CN1904503A - Compressor variable frequency energy saving reforming method of constant speed centrifugal water cooling machine set - Google Patents
Compressor variable frequency energy saving reforming method of constant speed centrifugal water cooling machine setDownload PDFInfo
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Translated fromChinese一、技术领域：1. Technical field:
本发明涉及一种中央空调恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机变频节能改造装置，仅针对中央空调恒速离心式机组，对机组的离心式压缩机进行变频节能改造，减少压缩机的运行功率，实现中央空调冷水机组的节能和经济运行。The invention relates to a compressor frequency conversion energy-saving modification device for a central air-conditioning constant-speed centrifugal chiller unit, which is only aimed at the central air-conditioning constant-speed centrifugal unit, and performs frequency conversion energy-saving modification on the centrifugal compressor of the unit to reduce the operating power of the compressor and realize Energy-saving and economical operation of central air-conditioning chillers.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
由于中央空调恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机不排除在满负载状态下长时间运行的可能性，所以只能按最大需求来决定压缩电动机的容量；在实际运行中，空调机组的外界负荷往往是频繁变化的，机组在部分负荷运行的时间所占的比例是非常高，因此必须要进行机组的能量调节，以保证在部分负荷时的制冷量需求，调节机组的容量，减少压缩机的运行功率；目前通常的方法是通过调节进口导流叶片，改变气体进入叶轮的方向来改变压缩机的运动特性，以达到压缩机转速不改变的情况下，调节离心式冷水机组的容量之目的；这种机组的容量调节方法，在部分负荷运行时，能效比较低，压缩机运行功率大，无法实现节能和经济运行。Since the compressor of the central air-conditioning constant-speed centrifugal chiller does not rule out the possibility of running for a long time under full load, the capacity of the compression motor can only be determined according to the maximum demand; in actual operation, the external load of the air-conditioning unit is often Frequently changing, the proportion of the time the unit is operating at part load is very high, so it is necessary to adjust the energy of the unit to ensure the cooling capacity demand at part load, adjust the capacity of the unit, and reduce the operating power of the compressor ; At present, the usual method is to change the motion characteristics of the compressor by adjusting the inlet guide vane and changing the direction of the gas entering the impeller, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the capacity of the centrifugal chiller without changing the compressor speed; The capacity adjustment method of the unit has relatively low energy efficiency when the unit is running at partial load, and the compressor has a large operating power, which cannot achieve energy saving and economical operation.
三、发明内容：3. Contents of the invention:
(1)本发明要解决的技术问题(1) technical problem to be solved in the present invention
为了解决现有的恒速离心式冷水机组在部分负荷运行时，能效比较低，压缩机能耗过大，无法实现节能和经济运行的问题，本发明提供一种恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机变频节能改造的装置，通过对冷水机组压缩机进行变频调速改造，同时优化调节进口导流叶片的开启度，使机组处于最佳运行状态，从而降低机组在部分负荷运行时的运行功率，实现节能和经济运行。In order to solve the problem that the existing constant speed centrifugal water chiller has relatively low energy efficiency and excessive energy consumption of the compressor when it operates under partial load, and cannot realize energy saving and economical operation, the present invention provides a frequency conversion compressor of the constant speed centrifugal water chiller The device for energy-saving transformation, through the frequency conversion and speed regulation transformation of the compressor of the chiller, and at the same time optimizes the opening degree of the inlet guide vane, so that the unit is in the best operating state, thereby reducing the operating power of the unit when it is operating at part load, and realizing energy saving. and economic operation.
