CN1948865A - Combined driving air conditioning system by proton exchange film fuel battery and internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种质子交换膜燃料电池－内燃机联合驱动空调系统，由燃料极压缩机、燃料极换热器、质子交换膜燃料电池、内燃机、燃气空调机、驱动器、电动机、空气极换热器、空气极压缩机等设备构成。系统燃料为氢气，利用氢气和空气在燃料电池中发生电化学反应，产生电能，驱动大巴，未完全反应的氢气进入内燃机中燃烧，产生的机械能为大巴提供部分动力，同时产生的燃气通过燃气空调机为大巴提供热风/冷风。本发明采用燃料电池和内燃机共同工作，具有高效、无污染的工作特性，因热电综合效率的提高，使燃料使用量可以减少50％以上。

The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined drive air conditioning system, which consists of a fuel electrode compressor, a fuel electrode heat exchanger, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an internal combustion engine, a gas air conditioner, a driver, an electric motor, and an air electrode heat exchanger , air compressor and other equipment. The fuel of the system is hydrogen, which uses hydrogen and air to undergo an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell to generate electricity to drive the bus. The incompletely reacted hydrogen enters the internal combustion engine for combustion, and the mechanical energy generated provides part of the power for the bus. At the same time, the gas generated passes through the gas air conditioner. The machine provides hot/cold air for the bus. The invention adopts the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine to work together, has high-efficiency and non-polluting working characteristics, and can reduce fuel consumption by more than 50% due to the improvement of thermoelectric comprehensive efficiency.

Description

Translated fromChinese

质子交换膜燃料电池—内燃机联合驱动空调系统Proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined drive air conditioning system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种质子交换膜燃料电池—内燃机联合驱动空调系统，适用于城市公共交通客运大巴，属于能源利用技术领域。The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined drive air conditioning system, which is suitable for urban public transport passenger buses and belongs to the technical field of energy utilization.

背景技术Background technique

随着汽车数量的增加，带来了石油需求激增和环境恶化等问题，人们面临着石油资源与环境保护的双重压力。With the increase in the number of automobiles, it has brought problems such as a surge in oil demand and environmental degradation, and people are facing dual pressures on oil resources and environmental protection.

为了保护环境和提高能源利用效率，世界各国急需发展新型的汽车驱动系统。燃料电池发电驱动技术是将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能，而不受卡诺循环的限制。其中，质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell；PEMFC)具有环境友好、寿命长、运行温度低、比功率高、能量效率高、冷启动快、结构紧凑、易维护等优点，特别适合作为移动电源，极大地受到人们关注(Djilali N，Lu D M.Influence of heat transfer on gas and water transport in fuelcells.International Journal Thermal Sciences，2002，41(1)：29-40.)。In order to protect the environment and improve energy efficiency, countries around the world urgently need to develop new vehicle drive systems. Fuel cell power generation drive technology converts the chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy without being limited by the Carnot cycle. Among them, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell; PEMFC) has the advantages of environmental friendliness, long life, low operating temperature, high specific power, high energy efficiency, fast cold start, compact structure, and easy maintenance. Mobile power sources have received great attention (Djilali N, Lu D M. Influence of heat transfer on gas and water transport in fuel cells. International Journal Thermal Sciences, 2002, 41 (1): 29-40.).

目前常用的内燃机驱动系统，约有10％的热量损失于摩擦中，25％的热量由废气带走，40％的热量传递给气缸外的冷却水，因此系统的效率仅有20～30％，通过技术革新，也只能达到40％左右，能源的利用率低。另外，内燃机城市大巴运行时排放微粒、硫氧化物和氮氧化物等有害物质，同时排放出温室气体——二氧化碳，对城市的环境造成了污染。Currently commonly used internal combustion engine drive systems, about 10% of the heat is lost in friction, 25% of the heat is taken away by the exhaust gas, and 40% of the heat is transferred to the cooling water outside the cylinder, so the efficiency of the system is only 20-30%. Through technological innovation, it can only reach about 40%, and the utilization rate of energy is low. In addition, city buses with internal combustion engines emit harmful substances such as particulates, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides during operation, and at the same time emit greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, which pollutes the urban environment.

