CN1781982A - Organic-inorganic composite water retaining agent with fertilizer slow release function and its preparing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及一种具有肥料缓释功能的有机－无机复合保水剂及其制备方法。采用廉价的凹凸棒土和具有改善土壤有机质的腐殖酸以及丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺作为复合保水剂的主要原料，添加引发剂和交联剂，在水溶液中经接枝共聚、交联、洗涤、干燥、粉碎制成缓释型保水剂。保水剂吸蒸馏水的倍数为400－600g/g，成本比有机原料聚合保水剂下降30－40％。本发明工艺所制产品，具有吸水保水和肥料缓释功能，可在条件差的节水农业和生态恢复等领域得到应用。The invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with fertilizer slow-release function and a preparation method thereof. Use cheap attapulgite, humic acid that can improve soil organic matter, acrylic acid, and acrylamide as the main raw materials of composite water-retaining agent, add initiator and cross-linking agent, graft copolymerization, cross-linking, washing, and drying in aqueous solution , crushed to make slow-release water-retaining agent. The distilled water absorption ratio of the water-retaining agent is 400-600g/g, and the cost is 30-40% lower than that of the organic raw material polymerized water-retaining agent. The product produced by the process of the invention has the functions of water absorption and water retention and slow release of fertilizer, and can be applied in fields such as water-saving agriculture and ecological restoration with poor conditions.

Description

Translated fromChinese

具有肥料缓释功能的有机-无机复合保水剂及其制备方法Organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with fertilizer slow-release function and preparation method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种具有肥料缓释功能的有机-无机复合保水剂及其制备方法。The invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with fertilizer slow-release function and a preparation method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

保水剂是一种功能高分子材料，施用到土壤中不仅可以充分吸收灌溉水或自然降雨，防止水分渗漏和流失，提高水分利用率，而且可促进土壤团聚体的形成，改善土壤孔隙结构，防止水土流失。因而，保水剂已在农业、林业和其他节水领域得到了较为广泛的使用。但是目前已商品化的保水剂，大多是以丙烯酸或丙烯酰胺聚合制备的，还存在成本高和耐盐碱性能差等不足。为了进一步降低成本和改善保水剂的性能，近年来有机无机杂化保水剂的开发成为热点之一。Water-retaining agent is a functional polymer material, applied to the soil can not only fully absorb irrigation water or natural rainfall, prevent water leakage and loss, improve water use efficiency, but also promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve soil pore structure, Prevent soil erosion. Therefore, water-retaining agents have been widely used in agriculture, forestry and other water-saving fields. However, most of the currently commercialized water-retaining agents are prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid or acrylamide, which still have disadvantages such as high cost and poor salt-alkali resistance. In order to further reduce costs and improve the performance of water retaining agents, the development of organic-inorganic hybrid water retaining agents has become one of the hot spots in recent years.

我们曾以凹凸棒土为无机组分，研制了系列有机无机复合型保水剂(申请号03120346.9)，这些有机无机复合保水剂不仅有高的吸水倍数和好的重复使用性能，而且还有较高的凝胶强度和低的生产成本。但在西部干旱和半干旱地区立地条件很差，尤其是生态恢复用地，土壤的有机质非常有限。因此，对保水剂的需求除要低成本和耐盐碱外，还必须同时具备多功能，这就对具有缓释肥料功能的保水剂的需求非常迫切。We have used attapulgite as the inorganic component to develop a series of organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agents (application number 03120346.9). These organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agents not only have high water absorption and good reusability, but also have high Excellent gel strength and low production cost. However, the site conditions in the arid and semi-arid areas of the west are very poor, especially in the ecological restoration land, where the organic matter in the soil is very limited. Therefore, in addition to low cost and salt-alkali tolerance, the demand for water-retaining agents must also have multiple functions, which is very urgent for water-retaining agents with slow-release fertilizer functions.

目前多以保水剂与肥料混合用于困难立地条件的土壤，一方面是肥料会影响保水剂的吸水性能，另一方面用这种方法施用的肥料具有速释性。因此，开发具有成本低、保水能力强和具有缓释肥料功能的保水剂，对于发展节水农业和改善生态环境，具有十分重要的意义。At present, water-retaining agents are mostly mixed with fertilizers for soils with difficult site conditions. On the one hand, fertilizers will affect the water-absorbing properties of water-retaining agents, and on the other hand, the fertilizers applied by this method have quick-release properties. Therefore, the development of water-retaining agents with low cost, strong water-retaining capacity and slow-release fertilizer function is of great significance for the development of water-saving agriculture and the improvement of ecological environment.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的就是针对保水剂目前的不足，提供一种成本较低、吸水性好和具有缓释肥料功能的有机-无机复合保水剂及其制备方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with low cost, good water absorption and slow-release fertilizer function and its preparation method for the current shortcomings of water-retaining agents.