(2)本发明所采用的技术方案(2) Technical scheme adopted in the present invention
本发明为了更好地实现离心式冷水机组压缩机变频节能改造的节能效果，采集了机组的冷冻出水温度、温度设定值、冷冻回水温度、冷冻水流量、导流叶片开度、压缩机实际转速等变量和参数(参见附图1)，通过冷水机组压缩机变频智能模糊控制系统，优化压缩机转速和优化导流叶片开度，使机组在各种工况下，尤其是部分负荷情况下，始终处于最佳运行状态，同时提高压缩机的效率，降低制冷机组的运行功耗，实现中央空调冷水机组的节能和经济运行。In order to better realize the energy-saving effect of frequency conversion and energy-saving transformation of centrifugal chiller compressors, the present invention collects the chilled outlet water temperature, temperature setting value, chilled return water temperature, chilled water flow rate, guide vane opening, compressor Variables and parameters such as the actual speed (see Figure 1), through the frequency conversion intelligent fuzzy control system of the compressor of the chiller, optimize the speed of the compressor and the opening of the guide vane, so that the unit can operate under various working conditions, especially under partial load conditions. It is always in the best operating state, while improving the efficiency of the compressor, reducing the operating power consumption of the refrigeration unit, and realizing the energy-saving and economical operation of the central air-conditioning chiller.
本发明的基本控制参数是冷冻水出水温度实际值与设定值的温差、实时采样冷冻水流量与温差等变量运算后的制冷量负荷。当机组在70％～100％冷负荷工况下运行时，导流叶片全开，电动机速度逻辑完全由温差控制，进入压缩机性能曲线区域1运行(参见附图2)。随着冷负荷的下降，当机组在50％～70％冷负荷工况下运行时，电动机转速将减小，直至转速达到最小为止，进入压缩机性能曲线区域2运行(参见附图2)，此时，电动机将保持在最小转速，由智能模糊控制系统给导流叶片控制逻辑提供信号，使其减小导流叶片的开度。随着冷负荷的继续下降，智能模糊控制系统继续关闭导流叶片，当机组在制冷量太小时即冷负荷下降到小于50％工况下运行时，会造成制冷剂吸气量不足，制冷剂气流不能均匀地流入叶轮每个流道，因而叶轮不能正常排气，致使排气压力陡然下降，压缩机处于不稳定工作区，压缩机要发生喘振。为了避免喘振发生，机组在制冷量小于50％工况下运行时，智能模糊控制系统应及时提高电动机的转速，这时进入压缩机性能曲线区域3运行(参见附图2)。总之，在任何工况下，冷水机组压缩机变频智能模糊控制系统都能根据冷水出水温度与设定值的温差和制冷量负荷率，来优化电动机转速和导流叶片的开度，从而满足负荷要求，并使机组性能最优，效率最高，压缩机节电效果最高。The basic control parameters of the present invention are the temperature difference between the actual value of the chilled water outlet temperature and the set value, the real-time sampling chilled water flow rate and the temperature difference and other variables and the cooling capacity load after calculation. When the unit operates under the condition of 70%-100% cooling load, the guide vanes are fully opened, the motor speed logic is completely controlled by the temperature difference, and it enters the compressor performance curve area 1 to operate (see Figure 2). As the cooling load decreases, when the unit operates under the condition of 50% to 70% cooling load, the motor speed will decrease until the speed reaches the minimum, and enter the compressor performance curve area 2 to operate (see Figure 2). At this time, the motor will be kept at the minimum speed, and the intelligent fuzzy control system will provide a signal to the control logic of the guide vane to reduce the opening of the guide vane. As the cooling load continues to drop, the intelligent fuzzy control system continues to close the guide vanes. When the unit operates under the condition that the cooling capacity is too small, that is, the cooling load drops to less than 50%, it will cause insufficient refrigerant suction, and the refrigerant The air flow cannot evenly flow into each flow channel of the impeller, so the impeller cannot exhaust normally, causing the exhaust pressure to drop suddenly, the compressor is in an unstable working area, and the compressor will surge. In order to avoid surge, when the unit operates under the condition that the cooling capacity is less than 50%, the intelligent fuzzy control system should increase the speed of the motor in time, and then enter the compressor performance curve area 3 to operate (see Figure 2). In short, under any working conditions, the chiller compressor frequency conversion intelligent fuzzy control system can optimize the motor speed and the opening of the guide vanes according to the temperature difference between the cold water outlet temperature and the set value and the cooling capacity load rate, so as to meet the load. Requirements, and make the unit have the best performance, the highest efficiency, and the highest energy-saving effect of the compressor.