目前尚未有质子交换膜燃料电池-内燃机联合驱动空调系统的相关技术公开报道。At present, there is no public report on the related technology of proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined driving air conditioning system.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足及根据未来能源发展趋势，提供一种适用于城市大巴的质子交换膜燃料电池—内燃机联合驱动空调系统，在为城市大巴提供动力的同时，还可以为大巴供应热风/冷风，从而实现能源的高效、无污染利用，减少城市污染物排放。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and according to the future energy development trend, to provide a proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined drive air conditioning system suitable for city buses, which can also provide power for city buses. The bus supplies hot air/cold air, so as to realize efficient and pollution-free utilization of energy and reduce urban pollutant emissions.

为实现这样的目的，本发明的质子交换膜燃料电池—内燃机联合驱动空调系统，由燃料极压缩机、燃料极换热器、质子交换膜燃料电池、内燃机、燃气空调机、驱动器、电动机、空气极换热器、空气极压缩机等设备构成。质子交换膜燃料电池的电力输出端连接电动机的入口端，电动机的出口端连接驱动器，质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料极出口端连接内燃机的入口端，内燃机的动力输出端连接驱动器，内燃机的出口端连接燃气空调机的入口端，燃气空调机的出口端连接燃料极换热器的管外入口端，燃料极换热器的管外出口端连接空气极换热器的管外入口端，空气极换热器的管外出口端排空。燃料极压缩机的入口端连接氢气源，燃料极压缩机的出口端连接燃料极换热器的管内入口端，燃料极换热器的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料极入口端，空气极压缩机的入口端连接空气，空气极压缩机的出口端连接空气极换热器的管内入口端，空气极换热器的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池的空气极入口端，质子交换膜燃料电池的空气极出口端排空。In order to achieve such purpose, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the present invention-internal combustion engine jointly drives the air conditioning system, consists of fuel pole compressor, fuel pole heat exchanger, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, internal combustion engine, gas air conditioner, driver, motor, air pole heat exchanger, air pole compressor and other equipment. The power output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the inlet end of the motor, the outlet end of the motor is connected to the driver, the fuel pole outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the inlet end of the internal combustion engine, the power output end of the internal combustion engine is connected to the driver, and the output end of the internal combustion engine Connect the inlet end of the gas air conditioner, the outlet end of the gas air conditioner is connected to the inlet port outside the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger, the outlet port outside the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger is connected to the inlet port outside the tube of the air electrode heat exchanger, the air electrode The tube outer outlet end of the heat exchanger is evacuated. The inlet end of the fuel electrode compressor is connected to the hydrogen source, the outlet end of the fuel electrode compressor is connected to the inlet port in the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger, and the outlet port in the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger is connected to the fuel electrode inlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, The inlet end of the air electrode compressor is connected to the air, the outlet end of the air electrode compressor is connected to the inlet port of the air electrode heat exchanger, and the outlet end of the air electrode heat exchanger is connected to the air electrode inlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The outlet end of the air pole of the exchange membrane fuel cell is emptied.

