnderground shale retorting process
US2819761A (en)*1956-01-191958-01-14Continental Oil CoProcess of removing viscous oil from a well bore
US2857002A (en)*1956-03-191958-10-21Texas CoRecovery of viscous crude oil
US2906340A (en)1956-04-051959-09-29Texaco IncMethod of treating a petroleum producing formation
US2991046A (en)1956-04-161961-07-04Parsons Lional AshleyCombined winch and bollard device
US2911046A (en)*1956-07-051959-11-03William J YahnMethod of increasing production of oil, gas and other wells
US3120264A (en)1956-07-091964-02-04Texaco Development CorpRecovery of oil by in situ combustion
US3016053A (en)1956-08-021962-01-09George J MedovickUnderwater breathing apparatus
US2997105A (en)*1956-10-081961-08-22Pan American Petroleum CorpBurner apparatus
US2932352A (en)*1956-10-251960-04-12Union Oil CoLiquid filled well heater
US2804149A (en)1956-12-121957-08-27John R DonaldsonOil well heater and reviver
US3127936A (en)1957-07-261964-04-07Svenska Skifferolje AbMethod of in situ heating of subsurface preferably fuel containing deposits
US2942223A (en)*1957-08-091960-06-21Gen ElectricElectrical resistance heater
US2906337A (en)1957-08-161959-09-29Pure Oil CoMethod of recovering bitumen
US3007521A (en)1957-10-281961-11-07Phillips Petroleum CoRecovery of oil by in situ combustion
US3010516A (en)1957-11-181961-11-28Phillips Petroleum CoBurner and process for in situ combustion
US2954826A (en)*1957-12-021960-10-04William E SieversHeated well production string
US2994376A (en)1957-12-271961-08-01Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ combustion process
US3061009A (en)*1958-01-171962-10-30Svenska Skifferolje AbMethod of recovery from fossil fuel bearing strata
US3062282A (en)1958-01-241962-11-06Phillips Petroleum CoInitiation of in situ combustion in a carbonaceous stratum
US3051235A (en)1958-02-241962-08-28Jersey Prod Res CoRecovery of petroleum crude oil, by in situ combustion and in situ hydrogenation
US3004603A (en)*1958-03-071961-10-17Phillips Petroleum CoHeater
US3032102A (en)1958-03-171962-05-01Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ combustion method
US3004601A (en)1958-05-091961-10-17Albert G BodineMethod and apparatus for augmenting oil recovery from wells by refrigeration
US3048221A (en)1958-05-121962-08-07Phillips Petroleum CoHydrocarbon recovery by thermal drive
US3026940A (en)*1958-05-191962-03-27Electronic Oil Well Heater IncOil well temperature indicator and control
US3010513A (en)1958-06-121961-11-28Phillips Petroleum CoInitiation of in situ combustion in carbonaceous stratum
US2958519A (en)*1958-06-231960-11-01Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ combustion process
US3044545A (en)1958-10-021962-07-17Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ combustion process
US3050123A (en)1958-10-071962-08-21Cities Service Res & Dev CoGas fired oil-well burner
US2974937A (en)*1958-11-031961-03-14Jersey Prod Res CoPetroleum recovery from carbonaceous formations
US2998457A (en)1958-11-191961-08-29Ashland Oil IncProduction of phenols
US2970826A (en)*1958-11-211961-02-07Texaco IncRecovery of oil from oil shale
US3036632A (en)1958-12-241962-05-29Socony Mobil Oil Co IncRecovery of hydrocarbon materials from earth formations by application of heat
US2969226A (en)*1959-01-191961-01-24Pyrochem CorpPendant parting petro pyrolysis process
US3017168A (en)1959-01-261962-01-16Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ retorting of oil shale
US3110345A (en)1959-02-261963-11-12Gulf Research Development CoLow temperature reverse combustion process
US3113619A (en)1959-03-301963-12-10Phillips Petroleum CoLine drive counterflow in situ combustion process
US3113620A (en)1959-07-061963-12-10Exxon Research Engineering CoProcess for producing viscous oil
US3113623A (en)1959-07-201963-12-10Union Oil CoApparatus for underground retorting
US3181613A (en)1959-07-201965-05-04Union Oil CoMethod and apparatus for subterranean heating
US3132692A (en)1959-07-271964-05-12Phillips Petroleum CoUse of formation heat from in situ combustion
US3116792A (en)1959-07-271964-01-07Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ combustion process
US3095031A (en)1959-12-091963-06-25Eurenius Malte OscarBurners for use in bore holes in the ground
US3131763A (en)1959-12-301964-05-05Texaco IncElectrical borehole heater
US3163745A (en)1960-02-291964-12-29Socony Mobil Oil Co IncHeating of an earth formation penetrated by a well borehole
US3127935A (en)1960-04-081964-04-07Marathon Oil CoIn situ combustion for oil recovery in tar sands, oil shales and conventional petroleum reservoirs
US3137347A (en)1960-05-091964-06-16Phillips Petroleum CoIn situ electrolinking of oil shale
US3139928A (en)1960-05-241964-07-07Shell Oil CoThermal process for in situ decomposition of oil shale
US3106244A (en)1960-06-201963-10-08Phillips Petroleum CoProcess for producing oil shale in situ by electrocarbonization
US3142336A (en)1960-07-181964-07-28Shell Oil CoMethod and apparatus for injecting steam into subsurface formations
US3105545A (en)1960-11-211963-10-01Shell Oil CoMethod of heating underground formations
US3164207A (en)1961-01-171965-01-05Wayne H ThessenMethod for recovering oil
US3191679A (en)1961-04-131965-06-29Wendell S MillerMelting process for recovering bitumens from the earth
US3207220A (en)1961-06-261965-09-21Chester I WilliamsElectric well heater
US3114417A (en)1961-08-141963-12-17Ernest T SaftigElectric oil well heater apparatus
US3246695A (en)1961-08-211966-04-19Charles L RobinsonMethod for heating minerals in situ with radioactive materials
US3183675A (en)1961-11-021965-05-18Conch Int Methane LtdMethod of freezing an earth formation
US3170842A (en)1961-11-061965-02-23Phillips Petroleum CoSubcritical borehole nuclear reactor and process
US3209825A (en)1962-02-141965-10-05Continental Oil CoLow temperature in-situ combustion
US3205946A (en)1962-03-121965-09-14Shell Oil CoConsolidation by silica coalescence
US3141924A (en)1962-03-161964-07-21Amp IncCoaxial cable shield braid terminators
US3165154A (en)1962-03-231965-01-12Phillips Petroleum CoOil recovery by in situ combustion
US3149670A (en)1962-03-271964-09-22Smclair Res IncIn-situ heating process
US3149672A (en)1962-05-041964-09-22Jersey Prod Res CoMethod and apparatus for electrical heating of oil-bearing formations
US3194315A (en)1962-06-261965-07-13Charles D GolsonApparatus for isolating zones in wells
US3208531A (en)1962-08-211965-09-28Otis Eng CoInserting tool for locating and anchoring a device in tubing
US3182721A (en)1962-11-021965-05-11Sun Oil CoMethod of petroleum production by forward in situ combustion
US3288648A (en)1963-02-041966-11-29Pan American Petroleum CorpProcess for producing electrical energy from geological liquid hydrocarbon formation
US3205942A (en)1963-02-071965-09-14Socony Mobil Oil Co IncMethod for recovery of hydrocarbons by in situ heating of oil shale
US3221811A (en)1963-03-111965-12-07Shell Oil CoMobile in-situ heating of formations
US3250327A (en)1963-04-021966-05-10Socony Mobil Oil Co IncRecovering nonflowing hydrocarbons
US3241611A (en)1963-04-101966-03-22Equity Oil CompanyRecovery of petroleum products from oil shale
GB959945A (en)1963-04-181964-06-03Conch Int Methane LtdConstructing a frozen wall within the ground
US3237689A (en)1963-04-291966-03-01Clarence I JustheimDistillation of underground deposits of solid carbonaceous materials in situ
US3205944A (en)1963-06-141965-09-14Socony Mobil Oil Co IncRecovery of hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir by heating
US3233668A (en)1963-11-151966-02-08Exxon Production Research CoRecovery of shale oil
US3285335A (en)1963-12-111966-11-15Exxon Research Engineering CoIn situ pyrolysis of oil shale formations
US3273640A (en)1963-12-131966-09-20Pyrochem CorpPressure pulsing perpendicular permeability process for winning stabilized primary volatiles from oil shale in situ
US3275076A (en)1964-01-131966-09-27Mobil Oil CorpRecovery of asphaltic-type petroleum from a subterranean reservoir
US3342258A (en)1964-03-061967-09-19Shell Oil CoUnderground oil recovery from solid oil-bearing deposits
US3294167A (en)1964-04-131966-12-27Shell Oil CoThermal oil recovery
US3284281A (en)1964-08-311966-11-08Phillips Petroleum CoProduction of oil from oil shale through fractures
US3302707A (en)1964-09-301967-02-07Mobil Oil CorpMethod for improving fluid recoveries from earthen formations
US3380913A (en)1964-12-281968-04-30Phillips Petroleum CoRefining of effluent from in situ combustion operation
US3332480A (en)1965-03-041967-07-25Pan American Petroleum CorpRecovery of hydrocarbons by thermal methods
US3338306A (en)1965-03-091967-08-29Mobil Oil CorpRecovery of heavy oil from oil sands
US3358756A (en)1965-03-121967-12-19Shell Oil CoMethod for in situ recovery of solid or semi-solid petroleum deposits
US3299202A (en)1965-04-021967-01-17Okonite CoOil well cable
DE1242535B (de)1965-04-131967-06-22Deutsche Erdoel AgVerfahren zur Restausfoerderung von Erdoellagerstaetten
US3316344A (en)1965-04-261967-04-25Central Electr Generat BoardPrevention of icing of electrical conductors
US3342267A (en)1965-04-291967-09-19Gerald S CotterTurbo-generator heater for oil and gas wells and pipe lines
US3352355A (en)1965-06-231967-11-14Dow Chemical CoMethod of recovery of hydrocarbons from solid hydrocarbonaceous formations
US3349845A (en)1965-10-221967-10-31Sinclair Oil & Gas CompanyMethod of establishing communication between wells
US3379248A (en)1965-12-101968-04-23Mobil Oil CorpIn situ combustion process utilizing waste heat
US3386508A (en)1966-02-211968-06-04Exxon Production Research CoProcess and system for the recovery of viscous oil
US3362751A (en)1966-02-281968-01-09Tinlin WilliamMethod and system for recovering shale oil and gas
US3595082A (en)1966-03-041971-07-27Gulf Oil CorpTemperature measuring apparatus
US3410977A (en)1966-03-281968-11-12Ando MasaoMethod of and apparatus for heating the surface part of various construction materials
DE1615192B1 (de)1966-04-011970-08-20Chisso CorpInduktiv beheiztes Heizrohr
US3513913A (en)1966-04-191970-05-26Shell Oil CoOil recovery from oil shales by transverse combustion
US3372754A (en)*1966-05-311968-03-12Mobil Oil CorpWell assembly for heating a subterranean formation
US3399623A (en)1966-07-141968-09-03James R. CreedApparatus for and method of producing viscid oil
NL153755C (nl)1966-10-201977-11-15Stichting Reactor CentrumWerkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een elektrisch verwarmingselement, alsmede verwarmingselement vervaardigd met toepassing van deze werkwijze.