本发明可以通过以下措施来实现：The present invention can be realized through the following measures:

我们采用廉价的凹凸棒土和具有改善土壤有机质的腐殖酸以及丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺作为复合保水剂的主要原料，添加引发剂和交联剂，在水溶液中经接枝共聚、交联、洗涤、干燥、粉碎制成缓释型保水剂。We use cheap attapulgite and humic acid that can improve soil organic matter, as well as acrylic acid and acrylamide as the main raw materials of composite water-retaining agents, add initiators and cross-linking agents, and undergo graft copolymerization, cross-linking, washing, Dried and crushed to make slow-release water-retaining agent.

凹凸棒土在我国储量丰富，价格低廉。酸化凹凸棒土表面存在大量的亲水性硅羟基，可以与丙烯酸有效的接枝，形成具有高吸水性的有机-无机复合吸水剂。同时凹凸棒链层中有多种作物所需的微量元素如钾、铁等，应用于农林业时不但可以发挥保水剂所固有的作用，而且可以起到营养的作用。Attapulgite is rich in reserves in my country and the price is low. There are a large number of hydrophilic silanol groups on the surface of the acidified attapulgite, which can be effectively grafted with acrylic acid to form an organic-inorganic composite water-absorbing agent with high water absorption. At the same time, there are trace elements such as potassium and iron required by various crops in the attapulgite chain layer. When used in agriculture and forestry, it can not only play the inherent role of water-retaining agent, but also play a nutritional role.

腐殖酸不仅具有改善土壤结构、土壤肥力和促进土壤微生物生长等方面的作用，而且可以促进植物根系发育、提高根系活力，增强光合作用，提高作物的抗病、抗冻等抗逆能力。因此，将其引入到保水剂中，可改善土壤的有机质含量。Humic acid not only has the effect of improving soil structure, soil fertility and promoting the growth of soil microorganisms, but also can promote plant root development, increase root activity, enhance photosynthesis, and improve crop resistance to disease and frost. Therefore, introducing it into the water-retaining agent can improve the organic matter content of the soil.

一种具有肥料缓释功能的有机-无机复合保水剂，其特征在于保水剂的原料的重量份数为：丙烯酸100份，丙烯酰胺20-60份，凹凸棒土10-40份，腐殖酸10-50，引发剂0.05-1.0份，交联剂0.05-1.0份；其中引发剂选自过硫酸铵或者过硫酸钾，交联剂选自N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺或甘油。An organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with fertilizer slow-release function, characterized in that the raw materials of the water-retaining agent are in parts by weight: 100 parts of acrylic acid, 20-60 parts of acrylamide, 10-40 parts of attapulgite, humic acid 10-50, 0.05-1.0 part of initiator, 0.05-1.0 part of cross-linking agent; wherein the initiator is selected from ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate, and the cross-linking agent is selected from N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide or glycerin .

复合保水剂的制备方法是，先用氢氧化钾中和丙烯酸，中和度为40％-80wt％，加入丙烯酰胺并在搅拌下使其溶解，然后加入凹凸棒土、腐殖酸、交联剂和引发剂，升温至60-90℃反应3-5小时，产物经洗涤、干燥后粉碎。The preparation method of the composite water-retaining agent is to first neutralize acrylic acid with potassium hydroxide, the neutralization degree is 40%-80wt%, add acrylamide and dissolve it under stirring, then add attapulgite, humic acid, cross-linking agent and initiator, the temperature is raised to 60-90°C for 3-5 hours, and the product is washed, dried, and crushed.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

由于使用了廉价的凹凸棒土和腐殖酸，使复合保水剂的成本大大降低。保水剂中凹凸棒土含有多种植物生长所需的微量元素，可供作物吸收。该复合保水剂具有较高的吸水率，其吸蒸馏水的质量倍数为400-600g/g。大量的试验表明，该复合保水剂施用后，保水剂中腐殖酸缓慢释放时间可达2个月，同时还可改善土壤团粒结构。Due to the use of cheap attapulgite and humic acid, the cost of the composite water retaining agent is greatly reduced. The attapulgite in the water-retaining agent contains a variety of trace elements needed for plant growth, which can be absorbed by crops. The composite water-retaining agent has a relatively high water absorption rate, and its distilled water absorption mass multiple is 400-600g/g. A large number of tests have shown that after the application of the composite water-retaining agent, the slow release time of humic acid in the water-retaining agent can reach 2 months, and it can also improve the soil aggregate structure.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明保水剂制备的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the water-retaining agent of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合图1，对本发明作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention will be further described.