系统工作时，氢气经燃料极压缩机和燃料极换热器进入质子交换膜燃料电池的燃料极；空气经空气极压缩机和空气极换热器进入质子交换膜燃料电池的空气极。利用生物质、核能、化石能源等制得的氢气为燃料，空气为氧化剂，氢和氧在燃料电池内发生电化学反应，所产生的电能驱动电动机，为驱动器提供主要动力，未完全反应的氢气进入内燃机中燃烧，所产生的机械能为驱动器提供另一部分动力，内燃机所产生的燃气进入燃气空调机，所产生的热风/冷风用以调节大巴内的空气温度，燃气空调机的排气依次进入燃料极换热器和空气极换热器，预热氢气和空气。燃料电池的空气极出口端排空。When the system is working, hydrogen enters the fuel electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the fuel electrode compressor and the fuel electrode heat exchanger; air enters the air electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell through the air electrode compressor and the air electrode heat exchanger. The hydrogen produced by biomass, nuclear energy, and fossil energy is used as fuel, and the air is used as the oxidant. The hydrogen and oxygen undergo electrochemical reactions in the fuel cell, and the generated electric energy drives the motor to provide the main power for the driver. The incompletely reacted hydrogen It enters the internal combustion engine for combustion, and the generated mechanical energy provides another part of power for the driver. The gas generated by the internal combustion engine enters the gas air conditioner, and the hot/cold air generated is used to adjust the air temperature in the bus. The exhaust gas of the gas air conditioner enters the fuel in turn. pole heat exchanger and air pole heat exchanger to preheat hydrogen and air. The air pole outlet end of the fuel cell is evacuated.

本驱动系统采用质子交换膜燃料电池与内燃机联合驱动，可以通过调整氢气和空气供给量调整系统的输出功率。The drive system is jointly driven by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, and the output power of the system can be adjusted by adjusting the hydrogen and air supply.

本发明与现有技术相比，具有明显的进步和有益效果。本发明的燃料极换热器和空气极换热器可以预热氢气和空气，节约能源；未被燃料电池利用的部分燃料送到内燃机燃烧，为驱动器提供部分动力；内燃机所产生的燃气进入燃气空调机，为大巴提供热风/冷风。这些特点都有利于提高燃料氢气的利用率。并且本发明运行时不排放微粒、硫氧化物和氮氧化物等有害物质，无CO₂排放，实现能源的高效、无污染利用。另外，燃料氢气的来源广泛，可以利用生物质、核能、化石能源等制造。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious progress and beneficial effects. The fuel electrode heat exchanger and the air electrode heat exchanger of the present invention can preheat hydrogen and air to save energy; part of the fuel not used by the fuel cell is sent to the internal combustion engine for combustion to provide part of power for the driver; the gas produced by the internal combustion engine enters the gas Air conditioner to provide hot/cold air for the bus. These features are conducive to improving the utilization rate of fuel hydrogen. Moreover, the present invention does not discharge harmful substances such as particles, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides during operation, and has no_CO2 emission, thereby realizing efficient and pollution-free utilization of energy. In addition, fuel hydrogen comes from a wide range of sources and can be produced using biomass, nuclear energy, and fossil energy.

本发明采用质子交换膜燃料电池和内燃机联合驱动大巴，同时燃气空调机为大巴提供冷风/热风，有效提高了能源利用率，减少了温室气体及有害气体的排放。与目前的内燃机30％左右的效率相比，本发明的系统电热综合效率可达65％左右。热电综合效率的提高，可以使燃料使用量减少50％以上。The invention adopts the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the internal combustion engine to jointly drive the bus, and at the same time, the gas air conditioner provides cold air/hot air for the bus, which effectively improves the energy utilization rate and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases and harmful gases. Compared with the efficiency of the current internal combustion engine which is about 30%, the electric-heat comprehensive efficiency of the system of the present invention can reach about 65%. The improvement of the comprehensive efficiency of heat and electricity can reduce the fuel consumption by more than 50%.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