US3465819A (en)1967-02-131969-09-09American Oil Shale CorpUse of nuclear detonations in producing hydrocarbons from an underground formation
US3389975A (en)1967-03-101968-06-25Sinclair Research IncProcess for the recovery of aluminum values from retorted shale and conversion of sodium aluminate to sodium aluminum carbonate hydroxide
NL6803827A (zh)1967-03-221968-09-23
US3528501A (en)1967-08-041970-09-15Phillips Petroleum CoRecovery of oil from oil shale
US3434541A (en)1967-10-111969-03-25Mobil Oil CorpIn situ combustion process
US3542276A (en)1967-11-131970-11-24Ideal IndOpen type explosion connector and method
US3485300A (en)*1967-12-201969-12-23Phillips Petroleum CoMethod and apparatus for defoaming crude oil down hole
US3477058A (en)1968-02-011969-11-04Gen ElectricMagnesia insulated heating elements and methods of production
US3580987A (en)1968-03-261971-05-25PirelliElectric cable
US3455383A (en)1968-04-241969-07-15Shell Oil CoMethod of producing fluidized material from a subterranean formation
US3578080A (en)1968-06-101971-05-11Shell Oil CoMethod of producing shale oil from an oil shale formation
US3529682A (en)1968-10-031970-09-22Bell Telephone Labor IncLocation detection and guidance systems for burrowing device
US3537528A (en)1968-10-141970-11-03Shell Oil CoMethod for producing shale oil from an exfoliated oil shale formation
US3593789A (en)1968-10-181971-07-20Shell Oil CoMethod for producing shale oil from an oil shale formation
US3565171A (en)1968-10-231971-02-23Shell Oil CoMethod for producing shale oil from a subterranean oil shale formation
US3502372A (en)1968-10-231970-03-24Shell Oil CoProcess of recovering oil and dawsonite from oil shale
US3629551A (en)1968-10-291971-12-21Chisso CorpControlling heat generation locally in a heat-generating pipe utilizing skin-effect current
US3501201A (en)1968-10-301970-03-17Shell Oil CoMethod of producing shale oil from a subterranean oil shale formation
US3513249A (en)1968-12-241970-05-19Ideal IndExplosion connector with improved insulating means
US3562401A (en)1969-03-031971-02-09Union Carbide CorpLow temperature electric transmission systems
US3614986A (en)1969-03-031971-10-26Electrothermic CoMethod for injecting heated fluids into mineral bearing formations
US3542131A (en)1969-04-011970-11-24Mobil Oil CorpMethod of recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale
US3547192A (en)1969-04-041970-12-15Shell Oil CoMethod of metal coating and electrically heating a subterranean earth formation
US3618663A (en)1969-05-011971-11-09Phillips Petroleum CoShale oil production
US3529075A (en)1969-05-211970-09-15Ideal IndExplosion connector with ignition arrangement
US3605890A (en)1969-06-041971-09-20Chevron ResHydrogen production from a kerogen-depleted shale formation
DE1939402B2 (de)1969-08-021970-12-03Felten & Guilleaume KabelwerkVerfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wellen von Rohrwandungen
US3599714A (en)1969-09-081971-08-17Roger L MessmanMethod of recovering hydrocarbons by in situ combustion
US3614387A (en)1969-09-221971-10-19Watlow Electric Mfg CoElectrical heater with an internal thermocouple
US3547193A (en)1969-10-081970-12-15Electrothermic CoMethod and apparatus for recovery of minerals from sub-surface formations using electricity
US3608640A (en)*1969-10-201971-09-28Continental Oil CoMethod of assembling a prestressed conduit in a wall
US3661423A (en)1970-02-121972-05-09Occidental Petroleum CorpIn situ process for recovery of carbonaceous materials from subterranean deposits
US3657520A (en)1970-08-201972-04-18Michel A RagaultHeating cable with cold outlets
US3759574A (en)1970-09-241973-09-18Shell Oil CoMethod of producing hydrocarbons from an oil shale formation
US4305463A (en)1979-10-311981-12-15Oil Trieval CorporationOil recovery method and apparatus
US3679812A (en)1970-11-131972-07-25Schlumberger Technology CorpElectrical suspension cable for well tools
US3680633A (en)1970-12-281972-08-01Sun Oil Co DelawareSitu combustion initiation process
US3675715A (en)1970-12-301972-07-11Forrester A ClarkProcesses for secondarily recovering oil
US3700280A (en)1971-04-281972-10-24Shell Oil CoMethod of producing oil from an oil shale formation containing nahcolite and dawsonite
US3770398A (en)1971-09-171973-11-06Cities Service Oil CoIn situ coal gasification process
US3893918A (en)1971-11-221975-07-08Engineering Specialties IncMethod for separating material leaving a well
US3766982A (en)1971-12-271973-10-23Justheim Petrol CoMethod for the in-situ treatment of hydrocarbonaceous materials
US3823787A (en)1972-04-211974-07-16Continental Oil CoDrill hole guidance system
US3759328A (en)1972-05-111973-09-18Shell Oil CoLaterally expanding oil shale permeabilization
US3794116A (en)1972-05-301974-02-26Atomic Energy CommissionSitu coal bed gasification
US3779602A (en)1972-08-071973-12-18Shell Oil CoProcess for solution mining nahcolite
US3757860A (en)1972-08-071973-09-11Atlantic Richfield CoWell heating
CA983704A (en)1972-08-311976-02-17Joseph D. RobinsonMethod for determining distance and direction to a cased well bore
US3809159A (en)1972-10-021974-05-07Continental Oil CoProcess for simultaneously increasing recovery and upgrading oil in a reservoir
US3804172A (en)1972-10-111974-04-16Shell Oil CoMethod for the recovery of oil from oil shale
US3804169A (en)1973-02-071974-04-16Shell Oil CoSpreading-fluid recovery of subterranean oil
US3896260A (en)1973-04-031975-07-22Walter A PlummerPowder filled cable splice assembly
US3947683A (en)1973-06-051976-03-30Texaco Inc.Combination of epithermal and inelastic neutron scattering methods to locate coal and oil shale zones
US3859503A (en)1973-06-121975-01-07Richard D PaloneElectric heated sucker rod
US4076761A (en)1973-08-091978-02-28Mobil Oil CorporationProcess for the manufacture of gasoline
US3881551A (en)1973-10-121975-05-06Ruel C TerryMethod of extracting immobile hydrocarbons
US3907045A (en)1973-11-301975-09-23Continental Oil CoGuidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US3853185A (en)1973-11-301974-12-10Continental Oil CoGuidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US3882941A (en)1973-12-171975-05-13Cities Service Res & Dev CoIn situ production of bitumen from oil shale
US4037655A (en)1974-04-191977-07-26Electroflood CompanyMethod for secondary recovery of oil
US4199025A (en)1974-04-191980-04-22Electroflood CompanyMethod and apparatus for tertiary recovery of oil
US3922148A (en)1974-05-161975-11-25Texaco Development CorpProduction of methane-rich gas
US3948755A (en)1974-05-311976-04-06Standard Oil CompanyProcess for recovering and upgrading hydrocarbons from oil shale and tar sands
US4006778A (en)1974-06-211977-02-08Texaco Exploration Canada Ltd.Thermal recovery of hydrocarbon from tar sands
US3920072A (en)*1974-06-241975-11-18Atlantic Richfield CoMethod of producing oil from a subterranean formation
US4026357A (en)1974-06-261977-05-31Texaco Exploration Canada Ltd.In situ gasification of solid hydrocarbon materials in a subterranean formation
US4029360A (en)1974-07-261977-06-14Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.Method of recovering oil and water from in situ oil shale retort flue gas
US4005752A (en)1974-07-261977-02-01Occidental Petroleum CorporationMethod of igniting in situ oil shale retort with fuel rich flue gas
US3941421A (en)1974-08-131976-03-02Occidental Petroleum CorporationApparatus for obtaining uniform gas flow through an in situ oil shale retort
GB1454324A (en)1974-08-141976-11-03IniexRecovering combustible gases from underground deposits of coal or bituminous shale
US3948319A (en)1974-10-161976-04-06Atlantic Richfield CompanyMethod and apparatus for producing fluid by varying current flow through subterranean source formation
AR205595A1 (es)1974-11-061976-05-14Haldor Topsoe AsProcedimiento para preparar gases rico en metano
US4138442A (en)1974-12-051979-02-06Mobil Oil CorporationProcess for the manufacture of gasoline
US3952802A (en)1974-12-111976-04-27In Situ Technology, Inc.Method and apparatus for in situ gasification of coal and the commercial products derived therefrom
US3986556A (en)1975-01-061976-10-19Haynes Charles AHydrocarbon recovery from earth strata
US4042026A (en)1975-02-081977-08-16Deutsche Texaco AktiengesellschaftMethod for initiating an in-situ recovery process by the introduction of oxygen
US4096163A (en)1975-04-081978-06-20Mobil Oil CorporationConversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon mixtures
US3924680A (en)1975-04-231975-12-09In Situ Technology IncMethod of pyrolysis of coal in situ
US3973628A (en)1975-04-301976-08-10New Mexico Tech Research FoundationIn situ solution mining of coal
US4016239A (en)1975-05-221977-04-05Union Oil Company Of CaliforniaRecarbonation of spent oil shale
US3987851A (en)1975-06-021976-10-26Shell Oil CompanySerially burning and pyrolyzing to produce shale oil from a subterranean oil shale
US3986557A (en)1975-06-061976-10-19Atlantic Richfield CompanyProduction of bitumen from tar sands
US3950029A (en)1975-06-121976-04-13Mobil Oil CorporationIn situ retorting of oil shale
US3993132A (en)1975-06-181976-11-23Texaco Exploration Canada Ltd.Thermal recovery of hydrocarbons from tar sands
US4069868A (en)1975-07-141978-01-24In Situ Technology, Inc.Methods of fluidized production of coal in situ
BE832017A (fr)1975-07-311975-11-17Nouveau procede d'exploitation d'un gisement de houille ou de lignite par gazefication souterraine sous haute pression
US4199024A (en)1975-08-071980-04-22World Energy SystemsMultistage gas generator
US3954140A (en)1975-08-131976-05-04Hendrick Robert PRecovery of hydrocarbons by in situ thermal extraction
US3986349A (en)1975-09-151976-10-19Chevron Research CompanyMethod of power generation via coal gasification and liquid hydrocarbon synthesis
US3994340A (en)1975-10-301976-11-30Chevron Research CompanyMethod of recovering viscous petroleum from tar sand
US3994341A (en)1975-10-301976-11-30Chevron Research CompanyRecovering viscous petroleum from thick tar sand
US4087130A (en)1975-11-031978-05-02Occidental Petroleum CorporationProcess for the gasification of coal in situ
US4018280A (en)1975-12-101977-04-19Mobil Oil CorporationProcess for in situ retorting of oil shale
US4019575A (en)1975-12-221977-04-26Chevron Research CompanySystem for recovering viscous petroleum from thick tar sand
US4017319A (en)*1976-01-061977-04-12General Electric CompanySi3 N4 formed by nitridation of sintered silicon compact containing boron
US3999607A (en)*1976-01-221976-12-28Exxon Research And Engineering CompanyRecovery of hydrocarbons from coal
US4031956A (en)1976-02-121977-06-28In Situ Technology, Inc.Method of recovering energy from subsurface petroleum reservoirs
US4008762A (en)1976-02-261977-02-22Fisher Sidney TExtraction of hydrocarbons in situ from underground hydrocarbon deposits
US4010800A (en)1976-03-081977-03-08In Situ Technology, Inc.Producing thin seams of coal in situ
US4048637A (en)1976-03-231977-09-13Westinghouse Electric CorporationRadar system for detecting slowly moving targets
DE2615874B2 (de)1976-04-101978-10-19Deutsche Texaco Ag, 2000 HamburgAnwendung eines Verfahrens zum Gewinnen von Erdöl und Bitumen aus unterirdischen Lagerstätten mittels einer Verbrennungfront bei Lagerstätten beliebigen Gehalts an intermediären Kohlenwasserstoffen im Rohöl bzw. Bitumen
GB1544245A (en)1976-05-211979-04-19British Gas CorpProduction of substitute natural gas
US4049053A (en)1976-06-101977-09-20Fisher Sidney TRecovery of hydrocarbons from partially exhausted oil wells by mechanical wave heating
US4193451A (en)1976-06-171980-03-18The Badger Company, Inc.Method for production of organic products from kerogen
US4067390A (en)1976-07-061978-01-10Technology Application Services CorporationApparatus and method for the recovery of fuel products from subterranean deposits of carbonaceous matter using a plasma arc
US4057293A (en)1976-07-121977-11-08Garrett Donald EProcess for in situ conversion of coal or the like into oil and gas
US4043393A (en)1976-07-291977-08-23Fisher Sidney TExtraction from underground coal deposits
US4091869A (en)1976-09-071978-05-30Exxon Production Research CompanyIn situ process for recovery of carbonaceous materials from subterranean deposits
US4084637A (en)1976-12-161978-04-18Petro Canada Exploration Inc.Method of producing viscous materials from subterranean formations
US4089374A (en)1976-12-161978-05-16In Situ Technology, Inc.Producing methane from coal in situ
US4093026A (en)1977-01-171978-06-06Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.Removal of sulfur dioxide from process gas using treated oil shale and water
US4277416A (en)1977-02-171981-07-07Aminoil, Usa, Inc.Process for producing methanol
US4099567A (en)1977-05-271978-07-11In Situ Technology, Inc.Generating medium BTU gas from coal in situ
US4140180A (en)1977-08-291979-02-20Iit Research InstituteMethod for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations
US4144935A (en)1977-08-291979-03-20Iit Research InstituteApparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations
NL181941C (nl)1977-09-161987-12-01Ir Arnold Willem Josephus GrupWerkwijze voor het ondergronds vergassen van steenkool of bruinkool.
