CN1854459A - Underground coal gasification - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种深层地下煤炭气化工艺方法，具体而言，尤其涉及一种煤层在大约地下1000米以下的具有较佳排水方案的无井式煤炭气化工艺方法。The invention relates to a deep underground coal gasification process, in particular to a well-free coal gasification process with a coal seam below about 1000 meters underground and with a better drainage scheme.
背景技术Background technique
煤炭地下气化是将处于地下的煤炭进行有控制的燃烧，通过对煤的热作用和化学作用产生可燃气体，集建井、采煤、气化工艺方法于一体的多学科开发洁净能源与化工原料的新技术，其实质是提取煤中的含能成分，变物理采煤为化学采煤，从而具有安全性好、投资少、效率高、污染少等特点，被誉为第二代采煤方法。Underground coal gasification is a multidisciplinary development of clean energy and chemical industry through the controlled combustion of underground coal and the generation of combustible gas through thermal and chemical effects on coal. It integrates well construction, coal mining, and gasification processes. The essence of the new technology of raw materials is to extract the energy-containing components in coal and change physical coal mining into chemical coal mining, which has the characteristics of good safety, low investment, high efficiency, and less pollution. It is known as the second generation of coal mining. method.
请参阅图1，地下煤炭气化技术是在煤层中开凿气流与气化通道，在地面上从气流通道口鼓入空气或富氧或水蒸气，并使用点火器点燃地下煤层，并持续供给气化剂，煤层不断燃烧，使在底层的气化通道内的煤层在高温下发生化学反应，可产生的大量的可燃性气体以作为工业能源或民用能源。Please refer to Figure 1. Underground coal gasification technology is to dig airflow and gasification channels in the coal seam, blow air or oxygen-enriched or water vapor from the airflow channel on the ground, and use an igniter to ignite the underground coal seam, and continuously supply gas The coal seam is continuously burned, so that the coal seam in the bottom gasification channel undergoes a chemical reaction at high temperature, and a large amount of combustible gas can be produced to be used as industrial energy or civil energy.
实现煤炭地下气化过程，可用两种技术路线完成，①有井式；②无井式。Two technical routes can be used to realize the underground coal gasification process, ① with a well; ② without a well.
一、“有井式”：1. "Well type":
所谓“有井式”，即在建立地下气化炉时，人工下井到煤层中，进行巷道施工，建造地下气化炉的气流与燃烧通道，地下的一切工程施工都由人工下井完成。The so-called "well type", that is, when building an underground gasifier, manually go down into the coal seam, carry out roadway construction, and build the airflow and combustion channels of the underground gasifier, and all underground engineering construction is done manually.
“有井式，”煤炭地下气化建炉工艺，适用于井下工程开采技术并针对无法回采的煤炭资源(即被遗弃报废的煤炭，如各种煤柱等)，因为可以利用现有矿井的各种巷道及井工采煤时建立的设施，所以实施煤炭地下气化炉的建设工程的气化通道大且容易形成规模生产，既减少了建设地下气化炉的成本，又充分利用了煤矿的固定资产，实现了煤矿的存量经营。The "well-type" coal underground gasification furnace construction process is suitable for underground engineering mining technology and for coal resources that cannot be recovered (that is, abandoned and scrapped coal, such as various coal pillars, etc.), because the existing mine can be used Various tunnels and facilities established during underground coal mining, so the gasification channel for the construction of underground coal gasifiers is large and easy to form large-scale production, which not only reduces the cost of building underground gasifiers, but also makes full use of coal mines of fixed assets, realizing the stock operation of coal mines.
“有井式”的优点，就是受技术条件限制程度低，人工可以直接干预建炉过程中的各种环节，保证地下气化炉按要求建设。The advantage of the "well type" is that it is less restricted by technical conditions, and humans can directly intervene in various links in the furnace construction process to ensure that the underground gasifier is built according to requirements.