(3)有益效果(3) Beneficial effect
1.本发明涉及的压缩机变频节能改造装置，可大大提高在部分负荷运行时的工作效率，年平均节能效果在30％以上。1. The frequency conversion energy-saving transformation device for compressors involved in the present invention can greatly improve the working efficiency in part-load operation, and the annual average energy-saving effect is over 30%.
2.本发明涉及的压缩机变频节能改造装置，增强了机组的卸载能力，可以有效地防止喘震的发生。2. The compressor frequency conversion energy-saving modification device of the present invention enhances the unloading capacity of the unit and can effectively prevent the occurrence of surge.
3.本发明涉及的压缩机变频节能改造装置，实现了机组的软启动，避免了机电式启动器在启动时高达5倍的电流冲击，由于没有电流冲击，特别适合于电源容量不足的场所，如采用发电机供电系统。3. The frequency conversion energy-saving transformation device for compressors involved in the present invention realizes the soft start of the unit and avoids the current impact of up to 5 times when the electromechanical starter is started. Since there is no current impact, it is especially suitable for places with insufficient power supply capacity. Such as the use of generator power supply system.
4.本发明涉及的压缩机变频节能改造装置，压缩机电机等设备的寿命得到有益的延长，可以全面节省维护费用。4. The frequency conversion energy-saving transformation device for compressors involved in the present invention can beneficially prolong the service life of compressor motors and other equipment, and can save maintenance costs in an all-round way.
5.本发明涉及的压缩机变频节能改造装置，使压缩机电机的功率因素达到95％，也改善了机房的噪声，运行环境宁静。5. The compressor frequency conversion energy-saving modification device of the present invention makes the power factor of the compressor motor reach 95%, and also improves the noise of the machine room, and the operating environment is quiet.
四、附图说明：4. Description of drawings:
图1：冷水机组压缩机变频智能模糊控制系统图Figure 1: Frequency conversion intelligent fuzzy control system diagram of chiller compressor
图2：离心式压缩机性能曲线图Figure 2: Centrifugal Compressor Performance Curve
五、具体实施方式：5. Specific implementation methods:
开利19XR5555457DHS离心式冷水机组，该机组的制冷量2461KW/700冷吨，压缩机电机功率472KW，额定电流817A，蒸发器流量423M3/H，冷凝器流量508M3/H，冷冻泵75KW二台，流量500M3/H，冷冻泵55KW二台，流量630M3/H，水泵1用1备方式运行。Carrier 19XR5555457DHS centrifugal chiller, the cooling capacity of the unit is 2461KW/700 refrigeration tons, the compressor motor power is 472KW, the rated current is 817A, the evaporator flow rate is 423M3 /H, the condenser flow rate is 508M3 /H, and two refrigeration pumps are 75KW , the flow rate is 500M3 /H, two refrigerated pumps of 55KW, the flow rate is 630M3 /H, and the water pump operates in 1 standby mode.