US4125159A (en)1977-10-171978-11-14Vann Roy RandellMethod and apparatus for isolating and treating subsurface stratas
SU915451A1 (ru)1977-10-211988-08-23Vnii IspolzovaniaСпособ подземной газификации топлива
US4119349A (en)1977-10-251978-10-10Gulf Oil CorporationMethod and apparatus for recovery of fluids produced in in-situ retorting of oil shale
US4114688A (en)1977-12-051978-09-19In Situ Technology Inc.Minimizing environmental effects in production and use of coal
US4158467A (en)1977-12-301979-06-19Gulf Oil CorporationProcess for recovering shale oil
US4148359A (en)1978-01-301979-04-10Shell Oil CompanyPressure-balanced oil recovery process for water productive oil shale
DE2812490A1 (de)1978-03-221979-09-27Texaco AgVerfahren zur ermittlung der raeumlichen ausdehnung von untertaegigen reaktionen
US4197911A (en)1978-05-091980-04-15Ramcor, Inc.Process for in situ coal gasification
US4228853A (en)1978-06-211980-10-21Harvey A HerbertPetroleum production method
US4186801A (en)1978-12-181980-02-05Gulf Research And Development CompanyIn situ combustion process for the recovery of liquid carbonaceous fuels from subterranean formations
US4185692A (en)1978-07-141980-01-29In Situ Technology, Inc.Underground linkage of wells for production of coal in situ
US4184548A (en)1978-07-171980-01-22Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Method for determining the position and inclination of a flame front during in situ combustion of an oil shale retort
US4183405A (en)1978-10-021980-01-15Magnie Robert LEnhanced recoveries of petroleum and hydrogen from underground reservoirs
US4446917A (en)1978-10-041984-05-08Todd John CMethod and apparatus for producing viscous or waxy crude oils
JPS5576586A (en)1978-12-011980-06-09Tokyo Shibaura Electric CoHeater
US4457365A (en)1978-12-071984-07-03Raytheon CompanyIn situ radio frequency selective heating system
US4299086A (en)1978-12-071981-11-10Gulf Research & Development CompanyUtilization of energy obtained by substoichiometric combustion of low heating value gases
US4265307A (en)1978-12-201981-05-05Standard Oil CompanyShale oil recovery
US4274487A (en)1979-01-111981-06-23Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Indirect thermal stimulation of production wells
US4324292A (en)1979-02-211982-04-13University Of UtahProcess for recovering products from oil shale
US4282587A (en)1979-05-211981-08-04Daniel SilvermanMethod for monitoring the recovery of minerals from shallow geological formations
US4228854A (en)1979-08-131980-10-21Alberta Research CouncilEnhanced oil recovery using electrical means
US4701587A (en)1979-08-311987-10-20Metcal, Inc.Shielded heating element having intrinsic temperature control
US4256945A (en)1979-08-311981-03-17Iris AssociatesAlternating current electrically resistive heating element having intrinsic temperature control
US4549396A (en)1979-10-011985-10-29Mobil Oil CorporationConversion of coal to electricity
US4370518A (en)1979-12-031983-01-25Hughes Tool CompanySplice for lead-coated and insulated conductors
US4250230A (en)1979-12-101981-02-10In Situ Technology, Inc.Generating electricity from coal in situ
US4250962A (en)1979-12-141981-02-17Gulf Research & Development CompanyIn situ combustion process for the recovery of liquid carbonaceous fuels from subterranean formations
US4359687A (en)1980-01-251982-11-16Shell Oil CompanyMethod and apparatus for determining shaliness and oil saturations in earth formations using induced polarization in the frequency domain
US4398151A (en)1980-01-251983-08-09Shell Oil CompanyMethod for correcting an electrical log for the presence of shale in a formation
USRE30738E (en)1980-02-061981-09-08Iit Research InstituteApparatus and method for in situ heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations
US4303126A (en)1980-02-271981-12-01Chevron Research CompanyArrangement of wells for producing subsurface viscous petroleum
US4445574A (en)1980-03-241984-05-01Geo Vann, Inc.Continuous borehole formed horizontally through a hydrocarbon producing formation
US4417782A (en)1980-03-311983-11-29Raychem CorporationFiber optic temperature sensing
CA1168283A (en)1980-04-141984-05-29Hiroshi TerataniElectrode device for electrically heating underground deposits of hydrocarbons
US4273188A (en)1980-04-301981-06-16Gulf Research & Development CompanyIn situ combustion process for the recovery of liquid carbonaceous fuels from subterranean formations
US4306621A (en)1980-05-231981-12-22Boyd R MichaelMethod for in situ coal gasification operations
US4409090A (en)1980-06-021983-10-11University Of UtahProcess for recovering products from tar sand
CA1165361A (en)1980-06-031984-04-10Toshiyuki KobayashiElectrode unit for electrically heating underground hydrocarbon deposits
US4381641A (en)1980-06-231983-05-03Gulf Research & Development CompanySubstoichiometric combustion of low heating value gases
US4401099A (en)1980-07-111983-08-30W.B. Combustion, Inc.Single-ended recuperative radiant tube assembly and method
US4299285A (en)1980-07-211981-11-10Gulf Research & Development CompanyUnderground gasification of bituminous coal
US4396062A (en)1980-10-061983-08-02University Of Utah Research FoundationApparatus and method for time-domain tracking of high-speed chemical reactions
FR2491945B1 (fr)1980-10-131985-08-23Ledent PierreProcede de production d'un gaz a haute teneur en hydrogene par gazeification souterraine du charbon
US4353418A (en)1980-10-201982-10-12Standard Oil Company (Indiana)In situ retorting of oil shale
US4384613A (en)1980-10-241983-05-24Terra Tek, Inc.Method of in-situ retorting of carbonaceous material for recovery of organic liquids and gases
US4401163A (en)1980-12-291983-08-30The Standard Oil CompanyModified in situ retorting of oil shale
US4385661A (en)1981-01-071983-05-31The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of EnergyDownhole steam generator with improved preheating, combustion and protection features
US4423311A (en)1981-01-191983-12-27Varney Sr PaulElectric heating apparatus for de-icing pipes
US4540047A (en)*1981-02-171985-09-10Ava International CorporationFlow controlling apparatus
US4366668A (en)1981-02-251983-01-04Gulf Research & Development CompanySubstoichiometric combustion of low heating value gases
US4382469A (en)*1981-03-101983-05-10Electro-Petroleum, Inc.Method of in situ gasification
US4363361A (en)1981-03-191982-12-14Gulf Research & Development CompanySubstoichiometric combustion of low heating value gases
US4390067A (en)1981-04-061983-06-28Exxon Production Research Co.Method of treating reservoirs containing very viscous crude oil or bitumen
US4399866A (en)1981-04-101983-08-23Atlantic Richfield CompanyMethod for controlling the flow of subterranean water into a selected zone in a permeable subterranean carbonaceous deposit
US4444255A (en)1981-04-201984-04-24Lloyd GeoffreyApparatus and process for the recovery of oil
US4380930A (en)1981-05-011983-04-26Mobil Oil CorporationSystem for transmitting ultrasonic energy through core samples
US4429745A (en)1981-05-081984-02-07Mobil Oil CorporationOil recovery method
US4378048A (en)1981-05-081983-03-29Gulf Research & Development CompanySubstoichiometric combustion of low heating value gases using different platinum catalysts
US4384614A (en)1981-05-111983-05-24Justheim Pertroleum CompanyMethod of retorting oil shale by velocity flow of super-heated air
US4437519A (en)1981-06-031984-03-20Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.Reduction of shale oil pour point
US4368452A (en)1981-06-221983-01-11Kerr Jr Robert LThermal protection of aluminum conductor junctions
US4428700A (en)1981-08-031984-01-31E. R. Johnson Associates, Inc.Method for disposing of waste materials
US4456065A (en)1981-08-201984-06-26Elektra Energie A.G.Heavy oil recovering
US4344483A (en)1981-09-081982-08-17Fisher Charles BMultiple-site underground magnetic heating of hydrocarbons
US4452491A (en)1981-09-251984-06-05Intercontinental Econergy Associates, Inc.Recovery of hydrocarbons from deep underground deposits of tar sands
US4425967A (en)1981-10-071984-01-17Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Ignition procedure and process for in situ retorting of oil shale
US4605680A (en)1981-10-131986-08-12Chevron Research CompanyConversion of synthesis gas to diesel fuel and gasoline
US4401162A (en)1981-10-131983-08-30Synfuel (An Indiana Limited Partnership)In situ oil shale process
US4410042A (en)1981-11-021983-10-18Mobil Oil CorporationIn-situ combustion method for recovery of heavy oil utilizing oxygen and carbon dioxide as initial oxidant
US4549073A (en)1981-11-061985-10-22Oximetrix, Inc.Current controller for resistive heating element
US4444258A (en)1981-11-101984-04-24Nicholas KalmarIn situ recovery of oil from oil shale
US4418752A (en)*1982-01-071983-12-06Conoco Inc.Thermal oil recovery with solvent recirculation
FR2519688A1 (fr)1982-01-081983-07-18Elf AquitaineSysteme d'etancheite pour puits de forage dans lequel circule un fluide chaud
US4397732A (en)1982-02-111983-08-09International Coal Refining CompanyProcess for coal liquefaction employing selective coal feed