图1中，1为燃料极压缩机，2为燃料极换热器，3为质子交换膜燃料电池，4为内燃机，5为燃气空调机，6为驱动器，7为电动机，8为空气极换热器，9为空气极压缩机。In Figure 1, 1 is the fuel electrode compressor, 2 is the fuel electrode heat exchanger, 3 is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 4 is the internal combustion engine, 5 is the gas air conditioner, 6 is the driver, 7 is the electric motor, and 8 is the air electrode exchange. Heater, 9 is air pole compressor.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为更好地理解本发明的技术方案，以下结合附图作进一步描述。In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, further description will be made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明的系统结构如图1所示，由燃料极压缩机1、燃料极换热器2、质子交换膜燃料电池3、内燃机4、燃气空调机5、驱动器6、电动机7、空气极换热器8、空气极压缩机9等设备构成。质子交换膜燃料电池3的电力输出端连接电动机7的入口端，电动机7的出口端连接驱动器6，质子交换膜燃料电池3的燃料极出口端连接内燃机4的入口端，内燃机4的动力输出端连接驱动器6，内燃机4的出口端连接燃气空调机5的入口端，燃气空调机5的出口端连接燃料极换热器2的管外入口端，燃料极换热器2的管外出口端连接空气极换热器8的管外入口端，空气极换热器8的管外出口端排空。燃料极压缩机1的入口端连接氢气源，燃料极压缩机1的出口端连接燃料极换热器2的管内入口端，燃料极换热器2的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池3的燃料极入口端，空气极压缩机9的入口端连接空气，空气极压缩机9的出口端连接空气极换热器8的管内入口端，空气极换热器8的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池3的空气极入口端，质子交换膜燃料电池3的空气极出口端排空。The system structure of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, consists of a fuel electrode compressor 1, a fuel electrode heat exchanger 2, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, an internal combustion engine 4, a gas air conditioner 5, a driver 6, an electric motor 7, and an air electrode heat exchanger Device 8, air pole compressor 9 and other equipment constitute. The power output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is connected to the inlet port of the motor 7, the outlet end of the motor 7 is connected to the driver 6, the fuel electrode outlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is connected to the inlet port of the internal combustion engine 4, and the power output end of the internal combustion engine 4 Connect the driver 6, the outlet port of the internal combustion engine 4 is connected to the inlet port of the gas air conditioner 5, the outlet port of the gas air conditioner 5 is connected to the inlet port outside the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2, and the outlet port outside the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2 is connected to The inlet end outside the tube of the air pole heat exchanger 8 and the outlet end outside the tube of the air pole heat exchanger 8 are emptied. The inlet end of the fuel electrode compressor 1 is connected to the hydrogen source, the outlet end of the fuel electrode compressor 1 is connected to the inlet port in the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2, and the outlet port in the tube of the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2 is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 The inlet end of the fuel electrode, the inlet end of the air electrode compressor 9 is connected to air, the outlet end of the air electrode compressor 9 is connected to the inlet port of the air electrode heat exchanger 8, and the outlet end of the air electrode heat exchanger 8 is connected to the proton exchange membrane The air pole inlet end of the fuel cell 3 and the air pole outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 are emptied.

系统工作时，氢气由燃料极压缩机1经燃料极换热器2进入质子交换膜燃料电池3的燃料极；空气由空气极压缩机9经空气极换热器8进入质子交换膜燃料电池3的空气极。燃料氢和空气中的氧在质子交换膜燃料电池3中发生电化学反应，所产生的电能驱动电动机7，为驱动器6提供主要动力，未完全反应的氢气进入内燃机4中燃烧，所产生的机械能为驱动器6提供另一部分动力，内燃机4所产生的燃气进入燃气空调机5，所产生的热风/冷风用以调节大巴内的空气温度，燃气空调机5的排气依次进入燃料极换热器2和空气极换热器8以预热氢气和空气。质子交换膜燃料电池3的空气极出口端排空。When the system is working, hydrogen enters the fuel electrode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 from the fuel electrode compressor 1 through the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2; air enters the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 from the air electrode compressor 9 through the air electrode heat exchanger 8 air pole. The fuel hydrogen and the oxygen in the air undergo an electrochemical reaction in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, and the generated electric energy drives the motor 7 to provide the main power for the driver 6, and the incompletely reacted hydrogen enters the internal combustion engine 4 for combustion, and the generated mechanical energy Provide another part of power for the driver 6, the gas generated by the internal combustion engine 4 enters the gas air conditioner 5, the generated hot air/cold air is used to adjust the air temperature in the bus, and the exhaust gas of the gas air conditioner 5 enters the fuel electrode heat exchanger 2 in turn And air pole heat exchanger 8 to preheat hydrogen and air. The air pole outlet end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is emptied.