二、“无井式”：2. "No well type":
所谓“无井式”，就是无须人工下井，利用钻孔技术，如大口径钻井，定向钻孔等技术，完成地下气化炉的建设工程。由于深部煤层并工开采成本高，可采用这种方法进行深部煤层(1000米以下)的回采工作。The so-called "wellless type" means that there is no need to manually go into the well, and the construction of the underground gasifier is completed by using drilling technology, such as large-diameter drilling and directional drilling. Due to the high cost of parallel mining of deep coal seams, this method can be used to recover deep coal seams (below 1000 meters).
“无井式”的优点，建炉工艺简单，建设周期短，可用于深部及水下煤层气化。其缺点由于气流通道窄小，影响出气量，钻孔成本高，在建炉过程中，无法用人工作业，受钻井技术的限制，及地下深部高地压、高地下水压等的影响，使得地下气化炉在建设中，必须利用高压气体与地压建立平衡。目前国外很多国家如前苏联、美国、英国、法国、比利时和东欧，都对该技术进行研究与开发，只有前苏联建设了大规模工业化生产地下气化站，其他国家只进行小规模的工业性试验。The advantage of "wellless type" is that the furnace construction process is simple and the construction period is short, which can be used for deep and underwater coal bed gasification. Its disadvantages are that the air flow channel is narrow and small, which affects the gas output, and the drilling cost is high. During the furnace construction process, manual work cannot be used. Due to the limitation of drilling technology, and the influence of high ground pressure and high ground water pressure in deep underground, underground gas During the construction of the chemical furnace, it is necessary to use high-pressure gas and ground pressure to establish a balance. At present, many foreign countries, such as the former Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and Eastern Europe, are researching and developing this technology. Only the former Soviet Union has built large-scale industrial production of underground gasification stations, and other countries have only carried out small-scale industrial production. test.
在对深部煤层进行气化时，首先要对气化煤层进行排水以方便其进行引燃；当然，在气化过程中，只要煤层的水况不适合燃烧气化，就可以进行排水处理。但是，目前对深部无井式气化炉还没有较佳的排水方案，只是简单地采用高压风，将炉内积水直接全部压入炉壁周围的煤体中。这种方法不但耗能而且排水效果差。When gasifying deep coal seams, the gasified coal seams must first be drained to facilitate ignition; of course, during the gasification process, as long as the water conditions of the coal seams are not suitable for combustion and gasification, drainage treatment can be performed. However, at present, there is no better drainage solution for the deep well-less gasifier, but the high-pressure air is simply used to directly press all the accumulated water in the furnace into the coal body around the furnace wall. This method not only consumes energy but also has poor drainage effect.
另外，在对深部地下煤层进行气化开采的过程中，由于深部极高的地应力、极高的深部地下水压、频繁出现的瓦斯突出事故和复杂的地质结构等因素，使得地下深部的气化炉出现地下水不断渗入气化炉中、气化炉在深部高地压下发生变形、失稳后导致气流通道不畅通等问题。In addition, in the process of gasification mining of deep underground coal seams, due to factors such as extremely high ground stress, extremely high deep groundwater pressure, frequent gas outburst accidents, and complex geological structures, the deep underground gasification The furnace has problems such as continuous infiltration of groundwater into the gasifier, deformation and instability of the gasifier under high ground pressure in the deep part, resulting in blocked airflow channels and other problems.
目前，我国的能源危机问题日益突出，如不能被有效解决，将会对我国经济的发展带来重重阻碍；而我国千米深的煤炭资源，预测储量有数万亿吨以上，实有开发的必要，为了解决上述在深部无井式地下煤炭气化工艺中存在的问题，本发明特提出新的千米以下深地下煤炭气化工艺方法。At present, my country's energy crisis is becoming more and more prominent. If it cannot be effectively resolved, it will bring many obstacles to the development of my country's economy; and my country's kilometer-deep coal resources, the estimated reserves are more than trillions of tons, and there is indeed room for development. Necessary, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the deep wellless underground coal gasification process, the present invention proposes a new deep underground coal gasification process below 1,000 meters.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种降低煤气生产成本、效率较高的用于深部地下煤炭气化炉排水的方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for deep underground coal gasifier drainage with reduced gas production cost and high efficiency.