US4530401A (en)1982-04-051985-07-23Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for maximum in-situ visbreaking of heavy oil
CA1196594A (en)1982-04-081985-11-12Guy SavardRecovery of oil from tar sands
US4537252A (en)1982-04-231985-08-27Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Method of underground conversion of coal
US4491179A (en)1982-04-261985-01-01Pirson Sylvain JMethod for oil recovery by in situ exfoliation drive
US4455215A (en)1982-04-291984-06-19Jarrott David MProcess for the geoconversion of coal into oil
US4412585A (en)1982-05-031983-11-01Cities Service CompanyElectrothermal process for recovering hydrocarbons
US4524826A (en)1982-06-141985-06-25Texaco Inc.Method of heating an oil shale formation
US4457374A (en)1982-06-291984-07-03Standard Oil CompanyTransient response process for detecting in situ retorting conditions
US4442896A (en)1982-07-211984-04-17Reale Lucio VTreatment of underground beds
US4407973A (en)1982-07-281983-10-04The M. W. Kellogg CompanyMethanol from coal and natural gas
US4479541A (en)1982-08-231984-10-30Wang Fun DenMethod and apparatus for recovery of oil, gas and mineral deposits by panel opening
US4458767A (en)1982-09-281984-07-10Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for directionally drilling a first well to intersect a second well
CA1214815A (en)1982-09-301986-12-02John F. KrummeAutoregulating electrically shielded heater
US4927857A (en)1982-09-301990-05-22Engelhard CorporationMethod of methanol production
US4695713A (en)1982-09-301987-09-22Metcal, Inc.Autoregulating, electrically shielded heater
US4498531A (en)1982-10-011985-02-12Rockwell International CorporationEmission controller for indirect fired downhole steam generators
US4485869A (en)1982-10-221984-12-04Iit Research InstituteRecovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil shale by electromagnetic heating in situ
EP0110449B1 (en)1982-11-221986-08-13Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V.Process for the preparation of a fischer-tropsch catalyst, a catalyst so prepared and use of this catalyst in the preparation of hydrocarbons
US4498535A (en)1982-11-301985-02-12Iit Research InstituteApparatus and method for in situ controlled heat processing of hydrocarbonaceous formations with a controlled parameter line
US4474238A (en)1982-11-301984-10-02Phillips Petroleum CompanyMethod and apparatus for treatment of subsurface formations
US4752673A (en)1982-12-011988-06-21Metcal, Inc.Autoregulating heater
US4520229A (en)1983-01-031985-05-28Amerace CorporationSplice connector housing and assembly of cables employing same
US4501326A (en)1983-01-171985-02-26Gulf Canada LimitedIn-situ recovery of viscous hydrocarbonaceous crude oil
US4609041A (en)1983-02-101986-09-02Magda Richard MWell hot oil system
US4640352A (en)1983-03-211987-02-03Shell Oil CompanyIn-situ steam drive oil recovery process
US4886118A (en)1983-03-211989-12-12Shell Oil CompanyConductively heating a subterranean oil shale to create permeability and subsequently produce oil
US4458757A (en)1983-04-251984-07-10Exxon Research And Engineering Co.In situ shale-oil recovery process
US4645004A (en)1983-04-291987-02-24Iit Research InstituteElectro-osmotic production of hydrocarbons utilizing conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations
US4524827A (en)1983-04-291985-06-25Iit Research InstituteSingle well stimulation for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from subsurface formations
US4545435A (en)1983-04-291985-10-08Iit Research InstituteConduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations
US4518548A (en)1983-05-021985-05-21Sulcon, Inc.Method of overlaying sulphur concrete on horizontal and vertical surfaces
US4794226A (en)1983-05-261988-12-27Metcal, Inc.Self-regulating porous heater device
EP0130671A3 (en)*1983-05-261986-12-17Metcal Inc.Multiple temperature autoregulating heater
US5073625A (en)1983-05-261991-12-17Metcal, Inc.Self-regulating porous heating device
DE3319732A1 (de)1983-05-311984-12-06Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 MülheimMittellastkraftwerk mit integrierter kohlevergasungsanlage zur erzeugung von strom und methanol
US4658215A (en)1983-06-201987-04-14Shell Oil CompanyMethod for induced polarization logging
US4583046A (en)1983-06-201986-04-15Shell Oil CompanyApparatus for focused electrode induced polarization logging
US4717814A (en)1983-06-271988-01-05Metcal, Inc.Slotted autoregulating heater
JPS6016696A (ja)*1983-07-061985-01-28三菱電機株式会社炭化水素系地下資源の電気加熱用電極装置およびその製造方法
JPS6015108A (ja)*1983-07-071985-01-25安心院 国雄コンクリートにあけられた孔の拡径方法とその装置
US5209987A (en)1983-07-081993-05-11Raychem LimitedWire and cable
US4985313A (en)1985-01-141991-01-15Raychem LimitedWire and cable
US4598392A (en)1983-07-261986-07-01Mobil Oil CorporationVibratory signal sweep seismic prospecting method and apparatus
US4501445A (en)1983-08-011985-02-26Cities Service CompanyMethod of in-situ hydrogenation of carbonaceous material
US4538682A (en)1983-09-081985-09-03Mcmanus James WMethod and apparatus for removing oil well paraffin
US4573530A (en)1983-11-071986-03-04Mobil Oil CorporationIn-situ gasification of tar sands utilizing a combustible gas
US4698149A (en)1983-11-071987-10-06Mobil Oil CorporationEnhanced recovery of hydrocarbonaceous fluids oil shale
US4489782A (en)1983-12-121984-12-25Atlantic Richfield CompanyViscous oil production using electrical current heating and lateral drain holes
US4598772A (en)1983-12-281986-07-08Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for operating a production well in an oxygen driven in-situ combustion oil recovery process
US4583242A (en)1983-12-291986-04-15Shell Oil CompanyApparatus for positioning a sample in a computerized axial tomographic scanner
US4540882A (en)1983-12-291985-09-10Shell Oil CompanyMethod of determining drilling fluid invasion
US4542648A (en)1983-12-291985-09-24Shell Oil CompanyMethod of correlating a core sample with its original position in a borehole
US4613754A (en)1983-12-291986-09-23Shell Oil CompanyTomographic calibration apparatus
US4635197A (en)1983-12-291987-01-06Shell Oil CompanyHigh resolution tomographic imaging method
US4571491A (en)1983-12-291986-02-18Shell Oil CompanyMethod of imaging the atomic number of a sample
US4662439A (en)1984-01-201987-05-05Amoco CorporationMethod of underground conversion of coal
US4572229A (en)1984-02-021986-02-25Thomas D. MuellerVariable proportioner
US4623401A (en)1984-03-061986-11-18Metcal, Inc.Heat treatment with an autoregulating heater
US4644283A (en)1984-03-191987-02-17Shell Oil CompanyIn-situ method for determining pore size distribution, capillary pressure and permeability
US4552214A (en)1984-03-221985-11-12Standard Oil Company (Indiana)Pulsed in situ retorting in an array of oil shale retorts
US4637464A (en)1984-03-221987-01-20Amoco CorporationIn situ retorting of oil shale with pulsed water purge
US4570715A (en)1984-04-061986-02-18Shell Oil CompanyFormation-tailored method and apparatus for uniformly heating long subterranean intervals at high temperature
US4577690A (en)1984-04-181986-03-25Mobil Oil CorporationMethod of using seismic data to monitor firefloods
US4592423A (en)1984-05-141986-06-03Texaco Inc.Hydrocarbon stratum retorting means and method
US4597441A (en)1984-05-251986-07-01World Energy Systems, Inc.Recovery of oil by in situ hydrogenation
US4663711A (en)1984-06-221987-05-05Shell Oil CompanyMethod of analyzing fluid saturation using computerized axial tomography
US4577503A (en)1984-09-041986-03-25International Business Machines CorporationMethod and device for detecting a specific acoustic spectral feature
US4576231A (en)1984-09-131986-03-18Texaco Inc.Method and apparatus for combating encroachment by in situ treated formations
US4597444A (en)1984-09-211986-07-01Atlantic Richfield CompanyMethod for excavating a large diameter shaft into the earth and at least partially through an oil-bearing formation
US4691771A (en)1984-09-251987-09-08Worldenergy Systems, Inc.Recovery of oil by in-situ combustion followed by in-situ hydrogenation
US4616705A (en)1984-10-051986-10-14Shell Oil CompanyMini-well temperature profiling process
JPS61104582A (ja)1984-10-251986-05-22株式会社デンソーシ−ズヒ−タ
US4598770A (en)1984-10-251986-07-08Mobil Oil CorporationThermal recovery method for viscous oil
US4572299A (en)1984-10-301986-02-25Shell Oil CompanyHeater cable installation
US4669542A (en)1984-11-211987-06-02Mobil Oil CorporationSimultaneous recovery of crude from multiple zones in a reservoir
US4585066A (en)1984-11-301986-04-29Shell Oil CompanyWell treating process for installing a cable bundle containing strands of changing diameter
US4704514A (en)1985-01-111987-11-03Egmond Cor F VanHeating rate variant elongated electrical resistance heater
US4645906A (en)1985-03-041987-02-24Thermon Manufacturing CompanyReduced resistance skin effect heat generating system
US4785163A (en)1985-03-261988-11-15Raychem CorporationMethod for monitoring a heater
US4698583A (en)1985-03-261987-10-06Raychem CorporationMethod of monitoring a heater for faults
FI861646A7 (fi)1985-04-191986-10-20Raychem GmbhLämmityslaite.