在本发明的一个实施例中，系统采用质子交换膜燃料电池3与内燃机4联合驱动，质子交换膜燃料电池3的额定功率为200kW，内燃机4的额定功率为50kW，额定负荷为250kW，可以通过调整氢气和空气供给量调整系统的输出功率。In one embodiment of the present invention, the system is jointly driven by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 and the internal combustion engine 4, the rated power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is 200kW, the rated power of the internal combustion engine 4 is 50kW, and the rated load is 250kW, which can be passed Adjust the hydrogen and air supply to adjust the output power of the system.

Claims (1)

Translated fromChinese

1、一种质子交换膜燃料电池—内燃机联合驱动空调系统，其特征在于包括燃料极压缩机(1)、燃料极换热器(2)、质子交换膜燃料电池(3)、内燃机(4)、燃气空调机(5)、驱动器(6)、电动机(7)、空气极换热器(8)及空气极压缩机(9)；质子交换膜燃料电池(3)的电力输出端连接电动机(7)的入口端，电动机(7)的出口端连接驱动器(6)，质子交换膜燃料电池(3)的燃料极出口端连接内燃机(4)的入口端，内燃机(4)的动力输出端连接驱动器(6)，内燃机(4)的出口端连接燃气空调机(5)的入口端，燃气空调机(5)的出口端连接燃料极换热器(2)的管外入口端，燃料极换热器(2)的管外出口端连接空气极换热器(8)的管外入口端，空气极换热器(8)的管外出口端排空；燃料极压缩机(1)的入口端连接氢气源，燃料极压缩机(1)的出口端连接燃料极换热器(2)的管内入口端，燃料极换热器(2)的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池(3)的燃料极入口端，空气极压缩机(9)的入口端连接空气，空气极压缩机(9)的出口端连接空气极换热器(8)的管内入口端，空气极换热器(8)的管内出口端连接质子交换膜燃料电池(3)的空气极入口端，质子交换膜燃料电池(3)的空气极出口端排空。1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell-internal combustion engine combined drive air conditioning system, characterized in that it includes a fuel electrode compressor (1), a fuel electrode heat exchanger (2), a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3), and an internal combustion engine (4) , gas air conditioner (5), driver (6), motor (7), air pole heat exchanger (8) and air pole compressor (9); the power output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) is connected to the motor ( 7), the outlet of the motor (7) is connected to the driver (6), the outlet of the fuel pole of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) is connected to the inlet of the internal combustion engine (4), and the power output of the internal combustion engine (4) is connected to The driver (6), the outlet port of the internal combustion engine (4) is connected to the inlet port of the gas air conditioner (5), the outlet port of the gas air conditioner (5) is connected to the outer inlet port of the fuel pole heat exchanger (2), and the fuel pole exchanger The outlet end outside the tube of the heat exchanger (2) is connected to the inlet port outside the tube of the air electrode heat exchanger (8), and the outlet end outside the tube of the air electrode heat exchanger (8) is emptied; the inlet of the fuel electrode compressor (1) The outlet end of the fuel electrode compressor (1) is connected to the inlet port of the fuel electrode heat exchanger (2), and the outlet end of the fuel electrode heat exchanger (2) is connected to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3). The fuel electrode inlet port of the air electrode compressor (9) is connected to the air, the outlet port of the air electrode compressor (9) is connected to the inlet port of the air electrode heat exchanger (8), and the air electrode heat exchanger (8) ) is connected to the air pole inlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3), and the air pole outlet port of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) is emptied.