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种连接在气化炉出气通道的、缓冲并存储煤炭气化产生的气体的装置。The second object of the present invention is to provide a device connected to the gas outlet channel of the gasifier to buffer and store the gas produced by coal gasification.
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种能够在高压钻孔内将引燃器顺利投放到高压气化炉内的新的点火装置及方法。The third object of the present invention is to provide a new ignition device and method that can smoothly put the pilot burner into the high-pressure gasifier in the high-pressure borehole.
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种使气化工作面沿煤层倾斜向上燃烧，不断扩大燃烧面积，将大面积的煤炭充分气化，以提高产气量，延长气化炉的服务年限的鼓风式燃烧方法。The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air blast that makes the gasification working face burn upwards along the coal seam, continuously expands the combustion area, and fully gasifies a large area of coal to increase the gas production and prolong the service life of the gasifier. combustion method.
本发明的目的之五在于通过在不同时间对各钻孔热电偶温度的测量，并结合物探技术可以收集到温度梯度等参数，计算出氧化、还原、干馏带的长度、移动速度、以及其气体组分的变化等科学数据。The fifth object of the present invention is to measure the temperature of each borehole thermocouple at different times, and to collect parameters such as temperature gradients in combination with geophysical prospecting technology, and calculate the length, moving speed, and gas of oxidation, reduction, and carbonization zones. Scientific data such as changes in components.
为了实现上述目的，本发明是这样设计的：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is designed like this:
一种深层地下煤炭气化工艺方法，该工艺方法步骤包括在待气化的煤层中建设地下气化炉，在地下气化炉的一端钻设与地面连通的进气通道，在地下气化炉的另一端钻设与地面连通的出气通道，然后通过点火装置点燃气化炉内某一端的煤层，同时向气化炉内供给气化剂，最后在地面对产生的煤气进行收集和处理，其中气化炉外设有排水孔，该排水孔一端伸出地面，而另一端与所述地下气化炉相联通，以构成地下气化炉的排水系统，其中所述排水孔的孔底低于气化炉底10米以上，并作水封处理。A deep underground coal gasification process, the process steps include constructing an underground gasifier in a coal seam to be gasified, drilling an air intake passage connected to the ground at one end of the underground gasifier, The other end of the gasification furnace is drilled with a gas outlet channel connected to the ground, and then the coal seam at one end of the gasification furnace is ignited through the ignition device, and the gasification agent is supplied to the gasification furnace at the same time, and finally the generated coal gas is collected and processed on the ground. Wherein the gasification furnace is provided with a drainage hole, one end of the drainage hole protrudes from the ground, and the other end communicates with the underground gasification furnace to form the drainage system of the underground gasification furnace, wherein the bottom of the drainage hole is low It is more than 10 meters above the bottom of the gasification furnace and is treated with water seal.
本发明优选的点火装置包括过渡管，该过渡管的一端插入与气化炉连通的通道中并与其保持连通，而另一端延伸出地面并加盖密封盖，在所述的过渡管的中部设有阀门，在阀门和过渡管之间形成过渡室，在过渡管外围安装有一输送装置，该输送装置利用绳索在过渡室内悬吊一引燃器，所述绳索通过插在过渡管密封盖的密封滑管进入过渡室，以在过渡管密封的情况下实现引燃器的上升和下降运动。The preferred ignition device of the present invention includes a transition tube, one end of which is inserted into the channel communicating with the gasifier and kept in communication with it, while the other end extends out of the ground and is covered with a sealing cover. There is a valve, and a transition chamber is formed between the valve and the transition pipe. A conveying device is installed on the periphery of the transition pipe. The conveying device uses a rope to suspend a pilot burner in the transition chamber. The slide tube enters the transition chamber to achieve the rise and fall movement of the pilot burner with the transition tube sealed.