US4671102A (en)1985-06-181987-06-09Shell Oil CompanyMethod and apparatus for determining distribution of fluids
US4626665A (en)1985-06-241986-12-02Shell Oil CompanyMetal oversheathed electrical resistance heater
US4623444A (en)1985-06-271986-11-18Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.Upgrading shale oil by a combination process
US4605489A (en)1985-06-271986-08-12Occidental Oil Shale, Inc.Upgrading shale oil by a combination process
US4741386A (en)*1985-07-171988-05-03Vertech Treatment Systems, Inc.Fluid treatment apparatus
US4662438A (en)1985-07-191987-05-05Uentech CorporationMethod and apparatus for enhancing liquid hydrocarbon production from a single borehole in a slowly producing formation by non-uniform heating through optimized electrode arrays surrounding the borehole
US4719423A (en)1985-08-131988-01-12Shell Oil CompanyNMR imaging of materials for transport properties
US4728892A (en)1985-08-131988-03-01Shell Oil CompanyNMR imaging of materials
US4662437A (en)1985-11-141987-05-05Atlantic Richfield CompanyElectrically stimulated well production system with flexible tubing conductor
CA1253555A (en)1985-11-211989-05-02Cornelis F.H. Van EgmondHeating rate variant elongated electrical resistance heater
US4662443A (en)1985-12-051987-05-05Amoco CorporationCombination air-blown and oxygen-blown underground coal gasification process
US4849611A (en)1985-12-161989-07-18Raychem CorporationSelf-regulating heater employing reactive components
US4730162A (en)1985-12-311988-03-08Shell Oil CompanyTime-domain induced polarization logging method and apparatus with gated amplification level
US4706751A (en)1986-01-311987-11-17S-Cal Research Corp.Heavy oil recovery process
US4694907A (en)1986-02-211987-09-22Carbotek, Inc.Thermally-enhanced oil recovery method and apparatus
US4640353A (en)1986-03-211987-02-03Atlantic Richfield CompanyElectrode well and method of completion
US4734115A (en)1986-03-241988-03-29Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.Low pressure process for C3+ liquids recovery from process product gas
US4651825A (en)1986-05-091987-03-24Atlantic Richfield CompanyEnhanced well production
US4814587A (en)*1986-06-101989-03-21Metcal, Inc.High power self-regulating heater
US4682652A (en)1986-06-301987-07-28Texaco Inc.Producing hydrocarbons through successively perforated intervals of a horizontal well between two vertical wells
US4893504A (en)1986-07-021990-01-16Shell Oil CompanyMethod for determining capillary pressure and relative permeability by imaging
US4769602A (en)1986-07-021988-09-06Shell Oil CompanyDetermining multiphase saturations by NMR imaging of multiple nuclides
US4716960A (en)1986-07-141988-01-05Production Technologies International, Inc.Method and system for introducing electric current into a well
US4818370A (en)1986-07-231989-04-04Cities Service Oil And Gas CorporationProcess for converting heavy crudes, tars, and bitumens to lighter products in the presence of brine at supercritical conditions
US4979296A (en)1986-07-251990-12-25Shell Oil CompanyMethod for fabricating helical flowline bundles
US4772634A (en)1986-07-311988-09-20Energy Research CorporationApparatus and method for methanol production using a fuel cell to regulate the gas composition entering the methanol synthesizer
US4744245A (en)1986-08-121988-05-17Atlantic Richfield CompanyAcoustic measurements in rock formations for determining fracture orientation
US4769606A (en)1986-09-301988-09-06Shell Oil CompanyInduced polarization method and apparatus for distinguishing dispersed and laminated clay in earth formations
US4983319A (en)1986-11-241991-01-08Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd.Preparation of low-viscosity improved stable crude oil transport emulsions
US5316664A (en)1986-11-241994-05-31Canadian Occidental Petroleum, Ltd.Process for recovery of hydrocarbons and rejection of sand
US5340467A (en)1986-11-241994-08-23Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd.Process for recovery of hydrocarbons and rejection of sand
CA1288043C (en)1986-12-151991-08-27Peter Van MeursConductively heating a subterranean oil shale to create permeabilityand subsequently produce oil
US4766958A (en)1987-01-121988-08-30Mobil Oil CorporationMethod of recovering viscous oil from reservoirs with multiple horizontal zones
JPS63112592U (zh)*1987-01-161988-07-20
US4756367A (en)1987-04-281988-07-12Amoco CorporationMethod for producing natural gas from a coal seam
US4817711A (en)1987-05-271989-04-04Jeambey Calhoun GSystem for recovery of petroleum from petroleum impregnated media
US4818371A (en)1987-06-051989-04-04Resource Technology AssociatesViscosity reduction by direct oxidative heating
US4787452A (en)1987-06-081988-11-29Mobil Oil CorporationDisposal of produced formation fines during oil recovery
US4821798A (en)1987-06-091989-04-18Ors Development CorporationHeating system for rathole oil well
US4884455A (en)1987-06-251989-12-05Shell Oil CompanyMethod for analysis of failure of material employing imaging
US4856341A (en)1987-06-251989-08-15Shell Oil CompanyApparatus for analysis of failure of material
US4827761A (en)1987-06-251989-05-09Shell Oil CompanySample holder
US4776638A (en)1987-07-131988-10-11University Of Kentucky Research FoundationMethod and apparatus for conversion of coal in situ
US4848924A (en)1987-08-191989-07-18The Babcock & Wilcox CompanyAcoustic pyrometer
US4828031A (en)1987-10-131989-05-09Chevron Research CompanyIn situ chemical stimulation of diatomite formations
US4762425A (en)1987-10-151988-08-09Parthasarathy ShakkottaiSystem for temperature profile measurement in large furnances and kilns and method therefor
US5306640A (en)1987-10-281994-04-26Shell Oil CompanyMethod for determining preselected properties of a crude oil
US4987368A (en)1987-11-051991-01-22Shell Oil CompanyNuclear magnetism logging tool using high-temperature superconducting squid detectors
US4808925A (en)1987-11-191989-02-28Halliburton CompanyThree magnet casing collar locator
US4852648A (en)*1987-12-041989-08-01Ava International CorporationWell installation in which electrical current is supplied for a source at the wellhead to an electrically responsive device located a substantial distance below the wellhead
US4817717A (en)*1987-12-281989-04-04Mobil Oil CorporationHydraulic fracturing with a refractory proppant for sand control
US4809780A (en)*1988-01-291989-03-07Chevron Research CompanyMethod for sealing thief zones with heat-sensitive fluids
US4823890A (en)1988-02-231989-04-25Longyear CompanyReverse circulation bit apparatus
US4866983A (en)1988-04-141989-09-19Shell Oil CompanyAnalytical methods and apparatus for measuring the oil content of sponge core
US4885080A (en)1988-05-251989-12-05Phillips Petroleum CompanyProcess for demetallizing and desulfurizing heavy crude oil
US5221422A (en)*1988-06-061993-06-22Digital Equipment CorporationLithographic technique using laser scanning for fabrication of electronic components and the like
JPH0218559A (ja)*1988-07-061990-01-22Fuji Photo Film Co Ltdハロゲン化銀カラー写真感光材料の処理方法
US4928765A (en)1988-09-271990-05-29Ramex Syn-Fuels InternationalMethod and apparatus for shale gas recovery
US4856587A (en)1988-10-271989-08-15Nielson Jay PRecovery of oil from oil-bearing formation by continually flowing pressurized heated gas through channel alongside matrix
US5064006A (en)1988-10-281991-11-12Magrange, IncDownhole combination tool
US5230387A (en)1988-10-281993-07-27Magrange, Inc.Downhole combination tool
US4848460A (en)1988-11-041989-07-18Western Research InstituteContained recovery of oily waste
US5065501A (en)1988-11-291991-11-19Amp IncorporatedGenerating electromagnetic fields in a self regulating temperature heater by positioning of a current return bus
US4859200A (en)1988-12-051989-08-22Baker Hughes IncorporatedDownhole electrical connector for submersible pump
US4974425A (en)1988-12-081990-12-04Concept Rkk, LimitedClosed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US4860544A (en)1988-12-081989-08-29Concept R.K.K. LimitedClosed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US5103920A (en)1989-03-011992-04-14Patton Consulting Inc.Surveying system and method for locating target subterranean bodies
CA2015318C (en)1990-04-241994-02-08Jack E. BridgesPower sources for downhole electrical heating
US4895206A (en)1989-03-161990-01-23Price Ernest HPulsed in situ exothermic shock wave and retorting process for hydrocarbon recovery and detoxification of selected wastes
US4913065A (en)1989-03-271990-04-03Indugas, Inc.In situ thermal waste disposal system
US4947672A (en)1989-04-031990-08-14Burndy CorporationHydraulic compression tool having an improved relief and release valve
NL8901138A (nl)1989-05-031990-12-03Nkf Kabel BvInsteekverbinding voor hoogspanningskunststofkabels.
US5059303A (en)1989-06-161991-10-22Amoco CorporationOil stabilization
DE3922612C2 (de)1989-07-101998-07-02Krupp Koppers GmbhVerfahren zur Erzeugung von Methanol-Synthesegas
US4982786A (en)1989-07-141991-01-08Mobil Oil CorporationUse of CO2 /steam to enhance floods in horizontal wellbores
US5050386A (en)1989-08-161991-09-24Rkk, LimitedMethod and apparatus for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US5097903A (en)1989-09-221992-03-24Jack C. SloanMethod for recovering intractable petroleum from subterranean formations
US5305239A (en)1989-10-041994-04-19The Texas A&M University SystemUltrasonic non-destructive evaluation of thin specimens
US4926941A (en)1989-10-101990-05-22Shell Oil CompanyMethod of producing tar sand deposits containing conductive layers
US5656239A (en)1989-10-271997-08-12Shell Oil CompanyMethod for recovering contaminants from soil utilizing electrical heating
US4984594A (en)1989-10-271991-01-15Shell Oil CompanyVacuum method for removing soil contamination utilizing surface electrical heating
US5082055A (en)1990-01-241992-01-21Indugas, Inc.Gas fired radiant tube heater
US5020596A (en)1990-01-241991-06-04Indugas, Inc.Enhanced oil recovery system with a radiant tube heater
US5011329A (en)1990-02-051991-04-30Hrubetz Exploration CompanyIn situ soil decontamination method and apparatus
CA2009782A1 (en)1990-02-121991-08-12Anoosh I. KiamaneshIn-situ tuned microwave oil extraction process
TW215446B (zh)1990-02-231993-11-01Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
US5027896A (en)1990-03-211991-07-02Anderson Leonard MMethod for in-situ recovery of energy raw material by the introduction of a water/oxygen slurry
GB9007147D0 (en)1990-03-301990-05-30Framo Dev LtdThermal mineral extraction system
CA2015460C (en)1990-04-261993-12-14Kenneth Edwin KismanProcess for confining steam injected into a heavy oil reservoir
US5126037A (en)1990-05-041992-06-30Union Oil Company Of CaliforniaGeopreater heating method and apparatus
US5040601A (en)1990-06-211991-08-20Baker Hughes IncorporatedHorizontal well bore system
US5201219A (en)1990-06-291993-04-13Amoco CorporationMethod and apparatus for measuring free hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons potential from whole core
US5252248A (en)*1990-07-241993-10-12Eaton CorporationProcess for preparing a base nitridable silicon-containing material
US5054551A (en)1990-08-031991-10-08Chevron Research And Technology CompanyIn-situ heated annulus refining process
US5060726A (en)1990-08-231991-10-29Shell Oil CompanyMethod and apparatus for producing tar sand deposits containing conductive layers having little or no vertical communication
US5046559A (en)1990-08-231991-09-10Shell Oil CompanyMethod and apparatus for producing hydrocarbon bearing deposits in formations having shale layers