根据对2年来机组运行记录调查分析得知，冷水机组在负荷最大时，冷冻水出回水温度8℃～11.5℃，冷却水进出水温度31℃～35℃，压缩机的电流负载率为83％，而全年的多数时间内，冷冻水温差在3℃以内，平均电流负载率为60％，机组处于部分负荷情况下运行，虽然可以进行通过调节进口导流叶片，改变气体进入叶轮的方向来改变压缩机的运动特性，以达到压缩机转速不改变的情况下，调节离心式冷水机组的容量之目的；这种机组的容量调节方法，在部分负荷运行时，能效比较低，压缩机运行功率大，无法实现节能和经济运行。According to the investigation and analysis of the operation records of the unit in the past two years, when the chiller is at the maximum load, the temperature of the chilled water outlet and return water is 8°C to 11.5°C, the temperature of the cooling water inlet and outlet is 31°C to 35°C, and the current load rate of the compressor is 83. %, and most of the time throughout the year, the chilled water temperature difference is within 3°C, the average current load rate is 60%, and the unit operates under partial load, although it is possible to change the direction of gas entering the impeller by adjusting the inlet guide vane To change the kinematic characteristics of the compressor, in order to achieve the purpose of adjusting the capacity of the centrifugal chiller without changing the compressor speed; the capacity adjustment method of this unit, when the part load is running, the energy efficiency is relatively low, and the compressor runs The power is large, and energy saving and economical operation cannot be realized.
下面以开利19XR离心式冷水机组为例，采用本发明装置的技术，进行具体实施说明恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机变频节能改造过程，变频器选用三菱FR-F740-S500K-CHT 500KW，额定电流866A。安装本发明装置时，必须在整个机组停电后进行，把原启动柜内的压缩机的电机线接入到变频器的UVW端子上，从原启动柜引出动力线接入变频器的RST端子上，同时还接入机组运行控制信号、停机信号、报警信号，最后改造系统还安装传感器采集机组的冷冻水出水温度、冷冻回水温度、冷冻回水流量、导流叶片开度等变量，而冷冻出水温度设定值、压缩机实际转速等参数则由改造后的控制系统设定和从变频器中采集压缩机转速信号。The following takes the Carrier 19XR centrifugal chiller as an example, and uses the technology of the device of the present invention to describe the energy-saving transformation process of the constant-speed centrifugal chiller compressor. The frequency converter is Mitsubishi FR-F740-S500K-CHT. Current 866A. When installing the device of the present invention, it must be carried out after the power failure of the whole unit. Connect the motor line of the compressor in the original starter cabinet to the UVW terminal of the frequency converter, and connect the power line from the original starter cabinet to the RST terminal of the frequency converter. At the same time, it is also connected to the unit operation control signal, shutdown signal, and alarm signal. Finally, the retrofit system also installs sensors to collect variables such as chilled water outlet temperature, chilled return water temperature, chilled return water flow rate, and guide vane opening. Parameters such as the set value of the outlet water temperature and the actual speed of the compressor are set by the modified control system and the speed signal of the compressor is collected from the frequency converter.
压缩机变频节能改造完成后，机组开机操作方式与原来相同，机组开机后，冷水机组压缩机变频智能模糊控制系统，通过采集了机组的冷冻出水温度、温度设定值、冷冻回水温度、冷冻水流量、导流叶片开度、压缩机实际转速等变量和参数，发出精确的速度指令和导叶开度指令，通过变频器优化调节压缩机转速，通过执行机构来优化控制导流叶片的开度，压缩机的运行功率大幅度降低，使机组在部分负荷运行时的工作效率大幅度提高。After the frequency conversion energy-saving transformation of the compressor is completed, the unit start-up operation mode is the same as before. After the unit is started, the chiller compressor frequency conversion intelligent fuzzy control Variables and parameters such as water flow, guide vane opening, compressor actual speed, etc., issue precise speed commands and guide vane opening commands, optimize compressor speed through frequency converters, and optimize control of guide vane opening through actuators The operating power of the compressor is greatly reduced, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the unit when it is operating at part load.
以下为开利19XR离心式700冷吨冷水机组安装了本发明涉及的变频节能装置后的运行情况对比。
从上表中可以明显地得出，通过对恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机进行变频节能改造，可大幅度提高在部分负荷运行时的工作效率，年平均节能效果在30％以上。From the above table, it can be clearly concluded that through the frequency conversion energy-saving transformation of the compressor of the constant-speed centrifugal chiller, the working efficiency in part-load operation can be greatly improved, and the annual average energy-saving effect is more than 30%.