本发明优选在出气通道输出端连接至少一个储气罐，以缓冲并存放气化炉产生的气体。In the present invention, at least one gas storage tank is preferably connected to the output end of the gas outlet channel to buffer and store the gas generated by the gasifier.
本发明优选采用边气化边充填工艺方法，利用地面的充填设备，将可凝固的流体填充材料注入燃空区，所述填充材料在气化炉的高温条件下固化以形成实体，达到支护气化工作面不失稳的目的；在特厚煤层中建气化炉群进行气化时，各上下层之间，同水平各炉之间，不需要预留煤柱，充填物就可将各炉间的隔离煤柱置换，达到充分利用煤炭资源的目的，使煤炭资源不被遗弃，而且地下水流动的路线不通过地下气化炉，就不会污染地下水了；除此之外，本发明还可利用高压气体注入炉内及向地下气化炉内燃空区进行局部充填，这两种方法可为深部地下煤炭气化炉提供有效支护方法，一旦发生供气管漏气或停电时，可减少造成炉体失稳塌陷的事故风险。The present invention preferably adopts the process of filling while gasifying, and uses the filling equipment on the ground to inject the solidifiable fluid filling material into the burnout area, and the filling material solidifies under the high temperature condition of the gasification furnace to form a solid body to achieve support The purpose of the gasification working face is not to lose stability; when building a group of gasification furnaces in an extra-thick coal seam for gasification, there is no need to reserve coal pillars between the upper and lower layers, and between furnaces at the same level, and the filling can The replacement of isolated coal pillars between each furnace achieves the purpose of making full use of coal resources, so that coal resources are not abandoned, and the route of groundwater flow does not pass through underground gasifiers, so groundwater will not be polluted; in addition, the present invention It is also possible to inject high-pressure gas into the furnace and partially fill the internal combustion space of the underground gasifier. These two methods can provide effective support methods for deep underground coal gasifiers. In the event of gas supply pipe leakage or power failure, the Reduce the risk of accidents causing furnace instability and collapse.
本发明优选采用正反向鼓风(即周期性的将进气通道与出气通道功能互换)使线状的气化工作面，沿煤层倾斜向上燃烧，不断扩大燃烧面积，将大面积的煤炭充分气化，以提高产气量，延长气化炉的服务年限；The present invention preferably adopts forward and reverse blasting (i.e., the functions of the air intake channel and the air outlet channel are periodically exchanged) to make the linear gasification working face burn upwards along the coal seam, continuously expand the combustion area, and convert a large area of coal Full gasification to increase gas production and prolong the service life of the gasifier;
本发明优选在各钻孔外部安装不同深度的热电偶串，通过不同时间对各钻孔热电偶高温度的测量，并结合物探技术可以收集到温度梯度等参数，计算出氧化、还原、干馏带的长度、移动速度、以及其气体组分的变化等科学数据。In the present invention, thermocouple strings of different depths are preferably installed outside each borehole. By measuring the high temperature of each borehole thermocouple at different times and combining with geophysical prospecting technology, parameters such as temperature gradient can be collected, and the oxidation, reduction, and carbonization zones can be calculated. Scientific data such as the length, moving speed, and changes in its gas composition.