BR9004240A (pt)1990-08-281992-03-24Petroleo Brasileiro SaProcesso de aquecimento eletrico de tubulacoes
US5085276A (en)1990-08-291992-02-04Chevron Research And Technology CompanyProduction of oil from low permeability formations by sequential steam fracturing
US5245161A (en)1990-08-311993-09-14Tokyo Kogyo Boyeki Shokai, Ltd.Electric heater
US5074365A (en)*1990-09-141991-12-24Vector Magnetics, Inc.Borehole guidance system having target wireline
US5066852A (en)1990-09-171991-11-19Teledyne Ind. Inc.Thermoplastic end seal for electric heating elements
US5207273A (en)1990-09-171993-05-04Production Technologies International Inc.Method and apparatus for pumping wells
US5182427A (en)1990-09-201993-01-26Metcal, Inc.Self-regulating heater utilizing ferrite-type body
JPH04272680A (ja)1990-09-201992-09-29Thermon Mfg Coスイッチ制御形ゾーン式加熱ケーブル及びその組み立て方法
US5517593A (en)1990-10-011996-05-14John NennigerControl system for well stimulation apparatus with response time temperature rise used in determining heater control temperature setpoint
US5400430A (en)*1990-10-011995-03-21Nenniger; John E.Method for injection well stimulation
US5247994A (en)1990-10-011993-09-28Nenniger John EMethod of stimulating oil wells
US5408047A (en)1990-10-251995-04-18Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyTransition joint for oil-filled cables
US5065818A (en)1991-01-071991-11-19Shell Oil CompanySubterranean heaters
US5217076A (en)1990-12-041993-06-08Masek John AMethod and apparatus for improved recovery of oil from porous, subsurface deposits (targevcir oricess)
US5060287A (en)1990-12-041991-10-22Shell Oil CompanyHeater utilizing copper-nickel alloy core
US5190405A (en)1990-12-141993-03-02Shell Oil CompanyVacuum method for removing soil contaminants utilizing thermal conduction heating
US5667008A (en)1991-02-061997-09-16Quick Connectors, Inc.Seal electrical conductor arrangement for use with a well bore in hazardous areas
US5289882A (en)1991-02-061994-03-01Boyd B. MooreSealed electrical conductor method and arrangement for use with a well bore in hazardous areas
US5732771A (en)*1991-02-061998-03-31Moore; Boyd B.Protective sheath for protecting and separating a plurality of insulated cable conductors for an underground well
US5261490A (en)1991-03-181993-11-16Nkk CorporationMethod for dumping and disposing of carbon dioxide gas and apparatus therefor
US5230386A (en)1991-06-141993-07-27Baker Hughes IncorporatedMethod for drilling directional wells
EP0519573B1 (en)1991-06-211995-04-12Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V.Hydrogenation catalyst and process
IT1248535B (it)1991-06-241995-01-19Cise SpaSistema per misurare il tempo di trasferimento di un'onda sonora
US5189283A (en)1991-08-281993-02-23Shell Oil CompanyCurrent to power crossover heater control
US5168927A (en)1991-09-101992-12-08Shell Oil CompanyMethod utilizing spot tracer injection and production induced transport for measurement of residual oil saturation
US5347070A (en)1991-11-131994-09-13Battelle Pacific Northwest LabsTreating of solid earthen material and a method for measuring moisture content and resistivity of solid earthen material
US5349859A (en)1991-11-151994-09-27Scientific Engineering Instruments, Inc.Method and apparatus for measuring acoustic wave velocity using impulse response
DE69209466T2 (de)1991-12-161996-08-14Inst Francais Du PetrolAktive oder passive Überwachungsanordnung für unterirdische Lagerstätte mittels fester Stationen
CA2058255C (en)1991-12-201997-02-11Roland P. LeauteRecovery and upgrading of hydrocarbons utilizing in situ combustion and horizontal wells
US5420402A (en)1992-02-051995-05-30Iit Research InstituteMethods and apparatus to confine earth currents for recovery of subsurface volatiles and semi-volatiles
US5211230A (en)1992-02-211993-05-18Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for enhanced oil recovery through a horizontal production well in a subsurface formation by in-situ combustion
FI92441C (fi)1992-04-011994-11-10Vaisala OySähköinen impedanssianturi fysikaalisten suureiden, etenkin lämpötilan mittaamiseksi ja menetelmä kyseisen anturin valmistamiseksi
GB9207174D0 (en)1992-04-011992-05-13Raychem Sa NvMethod of forming an electrical connection
US5332036A (en)1992-05-151994-07-26The Boc Group, Inc.Method of recovery of natural gases from underground coal formations
MY108830A (en)1992-06-091996-11-30Shell Int ResearchMethod of completing an uncased section of a borehole
US5297626A (en)1992-06-121994-03-29Shell Oil CompanyOil recovery process
US5255742A (en)1992-06-121993-10-26Shell Oil CompanyHeat injection process
US5226961A (en)1992-06-121993-07-13Shell Oil CompanyHigh temperature wellbore cement slurry
US5392854A (en)1992-06-121995-02-28Shell Oil CompanyOil recovery process
US5236039A (en)1992-06-171993-08-17General Electric CompanyBalanced-line RF electrode system for use in RF ground heating to recover oil from oil shale
US5295763A (en)1992-06-301994-03-22Chambers Development Co., Inc.Method for controlling gas migration from a landfill
US5315065A (en)1992-08-211994-05-24Donovan James P OVersatile electrically insulating waterproof connectors
US5305829A (en)1992-09-251994-04-26Chevron Research And Technology CompanyOil production from diatomite formations by fracture steamdrive
US5229583A (en)1992-09-281993-07-20Shell Oil CompanySurface heating blanket for soil remediation
US5339904A (en)1992-12-101994-08-23Mobil Oil CorporationOil recovery optimization using a well having both horizontal and vertical sections
CA2096034C (en)1993-05-071996-07-02Kenneth Edwin KismanHorizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery
US5360067A (en)1993-05-171994-11-01Meo Iii DominicVapor-extraction system for removing hydrocarbons from soil
SE503278C2 (sv)1993-06-071996-05-13Kabeldon AbFörfarande vid skarvning av två kabelparter, samt skarvkropp och monteringsverktyg för användning vid förfarandet
WO1995006093A1 (en)1993-08-201995-03-02Technological Resources Pty. Ltd.Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery method
US5377756A (en)1993-10-281995-01-03Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for producing low permeability reservoirs using a single well
US5388645A (en)1993-11-031995-02-14Amoco CorporationMethod for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388643A (en)1993-11-031995-02-14Amoco CorporationCoalbed methane recovery using pressure swing adsorption separation
US5566755A (en)1993-11-031996-10-22Amoco CorporationMethod for recovering methane from a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5388640A (en)1993-11-031995-02-14Amoco CorporationMethod for producing methane-containing gaseous mixtures
US5388641A (en)1993-11-031995-02-14Amoco CorporationMethod for reducing the inert gas fraction in methane-containing gaseous mixtures obtained from underground formations
US5388642A (en)1993-11-031995-02-14Amoco CorporationCoalbed methane recovery using membrane separation of oxygen from air
NO178386C (no)1993-11-231996-03-13Statoil AsTransduser-anordning
US5411086A (en)1993-12-091995-05-02Mobil Oil CorporationOil recovery by enhanced imbitition in low permeability reservoirs
US5435666A (en)1993-12-141995-07-25Environmental Resources Management, Inc.Methods for isolating a water table and for soil remediation
US5404952A (en)1993-12-201995-04-11Shell Oil CompanyHeat injection process and apparatus
US5411089A (en)1993-12-201995-05-02Shell Oil CompanyHeat injection process
US5433271A (en)1993-12-201995-07-18Shell Oil CompanyHeat injection process
US5541517A (en)1994-01-131996-07-30Shell Oil CompanyMethod for drilling a borehole from one cased borehole to another cased borehole
US5411104A (en)1994-02-161995-05-02Conoco Inc.Coalbed methane drilling
CA2144597C (en)1994-03-181999-08-10Paul J. LatimerImproved emat probe and technique for weld inspection
US5415231A (en)1994-03-211995-05-16Mobil Oil CorporationMethod for producing low permeability reservoirs using steam
US5439054A (en)1994-04-011995-08-08Amoco CorporationMethod for treating a mixture of gaseous fluids within a solid carbonaceous subterranean formation
US5553478A (en)1994-04-081996-09-10Burndy CorporationHand-held compression tool
US5431224A (en)1994-04-191995-07-11Mobil Oil CorporationMethod of thermal stimulation for recovery of hydrocarbons
US5409071A (en)1994-05-231995-04-25Shell Oil CompanyMethod to cement a wellbore
WO1996002831A1 (en)1994-07-181996-02-01The Babcock & Wilcox CompanySensor transport system for flash butt welder
US5632336A (en)1994-07-281997-05-27Texaco Inc.Method for improving injectivity of fluids in oil reservoirs
US5525322A (en)1994-10-121996-06-11The Regents Of The University Of CaliforniaMethod for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons
US5553189A (en)1994-10-181996-09-03Shell Oil CompanyRadiant plate heater for treatment of contaminated surfaces
US5497087A (en)1994-10-201996-03-05Shell Oil CompanyNMR logging of natural gas reservoirs
US5624188A (en)1994-10-201997-04-29West; David A.Acoustic thermometer
US5498960A (en)1994-10-201996-03-12Shell Oil CompanyNMR logging of natural gas in reservoirs
US5554453A (en)1995-01-041996-09-10Energy Research CorporationCarbonate fuel cell system with thermally integrated gasification
US6088294A (en)1995-01-122000-07-11Baker Hughes IncorporatedDrilling system with an acoustic measurement-while-driving system for determining parameters of interest and controlling the drilling direction
AU4700496A (en)1995-01-121996-07-31Baker Hughes IncorporatedA measurement-while-drilling acoustic system employing multiple, segmented transmitters and receivers
DE19505517A1 (de)1995-02-101996-08-14Siegfried SchwertVerfahren zum Herausziehen eines im Erdreich verlegten Rohres
US5621844A (en)1995-03-011997-04-15Uentech CorporationElectrical heating of mineral well deposits using downhole impedance transformation networks
CA2152521C (en)1995-03-012000-06-20Jack E. BridgesLow flux leakage cables and cable terminations for a.c. electrical heating of oil deposits
US5935421A (en)1995-05-021999-08-10Exxon Research And Engineering CompanyContinuous in-situ combination process for upgrading heavy oil
US5911898A (en)1995-05-251999-06-15Electric Power Research InstituteMethod and apparatus for providing multiple autoregulated temperatures
US5571403A (en)1995-06-061996-11-05Texaco Inc.Process for extracting hydrocarbons from diatomite
AU3721295A (en)1995-06-201997-01-22Elan EnergyInsulated and/or concentric coiled tubing
US5730550A (en)1995-08-151998-03-24Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State UniversityMethod for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ
US5669275A (en)1995-08-181997-09-23Mills; Edward OtisConductor insulation remover
US5801332A (en)1995-08-311998-09-01Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing CompanyElastically recoverable silicone splice cover
US5899958A (en)1995-09-111999-05-04Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Logging while drilling borehole imaging and dipmeter device
US5647435A (en)*1995-09-251997-07-15Pes, Inc.Containment of downhole electronic systems
US5759022A (en)1995-10-161998-06-02Gas Research InstituteMethod and system for reducing NOx and fuel emissions in a furnace
US5619611A (en)1995-12-121997-04-08Tub Tauch-Und Baggertechnik GmbhDevice for removing downhole deposits utilizing tubular housing and passing electric current through fluid heating medium contained therein
GB9526120D0 (en)1995-12-211996-02-21Raychem Sa NvElectrical connector
TR199900452T2 (xx)1995-12-271999-07-21Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Alevsiz yak�c�.