通过对恒速离心式冷水机组压缩机进行变频节能改造，优化调节压缩机电机的速度，同时调节导流叶片的开启度，达到最佳的效率，使机组处于最佳的运行状态，从而降低在部分负荷时的运行功率，节约电费，节能改造的投资费用预计在2-3年的时间内，即可回收。Through frequency conversion energy-saving transformation of constant-speed centrifugal chiller compressors, the speed of the compressor motor is optimized, and the opening of the guide vanes is adjusted at the same time to achieve the best efficiency, so that the unit is in the best operating state, thereby reducing The operating power at partial load can save electricity costs, and the investment cost of energy-saving renovation is expected to be recovered within 2-3 years.
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| CN101957041A (en)* | 2010-08-23 | 2011-01-26 | 张铭联 | Safe and energy-saving operation method for central air conditioner |
| CN102003377A (en)* | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-06 | 北京时代科仪新能源科技有限公司 | Control device and method for air compressor |
| CN102575685A (en)* | 2009-10-21 | 2012-07-11 | 开利公司 | Centrifugal compressor part load control algorithm for improved performance |
| CN102741624A (en)* | 2008-02-27 | 2012-10-17 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Turbo refrigerator and refrigeration system and control method thereof |
| CN103017429A (en)* | 2012-07-02 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | High-precision fast control method for variable-frequency industrial water chiller |
| CN104864620A (en)* | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-26 | 荏原冷热系统株式会社 | Centrifugal refrigerator |
| CN105444482A (en)* | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 | Water-cooling water chilling unit and energy-saving operation control method thereof |
| CN106524582A (en)* | 2016-11-24 | 2017-03-22 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Compressor load control method and device applicable to water side parallel-connected air cooled heat pump units |
| CN106524613A (en)* | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Variable-frequency air-cooled heat pump unit and control method and device thereof |
| CN107270601A (en)* | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | A kind of water chilling unit control method |
| CN107940841A (en)* | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-20 | 杨可欣 | A kind of refrigeration unit control system |
| WO2019228173A1 (en)* | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-05 | 羾领节能科技(冷吨保)香港有限公司 | Variable-frequency control system and control method therefor |
| CN111140544A (en)* | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Compressor guide vane opening degree control method and device and air conditioning unit |
| CN112212461A (en)* | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Central air-conditioning system and control method thereof |
| CN115127246A (en)* | 2021-07-09 | 2022-09-30 | 上海氢枫能源技术有限公司 | Energy-saving system and method of chiller controlled by frequency converter |
| CN115451596A (en)* | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-09 | 克莱门特捷联制冷设备(上海)有限公司 | Energy control method for quickly and stably starting centrifugal water chilling unit |
| CN116163985A (en)* | 2023-02-20 | 2023-05-26 | 华涧新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | An energy storage thermal management system and its control method |
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- 2006-08-01CNCN 200610061915patent/CN1904503A/enactivePending
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| CN102741624A (en)* | 2008-02-27 | 2012-10-17 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Turbo refrigerator and refrigeration system and control method thereof |
| CN102741624B (en)* | 2008-02-27 | 2015-09-16 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Turbo refrigerator and refrigeration system and control method thereof |
| CN102575685B (en)* | 2009-10-21 | 2015-08-12 | 开利公司 | For improvement of the centrifugal compressor part load control algorithm of performance |
| CN102575685A (en)* | 2009-10-21 | 2012-07-11 | 开利公司 | Centrifugal compressor part load control algorithm for improved performance |
| US10544801B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2020-01-28 | Carrier Corporation | Centrifugal compressor part load control algorithm for improved performance |
| CN101957041A (en)* | 2010-08-23 | 2011-01-26 | 张铭联 | Safe and energy-saving operation method for central air conditioner |
| CN102003377A (en)* | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-06 | 北京时代科仪新能源科技有限公司 | Control device and method for air compressor |
| CN103017429A (en)* | 2012-07-02 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | High-precision fast control method for variable-frequency industrial water chiller |
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