通过采用上述技术方案，可以明显提高地下气化炉排水效力，优化点燃煤层的手段，提高深部煤层气化效果，为气化炉提供有效支护，并节省大量能源，降低煤气生产成本。By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the drainage efficiency of the underground gasifier can be significantly improved, the means of igniting the coal seam can be optimized, the deep coal seam gasification effect can be improved, the gasifier can be provided with effective support, a large amount of energy can be saved, and the cost of gas production can be reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面将结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细的说明，其中：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, wherein:
图1是煤炭地下气化工艺方法的原理示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an underground coal gasification process;
图2A是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉系统截面的主视图的示意图；Fig. 2A is the schematic diagram of the front view of the cross-section of the deep shaftless underground coal gasifier system of the present invention;
图2B是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉系统截面的侧视图的示意图；Fig. 2B is a schematic diagram of a side view of a cross-section of the deep shaftless underground coal gasifier system of the present invention;
图2C是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉系统截面的俯视图的示意图；Fig. 2C is a schematic diagram of a top view of a cross-section of the deep shaftless underground coal gasifier system of the present invention;
图3A是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉排水系统截面的主视图的示意图；Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of the front view of the drainage system section of the deep wellless underground coal gasifier of the present invention;
图3B是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉排水系统截面的侧视图的示意图；Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of a side view of a section of the drainage system of a deep wellless underground coal gasifier of the present invention;
图4是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉燃空区填充技术的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the filling technology of the burnout area of the deep wellless underground coal gasifier of the present invention;
图5是本发明的深部无井式煤炭地下气化炉点火装置的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ignition device for a deep shaftless underground coal gasifier according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参阅图2A、2B、3A、3B和图4，本发明的深层(如1000米以下)地下无井式煤炭气化工艺方法包括在待气化的煤层5中建设地下气化炉8、在地下气化炉8的一端钻设与地面连通的进气通道2、而在其另一端钻设与地面连通的出气通道4，所述地下气化炉8与进气通道2和出气通道4构成U形结构，在该U形结构中部设有辅助出气通道3。事实上，气化炉8与进气通道2和出气通道4之间构成的形状并不局限于U形，只要是进气通道2和出气通道4与气化炉8相连通，且利于煤层气化燃烧和煤气排出即可，因此，可以根据实际需要对进气通道2、出气通道4气化炉8的布置进行调整。Please refer to Fig. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and Fig. 4, deep layer (as below 1000 meters) underground wellless type coal gasification process method of the present invention comprises building underground gasifier 8 in the
在完成上述建设工程后，建设排水孔1，该排水孔1从地面向下延伸，在进入煤层后逐渐水平延伸并通过气化炉8炉底，要求孔底到达炉底的距离至少大于10米，并作水封措施，达到只能排水、不能排气的目的。这样，气化炉8的钻孔与气化炉8外的排水孔1连通，从而使地下深部的气化炉8与地面贯通，以构成气化炉8的排水系统6。After the above-mentioned construction works are completed, the drainage hole 1 is constructed. The drainage hole 1 extends downward from the ground, gradually extends horizontally after entering the coal seam and passes through the bottom of the gasification furnace 8, and the distance from the bottom of the hole to the bottom of the furnace is required to be at least 10 meters. , and take water sealing measures to achieve the purpose of only draining but not exhausting. In this way, the borehole of the gasification furnace 8 communicates with the drain hole 1 outside the gasification furnace 8 , so that the deep underground gasification furnace 8 is connected with the ground to form the drainage system 6 of the gasification furnace 8 .
在对于气化炉8进行排水时，可以采用加压装置对上述与气化炉8连通的通道1、2、3、4中的至少一个加压，而关闭其余的通道；在加压装置的作用下，气化炉8内的气压增大，从而气化炉8内的水会在高压的作用下相应地流向排水孔1的底部，并进而渗入孔底煤层；作为另外一种优选的方案，可以对与气化炉8连通的通道2、3、4中的至少一个加压，而只打开排水通道1，在加压装置的作用下，气化炉8内的气压增大，从而气化炉8内的水会在高气压的作用下相应地流向排水孔1的底部，随着气化炉内气压的增大，排水孔1内的水位会继续下降，进而从排水孔1至少部分流出。利用上述技术方案，长期将地下气化炉8内的积水外排，可使地下气化炉8附近的水位下降，而水位下降，自然就减小了地下水对气化炉8的压力，并减少电耗，降低煤气生产成本。When the gasification furnace 8 is drained, a pressurizing device can be used to pressurize at least one of the
在排水工作完毕之后，通过点火装置9(请参阅图5)点燃煤层5。该点火装置9包括插入进气通道2内的过渡管94，该过渡管94的一端插入进气通道2，而另一端延伸出地面。其中该过渡管94插入进气通道2的一端与进气通道2内保持连通，而其另一端加盖密封盖93。在所述的过渡管94的中部设有阀门97，在阀门97和过渡管94之间形成过渡室。在过渡管94外围安装有一输送装置92，例如绞车装置等，该输送装置92包括一个定滑轮，输送装置92利用通过该定滑轮的绳索在过渡室内悬吊一引燃器96，所述绳索通过插在过渡管94密封盖93的密封滑管90进入过渡室，这样，在保证过渡管密封(即与外界空气隔离)的情况下，实现绳索的运动，即实现引燃器96的上升和下降运动。其中输送装置92优选但并不局限于使用绞车、滑轮和绳索装置，本领域普通技术人员能够联想到的其他常规替代装置都可以作为本发明的输送装置92。After the drainage work is completed, the
使用所述点火装置9时，需先关闭阀门97，然后通过输送装置92把引燃器96送入过渡室；然后密封过渡管94露出地面的一端，输送装置92的绳索通过密封滑管90进入过渡室，并加盖密封盖93；接下来打开阀门97，使过渡室与进气通道2连通，在过渡室与钻孔内气压均衡之后，放引燃器96进入进气通道2，并进而进入气化炉8；最后，启动该引燃器96，以点燃气化炉8内的煤层。具体的点火方法为：利用放炮或钻头将在气化炉8的煤层粉碎，并通过引燃器96在被粉碎的煤层上喷洒易燃物质，然后点燃被粉碎的煤层，以形成大面积燃烧的条件。点火前为了保证出气通道4的畅通，必须把出气通道4底的障碍物清除干净，经过冷态通风阻力测定合格后，即可点火，供风量初期要小(如10米3/h)，逐渐增加供风量，点火一段时间后开始检测煤气组分，直到煤气组分达到设计指标后，点火工序才算结束。When using the
在气化炉8的煤层开始燃烧后，需对其燃烧进行监测和控制。在各钻孔外部安装不同深度的热电偶串(未示出)，通过在不同时间对各钻孔热电偶的温度进行测量，并结合物探技术可以收集到温度梯度等参数，可以计算出氧化、还原、干馏带的长度、移动速度、以及其气体组分的变化等科学数据。After the coal seam of the gasifier 8 starts to burn, its combustion needs to be monitored and controlled. Thermocouple strings (not shown) of different depths are installed outside each borehole, and by measuring the temperature of each borehole thermocouple at different times, and combining with geophysical prospecting technology, parameters such as temperature gradient can be collected, and oxidation, Scientific data such as the reduction, the length of the retort zone, the moving speed, and the change of its gas composition.
另外，作为本发明优选的技术方案，在气化炉8煤层燃烧过程中，可采用正反向鼓风，即周期性的将进气通道1与出气通道4功能互换，使线状的气化工作面，沿煤层倾斜向上燃烧，不断扩大燃烧面积，将大面积的煤炭充分气化，达到提高产气量，延长气化炉的服务年限的目的，并取消了国外为了气化大面积内的煤炭而采用密布许多钻孔法的费用。In addition, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the coal seam combustion process of the gasifier 8, forward and reverse blasting can be used, that is, the functions of the intake channel 1 and the
在特厚煤层中建气化炉群进行气化时，各上下层之间，同水平各炉之间，不需要预留煤柱，充填物就可将各炉间的隔离煤柱置换，以达到充分利用煤炭资源的目的，使煤炭资源不被遗弃，而且地下水流动的路线不通过地下气化炉，以避免被污染。When building a group of gasifiers in an extra-thick coal seam for gasification, there is no need to reserve coal pillars between the upper and lower floors, and between furnaces at the same level, and the filling can replace the isolated coal pillars between furnaces to To achieve the purpose of making full use of coal resources, so that coal resources are not abandoned, and the route of groundwater flow does not pass through the underground gasifier to avoid pollution.
因为煤体是弹塑性物质，外力极容易将地下气化炉8的空间压迫变形。为保持气化通道畅通，利用辅助钻孔，采用边气化、边充填工艺，如图4所示，将可凝固物质(如：水泥沙浆等)，用充填设备7(如高压泵)注入燃空区内，这些充填物在地下炉内的高温条件下，凝固成高强度的支护体，起到支撑作用，保证气化通道畅通。地面所用的充填设备7可采用大功率泥浆泵和一定长度的导料管。由于充填的落差在1000米左右，具有足够大的势能，利用充填材料的重力势能就可以完成充填过程，当充填材料注入燃空区后，由于本身是流体的，具有向凹处流的特点，自然就将燃空区的低洼处填平，当充填材料凝固成固体后，其抗压强度大大高于煤层，因此就起到了支护气化通道，保证通道畅通的作用。Because the coal body is an elastic-plastic substance, external forces can easily compress and deform the space of the underground gasifier 8 . In order to keep the gasification passage unimpeded, use the auxiliary drilling, adopt the process of gasification and filling at the same time, as shown in Figure 4, inject solidifiable substances (such as: cement mortar, etc.) In the empty area, these fillings solidify into a high-strength support body under the high temperature conditions in the underground furnace, which plays a supporting role and ensures the smooth flow of the gasification channel. The used filling equipment 7 on the ground can adopt high-power mud pump and the feed pipe of certain length. Since the filling drop is about 1000 meters and has a large enough potential energy, the filling process can be completed by using the gravitational potential energy of the filling material. When the filling material is injected into the burn-out area, it is fluid and has the characteristics of flowing to the recess. Naturally, the low-lying places in the burn-out area are filled and leveled. When the filling material is solidified, its compressive strength is much higher than that of the coal seam, so it plays a role in supporting the gasification channel and ensuring the smooth flow of the channel.
另外，作为本发明的优选的技术方案，可以通过对气化炉8内加压以防止地下气化炉8的通道变形与堵塞，如在深部地下煤层气化过程中，当地应力大于地下水压时，气化炉8内的气体压力必须大于地应力，这时关闭排水孔1出口处阀门(未示出)，并从其他通道加压以提高地下气化炉8内气体压力，例如通过进气通道1输入气化剂(如空气、氧气、水蒸汽等)。在此过程中，暂时关闭出气通道4的排气阀门(未示出)，并在一段时间内保持气化炉8煤层燃烧。在其燃烧到一定阶段后即可能完成自我支护，如煤炭在燃烧过程中产生的焦炭其抗压强度比煤炭高很多，所以可作为地下气化炉气化通道支护体，使气化通道保持一定的空间，才能使气化炉8稳定气化。在气化炉8稳定后，即可开启排水孔1和出气通道4的阀门，继续进行连续气化。因为气化炉8内的燃烧十分复杂，而且会因不同的煤质和地质特点产生不同的燃烧情况，因此，在具体对地下煤层气化的过程中，可根据实际情况采用上述填充式支护或增加气化炉8内压的方法完成气化炉8的支护，或者在气化的不同阶段分别采取不同的方法，只要能保证气化炉8煤层燃烧气化顺利，并且出气通道4出气连续顺畅即可。In addition, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the channel deformation and blockage of the underground gasifier 8 can be prevented by pressurizing the inside of the gasifier 8, such as in the deep underground coal seam gasification process, when the local stress is greater than the groundwater pressure , the gas pressure in the gasification furnace 8 must be greater than the ground stress. At this time, close the valve (not shown) at the outlet of the drain hole 1, and pressurize from other passages to increase the gas pressure in the underground gasification furnace 8, for example, through the intake Channel 1 inputs gasification agent (such as air, oxygen, water vapor, etc.). During this process, the exhaust valve (not shown) of the
在特厚煤层中必须进行分层气化，即实现有控的燃烧气化，因为进气通道1处煤被燃烧完后，氧化带必然向出气通道1处移动，当本层气化炉8内煤体燃烧气化完毕后，燃空区必须及时充填，以作为下层炉的顶板，这是不可缺少的工序，并可节约由于采取预留煤柱的方法，避免资源浪费。Layered gasification must be carried out in extra-thick coal seams, that is, controlled combustion gasification, because after the coal in the inlet channel 1 is burned, the oxidation zone must move to the outlet channel 1. When the gasifier in this layer 8 After the combustion and gasification of the inner coal body is completed, the burn-out area must be filled in time to serve as the roof of the lower furnace. This is an indispensable process, and it can save resources by adopting the method of reserving coal pillars to avoid waste of resources.
本发明的深层地下无井式煤炭气化工艺方法所涉及到的地下部分的构建可以通过钻孔技术、地下贯通技术完成，从而在煤层中为煤炭燃烧与热化学反应提供充分的空间。钻孔技术包括垂直钻孔，以从地面接近待气化煤层；而贯通技术包括反向燃烧和定向钻井。The construction of the underground part involved in the deep underground wellless coal gasification process of the present invention can be completed by drilling technology and underground penetration technology, thereby providing sufficient space for coal combustion and thermochemical reactions in the coal seam. Drilling techniques include vertical drilling to approach the coal seam to be gasified from the surface, while penetration techniques include reverse firing and directional drilling.
在产生气体之后，要对排出的气体进行收集和利用。本发明优选采用至少一个储气罐(未示出)来储存产生的气体。采用该储气罐，不但使气化产生的气体得到缓冲，而且确保由该储气罐输出的气体连续且气压平稳，从而方便用户使用。在应用燃烧煤气时，需根据产生的煤气的质量，来进行不同的用途，例如被直接连接到化工厂作为气体燃料或大型炼钢车间的工业能源，或者通过煤气管道输送到居民家中作为民用能源。After the gas is generated, the exhausted gas should be collected and utilized. The present invention preferably employs at least one gas storage tank (not shown) to store the generated gas. The use of the gas storage tank not only buffers the gas produced by gasification, but also ensures that the gas output from the gas storage tank is continuous and the pressure is stable, so that it is convenient for users to use. When using combustion gas, it needs to be used for different purposes according to the quality of the generated gas, such as being directly connected to chemical plants as gas fuel or industrial energy in large-scale steelmaking workshops, or transported to residents' homes through gas pipelines as civil energy .
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| CN104563992A (en)* | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 新奥气化采煤有限公司 | Coal underground gasification system and control method |
| CN104564010B (en)* | 2014-12-24 | 2019-03-12 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | underground gasifier |
| CN104564010A (en)* | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 新奥气化采煤有限公司 | Underground gasification furnace |
| CN105317418B (en)* | 2015-11-09 | 2018-01-16 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | The method for preventing and treating coal and gas prominent |
| CN105317418A (en)* | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-10 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for preventing and treating coal and gas outburst |
| CN107218023A (en)* | 2017-07-25 | 2017-09-29 | 新疆国利衡清洁能源科技有限公司 | System and method for stabilizing underground coal gasification combustion space area |
| CN108005632A (en)* | 2017-08-11 | 2018-05-08 | 新疆国利衡清洁能源科技有限公司 | Underground coal gasification furnace and gasification method |
| CN110924919A (en)* | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A method for increasing the production of coalbed methane by waste heat in the process of underground coal gasification |
| CN111963057A (en)* | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Novel underground coal gasification exploitation system |
| CN114482973A (en)* | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Gas production method for underground coal gasification and wellhead device of production well |
| CN114482973B (en)* | 2021-12-31 | 2024-05-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Gas production method for underground coal gasification and wellhead device of production well |
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| CN100420824C (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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