TR199801221T2 (xx)*1995-12-271998-10-21Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Alevsiz yak�c�
US5751895A (en)1996-02-131998-05-12Eor International, Inc.Selective excitation of heating electrodes for oil wells
US5826655A (en)1996-04-251998-10-27Texaco IncMethod for enhanced recovery of viscous oil deposits
US5652389A (en)1996-05-221997-07-29The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of CommerceNon-contact method and apparatus for inspection of inertia welds
CA2177726C (en)*1996-05-292000-06-27Theodore WildiLow-voltage and low flux density heating system
US5769569A (en)1996-06-181998-06-23Southern California Gas CompanyIn-situ thermal desorption of heavy hydrocarbons in vadose zone
US5828797A (en)1996-06-191998-10-27Meggitt Avionics, Inc.Fiber optic linked flame sensor
AU740616B2 (en)1996-06-212001-11-08Syntroleum CorporationSynthesis gas production system and method
PE17599A1 (es)1996-07-091999-02-22Syntroleum CorpProcedimiento para convertir gases a liquidos
SE507262C2 (sv)1996-10-031998-05-04Per KarlssonDragavlastning samt verktyg för applicering därav
US5782301A (en)*1996-10-091998-07-21Baker Hughes IncorporatedOil well heater cable
US6079499A (en)1996-10-152000-06-27Shell Oil CompanyHeater well method and apparatus
US6056057A (en)1996-10-152000-05-02Shell Oil CompanyHeater well method and apparatus
US5861137A (en)1996-10-301999-01-19Edlund; David J.Steam reformer with internal hydrogen purification
US5862858A (en)1996-12-261999-01-26Shell Oil CompanyFlameless combustor
US6427124B1 (en)1997-01-242002-07-30Baker Hughes IncorporatedSemblance processing for an acoustic measurement-while-drilling system for imaging of formation boundaries
US6039121A (en)1997-02-202000-03-21Rangewest Technologies Ltd.Enhanced lift method and apparatus for the production of hydrocarbons
GB9704181D0 (en)1997-02-281997-04-16Thompson JamesApparatus and method for installation of ducts
US5926437A (en)1997-04-081999-07-20Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Method and apparatus for seismic exploration
GB2362463B (en)1997-05-022002-01-23Baker Hughes IncA system for determining an acoustic property of a subsurface formation
WO1998050179A1 (en)1997-05-071998-11-12Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Remediation method
US6023554A (en)1997-05-202000-02-08Shell Oil CompanyElectrical heater
JP4399033B2 (ja)1997-06-052010-01-13シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ補修方法
US6102122A (en)1997-06-112000-08-15Shell Oil CompanyControl of heat injection based on temperature and in-situ stress measurement
US6112808A (en)1997-09-192000-09-05Isted; Robert EdwardMethod and apparatus for subterranean thermal conditioning
US5984010A (en)1997-06-231999-11-16Elias; RamonHydrocarbon recovery systems and methods
CA2208767A1 (en)1997-06-261998-12-26Reginald D. HumphreysTar sands extraction process
WO1999001640A1 (en)1997-07-011999-01-14Alexandr Petrovich LinetskyMethod for exploiting gas and oil fields and for increasing gas and crude oil output
US5868202A (en)1997-09-221999-02-09Tarim Associates For Scientific Mineral And Oil Exploration AgHydrologic cells for recovery of hydrocarbons or thermal energy from coal, oil-shale, tar-sands and oil-bearing formations
US6354373B1 (en)1997-11-262002-03-12Schlumberger Technology CorporationExpandable tubing for a well bore hole and method of expanding
US6152987A (en)1997-12-152000-11-28Worcester Polytechnic InstituteHydrogen gas-extraction module and method of fabrication
US6094048A (en)1997-12-182000-07-25Shell Oil CompanyNMR logging of natural gas reservoirs
NO305720B1 (no)1997-12-221999-07-12Eureka Oil AsaFremgangsmÕte for Õ °ke oljeproduksjonen fra et oljereservoar
US6026914A (en)1998-01-282000-02-22Alberta Oil Sands Technology And Research AuthorityWellbore profiling system
MA24902A1 (fr)1998-03-062000-04-01Shell Int ResearchRechauffeur electrique
US6540018B1 (en)1998-03-062003-04-01Shell Oil CompanyMethod and apparatus for heating a wellbore
US6035701A (en)1998-04-152000-03-14Lowry; William E.Method and system to locate leaks in subsurface containment structures using tracer gases
WO1999059002A2 (en)1998-05-121999-11-18Lockheed Martin CorporationSystem and process for optimizing gravity gradiometer measurements
US6263965B1 (en)*1998-05-272001-07-24Tecmark InternationalMultiple drain method for recovering oil from tar sand
US6016868A (en)1998-06-242000-01-25World Energy Systems, IncorporatedProduction of synthetic crude oil from heavy hydrocarbons recovered by in situ hydrovisbreaking
US6016867A (en)1998-06-242000-01-25World Energy Systems, IncorporatedUpgrading and recovery of heavy crude oils and natural bitumens by in situ hydrovisbreaking
US6130398A (en)*1998-07-092000-10-10Illinois Tool Works Inc.Plasma cutter for auxiliary power output of a power source
US6388947B1 (en)1998-09-142002-05-14Tomoseis, Inc.Multi-crosswell profile 3D imaging and method
NO984235L (no)1998-09-142000-03-15Cit AlcatelOppvarmingssystem for metallrør for rõoljetransport
AU761606B2 (en)1998-09-252003-06-05Errol A. SonnierSystem, apparatus, and method for installing control lines in a well
US6192748B1 (en)1998-10-302001-02-27Computalog LimitedDynamic orienting reference system for directional drilling
US5968349A (en)1998-11-161999-10-19Bhp Minerals International Inc.Extraction of bitumen from bitumen froth and biotreatment of bitumen froth tailings generated from tar sands
US6988566B2 (en)2002-02-192006-01-24Cdx Gas, LlcAcoustic position measurement system for well bore formation
US20040035582A1 (en)2002-08-222004-02-26Zupanick Joseph A.System and method for subterranean access
US6078868A (en)1999-01-212000-06-20Baker Hughes IncorporatedReference signal encoding for seismic while drilling measurement
US6155117A (en)1999-03-182000-12-05Mcdermott Technology, Inc.Edge detection and seam tracking with EMATs
US6110358A (en)1999-05-212000-08-29Exxon Research And Engineering CompanyProcess for manufacturing improved process oils using extraction of hydrotreated distillates
JP2000340350A (ja)1999-05-282000-12-08Kyocera Corp窒化ケイ素製セラミックヒータおよびその製造方法
US6269310B1 (en)1999-08-252001-07-31Tomoseis CorporationSystem for eliminating headwaves in a tomographic process
US6193010B1 (en)1999-10-062001-02-27Tomoseis CorporationSystem for generating a seismic signal in a borehole
US6196350B1 (en)1999-10-062001-03-06Tomoseis CorporationApparatus and method for attenuating tube waves in a borehole
DE19948819C2 (de)1999-10-092002-01-24Airbus GmbhHeizleiter mit einem Anschlußelement und/oder einem Abschlußelement sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
US6288372B1 (en)1999-11-032001-09-11Tyco Electronics CorporationElectric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection
US6353706B1 (en)1999-11-182002-03-05Uentech International CorporationOptimum oil-well casing heating
US6422318B1 (en)1999-12-172002-07-23Scioto County Regional Water District #1Horizontal well system
US6452105B2 (en)2000-01-122002-09-17Meggitt Safety Systems, Inc.Coaxial cable assembly with a discontinuous outer jacket
US6633236B2 (en)2000-01-242003-10-14Shell Oil CompanyPermanent downhole, wireless, two-way telemetry backbone using redundant repeaters
US6679332B2 (en)2000-01-242004-01-20Shell Oil CompanyPetroleum well having downhole sensors, communication and power
US6715550B2 (en)2000-01-242004-04-06Shell Oil CompanyControllable gas-lift well and valve
US20020036085A1 (en)2000-01-242002-03-28Bass Ronald MarshallToroidal choke inductor for wireless communication and control
US7259688B2 (en)2000-01-242007-08-21Shell Oil CompanyWireless reservoir production control
MXPA02007407A (es)2000-02-012003-09-05Texaco Development CorpIntegracion de reactores de desciacion e hidrotratadores.
EG22420A (en)2000-03-022003-01-29Shell Int ResearchUse of downhole high pressure gas in a gas - lift well
US7170424B2 (en)2000-03-022007-01-30Shell Oil CompanyOil well casting electrical power pick-off points
RU2258805C2 (ru)2000-03-022005-08-20Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В.Система для нагнетания химических реагентов в скважину, нефтяная скважина для добычи нефтепродуктов (варианты) и способ управления нефтяной скважиной
US6357526B1 (en)2000-03-162002-03-19Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc.Field upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen
US6485232B1 (en)2000-04-142002-11-26Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas SystemLow cost, self regulating heater for use in an in situ thermal desorption soil remediation system
US6632047B2 (en)2000-04-142003-10-14Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas SystemHeater element for use in an in situ thermal desorption soil remediation system
US6918444B2 (en)2000-04-192005-07-19Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethod for production of hydrocarbons from organic-rich rock
GB0009662D0 (en)2000-04-202000-06-07Scotoil Group PlcGas and oil production
US6588504B2 (en)2000-04-242003-07-08Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation to produce nitrogen and/or sulfur containing formation fluids
US20030066642A1 (en)2000-04-242003-04-10Wellington Scott LeeIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation producing a mixture with oxygenated hydrocarbons
US7011154B2 (en)2000-04-242006-03-14Shell Oil CompanyIn situ recovery from a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation
US20030075318A1 (en)2000-04-242003-04-24Keedy Charles RobertIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation using substantially parallel formed wellbores
US20030085034A1 (en)2000-04-242003-05-08Wellington Scott LeeIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation to produce pyrolsis products
DE60115873T2 (de)*2000-04-242006-08-17Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Verfahren zur behandlung von erdöllagerstätten
AU5836701A (en)2000-04-242001-11-07Shell Int ResearchIn situ recovery of hydrocarbons from a kerogen-containing formation
US6698515B2 (en)2000-04-242004-03-02Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a relatively slow heating rate
US6715548B2 (en)2000-04-242004-04-06Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce nitrogen containing formation fluids
US6715546B2 (en)2000-04-242004-04-06Shell Oil CompanyIn situ production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing formation through a heat source wellbore
US7096953B2 (en)2000-04-242006-08-29Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a movable heating element
US6584406B1 (en)2000-06-152003-06-24Geo-X Systems, Ltd.Downhole process control method utilizing seismic communication
AU2002246492A1 (en)2000-06-292002-07-30Paulo S. TubelMethod and system for monitoring smart structures utilizing distributed optical sensors
US6585046B2 (en)2000-08-282003-07-01Baker Hughes IncorporatedLive well heater cable