实施例1：Example 1:

将2克凹凸棒土和2克腐殖酸加入有15mL蒸馏水的烧杯中。称取丙烯酸4.2克加入15mL蒸馏水中，滴加5M的氢氧化钾4mL。然后加入丙烯酰胺1.8克搅拌至溶解。将已搅拌成悬浮液的凹凸棒和腐殖酸液加入丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的混合溶液中，再加入交联剂0.0143克和引发剂0.0713克。升温至70℃，保持3-5小时。将产物在70℃下烘至恒重，粉碎，过40目网筛。得到的产品每克吸蒸馏水664克，色泽为黑色。Add 2 g of attapulgite and 2 g of humic acid into a beaker with 15 mL of distilled water. Weigh 4.2 g of acrylic acid and add it into 15 mL of distilled water, and add 4 mL of 5M potassium hydroxide dropwise. Then add 1.8 g of acrylamide and stir until dissolved. Add the attapulgite and humic acid liquid that have been stirred into a suspension into the mixed solution of acrylic acid and acrylamide, and then add 0.0143 grams of crosslinking agent and 0.0713 grams of initiator. Raise the temperature to 70°C and keep it for 3-5 hours. The product was dried at 70°C until constant weight, crushed, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. The product obtained absorbs 664 grams of distilled water per gram, and the color and luster is black.

实施例2Example 2

将1克凹凸棒土和3克腐殖酸加入有15mL蒸馏水的烧杯中。称取丙烯酸4.2克加入15mL蒸馏水中，滴加5M的氢氧化钾4mL。然后加入丙烯酰胺1.4克搅拌至溶解。将已搅拌成悬浮液的凹凸棒和腐殖酸液加入丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的混合溶液中，再加入交联剂0.0127克克和引发剂0.0713克。升温至80℃，保持3-5小时。将产物在70℃下烘至恒重，粉碎，过40目网筛。得到的产品每克吸蒸馏水486克，色泽为黑色。Add 1 g of attapulgite and 3 g of humic acid into a beaker with 15 mL of distilled water. Weigh 4.2 g of acrylic acid and add it into 15 mL of distilled water, and add 4 mL of 5M potassium hydroxide dropwise. Then add 1.4 g of acrylamide and stir until dissolved. Add the attapulgite and humic acid liquid that have been stirred into a suspension into the mixed solution of acrylic acid and acrylamide, and then add 0.0127 grams of crosslinking agent and 0.0713 grams of initiator. Raise the temperature to 80°C and keep it for 3-5 hours. The product was dried at 70°C until constant weight, crushed, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. The product obtained absorbs 486 grams of distilled water per gram, and the color and luster is black.

Claims (2)

Translated fromChinese

1、一种具有肥料缓释功能的有机-无机复合保水剂，其特征在于保水剂的原料的重量份数为：丙烯酸100份，丙烯酰胺20-60份，凹凸棒土10-40份，腐殖酸10-50，引发剂0.05-1.0份，交联剂0.05-1.0份；其中引发剂选自过硫酸铵或者过硫酸钾，交联剂选自N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺或甘油。1. An organic-inorganic composite water-retaining agent with fertilizer slow-release function, characterized in that the raw materials of the water-retaining agent are in parts by weight: 100 parts of acrylic acid, 20-60 parts of acrylamide, 10-40 parts of attapulgite, rotten 10-50 phytic acid, 0.05-1.0 part of initiator, 0.05-1.0 part of cross-linking agent; wherein the initiator is selected from ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate, and the cross-linking agent is selected from N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide or glycerin.2、如权利要求1所述保水剂的制备方法，其特征在于先用氢氧化钾中和丙烯酸，中和度为40％-80wt％，加入丙烯酰胺并在搅拌下使其溶解，然后加入凹凸棒土、腐殖酸、交联剂和引发剂，升温至60-90℃反应3-5小时，产物经洗涤、干燥后粉碎。2. The preparation method of the water retaining agent as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the acrylic acid is first neutralized with potassium hydroxide, the neutralization degree is 40%-80wt%, acrylamide is added and dissolved under stirring, and then the concave-convex Clay clay, humic acid, cross-linking agent and initiator are heated to 60-90°C for 3-5 hours to react, and the product is washed, dried and then pulverized.

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