US6412559B1 (en)2000-11-242002-07-02Alberta Research Council Inc.Process for recovering methane and/or sequestering fluids
US20020112987A1 (en)2000-12-152002-08-22Zhiguo HouSlurry hydroprocessing for heavy oil upgrading using supported slurry catalysts
US20020112890A1 (en)2001-01-222002-08-22Wentworth Steven W.Conduit pulling apparatus and method for use in horizontal drilling
US20020153141A1 (en)2001-04-192002-10-24Hartman Michael G.Method for pumping fluids
US6536349B2 (en)*2001-03-212003-03-25Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Explosive system for casing damage repair
US7096942B1 (en)2001-04-242006-08-29Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a relatively permeable formation while controlling pressure
US20030079877A1 (en)2001-04-242003-05-01Wellington Scott LeeIn situ thermal processing of a relatively impermeable formation in a reducing environment
US6929067B2 (en)2001-04-242005-08-16Shell Oil CompanyHeat sources with conductive material for in situ thermal processing of an oil shale formation
EA009350B1 (ru)2001-04-242007-12-28Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В.Способ обработки углеводородсодержащих подземных песчаных пластов, пропитанных дегтем, и смешивающий агент
US20030029617A1 (en)2001-08-092003-02-13Anadarko Petroleum CompanyApparatus, method and system for single well solution-mining
US6695062B2 (en)2001-08-272004-02-24Baker Hughes IncorporatedHeater cable and method for manufacturing
US6886638B2 (en)2001-10-032005-05-03Schlumbergr Technology CorporationField weldable connections
US6681859B2 (en)*2001-10-222004-01-27William L. HillDownhole oil and gas well heating system and method
US7104319B2 (en)2001-10-242006-09-12Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a heavy oil diatomite formation
US7090013B2 (en)2001-10-242006-08-15Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce heated fluids
US7077199B2 (en)2001-10-242006-07-18Shell Oil CompanyIn situ thermal processing of an oil reservoir formation
US7165615B2 (en)2001-10-242007-01-23Shell Oil CompanyIn situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation using conductor-in-conduit heat sources with an electrically conductive material in the overburden
US6969123B2 (en)2001-10-242005-11-29Shell Oil CompanyUpgrading and mining of coal
AU2002360301B2 (en)2001-10-242007-11-29Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.In situ thermal processing and upgrading of produced hydrocarbons
US6736222B2 (en)2001-11-052004-05-18Vector Magnetics, LlcRelative drill bit direction measurement
JP2005528778A (ja)*2001-12-142005-09-22コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ光学読み出しデバイス
US6679326B2 (en)2002-01-152004-01-20Bohdan ZakiewiczPro-ecological mining system
US6684948B1 (en)2002-01-152004-02-03Marshall T. SavageApparatus and method for heating subterranean formations using fuel cells
AU2003201560B2 (en)2002-01-172008-09-04Presssol Ltd.Two string drilling system
US6854534B2 (en)2002-01-222005-02-15James I. LivingstoneTwo string drilling system using coil tubing
US6958195B2 (en)2002-02-192005-10-25Utc Fuel Cells, LlcSteam generator for a PEM fuel cell power plant
EP1509679A1 (en)2002-05-312005-03-02Sensor Highway LimitedParameter sensing apparatus and method for subterranean wells
WO2004009952A1 (en)2002-07-192004-01-29Presssol Ltd.Reverse circulation clean out system for low pressure gas wells
CN2559784Y (zh)*2002-08-142003-07-09大庆油田有限责任公司热水循环拌热式井口控制器
WO2004018827A1 (en)2002-08-212004-03-04Presssol Ltd.Reverse circulation directional and horizontal drilling using concentric drill string
AU2003285008B2 (en)2002-10-242007-12-13Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation
JP2004272494A (ja)2003-03-072004-09-30Canon Incネットワークデバイス管理装置
WO2004097159A2 (en)2003-04-242004-11-11Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.Thermal processes for subsurface formations
WO2005010320A1 (en)2003-06-242005-02-03Exxonmobil Upstream Research CompanyMethods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
WO2005061967A1 (en)*2003-07-072005-07-07Carr Michael Ray SrIn line oil field or pipeline heating element
US6881897B2 (en)2003-07-102005-04-19Yazaki CorporationShielding structure of shielding electric wire
JP2006211902A (ja)2003-07-292006-08-17Mitsubishi Chemicals Corpアミノ酸選択的標識化蛋白質合成方法
US7337841B2 (en)2004-03-242008-03-04Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Casing comprising stress-absorbing materials and associated methods of use
ATE392534T1 (de)2004-04-232008-05-15Shell Int ResearchVerhinderung von rücklauf in einer beheizten senkung eines in-situ-umwandlungssystems
DE602006013437D1 (de)2005-04-222010-05-20Shell Int ResearchEinen nicht ferromagnetischen leiter verwendende temperaturbegrenzte heizvorrichtung
US7500528B2 (en)2005-04-222009-03-10Shell Oil CompanyLow temperature barrier wellbores formed using water flushing
KR101434259B1 (ko)2005-10-242014-08-27쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이.탄화수소 함유 지층을 처리하기 위한 병합 발생 시스템 및방법
JP4298709B2 (ja)2006-01-262009-07-22矢崎総業株式会社シールド電線の端末処理方法および端末処理装置
WO2007098370A2 (en)2006-02-162007-08-30Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Kerogen extraction from subterranean oil shale resources
EP2010755A4 (en)2006-04-212016-02-24Shell Int Research TIME-SEQUENCED WARMING OF MULTIPLE LAYERS IN A CARBON DIOXIDE
US7622677B2 (en)2006-09-262009-11-24Accutru International CorporationMineral insulated metal sheathed cable connector and method of forming the connector
GB2461362A (en)2006-10-202010-01-06Shell Int ResearchSystems and processes for use in treating subsurface formations
JP5396268B2 (ja)2007-03-282014-01-22ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社半導体装置
CN101688442B (zh)2007-04-202014-07-09国际壳牌研究有限公司作为加热地下地层的传热流体的熔融盐
EP2361343A1 (en)2008-10-132011-08-31Shell Oil CompanyUsing self-regulating nuclear reactors in treating a subsurface formation
WO2010118315A1 (en)2009-04-102010-10-14Shell Oil CompanyTreatment methodologies for subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
CN102428252B (zh)2009-05-152015-07-15美国页岩油有限责任公司用于从页岩原位提取油的方法和系统
US8257112B2 (en)2009-10-092012-09-04Shell Oil CompanyPress-fit coupling joint for joining insulated conductors

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
CN110344797A (zh)*2019-07-102019-10-18西南石油大学一种井下高温可控的电加热装置和方法
CN118499602A (zh)*2024-07-162024-08-16无锡市环球电器装备有限公司一种集肤陶瓷热管
CN118499602B (zh)*2024-07-162024-11-12无锡市环球电器装备有限公司一种集肤陶瓷热管

Also Published As

Publication numberPublication date
US20050269090A1 (en)2005-12-08
AU2005238948B2 (en)2009-01-15
US7481274B2 (en)2009-01-27
US20050269313A1 (en)2005-12-08
CA2563592A1 (en)2005-11-10
US20060005968A1 (en)2006-01-12
DE602005016096D1 (de)2009-10-01
US7424915B2 (en)2008-09-16
EP1738056B1 (en)2009-08-19
CN1946918B (zh)2010-11-03
EA011007B1 (ru)2008-12-30
DE602005011115D1 (de)2009-01-02
AU2005238948A1 (en)2005-11-10
US20050269089A1 (en)2005-12-08
CA2563525C (en)2012-07-17
IL178468A0 (en)2007-02-11
CA2579496A1 (en)2005-11-03
ZA200608171B (en)2008-05-28
WO2005106195A1 (en)2005-11-10
DE602005006114T2 (de)2009-05-20
ZA200608170B (en)2008-05-28
CA2563583A1 (en)2005-11-10
AU2005238943A1 (en)2005-11-10
WO2005106193A1 (en)2005-11-10
NZ550446A (en)2010-02-26
EP1738054B1 (en)2008-04-16
CA2564515C (en)2013-06-18
ATE440205T1 (de)2009-09-15
WO2005106191A1 (en)2005-11-10
AU2005238941B2 (en)2008-11-13
US7353872B2 (en)2008-04-08
WO2005103445A1 (en)2005-11-03
US20050269091A1 (en)2005-12-08
EP1738052B1 (en)2008-04-16
IL178467A (en)2011-06-30
US7490665B2 (en)2009-02-17
EA010678B1 (ru)2008-10-30
US8355623B2 (en)2013-01-15
ATE392534T1 (de)2008-05-15
CA2563585C (en)2013-06-18
CN1954131B (zh)2012-02-08
CN1946917B (zh)2012-05-30
JP4806398B2 (ja)2011-11-02
JP4794550B2 (ja)2011-10-19
EP1738058B1 (en)2008-04-16
US7383877B2 (en)2008-06-10
NZ550442A (en)2010-01-29
NZ550443A (en)2010-02-26
EP1738055A1 (en)2007-01-03
CN1946917A (zh)2007-04-11
CA2563525A1 (en)2005-11-03
NZ550504A (en)2008-10-31
IL178468A (en)2012-12-31
AU2005236069A1 (en)2005-11-03
EP1738057A1 (en)2007-01-03
WO2005106196A1 (en)2005-11-10
DE602005006116T2 (de)2009-05-07
EP1738056A1 (en)2007-01-03
MXPA06011956A (es)2006-12-15
US7320364B2 (en)2008-01-22
NZ550444A (en)2009-12-24
CA2563589C (en)2012-06-26
US20050269092A1 (en)2005-12-08
ATE414840T1 (de)2008-12-15
US20060289536A1 (en)2006-12-28
AU2005238942B2 (en)2008-09-04
EP1738057B1 (en)2009-03-25
CN101107420B (zh)2013-07-24
CN1946919B (zh)2011-11-16
AU2005238944A1 (en)2005-11-10
CN1957158A (zh)2007-05-02
ZA200608261B (en)2008-07-30
US20050269093A1 (en)2005-12-08
US7510000B2 (en)2009-03-31
WO2005103444A1 (en)2005-11-03
ATE392536T1 (de)2008-05-15
JP2007535100A (ja)2007-11-29
US20050269077A1 (en)2005-12-08
EP1738058A1 (en)2007-01-03
AU2005236069B2 (en)2008-08-07
JP2007534864A (ja)2007-11-29
AU2005238941A1 (en)2005-11-10
IL178467A0 (en)2007-02-11
DE602005006115T2 (de)2009-05-07
AU2005236490B2 (en)2009-01-29
EA200601956A1 (ru)2007-04-27
NZ550505A (en)2008-12-24
EP1738054A1 (en)2007-01-03
DE602005006115D1 (de)2008-05-29
DE602005006116D1 (de)2008-05-29
CA2563589A1 (en)2005-11-10
US20140231070A1 (en)2014-08-21
EP1738053A1 (en)2007-01-03
US20130206748A1 (en)2013-08-15
CN1946919A (zh)2007-04-11
US7431076B2 (en)2008-10-07
CA2563592C (en)2013-10-08
ZA200608172B (en)2007-12-27
CN1985068A (zh)2007-06-20
AU2005236490A1 (en)2005-11-03
MXPA06011960A (es)2006-12-15
US7370704B2 (en)2008-05-13
EA200601955A1 (ru)2007-04-27
US20050269095A1 (en)2005-12-08
US20050269088A1 (en)2005-12-08
CN101107420A (zh)2008-01-16
CA2563585A1 (en)2005-11-10
DE602005013506D1 (de)2009-05-07
AU2005238943B2 (en)2009-01-08
AU2005238942A1 (en)2005-11-10
CA2564515A1 (en)2005-11-10
US7357180B2 (en)2008-04-15
ZA200608169B (en)2008-07-30
CN1946918A (zh)2007-04-11
EP1738052A1 (en)2007-01-03
WO2005106194A1 (en)2005-11-10
EP1738055B1 (en)2008-11-19
ATE392535T1 (de)2008-05-15
AU2005238944B2 (en)2008-10-23
ATE426731T1 (de)2009-04-15
CA2563583C (en)2013-06-18
ZA200608260B (en)2007-12-27
US20050269094A1 (en)2005-12-08
CN1957158B (zh)2010-12-29
DE602005006114D1 (de)2008-05-29
NZ550506A (en)2008-11-28

Similar Documents

PublicationPublication DateTitle
CN1954131B (zh)使用氮化物绝缘的地下电加热器
CN101163859B (zh)利用井眼在地层的至少两个区域中的现场转化处理系统
CN104011327B (zh)利用地下地层中的绝缘导线的介电性能来确定绝缘导线的性能
CN103987915B (zh)用于绝缘导线的一体式接合头
CN102612640B (zh)用于估定地下地层中温度的方法
CN103946476A (zh)在热处理后应用最后减小步骤形成绝缘导体
CN101454536A (zh)利用铁磁材料相变的限温加热器
CN102884279B (zh)用于加热地下地层的加热器和用于加热地下地层的方法

Legal Events

DateCodeTitleDescription
C06Publication
PB01Publication
C10Entry into substantive examination
SE01Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14Grant of patent or utility model
GR01Patent grant
C17Cessation of patent right
CF01Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date:20120208

Termination date:20130422


[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp